DE1156937B - Process for the preparation of agents against alopecia by extracting species of gentiana - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of agents against alopecia, the same time serve as hair restorer and can be used in humans and animals.

It is a method of making a hair restorer using the above and below ground Components of nettles, burdock, yellow gentian and St. John's wort are known to be among which the plant parts containing the active ingredients ground to a fine pulp by heating softened to 75 to 95 ° C and digested and then with beef comb fat as Fat base can be converted into ointment form.

It has been found that the bitter substances and alkaloids of Swertia Japonica Makino are valuable Alopecia remedies are shown to have an excellent promoting effect on hair growth, Improve the surface of the skin and the shine of the hair, nourish, strengthen and thicken the hair and also make white hair dark.

According to the invention, Swertia Japonica Makino is extracted in order to obtain Swertiamarin is known per se with boiling alcohol, evaporates the extract, leaches the obtained Residue with water, removed from the aqueous solution in a manner known per se, the protein and combines them with a pharmaceutical carrier without them as in the extraction of swertiamarin evaporate and digest with alkyl acetate.

The active substances contained in the Swertia Japonica Makino (bitter substances and alkaloids) differ differs essentially from those of the yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), its components for production the described known hair restorer can be used. The essential bitter component from Swertia Japonica Makino is Swertiamarin, which is not contained in the yellow gentian is. Experiments have shown that when using products from the yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) practically no hair growth and hair care effects are obtained.

Swertia Japonica Makino is a biennial plant that grows wild in the mountains and fields of Japan grows. It has a stem and is dark purple in color. Their leaves are opposite arranged, almost smooth and of almost linear shape and closed. In autumn flower stalks sprout, and broad five-petalled flowers open at the ends. Swertia Japonica Makino belongs to the class the Gentianaceae and is also known under the name Japanese Chiretta or Swertia herb. the 2 year old Swertia will if they are during the flowering process for the production of funds

against alopecia by extraction

of gentian species

Applicant:
Yoshihide Hagiwara, Osaka (Japan)

Representative:

Dr. E. Wiegand, Munich 15, Nussbaumstr. 10,

and Dipl.-Ing. W. Niemann, Hamburg 1,

Patent attorneys

Claimed priority:

Japan April 17 and August 22, 1959

(No. 12 519 and No. 27 101)

Yoshihide Hagiwara, Osaka (Japan),
has been named as the inventor

time, including the roots, was harvested and dried, called "Senburi" in Japan. The dried powder is called "Powdered Senburi" (Swertia pulverata).
The bitter substances of Swertia are contained in all parts of the Swertia, namely in the stem, in the roots and in the leaves and in particularly large proportions in the flowers. This is the reason why Swertia is harvested in autumn during the flowering period, when particular emphasis is placed on the bitter substances. For the sake of simplicity, the whole plant of the fresh and dried Swertia, in particular the roots, stems, leaves and flowers, is referred to as Swertia for the purposes of the present method.
According to Nihon Yakugaku Zasshi (Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan), 1927, vol. 47, p. 133, Tatsuo Kariyone and Giichi Matsushima separated the bitter glucosides from Swertia and named them "Swertiamarin". They gave 1 kg of Swertia together with a small amount of calcium carbonate in boiling ethyl alcohol; after boiling for 30 minutes and destroying the enzyme, the swertia was broken into small pieces. After digestion

309 747/351

with ethyl alcohol the liquids obtained were combined and distilled under reduced pressure. Then the residue was dissolved in water and the insoluble fraction is filtered off. A solution of lead acetate was added to the filtrate with stirring, until no further precipitation occurred and filtered. The filtrate was treated with hydrogen sulfide saturated and the precipitate of lead sulfide was filtered off. After concentration by evaporation under

Therefore, by mixing or dissolving the bitter substances of the Swertia in hair pomades, toilet water, Cosmetic solutions, aerosols, etc., produce effective hair growth or hair care products be asked. After dissolving, mixing or dispersing the bitter substances of Swertia in the described Diluents in a concentration ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 percent by weight and after Applying depending on the symptom, reduced pressure, a syrupy extract io different results can be obtained, such as, for example, which was digested with ethyl acetate. wise promotion of hair growth, darkening After cooling, a yellow, non-crystalline white hair, could restore hair from Substance to be separated. If this is not alopecia areata, prevent epilation and anti-cleanse Glucoside by repeated heating and seborrhoeic and antipruritis effects. Self Dissolve with subsequent cooling and separation 15 when the content of bitter components in the gasified became a pure white substance with thinner more than 1 percent by weight to about

10 weight percent, the effectiveness of the hair treatment agent can be without any adverse effect can be achieved on the human body. However, ao causes an increase in the concentration above this Values do not necessarily represent an

obtained a boiling point of 112 to 114 ° C, which was called Swertiamarin. Swertiamarin has the formula C ₁₆ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ and forms erythrocentaurine (C ₁₀ H ₈ O ₃ ) and dextrose on hydrolysis with acid.

C ₁₆ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ + H ₂ O = C ₁₀ H ₈ O ₃ + C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 2H ₂ O swertiamarin erythrocentaurine glucose

This is in proportion to greater effectiveness. It is therefore preferred to use concentrations in the range from 0.001 to 1 percent by weight.
The agent can be produced in the form of an ointment or in the form of a milk-like suspension.

It is possible to use the bitter component as an injection agent alone or after dissolving or dispersing in a liquid diluent under sterile

C ₂₀ H ₂₀ O ₁₁ + H ₂ O = C ₁₄ H ₁₀ O ₆ + C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆
Swertianolin Swertianol Glucose

The erythrocentaurine also contains bitter substances.

In the "Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of
Japan, 1942, vol. 62, p. 22, report Yasuhiko
Asahina, Juntaro Asano and Yoshio Ueno about using a glucoside with a trace of bitter conditions. In this case, substances extracted from Swertianolin (C ₂₀ H ₂₀ O ₁₁ ) are sufficient to have a concentration of bitter components between 0.001 and 1 percent by weight of this Swertianolin on hydrolysis.

Swertianol and glucose formed. Although it is sufficient to use the means according to the invention

to be applied to the attacked areas once or twice a day, repeated application is permissible. That Agents according to the invention can be mixed or used with any other agents, which do not destroy the bitter substances and or hair restoration effectiveness

In addition to the Swertiamarin and Swertianolin, there are 40 ways or promote this effectiveness, such as. B. another substance that has a melting point of ethyl estradiol, capsicum tincture, chondroitin sweat-205 up to 207 ° C (damp at 190 ° C).

In the Swertia there are also alkaloids such as gentianine, in addition to the bitter substances such as swertiamarin, swertianolin, Erythrocentaurin and Swertianol.

It has been found that one or more
Types of bitter substances contained in Swertia, which are effective for strengthening or promoting hair growth in humans and animals. It has also been found that under 50 smaller and with 2 g of precipitated calcium carbonate in these bitter substances, the bitter glucosides and a 2-1 Erlenmeyer flask are added to which decomposition products, such as swertiamarin, gentiopicrin, a condenser with 750 ml of boiling ethyl alcohol and erythrocentaurine , and simple alkaloids, such as was closed. After 30 minutes of boiling and gentianine, or the group of bitter substances, which destroy the enzymes, the mixture was especially sucked in and the drug obtained was effective at below 60 ° C in its influence on hair growth. dries. The dried drug was in one

These bitter substances are not only crushed for humans and mortars, with 250 ml of ethyl alcohol at 40 Particularly harmless to the skin surface, but digests up to 45 ° C and reappears after suction dem can also be dissolved, digested mixed with extenders. This was repeated several times, and or dispersed as long as the bitter 60 were last 1.51 of a very dark brown substances themselves are not destroyed. Get the effectiveness fluid. This liquid was taking to promote hair growth is given when distilled under reduced pressure. After distilling off the concentration of the bitter substances 0.001% by weight of the alcohol became darker greenish-brown percent or less. Obtain residue as a diluent. For this purpose 100 ml of water were added can e.g. B. water, alcoholic-aqueous solutions, 65 given, after standing overnight it was filtered, Solids in the form of powders, such as talc, bentonite and 120 ml of a filtrate (A) were obtained, or calcium carbonate, ointments, toilet water, lotions. 90 ml of a 2% lead acetate or Aerosols are used. solution given to precipitate the protein. That

acid, calcium pantothenate, cepharantine.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.

example 1

50 g Swertia according to Japan Pharmacopeia, grown in Akita Prefecture, Japan, was finely crushed

Excess lead was precipitated by hydrogen sulfide and removed as lead sulfide by filtration, whereby about 200 ml of a filtrate (B) was obtained. To 200 ml of the aforesaid filtrate (B) was Immediately 800 ml of ethanol (Japan Pharmacopeia) were added, and a 72 percent by volume alcoholic-aqueous solution became Solution prepares, which is then used as hair care products, hair nutrients and hair restorers was used. The 72% alcoholic thin or thick hair at the time of determination indicated were denoted by (+ +).

Those cases which were in progress at the time of the first appointment, but in which epilation is at the time stopped the first examination and showed good growth of thin and thick hair, were designated with (+ + +).

As described above, all of these determinations were made by comparing progress (Haar

aqueous solution was referred to as test drug I, ίο growth) between the determination time and the

The test drug I contained about 0.1 to 0.2% of the bitter components Swertiamarin, Erythrocentaurin, Gentian, etc.

To 200 ml of a filtrate, which was prepared analogously to the above-mentioned citrate (B), were added 600 ml of water and 2400 ml of ethanol (Japan Pharmacopeia) are added to make a total of 3200 ml which was then used clinically as Trial Drug II. The test drug II contained the first Investigations carried out.

Effects of treatment

In Table I below are the results of the treatment, observing the course within a period of more than 4 weeks, summarized in fourteen cases, nine cases of alopecia areata, two cases of prematural alopecia and three

Danger 0.033 to 0.066% of the bitter components of 20 cases affect alopecia pityrodes.

Swertia with the main components Swertiamarin, for example, alopecia areata ran one

Erythrocentaurine and gentianine.

Example 2

During clinical examination of test drug I after the following therapeutic treatment in the institute for dermatology (Professor Sukemasa Miura and Assistant Professor Akira Shiratori) of the Medical Faculty of the University of Hokkaido, Japan, the following results were obtained.

Treatment method:

40

Test Drug I was applied to the epilation area by touching it with fingers. Because the drug represents an alcoholic solution and therefore dries quickly, the application was dependent on the treated area or symptoms repeated three to five times. In general, the Treatment twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, carried out according to the aforementioned working method, and as far as possible, combined methods were not used. The determination of the Results were made as follows:

Although the determination of the effect of the Treatment is difficult and the effects are not only attributed to the test drug used test determinations were made according to the following characteristics.

Those cases in which none between the time of the first test and the time of determination Changes in the condition were indicated with (-).

Those cases in which epilation was in progress at the time of the first test, but at the time of determination ceased or in which epilation stopped at the time of the first examination and which at the time of determination can turn 60, showed good thin hair growth marked with (+).

Those cases which were progressing at the time of the initial examination but which are currently undergoing epilation determining who showed good thin hair growth or where the Epilation had stalled at the time of the initial examination and good growth of of the nine cases with (+++), two cases with (++), three cases with (+), one case with (±) and two cases with (-). If one considers these cases, which are marked with (+) or a better sign, to be effective looks, effects could be found in seven cases (77.8%), and in the two cases of alopecia prematura and three cases of alopecia pityrodes were in one case of the former (50%) and in two cases of the latter (66.7%) effects were recorded.

If you put all these cases together, effects were achieved in ten out of fourteen cases, so that the ratio is 70.1%.

The first signs of the effects, stopping epilation, were generally 3 to 4 weeks detected after treatment started and thin or thick hair began to grow also 3 to 4 weeks after the start of treatment, in this case the increase in epilation was small. Even with an advancing one Case in which the epilation area expanded further, there was a case (No. 4) in which on the other hand, the focus is on the growth of thin hair (the epilation area at the time of first examination) could be determined again.

In those cases in which itching occurred, as in Apolecia pityrodes, immediately after the Application of the test drug I a pleasant effect can be achieved.

Side effects

As a result of using Test Drug I, there was no irritation or inflammation the skin. One advantage of having this alcohol-based drug is that the treated part does not become sticky, as in the case of an ointment treatment, and is always kept clean

Inference

When using test drug I, visible results were achieved in all fourteen cases. It can therefore be assumed that this drug has anti-epilation properties as well as hair growth-promoting properties and should therefore be tried at least once in the case of alopecia.

Table I.

case
No. age Ge
bad slide
gnosis Disease
course Symptoms Application
duration progress effect 1 18th F. 2 weeks three pigeon eggs two appl Growth of a low et) later big bald applications daily Amount of thin hair (over) Place For 5 weeks noticeable after 5 weeks
bar 2 24 F. 1 month an egg size two appl Stopping epilation (+) later Go on applications daily after 3 weeks; after striding For 5 weeks 5 weeks some occurred epilation thin hair on; one new epilation site seemed 3 19th M. 1 week a hand-sized one two appl vigorous growth thin (+) later Job applications daily Hair after 5 weeks For 5 weeks 4th 30th F. 3 days two thumbs two appl the first 2 to 3 weeks (++) later great size applications daily did the epilation progress, Keep going For 4 weeks however, the awake could striding thin hair in the CS epilation Center of the posts te to be established. the § Epilation stopped after 4 weeks
on 5 25th M. > .S
8th 4 days an egg size two appl Thin hair growth (+) g ¹ later Place, one dung daily, was after 3 weeks be <j fingertips For 4 weeks watched and became too great place becoming livelier 6th 43 F. 3 days four fingers two appl no noticeable changes (-) later great size dung daily, tion after 4 weeks Place For 4 weeks 7th 50 M. 2 months many spread two appl no noticeable change (-) later thumb tip dung daily, tion after 4 weeks great spots For 4 weeks δ 13th M. 1 week two pigeon eggs two appl Thin hair growth, (++) later great spots dung daily, partly strong hair, (over) For 4 weeks was closed after 4 weeks watch 9 17th M. 2 months one palms two appl ipilation stopped after 3 weeks (+++) later big spot, dung daily, chen on; Growth thin progressive For 4 weeks a hair could be stuck epilation be asked, partially Transition to vigorous Hair after 4 weeks 10 25th M. 2 to 3 years Epilation done two appl : a change inside (-) later spreads across the dung daily, half past five weeks Kt front and For 5 weeks 3 lateral head G lots 11 21 M. 2 to 3 years ipilation, the two appl ipilation stopped after 4 weeks (+) π) later scream away dung daily, chen on > peci tend about the For 5 weeks front and lateral head lots from spreads 12th 18th M. 3 months 'ityrias two appl decline of the pityrian (+) later Scaly image dung daily, Rash after 2 weeks CJ
Ό dung, itching, For 5 weeks chen, itching stopped, S. epilation Epilation came after 4 weeks to a standstill 13th 30th M. 'B, J
cd] lyear 'ityrias two appl after 4 weeks only had (-) later Scaly image dung daily, the itching stopped I. dung, itching, For 4 weeks 14th 26th M. 5 to 'ityrias two appl decline of the pityrian (+) 6 months Scaly image dung daily, Rash after 3 weeks later dung, itching, For 4 weeks chen, epilation followed epilation 4 weeks to a standstill

Test drug I was also summarized at the Dermatological Institute (Prof. Tadayoshi Arakawa), medical 65 in Table II below.
Faculty, Tokushima University, Japan, with a
similar treatment method as in case II

described, examined, and the results obtained

The determination of the effects was carried out in a manner made in the case of Table I.

Table II

10

case
No. age gender diagnosis Application
duration progress effect _{+ +} 1 32 F. Alopecia 72 days no change up to the 20th day; something thin + + areata Hair appeared on day 26; short hair appeared on the 37th day, short hair grew excellently on
53rd day ₊ 2 37 F. Alopecia 69 days thin hair appeared on the 16th day; short hair he areata appeared on the 36th day, a lot of short hair appeared on the 63rd day, short hair grew excellently on
69th day 3 13th F. Alopecia 60 days thin hair appeared on the 60th day areata _{+ +} 4th 26th F. Alopecia 52 days some thin hairs appeared on day 7, many thin ones areata Hair appeared on the 26th day, short hair grew + on the 39th day, short hair grew excellently on
52nd day 5 30th F. Alopecia 47 days some thin hair appeared on the 26th day, a little _ areata short hair was visible on day 47 6th 10 M. Alopecia 43 days thin hair grew considerably on the 43rd day areata 7th 48 M. Alopecia 24 days no change until the 24th day areata 8th 32 F. Alopecia 21 days some thin hairs appeared on the 21st day ± areata 9 16 F. Alopecia 20 days no change until the 20th day + areata 10 20th M. Alopecia 14 days Epilation stopped on the 11th day + areata 11 29 M. Alopecia 12 days thin hair grew barely noticeable on the 12th day (-) areata 12th 6th F. Alopecia 10 days thin hair appeared on the 10th day (-) areata 13th 21 F. Alopecia 9 days no change until the 9th day + areata 14th 26th M. Alopecia 9 days no change until the 9th day + areata 15th 42 M. Alopecia 8 days thin hair appeared on the 8th day, partially after - areata darkened 16 16 M. Alopecia 8 days thin hair appeared noticeably on the 8th day + areata 17th 18th M. Alopecia 8 days no change until the 8th day - areata 18th 27 F. Alopecia 5 days Epilation decreased on the 5th day - areata 19th 36 M. Alopecia 4 days no change until the 4th day + areata 20th 29 M. Alopecia 3 days no change until the 3rd day areata + 21 26th F. Alopecia 106 days Epilation ceased on the 26th day; thin hair became pityrpdes clearly visible; no flaking on 52nd day; thin hair continued to grow on the 75th day 22nd 34 F. Alopecia 21 days Dandruff largely disappeared on day 4; pityrpdes hardly any flaking on the 8th day; epilation decreased on the 21st day 23 19th M. Alopecia 80 days copious flaking on day 6, some thin + supracili Hair appeared on day 12; short hair appeared on the 28th day, short hair appeared in big men gen on the 40th day 24 19th F. Hypoplasia 63 days light growth on day 43, very good hair - after hair growth on the 63rd day transplan ± tation 25th 31 M. Alopecia 27 days A change by the 27th day + '+ prematura 26th 33 M. Alopecia 25 days thin hair appeared on the 25th day prematura + 27 12th M. Alopecia 24 days thin hair appeared noticeably on the 14th day; thin totalis Hair grew well on day 18 with partial re-growth + darken 28 60 M. Alopecia 21 days good hair growth on the 14th day senilis 29 35 M. Alopecia 10 days Epilation stopped on the 10th day diffusa

11

Table II (continued)

12th

case
No. age gender diagnosis Application
duration progress effect 30th 46 F. Alopecia 3 days no change until the 3rd day diffusa 31 56 M. Alopecia 25 days Dandruff decreased on day 5, short hair + senilis appeared on the 20th day 32 52 M. Alopecia 45 days Epilation stopped on the 10th day; good growth of + + senilis short hair on the 33rd day 33 36 M. Alopecia 27 days good hair growth on day 27 + prematura 34 49 M. Alopecia 60 days thin hair appeared considerable; good hair growth + + senilis

Example 3

On clinical examination of test drug II, which is described in Example I in the following Way received by Professor Sukemasa Miura and the assistant Professor Akira Shiratori the following results were obtained.

Application method

This drug has been used by twenty-four patients suffering from either alopecia pityrodes, Suffered from alopecia presenilis or alopecia areata. In the case of extended epilation, after Applying a few drops of the drug massaged on the affected area. If it's a small area was swiped with fingers. In both cases the application Repeatedly two to three times a day, especially after the bath. There were no combination treatments performed. Clinical result: The use cases and results are summarized in the table. The identification of the effectiveness determination

ao was carried out as in Example 2.

According to the above results, twelve out of fifteen cases of alopecia areata (80%), four out of five cases of alopecia presenilis (80%), three out of four cases of alopecia

25 pityrodes (75%) an effect can be noted, and when all these cases are taken together effectiveness in nineteen out of twenty-four cases (79%). No side effects were found.

30 From the above clinical results, it was found that this test drug II exhibited hair growth-promoting effects and was also effective for the treatment of alopecia.

Table III

case
No. age Ge
bad 1 18th F. 2 24 F. 3 19th M. 4th 30th F. 5 25th M. 6th 43 F. 7th 50 M. 8th 13th M. 9 17th M.

diagnosis

Symptoms course

Duration of use

effect

Side effect

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

Alopecia
areata

three pigeon egg-sized epilation sites

a place the size of an egg, spreading further

a goose size
Job; an egg-sized place

two spots the size of the tip of a thumb,
spreading further

two thumb tips · large spots, one egg-sized spot

four thumb tip

great spots
many tip of the thumb

great spots

two spots the size of a pigeon egg

thin area the size of the palm of the hand, spreading thin hair appeared after 4 bis 5 weeks, which turned into short, thick hair after 2 months

Epilation stopped after 3 weeks; thin hair appeared after 5 weeks and continued to gain weight thin hair appeared and grew vigorously and began to turn into thick hair after 2 months transform

although an enlargement of the places was noticeable at first appeared focus on thin hair. Epilation stopped

1 month on, and thick hair appeared

thin hair appeared on the third week, took to continuously and turned to I ¹ Iz months in strong hair no change within one month

no change within a month

thin hair appeared after 4 weeks; some strong hair was seen and grew Well

Epilation stopped after 3 weeks; thin hair grew visibly and changed afterwards

2 months almost completely in thick hair

2 months

2 months 2 months

approximately 2 months

approximately 2 months

1 month

1 month

2 months

2 months

13th

Table III (continued) 14

age

gender

diagnosis

Symptoms course

Duration of use

effect

Side effect

15th
16
17th
18th
19th
20th
21

23
17th
26th

19th
31

34
25th
21
37
38
31
18th

20th
26th
40

F.
M.
M.

M.
M.
M.
F.
F.
M.
M.

M.
M.
F.

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia presenilis

Alopecia presenilis

Alopecia presenilis

Alopecia presenilis

Alopecia presenilis

Alopecia pityrodes

Alopecia pityrodes

Alopecia pityrodes

Alopecia pityrodes

almost total failure

two egg-sized places

a palm-sized place

almost complete failure

almost complete failure

two egg-sized places

Epilation from the forehead to the middle of the head

the same as proceeding above

the same as proceeding above

large epilation area

large epilation area

pityrid flaking, itching, epilation

pityrid flaking, itching, epilation

pityrid flaking, itching, epilation

pityrid flaking, itching, epilation thin hair appeared on the whole head after 1 month and grew vigorously

thin hair appeared and grew after 4 weeks; some thick hair was also visible

thin hair became after 3 weeks and thick hair after IV2 months visible

no visible change within a month

after complete epilation, white and thick hair appeared, which after use the drug had started to grow rapidly

thin hair, partly thick hair, became visible after 3 weeks

although the epilation stopped after 1 month, no hair appeared

Epilation stopped after 4 weeks, some new hairs were visible after 2 months

Epilation stopped after 4 weeks, some new hairs were visible after 2 months

Epilation decreased after 2 weeks, almost no epilation after 4 weeks

Epilation decreased after 2 weeks, almost no epilation after 4 weeks

Dandruff decreased after 2 weeks, itching decreased; epilation came to a standstill after 4 weeks

Dandruff and itching stopped after 4 weeks; almost no epilation after 2 months

only the itching was relieved 1 month later

pityrid rash and epilation stopped after 4 weeks

2 months IV2 months IV2 months

1 month 1 month

1 month

2 months 2 months IVa months 4 weeks 4 weeks 2 months

2 months 1 month 4 weeks

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Process for the preparation of agents against alopecia by extraction of Gentiana species, characterized in that Swertia Japonica Makino is extracted with boiling alcohol in the manner known per se for obtaining Swertiamarin, the extract is evaporated and the residue obtained is leached with water from the aqueous solution the protein is removed in a manner known per se and, without evaporating it, as is the case with the production of swertiamarin, and digesting it with alkyl acetate, combined with a pharmaceutical carrier. Documents considered: German Patent No. 859 199; British Patent No. 700,021; M ad au s, textbook of biological remedies, Vol. II, pp. 1436 to 1443, Leipzig, 1938. © 309 747/351 10.63