DE1096028B - The softening and gelatinization of high polymer substances - Google Patents

Description

The softening and gelatinization of high polymer substances It has been found that acetals or ketals of oxycarboxylic acid esters have excellent plasticizing properties for high polymer fabrics. These compounds give those made therewith Processing products have a very good cold resistance. Furthermore, the plasticates have good extraction resistance to solvents, oils and water.

In the production of the acetals or ketals of oxycarboxylic acid esters if one goes from mono- or polybasic oxyacids of the aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or fatty aromatic series, which in addition to one also has several May contain hydroxyl groups. For example, glycolic acid, lactic acid, Citric acid, oxystearic acid, di- and polyoxy fatty acids, salicylic acid, p-oxybenzoic acid, Oxymethylbenzoic acid, mandelic acid into consideration. The acetal or. Ketal carboxylic acid esters underlying alcohols can be monohydric and polyhydric, in particular monohydric to trivalent, the alcohols being aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic series can belong. The alcohols can also have substituents or contain groups of which a softening effect is known, such as tetrahydrofuran, Phenyl, ether and ester groups.

The aldehydes or ketones which can be used as oxo components can 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in the molecule. For example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, lauric aldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, Furfural, tetrahydrofurfural, benzaldehyde, phenylethyl ketone, acetophenone can be considered.

The acetals or ketals of the oxycarboxylic acid esters are produced most advantageously in a known manner that the esterification and acetalization in one stage is carried out by mixing the oxycarboxylic acids with acetals or ketals of the alcohol components used, whereby the alcohol residues of the acetals or Ketals are split off and the carboxyl groups of the oxycarboxylic acids esterify and the residues of the oxo components acetalize the oxy groups of the oxycarboxylic acid or ketalize. But you can also use the starting components without intermediate formation of the Let acetals or ketals act directly on one another.

For the implementation, the mixture of the reactants is heated to temperatures Brought above 90 ° C, at which water splits off. You can also use Pressure work. The reaction is carried out by adding acidic esterification catalysts accelerated. The catalysts are conventionally known as condensing agents Inorganic and organic substances used, such as H C1, H2 S O4, H3 P O4, Na H S O4, NH4 Cl, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, pyridine hydrochloride and organic sulfonic acids.

The softening and gelling agents according to the invention are High polymers, such as cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl and polyvinylene compounds, in particular Polyvinyl esters, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic acid derivatives, higher molecular ones Polyamides or polyesters, rubber and rubber derivatives such as chlorinated rubber, added in amounts of 1 to 70%, preferably in amounts of 5 to 40%.

The products obtained can be applied to threads, ribbons, Films, foils, tubes, plates, blocks are processed, if necessary under Addition of further known plasticizers or plasticizer thinners, stabilizers as well as customary filler and color pigments.

Example 1 For a nitro lacquer, which consists of 10 parts by weight of nitrocellulose, 15 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, 30 parts by weight of butyl acetate, 15 parts by weight of butanol and 40 parts by weight of toluene, 5 parts by weight of that of dioxystearic acid are added and formaldehyde dimethyl acetal formed acetal carboxylic acid ester. The ones made with it Paint coatings result in a smooth, extremely light and cold-resistant Movie.

Example 2 40 parts by weight of benzaldehyde acetal of lactic acid 2-ethyl-butanol ester are emulsified with 60 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride at 165 ° C on the roller mill homogenized and drawn out to a 0.3 mm thick film. The slide is at -30 up to -35 ° C still completely flexible and elastic.

The plasticate obtained is very suitable for the production of Foils for bag-making for clothing purposes.

Example 3 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride (K = 80) are added 25 parts by weight of diethylhexyl phthalate and 25 parts by weight of the benzaldehyde (2-ethyl-butanol) acetal and ethyl lactate formed acetal carboxylic acid ester at 170 ° C for 5 minutes homogenized to a film on the roller mill. The excellent cold resistance of the plasticate is shown by the fact that the film only starts at a temperature of -25 to -30 ° C breaks, while one using only dioctyl phthalate accordingly The film produced is only break-resistant down to about -15 ° C.

Example 4 100 parts by weight of chlorinated rubber are used in 600 parts by weight a solvent mixture consisting predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons solved.

25 parts by weight of the plasticizer according to Example 3 are added. Of the chlorinated rubber film remaining after the solvent mixture has evaporated soft, highly elastic and lightfast.

Example 5 From 60 parts of a commercially available emulsifier-containing polyvinyl chloride and 40 parts of the acetal carboxylic acid ester prepared from dioxystearic acid and formaldehyde-dimethyl acetal or 40 parts of dioctyl phthalate, two test films were produced in a known manner by processing on a roller mill at customary processing temperatures, on which, after appropriate conditioning, 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity, the following property values were determined: Dioctyl Acetal phthalate Modulus 100 ° / o, kg / cm2 ...... 37 50 Tensile strength, kg / cm2 .... 134 151 Elongation at break, ° / o ........ 402 380 Softness 47 43 Shore hardness ............... 66 68 Rebound resilience, "/ ...... 14 9 Loss in water, "/, 7 # 0 -0, 15 Example 6 To determine the plasticizer property values, the following films were produced from polyvinyl chloride: Film A: 60 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 20 parts of di-2-ethylhenxyl phthalate, 20 parts of formaldehyde acetal of the dioxystearic acid ester.

Film B: 60 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 20 parts of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, 20 parts of formaldehyde acetal of phenoxyethanol.

The mixtures were homogenized in a known manner on a mixing roller and processed into test films 0.5 mm thick. After 72 hours of conditioning at 20 ° C and 65 ° / o relative humidity, the following values were determined: Slide A Slide B Modulus 100%, kg / cm2 ..... 39 36 Tensile strength, kg / cm2 .... 154 148 Elongation at Break, "/ ........ 389359 Cold break, ° C ............- 35-24 Softness 43 43 Shore hardness ................... 66 66 Rebound resilience,% ....... 01 7 Loss in water, ° / o, 7 0-1, 80

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Use of acetals or ketals of organic oxycarboxylic acid esters as a softening and gelatinizing agent for high polymer materials. Considered publications: German Patent Specifications No. 728 663, 737 949, 664 732.