DE1090034B - Double-acting hydraulic lever damper - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The invention relates to double-acting hydraulics Lever damper with arranged in a housing two pistons, which can be moved from a central position to two end positions and thereby fluidity Displacement from one working chamber into another, with the return of the piston being more strongly damped is as · their outward run.

Known arrangements of the above type operate according to laws that relate to the speed of displacement of the piston based, which means that for an equal displacement speed of the piston and independence from the downward amplitude of the piston · the uniform damping is practically the same.

On the other hand, these known vibration dampers not only dampen the return in the middle Position, but in the same way also the movement away from this middle position. Although a known arrangement has a damping that is slightly less when traveling in than when traveling back is, then this attenuation is considerable for the outward run.

The above operating conditions are for certain Very limited applications are permitted where the damper works with a small stroke, e.g. B. for railway bogies. However, such operating conditions are extremely troublesome in most applications, e.g. B. in road vehicles, the damper have very substantial stroke lengths. In practice, it is necessary for road vehicles that the damping of vibrations with low amplitudes weak and the damping of vibrations with large Amplitudes is strong. This is not only for driving comfort, but equally off Reasons of driving behavior necessary.

The fact that the known damper according to the known arrangements, the Hinlaufhub from the middle position and dampen the return stroke towards the middle position; is neither for driving comfort still favorable for driving behavior. Actually means the damping of the outward stroke. of the Central position from that the distance between the chassis and the wheel strives to remain constant with the result that, for example, when When the wheel runs into a hole, the chassis seeks to move downwards as well the spring action is braked, and that the wheel when the vehicle speed is sufficiently high is, leaves the ground, to a little further on the Falling behind.

The object of the invention is to create an improved one Lever damper · of the above type, in which the aforementioned disadvantages of the known arrangement are avoided.

This is achieved according to the fact that double-acting
hydraulic lever damper

Applicant:

Jean Mercier,

NewYork _r Ν.Ύ. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. H. Ruschke, Berlln-Friedenau, Lauterstr. 37,

and Dipl.-Ing. K. Grentzenberg, Munich 27,

Patent attorneys

Jean Mercier, New York, NY (V. St. A.),
has been named as the inventor

the working chambers in a known manner two channels are connected, which are closed by valves, whose loading springs in the Working chambers · lie between a support on the piston and the bottom of the working chamber in such a way that the spring pressure of the backflow damping valve is greatest in the end position of the piston.

In the case of a lever damper in which a storage container is arranged in a housing, through which Filling and pressure relief valves with the two working chambers. is in connection, the filling valve opens in one channel and the pressure relief valve in the other channel.

In the case of a lever damper in which the two pistons are arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing and are moved by a pivotable lever located between the pistons, the support for the spring on the piston is formed by a shell sliding in the piston, which simultaneously serves as the Valve forms.

In the case of a lever damper in which the two pistons are arranged in parallel in cylinders lying next to one another and move in opposite directions, the valves are at the bottom of the working chambers. '■

The advantages of such a lever damper according to the invention over the known arrangements are the following:

1. The piston stroke of the damper is practically free from. the. Middle position. According to the In the example mentioned above, when the wheel hits a hole, the spring can push the wheel into the Lower the hole so that the chassis remains practically in the same plane. ' ·

009 609/225

2. The damper follows a function of the distance mem is denoted by the reference number 32, between the chassis and the wheel, which is every piston has a cylindrical one at its end indicates that the damper has an effect that the cavity 33 or 34. In each of these cylindrical Opposite force of the spring and proportional to cavities, a cup-shaped valve is slidable when, rewind is. 5 35 and 36 respectively. The sliding movements of the

3. The damper introduces a resistance, which is connected to tiles 35 and 36 by means of a threaded ring 37 Force is proportional to which the chassis adjoins.

seeks to return to its central position. In which the boundary wall of each valve 35, 36 faces Case where the suspension spring with respect to the a number of through slots 42 and 43, respectively, the Central position is relieved, the damper adds to the io are preferably arranged in a circle, the one Spring includes a domed portion or nipple 44 and 45, respectively, at each point on the return stroke. The nipples 44 and 45 are normally against is inversely proportional, so that the resultant, exactly axial openings 46 and 47 pressed, which are which causes the return, approximately constant in the bottom of the cylindrical cavities 33, 34 beüber is the total return. Will find the damper to seal the axial openings. Every fer further compressed from the central position, opening 46, 47 is with a bore 49 and 51 in z. B. when the vehicle drives over an obstacle, connection, with these holes across so on the return movement is the one opposite to the spring - the piston system 32 is replaced from its upper wall Force of the damper proportional to the stretch without reaching the lower wall 53 of the KoI force the spring, so that in turn the result system 32 to reach. Each cross hole 49, 51 animal, which causes the return, has an inlet opening 54 and 55 on the top entire return stroke is approximately constant. Wall 52 of the piston system 32 and stands with axial

4. The lever damper according to the invention ensures lines 56, 57 in connection, which are adjacent to thus provides a superior effect for which the lower wall 53 of the piston system 32 is formed practical application and allows better operational 25 are.

services not only for vehicles, but also The inlet opening 54 of the bore 49 has a

for all applications in industry in all-larger diameter than the bore 49, so that a

mean way too. Seat 61 for a valve flap 62 is formed. A

In the drawing, two embodiments are shown as a threaded part 63 with a bore 64 in the examples described. It shows 3 ° opening 54 screwed so that the valve flap

Fig. 1 is a view of a vehicle that is equipped with shock 62 between the seat 61 and the thorn-like dampers, winch part 63 can lift to open the bore 64 in the im

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the following described manner shown in Fig. 1 to seal. the

Vehicle, through opening 65 of the seat 61 connects the

3 shows a longitudinal section through a shock absorber 35 bore 64 with the bore 49 when the flap 62

according to the invention, rests on its seat 61. Into the inlet port 55

4 shows a detailed view of the attachment of the joint or the bore 51, a mandrel-like threaded part 66 of the damper is screwed onto the vehicle in an enlarged manner, the axial bore 67 of which is directly inserted into the Rod, 'container opens. Against this hole is supported

Fig. 5 shows a cross section along the line 5-5 of 40, a spring 69 which a ball 68 on an axial Boh-

Fig. 3 and tion 72 presses. This hole is in one

6 shows a longitudinal section through another embodiment of a second barrel-like threaded part 71 which is inserted into the insertion mold of the shock absorber according to the invention. opening 55 of the bore 51 is screwed.

The shock absorber shown in Figs. 3 to 5, although the nipples 44, 45 exist in several types from an elongated housing 11, e.g. from 45, the openings associated with them can be started or steel. The cavity 12 of the housing 46 or 47 to close tightly are in the dar-11 delimits a container which, through an opening 13, has two coil springs between the example can be filled with a liquid. This open, vertical inner wall 39 or 41 of the valves 35 opening is provided on the upper wall 14 of the housing 11 or 36 and a locking screw 77 or 78 and is normally arranged with a locking 50 which is inserted into each opening 29 or 31 of the cam screw 15 sealed. The container 12 has screwed onto a mern 25 and 26, respectively.

Side a preferably elongated opening 16, the nor- Each screw plug or screw cap 77, 78

is sometimes closed by a plate 17, which is on the inner surface with an axial bolt 79

is attached to the housing 11 with screws 18. provided, which is used to lateral shifts of the

The lower part 21 of the housing 11 has adjacent 55 helical springs 75 and 76 to prevent ..

a longitudinal bore 23 at the bottom of the case. The coil springs 75 and 76 are arranged in such a way that

on, the exact same distance from the wall 24 of that they are in the middle position of the shown in Fig. 3

Housing 11 and the closure plate 17 has. The pistons 32 are practically relaxed and as a result

Bore 23 does not limit the two chambers at its ends with any significant pressure on the corresponding

25 and 26. 60 orderly valves 35 and 36 exercise.

As shown in Fig. 3, there is each chamber 25. Means are provided for the system d, he KoI-

and 26 with the container 12 via through-slots 32 from the central position which it occupies in FIG. 3,

30 and 30 'in connection, the diameter of which has to be moved into the end positions. Although several

is relatively small and which are possible at an angle through the upper solutions, a lever arm 82 is shown in FIG. 3

Wall 31 'of each of the two chambers run. 65 shown, the effective end 81 of which has a spherical shape

Each chamber 25, 26 is slidably cylindrical and extends into a transverse cavity 84. This arranged shear piston. According to Fig. 3 are formed in the center piece in which the two pistons from one piece. Combine the piston of system 32 thus formed. Between the System, the lower total length of which is the distance between end 81 and cavity 84, are two in number the opposite ends of the two cam 70 movable elements 85, dia a joint part with the

5 6

Form end 81, and also has such a shape 143. The opening 143 has a larger opening that the two elements together as a mandrel in one part as the pipe, so that a seat act like part formed in the cavity 84 slide 144 for a "valve 145 that can normally. This arrangement enables the required manner of a coil spring 146 on this seat vertical play during the drive of the piston 5 is pressed. The spring is supported by a system of thorns 32. The upper end 88 of the arm 82 is with like threaded part 147, which helps in the part with large e the grooves 89 is screwed on a rotatable axis 87 rem diameter and a bore stored. 148 has.

Fig. 6 shows another shock absorber after the There are means to the pistons 102 and

Invention. This consists of a tight housing 10 103 to be driven in such a way that the

92, for example made of cast iron or steel. The upper mern 98 and 99 in a reciprocally limited volume

Part 93 of the housing 92 is hollow and delimits a mina to be changed in the opposite sense.

Container, which through an opening 94 with flow The means shown in Fig. 6 as an example loading

medium or liquid can be filled. These are made up of a compensating or rocking lever 151,

The opening is located on the upper wall 95 of the Ge 15, the central part of which has a bore 152. In this engages

housing and is - normally with a lock - an axis 153, which is fixed by the grooves 154 with the

screw 96 sealed. Rocker arm is connected. The rocker arm 151

In the lower part 97 of the housing 92 is countersunk consists of a pair of oppositely arranged

right a pair of cylindrical chambers 98, 99 arranged arms 149, 150, the ends 155, 156 of which are bent

net, the upper ends of which are at the level of the lower wall 20 that the vibrations of the axis 153 on the

101 of the container 93 lie. The two chambers 98 pistons 102, 103 are transferred. From Fig. 6

and 99 are assigned to two sliding pistons 102 and 103, it is known that a vibration is the volume of a

the upward chamber of the coil springs 104 and 105, respectively, diminishes when the volume of the other

are pressed, which on the one hand increases on the working chamber due to the spring 106 or 107

surfaces 108, 109 of the piston 102, 103 and on the other hand 25, and vice versa.

on the lower base surfaces 106, 107 of the chambers The shock absorber is, as shown in Fig. 3,

98, 99 support. near each wheel 163 on the cross member 161

The chambers 98 and 99 are attached via lines of the chassis 162 with screws 164, which or channels 111 and 112 bind through fixed lugs 165 of the housing 11 in reciprocal connection. In the lower bases 106 and 107 30 go. The axis 87, which drives the arm '82, is provided through outflow openings 113 and 114, and entry crosses the side wall 24 of the housing, as in FIG. 5, there are openings 116 and 115 which are shown in the lines. A swing arm 166 is assigned at its end 111 and 112 accordingly. The Aus 167 attached. The free end 168 of the swing arm flow openings are preferably in the middle of the 166 supports the steering knuckle 169 of the wheel 163.
The shock absorber shown in FIG. 6 is mounted on the walls 118 and 117 of the chambers in the same way as the shock absorber according to FIG. 3, 99 and 98, respectively. Each. The wheel is connected to a suspension spring.

The outflow openings 113 and 114 have end sections. As an example, a torsion bar 171 was provided with a larger diameter than the line. One end of each torsion bar is grooved gen ·, so that seats 121 and 122 are created, on which 40 fastened at 172 to a cross member 161, and that the valve flaps 123 and 124 rest. Each other end is fixed to axis 87 at 153 valve flapper 123, 124 are coil springs 126 and brought, respectively.

127 assigned, which are located on the flaps 123, 124 and To illustrate the mode of action of the shock

the working surface of the pistons 102, 103. damper according to the invention should, for example,

These have retaining bolts 129 which are used to take the vehicle weight 11 for 45

lateral displacements of the springs 126, 127 to each wheel when the vehicle is in its

impede. Central position, i.e. that it does not move or

Dia extending coaxially to the springs 104, 105 that it rolls on a flat surface, and that among springs 126, 127 are chosen so that they do not under these conditions the torsion bar such a substantial pressure on the valve flaps 123 ,. 124 50 learns that the levers 166 and 166 'exert par when the pistons are in the central position ^{1 shown} in FIG. In this piston point run ·.

the springs 106, 107 are only slightly together- In this state the various egg-

pressed and exercise a direction from bottom to top of the shock absorber such a position as in

exerted force on the pistons. 55 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

A line or channel 131 connects the cam. It is also assumed that the torsion mer 98 through the openings 132 and 133 with the bar loads between 0 and 2 t below the container 93. The opening 133 has a larger throw and that these limits for the Diameter than the line and 'forms a seat 134 levers 166, 166' angular displacements of 45 ° for a valve flap 135.. 60 correspond to both sides from the central position that they

Assume a throat-like threaded part 136 with a bore at a load of 11.

137 is screwed into the opening 133 so that the pistons 32 (FIG. 3) and

Valve flap 135 can lift from its seat 134, the piston 102, 103 (Fig. 6) experience the corresponding

in order to lie against the part 136 and the bore corresponding springs 75, 76 and 126, 127 do not collapse

137 to close tightly. When the flap on the 65 press. When the levers 166, 166 'move 45 ° in

Seat 134 rests, a through opening is to be turned counterclockwise if both

deal through which liquid from the container 93 the wheel hits a road bump, for example

to chamber 98 can flow. and the torsion bar a load of 2 t

The line 111 is connected to the container 93 via which it is learned that the springs 76 and 126 are maximally closed.

Line 141 in connection, the openings 142 and 7 ° pressed together and assumed to practice one

Force of 100 kg against the valve 36 and the valve flap 123 . If, in contrast, the levers 166, 166 ' rotate 45 ° clockwise, for example when the wheel hits a recess or hole and the stress on the tarsian rod is approximately zero, the springs 75 and 127 are compressed to the maximum and load the valve 35 and the flap 124 with 100 kg.

At the same time, it should be assumed, for example, that the openings 46, 47 and the cross section of the outflow openings 113, 114 have an area size of 0.5 cm ² and that the effective working surfaces of the pistons 32 and 102, 103 have a surface area of 50 cm ² . On the other hand, if the length of arm x82 and each arm 149, 150 of rocker arm 151 is 5 cm and the length of levers 166 and 166 'is 50 cm, the forces applied to pistons 32 or 102, 103 are multiplied by ten.

Claims (4)

Claims: 20 1. Double-acting hydraulic lever damper with two pistons arranged in a housing, which can be displaced from a central position into two end positions and thereby displace fluid from one working chamber into another, the return of the pistons being more strongly damped than their outward movement, characterized in that, that the working chambers (25 and 26, 98 and 99) are connected in a manner known per se by two channels (56 and 57, 111 and 112) which are closed by valves (44 and 45, 123 and 124) whose loading springs ( 75 and 76, 126 and 127) in the working chambers between a support (39 and 41, 102 and 103) on the piston and the bottom (77 and 78, 121 and 122) of the working chamber, so that the spring pressure of the return damping Valve in the end position of the piston, is largest. 2. Damper according to claim 1, wherein a reservoir is arranged in a housing, the is in communication with the two working chambers by filling and pressure relief valves, characterized in that the filling valve (62) in the one Channel (56), the pressure relief valve (68) opens into the other channel (57). 3. Damper according to claim 1, in which the two pistons are arranged coaxially in a cylindrical housing and are moved by a pivotable lever lying between the pistons, characterized in that the support (39, 41) for the spring (75, 76) is formed on the piston by a shell (35, 36) sliding in the piston, which at the same time forms the valve (44, 45) . 4. Damper according to claim I _3, in which the two pistons are arranged in parallel in adjacent cylinders and perform opposite movements, characterized in that the valves (123, 124) are on the bottom (121, 122) of the working chambers. Considered publications:
British Patent Nos. 420 630, 460 985,
506552, 548 011; U.S. Patent Nos. 2,646,136, 2,672,955. 1 sheet of drawings © 009 609/225 9.60