DE1125664B - Suspension device for the anode jacket in aluminum electrolysis ovens - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

INTERNAT. KL. C 22 d

M 40931 VIa / 40c

REGISTRATION DATE: MARCH 23, 1959

NOTICE THE REGISTRATION AND ISSUE OF EDITORIAL: MARCH 15, 19 * i

The invention relates to a suspension device for the anode jacket self-baking Anodes in aluminum electrolysis furnaces.

The invention is an improvement on known aluminum electrolytic furnaces with self-baking Electrodes are equipped, e.g. B. of the Soderberg-Montecatini type, these with vertical Steel contact bolts are provided for supplying the electrical current to the anode.

In the case of anodes, the claimed suspension device can have a round or rectangular cross-section or rectangular cross-section with rounded narrow sides can be used.

The contact bolts are firmly anchored to the self-baking anode and therefore work also as a hanging device. The vertical iron contact bolts are secured by means of suitable clips connected to the Ahodträger, the ends of which are held by vertical adjusting screws, the allow vertical regulation of the anode.

The anode support consists of one or more firmly connected profile steels. In · the in this In the examples given in the description, an anode support consisting of two elements is given. Of course, the scope of the invention also includes devices in which the carrier only consists of consist of one or more than two elements.

In the following, the expression "anode carrier" is therefore intended without specifying the number of elements be used.

The anode is located in a sheet steel jacket suitably reinforced by steel parts; this serves to take up the raw electrode mass and to protect the half-baked and baking parts against atmospheric oxidation.

The anode jacket is generally bounded by a small ring that holds the anode gas, and the products resulting from the distillation of the pitch are used as binders for the Anode mass used.

During normal operation of the electrolysis, the anode jacket should cover the anode as completely as possible cover without getting too close to the cryolite weld pool to prevent iron from getting too close can contaminate the bath and thus the aluminum produced.

In any case, the anode jacket must be at a predetermined and constant distance from the bath stay, while the anode must be lowered regularly, as the carbon continuously through the on the anode burns off the oxygen developed during the aluminum electrolysis in the bath.

Hanging device

for the anode jacket

in aluminum electrolysis furnaces

Applicant:

Montecatini, Societä Generale per l'Industria Mineraria e Chimica, Milan (Italy)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Chem. Dr. phil. Dr. techn. J. Reitstötter, patent attorney, Munich 15, Haydnstr. 5

Claimed priority:

Italy of March 25, 1958 (No. 4502)

Giovanni Mantovanello and Silverio Bruni,

Milan (Italy),
have been named as inventors

Therefore the anode slides in the fixed jacket. For this reason, in the up to now

Furnaces generally did not apply the jacket directly to the anode support like the contact studs tied together.

In the systems used up to now, the jacket is usually provided with a special, independent, provided on supports resting on girders connected to the ground. The coat is z. B. adjusted by means of adjusting screws to the required distance from the bath, this distance remains constant in practice. The anode is pressed through the contact bolts by the anode support and then slides evenly through the coat; the anode support is secured by the vertical adjusting screws regulates as the electrolytic combustion of the self-baking anode mass proceeds.

The suspension of the anode socket on an independent support, however, brings constructive benefits Difficulties with a larger space requirement in the horizontal and vertical directions Anode, allowing the adaptation of the devices to mechanize the various operations for operating the ovens, ζ. Β. the mechanical

209 519/395

Loading the anode mass and the alumina, draining the aluminum produced and the mechanical breaking of the enamel crust, is made more difficult.

The mechanization of these operations is special in baths with a high amperage, for example 100 kA and more, necessary.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by connecting the anode jacket to the anode support solved, on which the contact pin by means of a mechanical system that has a degree of freedom and holding the jacket in a predetermined position, are attached while the carrier is for balancing the anode consumption is reduced.

Table explained in order to make the invention clearer by comparison.

Reference number 1 denotes the support for the jacket 2 of the anode 3; 4 are adjustable Anchor bolts between the carrier 1 and the jacket 3; 5 represents the supports of the anode carrier 6 represent.

In FIG. 2, a means according to the invention is shown schematically and only by way of example without restriction metallic bands or chains connected arrangement shown.

The anode jacket 2 is reinforced at the top by a section steel or any other suitable reinforcement limited. Near the top four

There has already been a device for separate 15 corners of the socket are four strong eyelets 7 on

Adjustment of the altitude of the Söderberg electrode and a permanent jacket surrounding it proposed with a gas duct, the support beams designed as busbars arranged on lifting devices, on which the ends of four metallic Straps or chains 8 are attached by means of pivot pins. Can be rotated horizontally by four pairs on the Guide anode carrier 11 of supported rollers 9 and 1Θ

threads, which are fixedly mounted outside the furnace 20 the belts or chains to two horizontal beams,

are, and the electrode jacket is suspended from the support beam with the help of screw spindles is. This device has, inter alia, the disadvantage that with a motor drive for the lifting thread on the one hand and for the screw spindles on the other hand, special motors must be provided, which is not the case with the present invention.

Both in the known suspension devices as well as in the invention in a Elevation of the anode for operational requirements (changing the distance between the poles) of the Jacket due to its upward considerable conicity through the anode upwards drawn.

The guide rods of the jacket slide in the guide holes (locking only occurs when lowering a).

If the anode is lowered by the amount by which it was previously to compensate for the electrolytic burn-up has been lifted, the coat goes back to its predetermined position.

According to the invention, this connection or suspension consists of a mechanical system for that two variants are proposed: a rope system and a rigid lever system; both work according to the same principle, although they are structurally different. A preferred embodiment The invention is described with reference to the drawings as follows:

to which they are attached. The rollers IO are with respect to the vertical passage through the axle of the eyelets arranged tangentially, while the rollers 9 tangential to the vertical passage through the Attachment end point to the carrier.

The length of the metal bands or chains is adjusted beforehand to one of the desired positions of the aaoden jacket set corresponding value.

If the anode support is lowered, the position of the jacket remains unchanged, since the length of the tape or the chain is constant.

The rigid lever system consists according to the invention as another embodiment of a group of Levers, anchor bolts and struts similar to that previously described connecting the anode jacket with the anode support, so that the jacket remains in an unchangeable position when the carrier is lowered. Four variants of these lever systems are described and however, the invention claims non-restrictive embodiments.

In Fig. 3, for. B. without restriction schematically the principle of an arrangement for connecting the shell with the carrier explained by simple rigid levers.

Four eyelets 12 are attached to the four corners of the upper edge of the shell 2. Connect anchor bolt 13 the eyelets with four triangular levers 14, which are attached to the anode support 11 by four horizontal

Fig. La and Ib show in elevation and in the plan view 5 ° welded pins 15 rotate. Aspire 16 are on

sees schematically the usual known suspension device;

2a and 2b show, in elevation and in plan view, schematically, an embodiment according to the invention (cable system);

3 to 6a and 6b show schematically further according to the invention in elevation and in plan view, respectively Embodiments (lever system);

Figure 6c is an elevation at right angles to that of Figure 6a;

Fig. 7 shows schematically a detail of FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 on a larger scale.

The drawings relate to an anode with an elongated rectangular cross section with a rounded one one end rotatably attached to the bottom at 17, while at its other ends it is attached to the lower one Tip of the triangular lever 14 are rotatably mounted. The length of the anchor bolts 13 is set to the desired Position of the anode jacket 2 set. If the anode support 11 is lowered, the remains Position of the jacket 2 essentially unchanged. There is only a certain rotation of the bolts, Struts and triangular levers around their pivot points.

6u If the anode support is lowered, the Rods 16 as struts.

example

When lowering the anode support by 400 mm (that

the narrow sides, but the description also applies 65 example is not restricted by the numbers) for rectangular or round anodes. the anode support remains in its position under

With reference to the drawing, the usual turn of a lever system is similar to that previously Suspension of the anode jacket in Fig. 1 schematically described, which has the following dimensions:

Triangle lever 600-535 χ 271.6 mm

Angle between the
Pages 535 / 271,6 ... 90

Strut 16 1330 mm

Bolt 13 500 mm

In practice, the anode jacket can also be made with the assumption of other dimensions for the struts, bolts and Triangle levers are held in place. For larger strokes of the anode carrier, the whole System can easily be redesigned with other dimensions.

The principle of an embodiment according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4 without restriction shown, the attachment for the jacket to the anode support by double rigid levers he follows.

The arrangement is similar to the previous one: instead of the simple triangular lever 14, an arrangement of two levers 18 and 19, which are connected by intermediate links 20, is provided. The levers 18 and 19 are rotatably arranged on the anode support 11 at 21 and 22. As in the previous case, the connection is completed by bolts 13 and struts 16. The length of the bolts 13 is adjusted so that the anode socket remains firmly in the desired position.

If the anode support is lowered, the jacket remains without movement, since the arrangement is such responds that the struts connecting the jacket in the opposite direction to the anode support be moved.

Example 2

With the arrangement explained in FIG. 4 and a stroke of the anode support? front 2nd B. 400 mm the coat remains stationary, e.g. B. with a lever • arrangement the following dimensions:

Struts 16 1061 mm

Intermediate link 20 385 mm

Bolt 13 500 mm

Triangular lever 19 345 κ 250 mm,

Angle = 80 ° 40 'triangle lever 18 250 - 355 mm,

Angle = 90 °

The jacket can also be held in place with differently sized parts. Also at larger strokes of the anode support, the arrangement can easily be redesigned.

Fig. 5 shows schematically (without limitation) an Aiii holding arrangement for the jacket on the anode support, which is particularly useful for very long anodes that are made of consist of double rods connected to each other by a triangular lever and a simple lever, suitable is.

The arrangement has in particular a strut 16; one end is rotatably attached to the floor at 17, and the other end is connected to a triangular lever 23 which revolves around one on the anode support 11 attached pin 24 can rotate. The other end of the lever 23 is connected by means of the spreader 25 connected to the simple lever 26, which is also rotatably arranged by 27 on the anode support 11 is.

The bolts 28 and 29 complete the connection to the jacket. In this case the Coat on four approximately equidistant from each of the two opposite long sides the edge 30 distributed points carried.

Fig. 6 shows schematically (without restriction "a hanging device for the coat on the Anode support by means of an arrangement of rigid levers and fixed translations, which essentially corresponds to the above, but instead of ir. to the anode supports parallel planes in perpendicular adjacent levels are operated.

The arrangement has in particular struts 16. one end rotatable on the ground at 17 and whose the other end is articulated on the outside by a key with levers 32 on four rods 31.

These rods are movably supported on supports 34 fastened to the anode support 11. Bolt 13 connect the reinforced edge of the jacket m> levers 33, which mitein by four rods 31 inside are firmly connected to each other.

As with the previously described arrangements, the arrangement is responsive during lowering of the carrier 11 in such a way that the sheath remains fixed in the predetermined lag <■. The connection types of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 can be used with any type of anode (with rectangular, rectangular with rounded narrow sides and round cross-section).

Depending on the length of the anode and the distance between the anode and the outer side of the furnace wall one or the other of the proposed suspensions will be preferable.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is for ziemli_h short anodes not too far apart from J. »* n Suitable for oven walls.

The designs according to FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 are on best., suitable for long standing or at a large distance from the side wall while the execution 3 for short ones located directly on the wall Anodes is suitable.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 is for all types of anode well suited.

With the embodiments of FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and (■■ the struts connecting the anode cladding with the simple and / or triangular levers can be of a suitable length according to the position of the cladding by means of a threaded end of the bolts 13 or 28 and 29. In a manner corresponding to the chain device according to FIG. 2, the position of the jacket is secured by means of adjustable bolts 13 designed as threads.

An improvement of this connection is illustrated by FIG. The end of the lever is for example attached to the nut of the rod (e.g. 28) by a massive coil spring 35. Will the The anode support 11 is lowered because of the anode burn-off, so the jacket is pulled downwards; the The springs are tensioned and slowly bring the jacket back into the desired position.

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Aufhangvorricütu: g for the anode jacket self-baking anodes, ι, aluminum electrolytic ovens, with the hanging device the anode jacket! holds the anode and the associated suspension support device in the desired position or is intended to lead back into this position during the vertical displacement, thereby marked net that the anode jacket (2) with the anode support (11) by means of a deflection or Articulated members movable mechanical connecting structure over a variable distance connected between the corresponding connecting parts on the jacket and on the carrier is the change of a movement of the carrier with a degree of freedom with respect to corresponds to the unmoved coat, the links of a known type each being constant Have length and the connection point on the jacket via a combination of to the Tie beam-bound deflection or articulation points to a stationary support structure. 2. Suspension device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a mechanical There is a connection structure which has a degree of freedom between the jacket and the anode support (11). 3. Suspension device according to claims ao 1 and 2, characterized in that the connection by means of flexible parts such as metal strips or chains (8) with roller transmission (9, 10). 4. Suspension device according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal strips or -Chains (8) attached to the upper edge of the jacket (2) and rotatable with two eyes (7) pairs of rollers (9, 10) arranged on the anode support are connected. 5. Suspension device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the connection takes place by means of metal rods, some of the same as bolts (13), the others as Struts (16) or vice versa act, one end of the rods on the ground (17), the other end (12) the jacket (2) is rotatably mounted and for each Group a triangular lift] (14) on the anode carrier (11) is articulated. 6. Modified suspension device according to claim 5, characterized in that a pair Triangular levers (18, 19) on the anode support (11) • arranged and by an intermediate link (20) or a strut (16) are interconnected, the levers for each group between the am Bottom and the rotatable rods (21, 22) on the jacket. 7. Modified suspension device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connection between anode support (11) and anode socket (2) is carried out by a group of three metal rods, two of which (28, 29) on the Sheath (2) and one rotatable on the ground (17) and which is secured by a triangular lever (23) or a simple lever (26) are connected, the levers on the anode support being rotatable (24,27) are arranged. 8. Modified suspension device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connection between anode support (11) and anode jacket (2) by metal rods (28, 29) takes place, the operate in planes perpendicular to the anode support, using the simple lever (26) through on the anode support (11) rotatably arranged rods are connected. 9. Modified suspension device according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the connection between the rods rotatably arranged on the jacket (2) and the triangular levers by a spring, preferably a spiral spring (35). Considered publications:
German patent specification No. 924 898. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 209 519/395 3.62