DE112008002082T5 - Compositions for metalworking fluids with an isomerized base oil which has better anti-fogging properties and their preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

Metalworking fluid comprising:
a lubricant base oil having a sequential number of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM; and 0.10 to 10 weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group of metalworking fluid additive package; metal deactivators; Korrosionsschuizmittel; microbicides; Anti-corrosion agents; Extreme pressure agents; Friction inhibitor; Rust inhibitors; polymeric substances; Fire retardants; bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; Chelating agents, such as edetic acid salts; and the same; pH regulators; Wear inhibitors; and mixtures thereof,
wherein the metalworking fluid has a mean mist formation rate of less than 300 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds of onset in an aerosol misting test.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The This invention relates generally to compositions for the Metalworking, which has a lower mist behavior, a lower Foaming tendency and excellent air separation behavior have.

STATE OF THE ART

At the commercial cutting of metal and cutting silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry are working or metalworking fluids used. Metalworking fluids are used as cutting oils, Rolling oils, drawing oils, press oils, forging oils, as abrasive working oils for aluminum discs, abrasive working oils for silicon wafers and as Coolant. In high-speed processing, the require rapid fluid application and recirculation occasionally foam and air entrained, causing undesirable Results. Foaming is undesirable as they cool at the contact zone between the workpiece and tool mitigates and problems with container transport and control. There have been different procedures or strategies realized, with which the foam formation eliminated or diminished such as the addition of one or more antifoaming agents in the manufacture of the product or when the fluid is in use is. The use of one or more foam control agents, such as, for example, silicon-based foam inhibitors but residues on the machined parts, what the subsequent painting of the parts rather difficult. The use of some foam control (s) also worsens the air separation behavior of the metalworking fluid. bad Air separation behavior leads to problems with trapped Air and formation of cavities.

Next There is another problem with the foam problem when using it Of metalworking fluids often occurs, namely the Formation of mist or haze. During the cutting process is a small amount of cutting oil than micro-sized Droplets are thrown into the surrounding air, which is called Mist designates. Workers nearby are exposed to the fog and, unless they carry a respirator, may be a part of the mist into the lungs of the workers. In the prior art Although metal cutting fluids are indispensable for metal forming and processing, however, they are currently under closer scrutiny because exposing workers to potential hazardous substances are.

in the The prior art has been tried with various additives which To reduce fogging tendency, with, inter alia, small amounts at least one of the following substances has been used: polyisobutene, Poly-n-butene and mixtures thereof, having a viscosity-averaged Molecular weight of 0.3 to 10 million. Ramzan gum, hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, styrene or hydrophobic hydrocarbon-substituted ones Styrenic monomers and hydrophilic monomers are among others to the additives proposed to reduce fogging were. Some of the previous metal cutting fluids among their additives lead to their disposal also to environmental problems. It gives a general consensus that safer and more environmentally friendly metalworking fluids needed become.

The new reforming processes have a new class of oils such as the Fischer-Tropsch base oil (FTBO), where the oil, fraction or feed comes from one stage of the Fischer-Tropsch process or there is produced. The feed for a Fischer-Tropsch process can come from a variety of hydrocarbon sources, including Biomass, natural gas, coal, shale oil, crude oil, municipal waste, Derivatives of these and mixtures thereof. One in the Fischer-Tropsch process manufactured crude product can be refined to products, such as Diesel oil, naphtha, wax and other liquid petroleum or special products. The following patents and patent applications US2006 / 0289337, US2006 / 0201851, US2006 / 0016721, US2006 / 0016724, US2006 / 0076267, US2006 / 020185, US2006 / 013210, US2005 / 0241990, US2005 / 0077208, US2005 / 0139513, US2005 / 0139514, US2005 / 0133409, US2005 / 0133407, US2005 / 0261147, US2005 / 0261146, US2005 / 0261145, US2004 / 0159582, US7018525, US7083713, US SN 11/400570, USSN 11/535165 and USSSN 11/613936 are incorporated herein by reference. she describe the recovery of an isomerized base oil from a process in which the feed is the waxy feed which is obtained in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The Method involves complete or partial dewaxing Hydroisomerization, wherein a bifunctional catalyst or a catalyst is used which selectively isomerizes paraffins can. The hydroisomerization dewaxing is done by passing the waxy feed with a hydroisomerization catalyst in an isomerization zone under hydroisomerization conditions brings together.

It There is a need for a better metalworking fluid with less Mist and foaming tendency as well as better air separation behavior than in the conventional compositions. It exists also a need for an environmentally friendly metalworking fluid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, a metalworking fluid is provided comprising a lubricant base oil having a contiguous number of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM; and 0.10 to 10 weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group of metalworking fluid additive package; metal deactivators; Corrosion inhibitors; microbicides; Anti-corrosion agents; Extreme pressure agents; friction-; Rust inhibitors; Polymer substances; Fire retardants; bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; Chelating agents such as edetic acid salts, and the like; pH regulators; Wear inhibitors; and mixtures thereof; and wherein the metalworking fluid has a mean mist formation rate of less than 300 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds of starting in an aerosol mist formation test. In another embodiment, the metalworking fluid has a mean mist formation rate of less than 150 mg / mm ³ in the first 60 seconds of the test.

Another aspect relates to a method of reducing mist formation from a metalworking fluid, the method comprising: mixing a composition comprising a lubricant base oil having a contiguous number of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM; and 0.10 to 10 weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group of metalworking fluid additive package; metal deactivators; Corrosion inhibitors; microbicides; Anti-corrosion agents; Extreme pressure agents; Friction inhibitor; Rust inhibitors; polymeric substances; Fire retardants: bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; Chelating agents, such as edetic acid salts; and the same; pH regulators; Wear inhibitors; and mixtures thereof; and wherein the metalworking fluid has a mean mist formation rate of less than 300 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds after the start of the aerosol misting test.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It shows:

1 to 3 Curves of the mist formation rates in Examples 7 to 13 with an aerosol mist formation test.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following Terms are used in the description and have, if not otherwise stated, then the following meanings.

Of the Term "metalworking fluid" as used here can be used interchangeably with the terms "metalworking composition", "metal removal fluid", "cutting fluid", Processing fluid ", and stands for a composition industrial metal cutting, metal forming, metal protection, Metal treatment, metal grinding or in the Semiconductor industry can be used, the shape of the finished Article, for example silicon wafer or machine part, with or without gradual removal of metal or silicon can be obtained. Metalworking fluids are among others Functions used for cooling and lubricating.

"Out originating from the Fischer-Tropsch process "means that the product, the fraction or the charge from a stage of the Fischer-Tropsch process originates or is produced there. As Used here, "Fischer Tropsch Base Oil" can be interchangeable can be used with "FT base oil", "FTBO", "GTL Base oil "(GTL: gas-to-liquid), or" off the Fischer-Tropsch process derived base oil ".

As used herein is "isomerized base oil for a base oil obtained by isomerization of a waxy Charge is received.

As used herein, a "waxy feed" comprises at least 40 weight percent n-paraffins. In one embodiment, the waxy feed comprises more than 50% by weight of n-paraffins. In another embodiment, the waxy feed comprises more than 75% by weight of n-paraffins. In one embodiment, the waxy feed also contains very low levels Nitrogen and sulfur, for example, less than a total of 25 ppm of nitrogen and sulfur together, or less than 20 ppm in other embodiments. Examples of waxy feeds include slack wax, deoiled slack wax, refined lag oils, wax lubricant raffinates, n-paraffin waxes, NAO waxes, waxes made in chemical plant processes, waxes derived from deoiled petroleum, microcrystalline waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes , and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the waxy feeds have a pour point greater than 50 ° C. In another embodiment it is greater than 60 ° C.

"Kinematic viscosity" is a measurement of the flow resistance of a fluid under gravity in mm ² / s, determined by ASTM D445-06. n

"Viscosity index" (VI) is an empirical, unitless number that indicates the effect of temperature change on the kinematic viscosity of the oil. The higher the VI of an oil, the lower its desire to change viscosity with temperature. The viscosity index is determined according to ASTM D 2270-04 measured.

The apparent cold start viscosity simulator (CCS VIS) is a measurement in millipascal seconds, mPa.s, which measures the viscometric properties of low temperature, high shear lubricant base oils. CCS VIS is using ASTM D 5293-04 certainly.

The boiling range distribution of base oil in weight percent is determined by simulated distillation (SIMDIS) according to ASTM D 6352-04 , "Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 to 700 ° C by Gas Chromatography".

"Noack volatility" is defined as the mass of oil, expressed as a percentage by weight, that is lost when the oil is heated at 250 ° C with a constant stream of air flowing through it for 60 min ASTM D5800-05 Method B is measured.

The Brookfieldt viscosity is used to determine the internal fluid friction of a lubricant during cold start operation ASTM D 2983-04 can be measured.

"Pour point" is a temperature measurement at which a base oil sample begins to flow under certain carefully controlled conditions, according to ASTM D 5950-02 can be determined.

"Autoignition temperature" is the temperature at which a fluid ignites spontaneously on contact with air itself, according to ASTM 659-78 can be determined.

"Ln" stands for the natural logarithm base "e."

"Traction coefficient" is an indicator of intrinsic lubricant properties, expressed as the dimensionless ratio of frictional force F and normal force N, where friction is the mechanical force resisting movement or hindering movement between sliding or rolling surfaces. The traction coefficient can be measured with an MTM traction measuring system from PCS Instruments, Ltd. with a polished ball of 19 mm diameter ( SAE AISI 52100 steel ), which is angled at 220, to a polished flat disc 46 mm in diameter ( SAE AISI 52100 steel ) measure up. Steel ball and disc are independently measured with 3 m / s mean rolling speed, 40% sliding / rolling ratio and 20 Newton load. The rolling ratio is defined as the difference between the sliding speed between the ball and the wheel, divided by the average speed of the ball and the wheel, ie rolling ratio = (Geschw.1 - Geschw.2) / ((Geschw.1 + Geschw.2) - / 2 ).

As used herein, "continuous number of carbon atoms" means that the base oil contains hydrocarbon molecules whose number of carbon atoms is distributed over a range that also includes any number of carbon atom numbers between the specified limits. For example, the base oil may have hydrocarbon molecules in the range of C22 to C36 or C30 to C60 with any number of carbon atoms therebetween. The hydrocarbon molecules of the base oil differ from each other by the consecutive number of carbon atoms, since the waxy feed also has consecutive numbers of carbon atoms. For example, in the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reaction, the source of carbon atoms is CO and the hydrocarbon molecules are built one carbon atom after another. Crude wax derived feeds have consecutive numbers of carbon atoms. Unlike an oil based on polyalphaolefin ("PAO") the molecules of an isomerized base oil have a more linear structure and comprise a relatively long framework with short branches. The classical textbook description of a PAO is a star-shaped molecule, and in particular tridecane is represented as three decane molecules that are linked together at a central point. Although a star-shaped molecule is theoretical, the PAO molecules nevertheless have fewer and longer branches than the hydrocarbon molecules that make up the base oil disclosed herein.

"molecules with cycloparaffin functionality "stands for every molecule that is monocyclic or condensed is a multicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group or as one or more substituents.

"molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality "stands for every molecule that has a monocyclic saturated Hydrocarbon group having 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms or for a molecule that uses a single monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group with 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms is substituted.

"molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality "stands for every molecule that has a condensed multicyclic saturated Hydrocarbon ring group with two or more condensed Wrestling is every molecule that works with one or more condensed multicyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring groups is condensed by two or more condensed rings, or every molecule that is saturated with more than one monocyclic Hydrocarbon group substituted with 3 to 7 carbon atoms is.

molecules with cycloparaffin functionality, molecules with Monocycloparaffin functionality and molecules with Multicycloparaffin functionality is described as Percent by weight and are determined by a combination of field ionization mass spectroscopy (FIMS), HPLC-UV for aromatics, and proton NMR for Olefins, which is further fully described here.

Oxidizer BN measures the reaction of a lubricating oil in a simulated application. High values or long times for the adsorption of one liter of oxygen show good stability. Oxidizer BN can be measured with an oxygen absorber after Dornte (RW Dornte "Oxidation of White Oils," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 28, page 26, 1936) , Under 1 atmosphere of pure oxygen at 340 ° F, the time for absorption of 1000 ml of O ₂ by 100 g of oil is described. In the oxidizer BN test, 0.8 ml of catalyst per 100 g of oil is used. The catalyst is a mixture of soluble metal naphthenates that simulates the average metal analysis of used engine casing oil. The additive package is 80 milliliters of zinc bis-polypropylenephenyl dithiophosphate per 100 grams of oil.

Molecular characterizations can be performed using prior art techniques including field ionization mass spectroscopy (FIMS) and ndM analysis ( ASTM D 3238-95 (2005 approved again) ). In FIMS, the base oil is characterized as alkanes and molecules with different numbers of unsaturations. The molecules having various numbers of unsaturations include, for example, cycloparaffins, olefins and aromatics. If aromatics are present in significant quantities, they can be identified as 4-unsaturations. If olefins are present in significant amounts, they can be identified as 1-unsaturations. The sum of 1-unsaturation, 2-unsaturation, 3-unsaturation, 4-unsaturation, 5-unsaturation and 6-unsaturation from the FIMS analysis minus the weight percent olefins by proton NMR and minus the weight percent aromatics according to HPLC-UV gives the Total percent by weight of molecules with cycloparaffin functionality. If the aromatics content was not measured, it was probably less than 0.1% by weight and was not included in the calculation for the total weight percent of the cycloparaffin functionality molecules. The total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffin functionality is the sum of the weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality and the weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality.

The molecular weights are determined according to ASTM D2503-92 (re-approved in 2002) certainly. The method uses the thermoelectric measurement of the vapor pressure (VPO). If the sample volume is insufficient, an alternative method of ASTM D2502-04 use; and if used, this is indicated.

The density will be according to ASTM D4052-96 (re-approved in 2002) certainly. The sample is admitted into an oscillating sample tube, and the change in the oscillation frequency caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used together with the calibration data to determine the density of the sample.

The weight percent of olefins can be determined by proton NMR according to the steps given here. In most assays, the olefins are conventional olefins, ie, a distributed mixture of such olefin types in which hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbon atoms of the double bond, such as: alpha-vinylidene, cis, trans, and tri-substituted with a detectable allyl - to olefin-to-integral ratio between 1 and 2.5. If this ratio exceeds 3, it indicates a higher percentage of tri- or tetra-substituted olefins present, so that other assumptions in the field of analysis can be made to calculate the number of double bonds in the sample. The steps are as follows: A) Prepare a solution of 5-10% test hydrocarbon in deuterochloroform. B) recording a normal proton spectrum of at least 12 ppm spectral width and accurately plotting the axis of chemical shift (ppm), the device having such a large signal range that a signal is obtained without overloading the receiver / ADC, for example if a 30 ° pulse, the device has a minimum dynamic signal digitization range of 65,000. In one embodiment, the device has a dynamic range of at least 260000. C) measuring integral intensities between: 6.0-4.5 ppm (olefin); 2.2-1.9 ppm (allyl); and 1.9-0.5 ppm (saturated). D) using the molecular weight of the test substance, determined according to ASTM D 2503-92 (re-approved in 2002) , Calculate: 1. the mean molecular formula of the saturated hydrocarbons; 2. the average molecular formula of olefins; 3. the total integral intensity (= sum of all integral intensities); 4. the integral intensity per sample hydrogen (= total integral / number of hydrogen atoms in the formula); 5. the number of olefin hydrogen atoms (= olefin integral / integral per hydrogen); 6. the number of double bonds (= olefin-hydrogen × hydrogens in the olefin formula / 2); and 7. the weight percent olefins by proton NMR = 100 × number of double bonds × number of hydrogen atoms in a conventional olefin molecule divided by the number of hydrogen atoms in a conventional test substance molecule. In this test, the weight percent olefins work well, according to proton NMR calculation method D, when the result of the% olefins is low, ie less than 15 weight percent.

The Weight percent aromatics in one embodiment may be measured by HPLC-UV. In one embodiment The test is performed on a Hewlett Packard 1050 Series Quaternary Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) System, coupled with an HP 1050 diode array UV-Vis detector attached to an HP Chem Station is connected. The identification of the individual Aromatic classes in the highly saturated base oil can be made on the basis of the UV spectral pattern and the elution time become. The amino acid used for this analysis is used, distinguishes aromatic molecules predominantly based on their ring number (or double bond number). Thus elute followed by the molecules with a single-ring aromatic first from the polycyclic aromatics, in order of increasing Number of double bonds per molecule. For aromatics with similar double-bond character elute those which have only one alkyl substitution on the ring, earlier as such with a naphthenic substitution. A unique one Identification of the various aromatic base oil hydrocarbons from their UV absorption spectra can be accomplished, wherein one recognizes that their maximum electron transitions all are shifted to red, compared to the pure model-compound analogues, to an extent that depends on the amount of alkyl or naphthenic substitution on the ring system. The quantification The eluting aromatic compounds can be incorporated by integration are made of chromatograms consisting of wavelengths created for each general class of connections the appropriate retention time window for this aromatic be optimized. The limits of the retention time window for each class of aromatics can be determined by taking the individual absorption spectra of the manually evaluated eluting compounds at different times and they are based on their qualitative similarity to model compound absorption spectra of the appropriate aromatic class be assigned.

HPLC-UV Calibration. In one embodiment, HPLC-UV can be used for Identification of classes of aromatic compounds even at very low levels are used, for example, multi-ring aromatics absorb usually 10 to 200 times stronger than single ring aromatics. The alkyl substitution affects the absorption 20%. The integration limits for the co-eluting 1-ring and 2-ring aromatics at 272 nm can be generated by the Perpendicular drop methods are created. Wavelength-dependent Reaction factors for each general aromatics class can first determined by creating plots after Beer's Law of pure model compound mixtures, based on the next spectral peak absorptions to the substituted ones Aromatics analogues. Weight percent concentrations of aromatics can calculated by assuming that the average molecular weight for each aromatic class approximately equal to the middle one Molecular weight for the whole oil sample is.

NMR analysis. In one embodiment, the weight percent of all molecules having at least one aromatic function in the purified monoaromatic standard can be determined by long-term coals substance 13NMR analysis. The NMR results can be derived from the% aromatic carbon to the% aromatic molecules (which must agree with HPLC-UV and D 2007), given that 95-99% of the aromatics in highly saturated base oils are single ring aromatics. In another test for accurately measuring low levels of all molecules having at least one aromatic function by NMR, the Standard D 5292-99 (re-approved in 2004) Methods are modified such that a minimum carbon sensitivity of 500: 1 (according to ASTM standard practice E 386 ) with a 15-hr. continuous run on a 400-500 MHz NMR with a 10-12 mm Nalorac probe. Acorn PC integration software can be used to define the shape of the baseline and unified integration.

The extent of branching affects the number of alkyl branches in hydrocarbons. The branching and branching position can be determined by carbon-13 ( ¹³ C) NMR according to the following nine-step procedure: 1) identify the CH branching centers and CH ₃ branch termination points with the DEPT pulse sequence ( Doddrell, DT; DT Pegg; MR Bendall, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 1982, 48, 323ff ). 2) verifying the absence of carbon atoms that initialize multiple branches (quaternary carbon atoms) with the APT pulse sequence ( Patt, SL; JN Shoolery, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 1982, 46, 535ff. ). 3) Assign the various branch carbon resonances to specific branch positions and lengths using tabulated and calculated prior art values ( Lindeman, LP, Journal of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry 43, 1971 1245ff ; Netzel, DA, et al., Fuel, 60, 1981, 307ff ). 4) Estimate the relative branching density at various carbon positions by comparing the integrated intensity of the specific carbon of the methyl / alkyl group with the intensity of a single carbon atom (equal to the total integral / number of carbon atoms per molecule in the mixture). For the 2-methyl branch where both the terminal and the branch methyl occur at the same resonance position, the intensity is divided by 2 before estimating the branching density. When the 4-methyl branching fraction is calculated and tabulated, its contribution to the 4+ methylene is subtracted so that a double count is bypassed, 5) calculating the average carbon number. The average carbon number is determined by dividing the molecular weight of the sample by 14 (the formula weight of CH ₂ ). 6) The number of branches per molecule is the sum of the branches obtained in step 4. 7) The number of alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms is calculated from the number of branches per molecule (step 6) x 100 / average carbon number. 8) Estimate the branch number (BI) by ¹ H NMR analysis, which is illustrated as a percentage of methyl hydrogen (chemical shift range 0.6-1.05 ppm) of total hydrogen as determined by NMR in the liquid hydrocarbon Composition is estimated. 9) Estimation of the branching neighborhood (BP) by ¹³ C NMR, which is illustrated as a percentage of repeating methylene carbon atoms - 4 or more carbon atoms away from the end group or branch (exemplified by an NMR signal at 29.9 ppm) of the total carbon atoms as determined by NMR in the liquid hydrocarbon composition. The measurements can be made with any Fourier transform NMR spectrometer having, for example, a 7.0 T magnet or more. After verification by Mass Spectrometry, UV or an NMR survey that aromatic carbons are missing, the spectral width for the ¹³ C NMR studies in the area of the saturated carbon may, 0-80 ppm vs. TMS (tetramethylsilane) are restricted. Solutions of 25-50% by weight in chloroform-d1 are excited by 30 ° pulses, followed by a 1.3 second (sec) recording time. In order to minimize non-uniform intensity data, broadband proton reverse gate decoupling is used during a 6 sec delay before the excitation pulse and during recording. The samples are doped with 0.03 to 0.05 M Cr (acac) ₃ (tris (acetylacetonato) chromium (III)) as a relaxation agent, so that in any case complete intensities are observed. The DEPT and APT sequences can be performed as described in the literature with minor modifications described in the Varian or Bruker manuals. DEPT is Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer. The DEPT 45 sequence gives a signal of all carbon atoms bound to protons. DEPT 90 shows only CH carbon atoms. DEPT 135 shows CH and _CH3 ascending and _CH2 180 degrees out of phase (high to low). APT is the bound proton test known in the art. This allows all carbon atoms to be seen, but with increasing CH and CH ₃ , quaternary carbon atoms and CH _{2 are} descending. The branching properties of the sample can be determined by ¹³ C NMR, assuming in the calculations that the whole sample is isoparaffinic. The content of unsaturations can be measured by field ionization mass spectroscopy (FIMS).

In One embodiment includes the metalworking fluid a number of components, for example optional components in a base oil matrix.

Base oil matrix component: In one embodiment, the base oil or comprises the mixtures thereof, which form the matrix, at least one isomerized Base oil, the product itself, its fraction or Charge from one stage by isomerization of a waxy Feed from a Fischer-Tropsch process ("from the Fischer-Tropsch process derived base oils ") originates or is produced in this. In a further embodiment For example, the base oil comprises at least one isomerized base oil which from a substantially paraffinic wax feed ("waxy Feed ") is produced. In a third embodiment the base oil consists essentially of at least one isomerized base oil.

Base oils derived from the Fischer-Tropsch process are disclosed in a number of patent publications, such as US Pat. No. 6080301 . 6090989 and 6165949 , and US patent publication no. US2004 / 0079678A1 . US20050133409 . US20060289337 , The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted to liquid hydrocarbons of various forms, including a light product and a waxy reaction product, each being substantially paraffinic.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM. In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil prepared from a waxy feed has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C between 1.5 and 3.5 mm ² / s.

In In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil is used produced by a process in which hydroisomerization dewaxing carried out under such conditions that a base oil comprising: a) percent by weight of all molecules having at least one aromatic functionality less than 0.30; b) percent by weight of all molecules with at least a cycloparaffin functionality greater 10; c) a ratio of the weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality to the weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 20 and d) a viscosity index greater than 28 × Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) + 80.

In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil is prepared from a process in which the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized with a medium pore size, shape selective molecular sieve having a noble metal hydrogenation component and under conditions of 600-750 ° F (315-399 ° C) , In the process, the hydroisomerization conditions are controlled such that in the wax feed the conversion of the compounds boiling above 700 ° F (371 ° C) to compounds boiling below 700 ° F (371 ° C) is between 10% and 50% Weight percent is maintained. A resulting isomerized base oil has between 1.0 and 3.5 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C and less than 50 weight percent Noack volatility. The base oil comprises more than 3 weight percent molecules with cycloparaffin functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a Noack volatility that is less than the amount that results from the equation: 1000 × (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) ^-2.7 . In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a Noack volatility that is less than the amount that results from the equation: 900 × (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) ^-2.8 . In a third embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of> 1.808 mm ² / s and a Noack volatility lower than the amount resulting from the equation: 1.286 + 20 (kv100) ^{-1 , 5} + 551.8 e ^-kv100 where kv100 is the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. In a fourth embodiment, the isomerized base oil has less than 4.0 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, and between 0 and 100 weight percent Noack volatility. In a fifth embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity between 1.5 and 4.0 mm ² / s and a Noack volatility that is less than the Noack volatility, which is calculated by the following equation: 160-40 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C).

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C in the range of 2.4 and 3.8 mm ² / s and a Noack volatility that is less than the amount defined by the following equation: 900 × (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) ^-2.8-15 ). For kinematic viscosities in the range of 2.4 and 3.8 mm ² / s, the equation: 900 × (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° ^C. ) ^-2.8-15 ) ^gives a lower Noack volatility than the equation: 160-40 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.)

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil is prepared from a process in which the high-wax wax is hydroisomerized under conditions such that the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of 3.6 to 4.2 mm ² / s, a viscosity index greater than 130 , less than 12 weight percent Noack volatility, and has a pour point of less -9 ° C.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has an autoignition temperature (AIT) that is greater than the AIT defined by the following equation: AIT in ° C = 1.6 × (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, in mm ² / s In a second embodiment, the base oil has an AIT greater than 329 ° C and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, in mm ² / s) + 100.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a relatively low traction coefficient, its traction coefficient is specifically smaller than that calculated by the following equation: traction coefficient = 0.009 × Ln (kinematic viscosity in mm ² / s) - 0.001, the kinematic viscosity in the equation is the kinematic viscosity during the traction coefficient measurement and is between 2 and 50 mm ² / s. In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a traction coefficient of less than 0.023 (or less than 0.021) when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm ² / s and a slip-roll ratio of 40%. In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a traction coefficient of less than 0.017 when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm ² / s and a slip-roll ratio of 40%. In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a viscosity index greater than 150 and a traction coefficient less than 0.015, when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm ² / s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%.

In some embodiments, the low traction coefficient isomerized base oil also exhibits higher kinematic viscosity and higher boiling points. In one embodiment, the base oil has a traction coefficient less than 0.015, and a 50 weight percent boiling point greater than 565 ° C (1050 ° F). In a further embodiment, the base oil has a traction coefficient less than 0.011 and a 50 weight percent boiling point according to ASTM D 6352-04 greater than 582 ° C (1080 ° F).

In some embodiments, the low traction coefficient isomerized base oil also exhibits unique branching properties according to NMR such as a branching index less than or equal to 23.4, a branching neighborhood greater than 22.0, and a free carbon index between 9 and 30. In one embodiment, the base oil has at least 4 weight percent naphthenic carbon, in another embodiment at least 5 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM analysis ASTM D 3238-95 (2005 approved again) ,

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil is prepared in a process wherein the intermediate oil isomerate comprises paraffinic hydrocarbon components, and wherein the extent of branching is less than 7 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms, and wherein the base oil comprises paraffinic hydrocarbon components wherein the Extent of branching is less than 8 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms and less than 20 weight percent is at the 2-position. In one embodiment, the FT base oil has a pour point of less than -8 ° C; at least 3.2 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C; and a viscosity index greater than the viscosity index calculated by the following equation: = 22 × Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) + 132.

In In one embodiment, the base oil comprises more as 10 weight percent and less than 70 weight percent total molecules with cycloparaffin functionality and a ratio the weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality to the weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 15.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil has an average molecular weight between 600 and 1100, and an average degree of branching in the molecules between 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity between about 8 and about 25 mm ² / s and an average degree of branching in the molecules between 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil is obtained from a process in which the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized at a hydrogen feed ratio from 712.4 to 3562 liter _H2 / liter oil, so that the base oil has a total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic Functionality greater than 10, and a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality to the weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 15 receives. In another embodiment, the base oil has a viscosity index greater than the amount defined by the following equation: 28 × Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.) + 95. In a third embodiment, the base oil comprises less than zero , 30% by weight aromatics; more than 10 percent by weight molecules with cyclopa raffin functionality; a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffin functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 20; and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C) + 110. In a fourth embodiment, the base oil also has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 6 mm ² / s. In a fifth embodiment, the base oil has less than 0.05 weight percent aromatics and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C) + 95. In a sixth embodiment, the base oil has less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, weight percent molecules a cycloparaffin functionality greater than the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, in mm ² / s, multiplied by 3, and a ratio of molecules having monocycloparaffin functionality to molecules having multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 15.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil contains between 2 and 10% naphthenic carbon, measured according to ndM. In one embodiment, the base oil has 1.5-3.0 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C and 2-3% naphthenic carbon. In another embodiment, 1.8-3.5 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C and 2.5-4% naphthenic carbon. In a third embodiment, 3-6 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C and 2.7-5% naphthenic carbon. In a fourth embodiment 10-30 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity of at 100 ° C and more than 5.2% naphthenic carbon.

In One embodiment has the isomerized base oil an average molecular weight greater than 475; one Viscosity index greater than 140, and less as 10 weight percent olefins. The base oil improved the air separation and the low-foaming properties of the mixture when incorporated into the metalworking fluid becomes.

In one embodiment, the isomerized base oil is an FT base oil having 2 mm ² / s to 6 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C; 7 mm ² / s to 20 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C; CCS viscosity less than 2300 mPa.s at -35 ° C; Pour point in the range of -20 and -40 ° C; Molecular weight of 300-500; Density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 93-97%; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; Oxidizer BN from 30 to 60 hours; and 8 to 20 weight percent Noack volatility, measured after ASTM D5800-05 Method B.

In another antineoplastic performance embodiment, the isomerized base oil is an FT base oil with "light" viscosity and 2 mm ² / s to 3 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C; 7 mm ² / s to 25 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C; a viscosity index of 120-150; a pour point in the range of -20 and -50 ° C; a molecular weight of 300-500; a density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 92-97%; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; Oxidizer BN from 30 to 60 hours; and 8 to 60 weight percent Noack volatility, measured after ASTM D5800-05 Method B. In another embodiment, the isomerized base oil is an FT base oil having a viscosity in the "medium" range, 5 mm ² / s to 7 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C; 25 mm ² / s to 50 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C; a viscosity index of 140-160; a pour point in the range of -15 and -25 ° C; Molecular weight of 450-550; a density in the range of 0.820 to 0.830; paraffinic carbon in the range of 90-95%. In a third embodiment, the base oil comprises a mixture of FT base oils with viscosities in the "light" and "medium" range.

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid employs at least one of the isomerized base oils described above. In another embodiment, the composition consists essentially of a Fischer-Tropsch base oil. In another embodiment, the metalworking fluid employs at least one isomerized base oil as the base oil matrix and optionally from 5 to 95 weight percent of at least one other type of oil, for example, lubricant base oils selected from Group I, II, III, IV, lubricant lubricants, as defined in the API Interchange Guidelines, and mixtures thereof. In a fourth embodiment, the metalworking fluid employs an isomerized base oil and 5 to 20 weight percent of at least one other type of oil. Examples include conventionally used mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbon oils or synthetic ester oils or mixtures thereof, depending on the application. Mineral lubricating base stocks can be, for example, any conventionally refined starting materials derived from paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed base stocks. Synthetic lubricating oils that can be used include esters of glycols and complex esters. Other synthetic oils that can be used include synthetic hydrocarbons, such as polyalphaolefins; Alkylbenzenes, for example alkylate trailing fractions from the alkylation of benzene with tetrapropylene, or the copolymers of ethylene and propylene; Silicone oils, for example, ethylphenylpolysiloxanes, methylpolysiloxanes, etc., polyglycol oils, for example, those obtained by condensing butyl alcohol with propylene oxide; etc. Other suitable synthetic oils include the polyphenyl ethers For example, those having 3 to 7 ether bonds and 4 to 8 phenyl groups. Other suitable synthetic oils include polyisobutenes and alkylated aromatics such as alkylated naphthalenes.

Further Components: The metalworking fluid in one embodiment is characterized in that it has a reduced mist formation, lower foaming tendency and better air separation behavior compared to prior art compositions. Depending on the applications, for example, bright oils (pure oils) or soluble oils, may be the metalworking fluid suitable additives which in the prior art, the properties of Composition known to improve, in amounts ranging from Use 0.10 to 10 weight percent. These additives include metal deactivators; Corrosion inhibitors; microbicides; Anti-corrosion agents; Extreme pressure agents; Friction inhibitor; Rust inhibitors; polymeric substances; Fire retardant: bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; Chelating agents, such as edetic acid salts; and the same; pH regulators; Wear inhibitors, such as wear-inhibiting active sulfur additive packages and the same; a metalworking fluid additive package, the contains at least one of the aforementioned additives.

In Various embodiments are required in the state of Technique of a metalworking fluid neither Antinebel additives (fog control agent or Antinebelmittel) still foaming inhibitor to add which consists essentially of the base oil matrix comprising the isomerized base oil and at least one other additive as an anti-fogging / foaming inhibitor. In other embodiments and, depending on the end use applications, if necessary small amounts of additives, such as anti-fogging agents in an amount in the range from 0.05 to 5.0 volume percent in one embodiment and less than 1 weight percent in other embodiments be added. Non-restrictive examples include Ramsangummi, hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, styrene or hydrocarbon-substituted hydrophobic Styrenic monomers and hydrophilic monomers, oil-soluble organic polymers whose molecular weight (viscosity-averaged Molecular weight) ranges from about 0.3 to about 4 million, such as isobutylene, styrene, alkylmethacrylate, ethylene, propylene, n-butylenevinylacetate, etc. In one embodiment, polymethylmethacrylate or poly (ethylene, propylene, butylene or isobutylene) in the molecular weight range used from 1 to 3 million.

In some embodiments and for certain applications, a small amount of antifoaming agent may also be added to the composition in an amount of 0.05 to 15.0 weight percent in the prior art. Non-limiting examples include polydimethylsiloxanes often having a trimethylsilylterminus, alkylpolymethacrylates, polymethylsiloxanes, a long chain acyl group N-acylamino acid and / or a salt thereof, a long chain alkyl group N-alkylamino acid and / or a salt thereof used together is reacted with an alkylalkylene oxide and / or an acylalkylene oxide, acetylenediols and ethoxylated acetylenediols, silicones, hydrophobic materials (for example silica), fatty amides, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and / or organic polymers, modified siloxanes, polyglycols, esterified or modified polyglycols, polyacrylates, fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, oxoalcohols, fluorosurfactants, waxes such as ethylenebistereamide wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ethylene bisamide amide wax, and paraffin wax, ureum. The antifoaming agents can be used with suitable dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Other active antifoaming agents are described in Foam Control Agents, by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162 ,

In Various embodiments include the metalworking fluid also anti-friction agents, such as overbased sulfonates, sulfurized olefins, chlorinated paraffins and olefins, sulfurized Esterolefins, amine-terminated polyglycols and sodium dioctyl phosphate salts. In another embodiment, the composition comprises In addition, corrosion inhibitors, such as, inter alia, carboxylic acid / boric acid-diamine salts, Carboxylic acid amine salts, alkanolamines, alkanolamine borates and the same.

In various embodiments, the metalworking fluid further comprises oil-soluble metal deactivators in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 volume percent (based on the volume of the finished oil). Non-limiting examples include triazoles or thiadiazoles, specifically aryltriazoles such as benzotriazole and tolyltriazole, alkyl derivatives of these triazoles and benzothiadiazoles such as R (C ₆ H ₃ ) N ₂ S wherein R is H or C ₁ to C ₁₀ alkyl. Suitable materials are available from Ciba Geigy under the trade names Irgamet and Reomet or from Vanderbilt Chemical Corporation under the trade name Vanlube.

In one embodiment, for example, where the composition serves the dual purpose of cutting fluid and engine lubricating oil, a small amount of at least one antioxidant may be added in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 weight percent. Non-limiting examples include amine or phenolic type antioxidants or mixtures thereof, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), bis-2,6-di-t-butylphenol derivatives, sulfur-containing hindered phenols, and sulfur-containing hindered bisphenol.

In One embodiment includes the metalworking fluid also 0.1 to 20 weight percent of at least one extreme pressure agent. Non-limiting examples of extreme pressure agents include zinc dithiophosphate, molybdenum oxysulfide dithiophosphate, Molybdenum oxysulfide thithiocarbamate, molybdenamine compounds, sulfurized oils and fats, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, Thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, dialkyl thiodipropionates and the like.

Next The above additives may be various other conventional ones Additives are added, to the extent that they do not inhibit the effects of the metalworking fluid. Examples include Fatty acids and their salts; polyhydric alcohols, such as, propylene glycol, Glycerol, butylene glycol, and the like; surfactants Agents, such as anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants Means, and the like; and boron nitride contained in a dispersant, as dispersed in a surfactant.

Production method: The optional additives used to formulate the metalworking fluid composition can be used individually or in different Subcombinations are mixed in the base oil matrix. In one embodiment, all components become simultaneous mixed with an additive concentrate (i.e., additives and a diluent, like a hydrocarbon solvent). The usage of an additive concentrate benefits from mutual compatibility, which is achieved by combining the ingredients, if it is is in the form of an additive concentrate.

In Another embodiment is the metalworking fluid for use as a blank oil cutting fluid produced by Mixing the base oil matrix with the optional additives and / or additive package (s) at a suitable temperature, such as about 60 ° C until homogenous. In another Embodiment, the emulsifiers to the Metalworking fluid are added, giving an oil-in-water emulsion receives.

Properties: In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid composition is characterized by having reduced misting, low foaming tendency, and excellent air separation performance. The foaming tendency of the metalworking fluid may be with the ASTM D892-95 Foam test are measured. In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid when evaluated with the ASTM D892-06 Procedure less than 50 ml foam height at Sequence II foaming tendency. In another embodiment, the metalworking fluid exhibits less than 40 ml sequence II foam height. In a third embodiment, it exhibits less than 30 ml of sequence II foam height. In a fifth embodiment, the sequence II foam height is less than 20 ml. In a sixth embodiment, no foam height can be measured (0 ml).

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid detects less than 100 ml of Sequence I foaming tendency ASTM D 892-03 , In another embodiment, the fluid has less than 50 ml sequence I foaming tendency. In a third embodiment, it has less than 30 ml of Sequence I foaming tendency.

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid has a number of minutes to 3 ml of emulsion at 54 ° C according to ASTM D 1401-02 less than or equal to 30. In another embodiment, the fluid has a number of minutes to 3 ml of emulsion at 82 ° C after ASTM D 1401-02 less than 60

The air separation behavior can with the ASTM D 3427 (2003) Procedure and the Gasblasenabscheidezeit be examined from the petroleum oil. It measures how well the fluid can separate entrained gas. In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid has less than 0.60 minutes of air separation time at 50 ° C as measured according to FIG ASTM D 3427 (2003) , In a second embodiment, it has less than ½ minute air separation time.

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid has a reduced misting property and imparts to the fluid aerosol control or particle control, for example, with 5 to 50% mist reduction as compared to prior art metalworking fluids containing Group I base oil. Mist reduction experiments may be similar to the aerosol (fog) formation assay as described in U.S. Pat "Polymer Additives as Mist Suppressants in Metal Cutting Fluids," by Marano et al., Journal of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, Oct. 1995, pp. 25-35 to be measured. In one embodiment, without any addition of anti-loading additives, the metalworking fluid has a mean mist formation rate of less than 300 mg / mm ³ in the first 30 seconds (after the onset) of the aerosol mist formation test. In another embodiment, the metalworking fluid without any fog additive has a mean mist formation rate of less than 250 mg / mm ³ in the first 30 seconds of the aerosol mist formation test. In a third embodiment, the mean mist formation rate is less than 200 mg / mm ³ in the first 30 seconds of the test. In a fourth embodiment, the mean mist formation rate is less than 150 mg / mm ³ in the first 60 seconds of the test.

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid composition is readily biodegradable, with the base oil having 30 to 95% OECD 301D Level. In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid has 10-14 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C and> = 60% biodegradability according to OECD 301 D. In a second embodiment, the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C less than 10 mm ² / s and> = 80% biodegradability according to OECD 301 D. In a third embodiment, the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of less than 8 mm ² / s and> = 90% biodegradability according to OECD 301D. In a fifth embodiment, the metalworking fluid has at least 30% biodegradability when measured according to OECD 301D.

Metalworking fluids may be characterized as being suitable or unsuitable for extreme pressure applications. A fluid considered suitable for extreme pressure prevents sliding metal surfaces from seizing under extreme pressure conditions. The seizure of metal surfaces is due to the friction between opposing bumps. Bumps are microscopic protrusions on metal surfaces resulting from metalworking operations. One technique for measuring the extreme pressure properties of a fluid is to measure a load force between sliding surfaces that can be overcome with the aid of a lubricant without causing seizure of the sliding surfaces. One such technique is described as a Falex load test, which is an ASTM standard test for fluid lubricants ( ASTM D-3233 (2003) ). In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid is characterized as having a Falex reference wear of less than 10 teeth. In another embodiment, the metalworking fluid is characterized as having a Falex reference load of more than 4500 pounds force.

In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid is characterized as having excellent lubricity, particularly for lubricating surfaces in sliding contacts, as measured in a four-ball abrasion test ASTM D4172-94 (2004) e1 , In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid has a four ball abrasion notch diameter of less than about 0.07 mm.

In some applications and when using isomerized base oils with a low kinematic viscosity is the metalworking fluid characterized in that it is a smooth liquid flow for excellent circulation in a pump. In addition, the metalworking fluid has an excellent, so no frictional heat between a tool and a workpiece can arise, and so the effective life of the tool can be increased.

applications: In one embodiment, the metalworking fluid in the production of semiconductors, operating equipment and car parts, etc. using the shape of the finished article, for example Silicon wafer or machine part, with or without subsequent Removal of metal or silicon is obtained. Non-limiting Examples of these operations include cutting, Drilling, boring, honing, broaching, Grinding, forming, punching, casting, forging, rolling, punching, Embossing, drawing, pressing, deburring, grinding, grooving, Threading, chamfering, broaching, rubbing, honing, lapping, Straightening and pulling.

In an embodiment of a metalworking step The metalworking fluid is applied to the contact zone between the tool and workpiece applied. The fluid can pass through a number be applied by methods such as dipping the Contact zone in the fluid, spraying the fluid into the contact zone, Flooding the contact zone with fluid, pumping a fluid flow into the Contact zone, periodic wetting of the tool or the workpiece with lubricating fluid, or any measure to the continuous or temporarily applying the lubricant to the contact zone between tool and workpiece.

EXAMPLES. Unless otherwise stated, the compositions are prepared by mixing the components in the examples and tables specified quantities. The components used in the examples are listed below.

EP agent is a commercially available polymerized ester, 10% inactive sulfur extreme pressure agent.

HYNAP ^™ N100HTS hydrotreated naphthenic oil (Group V) is from San Joaquin Refining Oil, Inc., Bakersfield, CA.

Ashland ^TM 100SN Group 1 oil is from Ashland Inc.

Chevron ^™ 100R Group 2 Oil, Chevron ^™ 100R Group 3 Oil, and Chevron Synfluid 4 cSt PAO Oil each come from Chevron Corporation, San Ramon, CA.

additive 2 is a sulfurized vegetable fatty acid ester. The defoamer is an acrylate oligomer antifoam / defoamer. additive CAS is a commercially available overbasic Calcium sulphonate PEP metalworking additive, carbonated Contains alkylbenzenesulfonate. Additive SO is a sulfurized one Olefin.

Mineral sealant oil (MSO) with 3.39 mm ² / sec viscosity at 40 ° C and basestock oils SN 100 (density 0.864 and viscosity 20.6 mm ² / sec at 40 ° C), SN 150 and SN 600 (API group I ) are commercially available from a number of sources.

GTL Base oils GST0449 derived from the Fischer-Tropsch process, FTBO L, FTBO XL, FTBO XXL, and FTBO M are from Chevron Corp. The properties of those derived from the Fischer-Tropsch process Base oils used in the examples are shown in Table 3.

Anti-fog agent 1 is a methacrylate copolymer. Anti-fog agent 2 is a commercial one available high molecular weight oil-soluble Polymer-tackifier.

Examples 1-6: A series of metalworking fluid compositions having the components listed in Table 1 were formulated and their properties measured by various standard test methods: ASTM D 1401-02 for the water separation behavior of petroleum oils and synthetic fluids; ASTM D 3427 (2003) Standard Test Methods for Air Separation Behavior of Petroleum Oils; and ASTM D892-95 Foam stability test sequence. As can be seen from the table, the example involving the isomerized base oil shows a low foaming tendency (zero foam height) and an air separation property comparable to, if not better than, prior art oil (in terms of test repeatability of 1 min.). TABLE 1 Sample ID example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Group V Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 PAO GTL Wt .-% Wt .-% Wt .-% Wt .-% Wt .-% Wt .-% SJR Hynap N100HTS Group V 95 - - - - - Ashland 100 SN Group 1 - 95 - - - - Chevron 100 R-Group 2 - - 95 - - - Chevron UCBO 4R Group 3 - - - 95 - - Chevron synfluid, 4 cSt-PAO - - - - 95 - GTL GST0449 isomerized base oil - - - - - 95 EP agent 5 5 5 5 5 5 Kinem. Viscosity @ 40 ° C, cSt 19.91 20:51 20.70 18:30 17.76 18.60 Luftabsch. @ 50C, 03427, min 0.72 0.88 0.5 12:42 <0.42 <0.42 Foam sequence I-III, D892 Seq. I, 24C, tilt, ml of foam 220 70 80 30 0 0 Seq. I, stability, ml after 10 min. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seq. II, 93.5C, tilt, ml of foam 30 30 25 20 0 0 Seq. II, stability, ml, after 10 min. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seq. III, 24C, tilt, ml of foam 140 100 80 40 0 0 Seq. III, stability, ml, after 10 min. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water separability, D1401 @ 54C owe, ml 2/0/78 2/0/78 2/0/78 2/0/78 2/0/78 02/02/76 Time, min 30 30 30 30 30 30 Water separability, D1401 @ 82C owe, ml 6/0/74 6/0/74 5/0/75 9/0/71 7/0/73 6/0/74 Time, min 60 60 60 60 60 60

Examples 7-13: A series of metalworking fluid compositions with the components listed in Table 2 formulated and their properties were measured or recorded. The Examples 11-13 compare the compositions, respectively with 0.25% by weight of an added anti-fogging agent (which is a high molecular oil-soluble Polymer tackifier is).

The samples were subjected to a similar aerosol (fog) formation test as in "Polymer Additives as Mist Suppressants in Metal Cutting Fluids," by Marano et al. 5 Journal of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, Oct. 1995, pp. 25-35 described. In the test, metalworking fluid (in 100 ml of sample) was generally passed through a tube (for example ID 0.0011 m) via a syringe pump at constant flow rates up to 0.0084 liter / min to a coaxial atomizer tip. Compressed air was passed through the ring between the outer and inner tubes (ID 0.0021 m and OD 0.0013 m, respectively) at flow rates up to 35 liters / min. The mist produced by the nebulizer was directed to a long, square cross-section plexiglass channel or chamber (e.g., a 12 "by 12" by 18 "chamber). The amount of fog generated as a function of time (as mg / mm ³ over a period of 5 minutes) was recorded and recorded by a datalogger. In the experiments, a portable real-time aerosol monitor DataRAM ^® was [MIE Instruments Inc., Bedford Mass.] Used as a data logger to quantify the amounts of fog formed continuously. DataRAM is a nephelometric monitor used to measure the concentration of airborne particles by detecting the amount of light scattered by the accumulation of particles passing through a sample volume.

One Much of the fog was at the beginning of all samples Generates tests. After spraying, the mist settled at the bottom of the container, thereby showing a drop the amount of trapped mist.

The measurements from the aerosol (fog) formation experiments were published in the 1 - 3 plotted as a function of time. The results show that, in general, the metalworking fluid compositions containing Fischer-Tropsch base oils produce significantly less fog than the prior art base oils, with a reduction in fogging of at least 10% and in In some examples, up to 75% or more in the first 30 seconds of the aerosol misting test. Example 10 with the isomerized base oil performs better (with reduced fogging) than Example 9 with a Group I mineral base oil and even with 2% by weight anti-loading additive. In 3 All examples (# 11-13) show comparable performance when added as a high performance (and expensive) anti-loading additive with the addition of a high molecular weight oil-soluble polymer tackifier. TABLE 2 Components% by weight Example 7 ZX12A Ex. 8 ZX12B Ex. 9 ZX46A Ex. 10 ZX46B Ex. 11 ZX12A anti-fog Ex. 12 ZX12B anti-fog Ex. 13 ZX12C anti-fog SN 100 51.98 - - - 51.98 - - SN 150 - - 70.98 - - - - SN 600 - - 15 - - - - MSO 38 - - - 36 - - FTBO M - - - 87.98 - - - FTBO L - - - - - - - FTBO XL - 16:21 - - - - 16:21 FTBO XXL - 71.77 - - - 87.98 71.77 Anti-fogging agent 1 - - 2 - - - - Anti-fogging agent 2 - - - - 12:25 12:25 12:25 CAS alkylbenzene 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 sulfurized olefin 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Additive 2 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 defoamers 12:02 12:02 12:02 12:02 12:02 12:02 12:02 Visc. @ 40 ° C m ² / sec 10.4 9.89 48.12 45.19 10.7 9.61 9.89 Density @ 15 ° C .8626 .8264 - - .8626 .826 .826 Visc. @ 100 ° C m ² / sec 2.84 2.8 - - - - - VI 122 141 - - - - - Flash point ° C 148 178 - - - - - colour L3.5 L3.5 - - - - - Table 3 properties FTBO-XXL FTBO-XL FTBO-L FTBO-M BST00449 Kinem. Viscosity @ 40 ° C, cSt 7658 11:16 7.17 34.13 17.74 Kinem. Viscosity @ 100 ° C, cSt 2333 2988 4028 6134 4.12 Viscosity index 124 124 125 139 156 138 Cold start viscosity @ -40 ° C, cP 1,525 Cold start viscosity @ -35 ° C, cP 578 1.524 6048 1,596 Cold start viscosity @ -30 ° C, cP 361 866 3200 941 Pour point, ° C -46 -36 -28 -18 -26 ndm Molecular weight, gm / mol (VPO) 314 375 436 508 431 Density, gm / ml 0.8026 0.8059 0.8122 0824 0.8128 refractive index 1.4485 1.4507 1454 1.4596 1.4541 Paraffin. Carbon,% 93.13 96.97 95.82 92.84 95.99 Naphthenic. Carbon,% 6.87 3:03 4.18 7.16 4:01 Arom. Carbon,% 00:00 00:00 00:00 0 0 Oxidizer BN, Std. 35.9 56.27 39.97 41.02 ANTEK SCHWEFEL <2 <1 <1 <2 LOW. NITROGEN MIRROR <0.1 <.1 <0.1 <0.1 Noack,% by weight 60.69 26.8 10.72 3.15 10:22 Saybolt color +33.6 Total aromatics 0.00261 0 0.00082 COC flash point, ° C 192 206 226 254 232 SIMDIST TSP (wt%), F TBP @ 0.5 583 679 726 799 732 TBP @ 5 622 701 754 831 758 TBP @ 10 636 709 766 646 770 TBP @ 20 654 720 780 865 784 TBP @ 30 667 728 791 880 795 TBP @ 40 678 735 800 894 805 TBP @ 50 588 741 809 906 813 TBP @ 60 697 748 818 920 822 TBP @ 70 706 756 828 935 832 TBP @ 80 715 764 839 952 843 TBP @ 90 727 774 853 976 857 TBP @ 95 735 782 864 994 867 TBP @ 99.5 753 802 884 1034 887 FIMS saturated 72.7 75.3 75 75.3 1 unsaturation 19.3 23.2 24 23.6 2 unsaturation 3.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 3 unsaturation 2 0.2 0.1 0.1 4 unsaturation 1.7 0 0 0 5 unsaturation 0.5 0 0 0 6 unsaturation 0 0.2 0.1 0.1 branching index 30.21 28.85 26.95 27.25 Branch neighborhood 5.14 12.77 14:43 14.83 Alkyl Verzw. per molecule 2.17 2.63 2:57 2.9 Methyl-Verzw. per molecule 1.90 2:07 2 2.26 FCI 3.15 3:42 4.5 4:56 FCI / END methyl ratio 2:50 2:33 3.66 3.1 Alkyl Verzw. per 100 carbon atoms 9.67 9.83 825 9:42 Methyl-Verzw. per 100 carbon atoms 8:48 7.74 6:41 7:35 % Olefins by proton NMR 00:00 12:12 12:23 12:32 Monocycloparaffin (FIMS 1 unsubstituted NMR olefins) 23.88 Multicycloparaffin (FIMS 2-Unsalt-6-Unsalted-HPLC-UV-Aromatics) 0 .99739 Mono / multi-ratio 23.94

Provided Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are in numbers, quantities, percentages or proportions in the description and in the claims approximate information. Also numerical parameters are approximations, which depending on the desired characteristics that one with of the present invention may vary. Singular forms such as 'one', 'one', 'one' and 'the', 'the', 'the', Unless limited to one item, describe Items in the genus and plural form. The term "include" and his grammatical variants are exclusive to understand, so lists also other similar items, in place of listed items or in addition to these can be used are included.

These Description discloses the invention by way of examples, including the best way so that the person skilled in the art will carry out the invention and can use. The subject invention is defined by the claims and may include examples that are familiar to those skilled in the art are. Such other examples are included if they have features which are affected by the wording of the claims or the professional recognizes them as being affected by it.

SUMMARY

composition for a metalworking fluid comprising an isomerized one Base oil with consecutive number of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to n-d-M. The metalworking fluid is characterized by reduced Fogging, low tendency to foam and excellent Air release.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

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• ASTM D 6352-04 [0051]
• ASTM D 3238-95 (re-approved in 2005) [0052]
• ASTM D5800-05 [0059]
• ASTM D5800-05 [0060]
• "Foam Control Agents", by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162 [0064]
• ASTM D892-95 [0072]
• ASTM D892-06 [0072]
• ASTM D 892-03 [0073]
• ASTM D 1401-02 [0074]
• ASTM D 1401-02 [0074]
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• ASTM D 3427 (2003) [0075]
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• ASTM D4172-94 (2004) e1 [0079]
• ASTM D 3427 (2003) [0092]
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Claims (15)

A metalworking fluid comprising: a lubricant base oil having a sequential number of carbon atoms and less than 10 weight percent naphthenic carbon according to ndM; and 0.10 to 10 weight percent of at least one additive selected from the group of metalworking fluid additive package; metal deactivators; Korrosionsschuizmittel; microbicides; Anti-corrosion agents; Extreme pressure agents; Friction inhibitor; Rust inhibitors; polymeric substances; Fire retardants; bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; Chelating agents, such as edetic acid salts; and the same; pH regulators; Wear inhibitors; and mixtures thereof, wherein the metalworking fluid has an average fogging rate of less than 300 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds of initiation in an aerosol misting test. The metalworking fluid of claim 1 having a mean mist formation rate of less than 250 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds as measured in an aerosol mist formation test. The metalworking fluid of any one of claims 1 to 2 having a mean mist formation rate of less than 150 mg / mm ³ within 30 seconds measured in an aerosol misting test. The metalworking fluid of any one of claims 1 to 3 having a mean mist formation rate of less than 150 mg / mm ³ within 60 seconds measured in an aerosol mist formation test. Metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has at least 30% biodegradability, measured according to OECD 301 D. A metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant base oil is a Fischer-Tropsch process base having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C between 2 mm ² / s and 6 mm ² / s; at 40 ° C a kinematic viscosity between 7 mm ² / s and 20 mm ² / s; a viscosity index of 120-150; a pour point in the range of -20 and -50 ° C; a molecular weight of 300-500; a density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 93-97%; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; an oxidizer BN of 30 to 60 hours; and 8 to 60 weight percent Noack volatility as measured by ASTM D5800-05 Method B. A metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant base oil is a base oil of the Fischer-Tropsch process having a kinematic viscosity of between 5 mm ² / s and 7 mm ² / s at 100 ° C; at 40 ° C a kinematic viscosity between 25 mm ² / s and 50 mm ² / s; a viscosity index of 140-160; a pour point in the range of -15 and -25 ° C; a molecular weight of 450-550; a density in the range of 0.820 to 0.830; paraffinic carbon in the range of 90-95%. Metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base oil has an average molecular weight between 600 and 1100 and has a medium degree of branching in the molecules between 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms. The metalworking fluid of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant base oil has between 0 and 100 weight percent Noack volatility and an autoignition temperature (AIT) greater than the amount defined by: 1.6 x (kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C) C, in mm ² / s) + 300. The metalworking fluid of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant base oil has at least one of the following properties: an autoignition temperature (AIT) greater than 329 ° C; a viscosity index greater than 28 × Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, in mm ² / s) + 300; and a traction coefficient less than 0.023, measured at 15 mm ² / s kinematic viscosity and 40% slip-roll ratio. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant base oil is a base oil of a waxy feed from the Fischer-Tropsch process and at 100 ° C has a kinematic viscosity between 2 mm ² / s and 3 mm ² / s; at 40 ° C a kinematic viscosity between 7 mm ² / s and 12 mm ² / s; a viscosity index of 120-140; a pour point in the range of -30 and -50 ° C; a molecular weight of 300-500; a density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 93-97%; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; an oxidizer BN of 30 to 60 hours; and 10 to 60 weight percent Noack volatility as measured by ASTM D5800-05 Method B. 1 metal working fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the lubricant base oil in total including more than 10 percent by weight molecules having cycloparaffin functionality, and a ratio of the weight percent molecules having monocycloparaffin functionality to the weight percent molecules having multicycloparaffin functionality greater than 15. Metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the lubricant base oil more than 3 weight percent Molecules with cycloparaffin functionality and less as 0.30 weight percent aromatics. Metalworking fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the lubricant base oil more than 10 weight percent and less than 70 weight percent of total molecules with cycloparaffin functionality Has. Method for lubricating a workpiece in a metalworking process, wherein a fluid after a of claims 1 to 14 applied to the workpiece becomes.