DE112006002008B4 - Method for raising the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for raising the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE112006002008B4 DE112006002008B4 DE112006002008.0T DE112006002008T DE112006002008B4 DE 112006002008 B4 DE112006002008 B4 DE 112006002008B4 DE 112006002008 T DE112006002008 T DE 112006002008T DE 112006002008 B4 DE112006002008 B4 DE 112006002008B4
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
- F02D41/0087—Selective cylinder activation, i.e. partial cylinder operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
- F02D41/0082—Controlling each cylinder individually per groups or banks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zum Anheben der Abgastemperatur bei einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mehreren verschieden betriebenen Zylindern, wobei zumindest ein erster Zylinder, vorzugsweise eine erste Gruppe der Zylinder mit fettem Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis betrieben wird, wobei das Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis und/oder die Last jedes einzelnen aktiv betriebenen Zylinders unabhängig von den anderen Zylindern eingestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbrennung in jedem Zylinder individuell an das eingestellte Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis, bzw. die eingestellte Last angepasst, vorzugsweise für das eingestellte Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis, bzw. die eingestellte Last optimiert wird, wobei die Brenngeschwindigkeit durch zylinderindividuelle Zumessung von internem Restgas angepasst wird.Method for raising the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine with several differently operated cylinders, wherein at least a first cylinder, preferably a first group of cylinders, is operated with a rich air/fuel ratio, the air/fuel ratio and/or the load of each individual actively operated cylinder is set independently of the other cylinders, characterized in that the combustion in each cylinder individually adapted to the set fuel / air ratio, or the set load, preferably for the set fuel / air ratio, or the set load is optimized, with the combustion rate being adjusted by cylinder-specific metering of internal residual gas.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Anheben der Abgastemperatur bei einer Brennkraftmaschine mit mehreren verschieden betriebenen Zylindern, wobei zumindest ein erster Zylinder, vorzugsweise eine erste Gruppe der Zylinder mit fettem Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis betrieben wird, wobei das Kraftstoff/LuftVerhältnis und/oder die Last jedes einzelnen aktiv betriebenen Zylinders unabhängig von den anderen Zylindern eingestellt wird.The invention relates to a method for raising the exhaust gas temperature in an internal combustion engine with a plurality of differently operated cylinders, with at least a first cylinder, preferably a first group of cylinders, being operated with a rich fuel/air ratio, with the fuel/air ratio and/or the load of each actively operated cylinder is set independently of the other cylinders.
Es ist bekannt, einen Teil der Zylinder fett und einen anderen Teil der Zylinder mager zu betreiben, um eine exotherme Reaktion im Katalysator zu erzeugen, beispielsweise aus den Veröffentlichungen JP H05- 86 848 A,
Die
Ein Verfahren zum Aufheizen eines Katalysators einer direkteinspritzenden mehrzylindrigen Otto-Brennkraftmaschine ist aus der
Aus der
Die
Aus der
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und die Laufruhe zu verbessern, bzw. den Effekt der Abgastemperaturerhöhung zu verstärken.It is the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to improve the smooth running, or to intensify the effect of increasing the exhaust gas temperature.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Verbrennung in jedem Zylinder individuell an das eingestellte Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis, bzw. die eingestellte Last angepasst, vorzugsweise individuell für das eingestellte Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis, bzw. die eingestellte Last optimiert wird, wobei die Brenngeschwindigkeit durch zylinderindividuelle Zumessung von internem Restgas angepasst wird.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the combustion in each cylinder is individually adapted to the set fuel/air ratio or the set load, preferably individually optimized for the set fuel/air ratio or the set load Burning speed is adjusted by cylinder-specific metering of internal residual gas.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass zumindest ein zweiter Zylinder, vorzugsweise eine zweite Gruppe der Zylinder mit einem mageren Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis betrieben wird. Dadurch, dass die Füllung zylinderselektiv angepasst wird, können Zylinder trotz des Umstandes, dass ein Teil der Zylinder fett und der Rest der Zylinder mager betrieben wird, mit der selben Last (indizierter Mitteldruck) betrieben werden. Dies erhöht entscheidend die Laufruhe. Der Füllungszustand jedes einzelnen Zylinders kann unabhängig von den anderen Zylindern gewählt werden.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that at least one second cylinder, preferably a second group of cylinders, is operated with a lean fuel/air ratio. Due to the fact that the filling is adapted cylinder-selectively, cylinders can be operated with the same load (indicated mean effective pressure) despite the fact that some of the cylinders are operated rich and the rest of the cylinders are lean. This significantly increases smoothness. The filling status of each individual cylinder can be selected independently of the other cylinders.
Das Einstellen der Brenngeschwindigkeit erfolgt beispielsweise über die Turbulenz im Brennraum. Diese kann durch Variation der Steuerzeiten der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgen, zum Beispiel durch die Variation der Schließflanke zumindest eines Einlassventils und/oder des Ventilhubes zumindest eines Einlassventils. Mit variabler Ventilsteuerung können die relevanten Parameter in weitem Bereich verändert werden. Durch Anpassung der Brenngeschwindigkeit, vorzugsweise deren Erhöhung, kann die Verbrennung Richtung spät verschoben werden, was zu einer erhöhten Abgastemperatur führt. Die Zylinder können mit der selben Last (indizierter Mitteldruck), aber unterschiedlichen Füllungen betrieben werden. The setting of the combustion speed takes place, for example, via the turbulence in the combustion chamber. This can be done by varying the control times of the internal combustion engine, for example by varying the closing edge of at least one intake valve and/or the valve lift of at least one intake valve. With variable valve control, the relevant parameters can be changed over a wide range. By adjusting the combustion rate, preferably increasing it, the combustion can be retarded, which leads to an increased exhaust gas temperature. The cylinders can be operated with the same load (indicated mean effective pressure) but with different fillings.
Das Luftverhältnis des Abgases des Gesamtmotors kann nach Zusammenführung der Einzelzylinderabgase stöchiometrisch, leicht mager, oder aber auch leicht fett sein.After the individual cylinder exhaust gases have been combined, the air ratio of the exhaust gases from the entire engine can be stoichiometric, slightly lean or slightly rich.
Es ist auch möglich, dass das Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnis in allen Zylindern stöchiometrisch eingestellt wird, die Zylinder aber mit deutlich unterschiedlichen indizierten Mitteldrücke betrieben werden.It is also possible that the fuel/air ratio is set stoichiometrically in all cylinders, but the cylinders are operated with significantly different indicated mean effective pressures.
In weiterer Ausführung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass bei zumindest einem zweiten Zylinder, vorzugsweise einer zweiten Gruppe von Zylindern die Einspritzung des Kraftstoffes vollständig abgeschaltet wird und über die Steuerzeiten der Einlass- und/oder Auslassventile dieses Zylinders eine vordefinierte Sekundärluftmenge über durchgepumpte Frischluft eingestellt wird. Bei zyklustreuer Zylinderabschaltung wird das innere Moment der gefeuerten Zylinder zyklustreu näherungsweise verdoppelt, wodurch sich die Verbrennungsstabilität in den gefeuerten Zylindern deutlich verbessern und die Rohemissionen wesentlich senken lassen.In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that in at least one second cylinder, preferably a second group of cylinders, the injection of the fuel is completely switched off and a predefined quantity of secondary air is set via the control times of the intake and/or exhaust valves of this cylinder using fresh air pumped through . With cylinder deactivation true to the cycle, the internal torque of the fired cylinder is approximately doubled true to the cycle, which significantly improves combustion stability in the fired cylinders and significantly reduces raw emissions.
Die Erhöhung der Verbrennungsstabilität kann zu einer deutlichen Verschiebung der Verbrennung nach spät genutzt werden, die Abgastemperatur dadurch erhöht und so der Katalysator bei minimalen Rohemissionen aufgeheizt werden.The increase in combustion stability can be used to significantly delay combustion, thereby increasing the exhaust gas temperature and heating up the catalytic converter with minimal untreated emissions.
Verstärkt kann dieser Effekt werden, wenn die abgeschalteten Zylinder Frischluft zum Katalysator pumpen. Die Sekundärluftmenge, bzw. die durchgepumpte Frischluftmenge wird über die Steuerzeiten dieses Zylinders eingestellt. Die nicht abgeschalteten Zylinder können dabei mit fettem Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch betrieben werden. Die Maßnahmen zur Anhebung der Abgastemperatur werden bevorzugt während der Warmlaufphase bis zum Erreichen der Anspringtemperatur des Katalysators und/oder in Phasen niedriger Motorlast zur Temperaturanhebung im Katalysator angewendet.This effect can be intensified if the deactivated cylinders pump fresh air to the catalytic converter. The amount of secondary air or the amount of fresh air pumped through is set via the control times of this cylinder. The cylinders that are not switched off can be operated with a rich fuel/air mixture. The measures to increase the exhaust gas temperature are preferably used during the warm-up phase until the light-off temperature of the catalytic converter is reached and/or in phases of low engine load to increase the temperature in the catalytic converter.
Um die Zylinderbelastung möglichst gering zu halten, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Ungleichverteilung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnisses und/oder der Last während des Motorbetriebes zumindest einmal, vorzugsweise periodisch zwischen der ersten Gruppe und der zweiten Gruppe der Zylinder vertauscht wird. Dadurch kann die Zylinderbelastung thermisch vergleichmäßigt werden und die Auskühlung eines Zylinders, der auf niedriger, bzw. Nulllast läuft, verhindert werden.In order to keep the cylinder load as low as possible, it is advantageous if the unequal distribution of the fuel/air ratio and/or the load is exchanged at least once, preferably periodically, between the first group and the second group of cylinders during engine operation. As a result, the cylinder load can be thermally evened out and the cooling of a cylinder that is running at low or zero load can be prevented.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass oberhalb und/oder unterhalb einer vordefinierten Gesamtmotorlast und/oder Drehzahl die Ungleichverteilung der Last und/oder der Füllung zwischen den Zylindern deaktiviert wird.The invention provides that above and/or below a predefined total engine load and/or engine speed, the unequal distribution of the load and/or the filling between the cylinders is deactivated.
Die Maßnahmen zur Hebung der Abgastemperatur werden bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder der Temperatur der Umgebung durchgeführt.The measures for raising the exhaust gas temperature are preferably carried out as a function of the temperature of the internal combustion engine and/or the ambient temperature.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
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1 einen 4-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit einflutigem Katalysator bei Parallelbetrieb; -
2 einen 4-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit einflutigem Katalysator bei Zyklusbetrieb; -
3 einen 6-Zylinder-V-Motor mit doppelflutigem Katalysator für Parallelbetrieb; -
4 einen 6-Zylinder-V-Motor mit doppelflutigem Abgaskatalysator bei Zyklusbetrieb; -
5 einen 6-Zylinder-V-Motor mit einflutigem Katalysator bei Parallelbetrieb; -
6 einen 6-Zylinder-V-Motor mit einflutigem Katalysator bei zyklischem Betrieb; -
7 einen 6-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit zweiflutigem Katalysator bei Parallelbetrieb; -
8 einen 6-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit zweiflutigem Katalysator bei Zyklusbetrieb; -
9 einen 6-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit einflutigem Katalysator; -
10 einen 4-Zylinder-Reihenmotor mit einflutigem Katalysator mit Zylinderabschaltung; und -
11 einen 6-Zylinder-V-Motor mit einflutigem Katalysator und Zylinderabschaltung.
-
1 a 4-cylinder in-line engine with a single-flow catalytic converter in parallel operation; -
2 a 4-cylinder in-line engine with a single-flow catalyst in cycle operation; -
3 a 6-cylinder V engine with double-flow catalyst for parallel operation; -
4 a 6-cylinder V-engine with double-flow catalytic converter in cycle operation; -
5 a 6-cylinder V engine with a single-flow catalyst in parallel operation; -
6 a 6-cylinder V-engine with a single-flow catalyst with cyclic operation; -
7 a 6-cylinder in-line engine with a double-flow catalyst with parallel operation; -
8th a 6-cylinder in-line engine with double flow catalyst in cycle operation; -
9 a 6-cylinder in-line engine with a single-flow catalytic converter; -
10 a 4-cylinder in-line engine with a single-flow catalytic converter with cylinder deactivation; and -
11 a 6-cylinder V engine with a single-flow catalytic converter and cylinder deactivation.
Die
Mit Zyklusbetrieb wird ein Betrieb bezeichnet, in welchem die Füllung und/oder Last zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Gruppe an Zylindern von einem zum anderen Motorzyklus für eine vordefinierte Anzahl von Zyklen vertauscht wird. Unter Parallelbetrieb wird ein Betrieb mit Ungleichverteilung an Füllung und/oder Last zwischen erster und zweiter Gruppe an Zylindern verstanden, bei dem kein Wechseln der Füllung oder Last zwischen den Gruppen an Zylindern vorgenommen wird.Cycle operation refers to operation in which the charge and/or load is swapped between the first and second groups of cylinders from one engine cycle to another for a predefined number of cycles. Parallel operation is understood to mean operation with an unequal distribution of charge and/or load between the first and second group of cylinders, in which there is no change in charge or load between the groups of cylinders.
In den Figuren sind die einzelnen Zylinder mit Bezugszeichen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 bezeichnet. Von den einzelnen Zylindern führen zwei Gruppen von Abgasleitungen L1, L2 zu ein- oder zweiflutigen bzw. zu separaten Katalysatoren K.The individual cylinders are denoted by
Mit F sind fett betriebene Zylinder, mit M mager betriebene Zylinder bezeichnet.Cylinders that are operated with F are denoted by M, cylinders that are operated lean.
Den in den
Dadurch entsteht eine exotherme Reaktion von Kohlenwasserstoff und Sauerstoff im Katalysator, was zu einer deutlichen Verminderung der Katalysatoranspringzeit bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Kraftstoffverbrauches und der Emissionen führt, bzw. was verhindert, dass der Katalysator im Betrieb mit niedrigster Last zu weit abkühlt.This creates an exothermic reaction of hydrocarbons and oxygen in the catalyst, which leads to a significant reduction in the catalyst light-off time while minimizing fuel consumption and emissions, or which prevents the catalyst from cooling down too far during operation at the lowest load.
Bei der in
Die
Die
Nach dem gleichen Muster kann auch ein 8-Zylinder-Motor parallel oder zyklisch betrieben werden. Grundbedingung ist, dass für den jeweiligen Katalysator K in Zündreihenfolge abwechselnd mageres und fettes Gemisch zugeführt wird. Das resultierende Gemisch am Katalysator stellt dann den gewünschten Mittelwert ein.An 8-cylinder engine can also be operated in parallel or cyclically in the same way. The basic condition is that for the respective catalytic converter K, a lean and rich mixture is supplied alternately in the ignition sequence. The resulting mixture on the catalyst then adjusts to the desired mean value.
Die
Mit vollvariablem, hochflexiblen Ventiltriebsystemen ist es möglich, zyklustreue Zylinderabschaltvorgänge beim Motorstart vorzunehmen. Durch die Zylinderabschaltung wird bei gleichem Wechselmoment das innere Moment der gefeuerten Zylinder näherungsweise verdoppelt, wodurch sich die Verbrennungsstabilität deutlich verbessert und die Rohemissionen deutlich sinken. Die Erhöhung der Verbrennungsstabilität kann zu einer deutlichen Verschiebung der Verbrennung nach spät benutzt werden und so der Katalysator K bei minimalen Rohemissionen aufgeheizt werden.With fully variable, highly flexible valve train systems, it is possible to carry out cylinder deactivation processes that are true to the cycle when the engine is started. With cylinder deactivation, the internal torque of the fired cylinder is approximately doubled with the same alternating torque, which significantly improves combustion stability and significantly reduces raw emissions. The increase in combustion stability can be used to significantly delay combustion, so that the catalytic converter K can be heated up with minimal untreated emissions.
Verstärkt kann dieser Effekt werden, wenn die abgeschalteten Zylinder Frischluft zu dem Katalysator K pumpen, während die gefeuerten Zylinder durch fetten Motorbetrieb den Kraftstoff in Form von HC- und CO-Emissionen zum Katalysator K transportieren.This effect can be intensified if the deactivated cylinders pump fresh air to the catalytic converter K, while the fired cylinders transport the fuel in the form of HC and CO emissions to the catalytic converter K due to rich engine operation.
Die
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT0134705A AT500441A3 (en) | 2005-08-11 | 2005-08-11 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LOADING STATE OF A PARTICULATE FILTER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
ATA1347/2005 | 2005-08-11 | ||
ATA198/2006 | 2006-02-09 | ||
AT1982006A AT500991B1 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2006-02-09 | Exhaust gas temperature increasing method for internal combustion engine, involves operating set of cylinders with high fuel to air ratio, and operating another set of cylinders is operated with low fuel to air ratio |
PCT/AT2006/000333 WO2007016713A2 (en) | 2005-08-11 | 2006-08-07 | Method for increasing the exhaust gas temperature for an internal combustion engine |
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DE112006002008B4 true DE112006002008B4 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
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DE102010003143B4 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2014-08-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for operating a spark-ignited internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine for carrying out such a method |
WO2014183065A1 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-13 | Pinnacle Engines, Inc. | Low temperature catalyst light-off |
CN105593496A (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2016-05-18 | 品纳科动力有限公司 | Early exhaust valve opening for improved catalyst light off |
JP7272924B2 (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2023-05-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle and its control method |
JP7444028B2 (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2024-03-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine control device |
JP7480679B2 (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2024-05-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Control device for internal combustion engine |
JP7444104B2 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-03-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine control device |
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WO2007016713A3 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
DE112006002008A5 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
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