DE1081105B - Switch with arc extinguishing by compressed air and with a extinguishing chamber to separate the arc - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a switch with an arcing chamber for separating the arc, which with lines arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the sliding contact of the device or channels and in which the resulting from the extinguishing of the arc ionized gases by moving during the extinguishing, moving transversely to the direction of the sliding contact and penetrating into the channels Plates are discharged.

In the previously known arrangements of this type, the switching contact is simultaneously moved a dielectric gas is blown onto the arc, causing the Extinguish arc.

In order to achieve the required wind strength of the gas, such switches must be provided with additional blower wind generators that automatically when the switch contact is actuated, generate the wind that enables the arc to be extinguished. However, these arrangements have the disadvantage that they take up a lot of space and as a result of the additional Aggregates are extremely expensive.

In order to increase the effectiveness of the Gabläsewindes, it is already known to use the extinguishing chamber to equip with several nozzles, so that once the gaseous dielectric in individual jets on the arc hits and, on the other hand, the speed of these rays is significantly increased. These known arrangements are improved according to the invention in that several in parallel plates arranged to one another and having an opening in the axial direction of the switching contact as. Nozzles are provided and also have an opening in the axial direction of the switch contact movable Plates are present that slide between the first plates with such a game that at Passage of the current intensity through the value zero and under the action of the blowing wind introduced into the nozzles the arc is divided into small ionized parts of small length, width and thickness. By this arrangement works the device according to the invention much more safely than the previously known Arrangements, at the same time the entire switchgear is reduced in terms of space and thus their manufacturing costs can be lowered.

It is already known to provide movable and fixed insulating walls so that when the arc is switched off, a movable insulating wall passes through the arc path, in a space also formed by the walls. The main difference between However, this known arrangement and the device according to the invention consists in the following Arc extinguishing switch

by compressed air

and with an extinguishing chamber

to separate the arc

Applicant:

Marcel Auguste Maillot,
Limoges (France)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. R. H. Bahr

and Dipl.-Phys. E. Betzier, patent attorneys,

Herne, Freiligrathstr. 19th

Claimed priority:
France, March 17, 1956

Marcel Auguste Maillot, Limoges (France),
has been named as the inventor

Features: According to the known device, the movable plate acts through its straight end.

The arc is therefore not necessarily in the plate axis direction, especially not when there is a weak arc, the roots of which are known to be quite erratic. It can then always reignition occurs, which skips the plate edge. This would be the known device only lengthen the arch, but in no way extinguish it. To avoid this, the known device provided a recess on both sides of the plate, so a special To create a channel for the arc. But if the recess is narrow, there is a risk that the Arc does not enter it because it is too far from the axis or the recess is wide enough and the arc lays itself fully in it, so it retains a thickness that makes the separation effective decreased.

In contrast, in the device according to the invention, the arc is from the moment it is ignited guided in the opening of the movable plates and cannot escape from it. Farther the diameter of the arc is rapidly reduced by the displacement of the plates. Touch the two openings are in the form of a tangent, the arc diameter is reduced to its minimum

009 508/313

3 4

worth returned. In addition, the ionized escape which a piston 12 made of insulating material,

Gases on the rear part of the movable plates, which is provided with a suction valve 13, shift

d. H. on the part that is still high when the plate is moved. This arrangement enables blowing in

did not pass the hole in the shift rod. On air or any other gaseous used

in this way the gases are passed through these plate parts 5 dielectric,

effectively cooled and deionized. A not shown in detail, per se

The known arrangement can be brought about by the type of switch-on and switch-off device 14 known

Gas extraction have only one movable plate, over the main shaft 15 and the one seated on it

while in the device according to the invention lever 16 made of insulating material, the opening and closing

several movable plates are provided. io movement of the sliding contacts of the poles. On the

By the inventive, movable, in shaft 15, a crank 17 is keyed, which in turn

the arc pushing plates is hinged to a push rod 18 that has a

Arc into extremely small segments, a shaft 20 wedged crank arm 19 actuated,

divides, so that by acting on these segments this crank arm 19 is actuated via the crank 21 and

gaseous dielectric a cooling and 15 the push rod 22 the piston 12 of the pump, which

Extinction of the arc is achieved. At the same time, the blown air for the various extinguishing chambers

can also be the volume of the imported gaseous supplies.

Medium, e.g. B. air, compared to the known arrangement In the execution shown in Figs. 1 to 3

voltages are considerably reduced, so that the form of insurance is a kind of one in the quenching chamber

The size of the wind generator also reduced 20 slide gate valve, which was made appropriately

can be. Despite the small wind pressure, the selected insulating material can

In the case of the switch according to the invention, the switching elements consist and also of gas-generating fibers

speed can be increased, whereby the movement can consist. The arcing chamber points

speed of the plates, which is proportional to the one fixed between the half frames 1, 2

Separation speed is, in the part stretched for the deletion 25, which consists of a certain number of plat-

dcs arc extraordinarily favorable way to th 23 consists of each other by glued

added to the blowing speed of the dielectric. Spacers are separated, and also a movable

With small switches, the invention allows borrowed. Part on that of plates 24, which between the

proper design of the switch eliminating the need for plates 23 with a certain amount of play (for example

a blower wind generator, as it can slide through the movements 30 in the order of 0.5 mm),

movement of the movable plates consists of lamellar ones. The plates 23 and 24 are in order to

Clearing generated wind already to enable the extinction of the gang of the rod 8, pierced.

Arc can be sufficient. The plates. 24 form a block that is perpendicular to

Further features and advantages of the axis of the rod 8 according to the invention are corrected by means of a pin 25 Device going from the description at 35 can be pushed onto the two screws 26 and Hand of the figures. Of these, 27 shows sit, which are connected to the shaft 20 via a lever arrangement

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a switch voltage, which consists of the crank arms and push rods 28,

according to the invention and 29, 30, 31 and 34 are connected. The Ver-

2 and 3 a side view and a plan view of the sliding movement takes place naturally only from

on this switch; 4 ° at the moment at which the rod 8 opens

FIG. 4 is an illustration of curves which the openings of the movable plates 25 have released.

Explain the extinguishing effect; This is made possible by the fact that in the transmission

5 to 8 show a schematic representation between 28 and 29, but only at that moment

the different stages of the operation of the trigger, a game is present while at

Extinguishing device according to FIGS. 1 to 3, 45 in the opposite direction of movement, the push rod 29

In the schematic representations of Figs. 5 to 8 by a pawl 32 which on the head 30 is the thrust the arc or the ionized elements in rod 31 is attached, is taken. if dotted lines and those between the ionized plates 24 return to their original position. Elements located clean air elements hatched lifts a guide cam 33 the pawl 32, and the shown. 50 push rod 31 can thus continue their movement,

The switch shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 according to without the push rod via a path which is the same as that of the invention consists of a two-part support initial game to take. ' The pawl 32 and the frame 1, 2 made of a material of a corresponding push rod 28 are constantly held ready by springs in the mechanical strength and dielectric strength. The disks 26 and 27 are supported on three poles, each two 55 of ^{which are} connected to form a frame, at both ends of which are insulators 3, 4 (with an actuating device of the same type as they are cemented to the conductors), which in the half-frame 1 and 2, for example above for the simultaneous actuation of the movable by means of bolts, are attached, and two fixed borrowed plates 24 of the three arcing chambers described contacts 5 and 6, namely so-called tulip cones, attacks.

clocks, of which the contact 6 with a him against 60. To reduce the duration of the arc, the arc protective shoulder 7 must be provided, the movable rod 8 includes a before its ignition. Run through a certain path in the bores of the two contacts 5. The entirety of the and 6 is a rod 8 displaceable, which forms the moving mechanism for lifting the rod 8 and Beliche element of the contact system. This operation of the blower pistons must therefore take up a speed rod ends in a cylindrical extension 9 to 65 digkeit, whereby this speed per ignition of the arc in a damage to the proportional to the period of time from the beginning of the movement of the body of the cylinder, which forms the working surface, is,
"Preventive way. Before now the device for deleting the

The arcing chamber of each of the poles is generally arcing by means of those described above

10 denotes. It consists of a cylinder 11, which is explained in 70 extinguishing chamber, which in the case of the

I 081

Arc extinguishing principles to be taken into account (on the basis of the curves in FIG Representing stresses as a function of times).

In the following, the most difficult case of interrupting a purely induction circuit is calculated will. As is well known, in this case the curve of the recovery of tension (curve) a voltage with the frequency of the free oscillation.

_{f =} 1

^T ° 2n ~ fLG '

based on the nominal voltage (curve B) , a frequency that is 2000 Hz, for example.

In order for the extinction to take place without re-ignition of the arc, it is necessary that the regeneration curve of the dielectric (curve C) does not intersect the curve of the recovery of the voltage. In other words, a dielectric length of 10 cm (for 30 kV, the overvoltage is approximately twice the power voltage 15 kV, which was chosen as an example) must be restored _{in a time of about V 2 500 seconds.}

This requirement is met by the extinguishing device according to the invention.

Fig. 5 shows the slide at the moment of separation of the contacts. Immediately after the movable rod 8 is released, the slide slides to the right and mechanically narrows the column of ionized gas (Fig. 6) seated on the arc support 36, the dimensions of this column be reduced quite significantly, so that a small amount of air to be conveyed through the piston is sufficient to restore the dielectric. As it slides on, the slide deforms the arc, cools it down between its movable and fixed parts (FIG. 7) and, according to the illustrated embodiment, guides it to six horizontal parts m, η in the direction of the blower wind on the one caused by the displacement of the piston generated blower wind over. With sufficient speed ^ of the air in the illustrated embodiment, when the current intensity passes through the value zero, six horizontal sub-arcs m, w made of pure dielectric, the length of which is proportional to ν in each case, are formed. So you get

50

ν 1 see. 10 centimeters

2500 =

and thus

10cm-2500 ". _r , ν = ~ = 41.6m / sec.

55

A wind at this speed can be achieved by a pressure of about 700 g / cm, which can be achieved without difficulty by the independent air generator of the switch. In the devices known at present, large amounts of air and thus considerable pressures are required. For example, in the example given, a pressure of the order of magnitude of 5 to 10 kg / cm ^{2 would be} necessary, which makes the installation of compressed air tanks and auxiliary compressors necessary.

When the ionized arc heated column has a plug, i.e. a plug. H. Counter-pressure, educates, must be one stronger fan pressure can be ignored.

- By \ in the ^r of the plates occurring reduction erschiebung of the volume of the chamber on the one hand and the small cross section of the blower on the other hand, the fan energy is low, namely at about 50 cm ³ at 5 kg / cm ² at a maximum.

If necessary, counter pressure platesii must be provided will.

On the other hand, as a result of the gradually increasing fan pressure, the sheet and needs to be torn off so that an overvoltage, especially when separating narrow arches, is not to be feared.

Of course, you can choose an appropriate number on the axis of the arc of plates can achieve any number of air bands when the current strength passes through zero. The inventive The device thus enables correspondingly favorable conditions for the extinction of strong or weakly intense arc.

In addition to these advantages, the quenching space with slide according to the invention enables an increase in the erasing speed of the contacts, since the length of the arc is equal to the path of the movable contact multiplied by 2n times the speed of the slide, where η is the number of movable plates. In addition, the sheet is cooled in the spaces between the plates.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Switch with arc extinguishing by compressed gas and with an extinguishing chamber for separating the Arc that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the sliding contact of the device arranged lines or channels for the compressed gas supply is equipped and in the the compressed air and the ionized gases created by the extinguishing of the arc moved during the deletion and shifting transversely to the direction of the sliding contact and into the Canals penetrating movable plates are carried away, characterized by several parallel to each other arranged plates having an opening in the axial direction of the switching contact (8) (23) as nozzles and also in the axial direction of the switching contact having an opening movable Plates (24) which slide between the plates (23) with such a play that the passage the current intensity through the value zero and under the action of the introduced into the nozzles Blow wind divides the arc into small ionized parts of small length, width and thickness will. 2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (24) are substantially Move perpendicular to the direction of movement of the switch contact (8). 3. Switch according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the movable plates (24) with the interposition of a corresponding gear (25 to 31, 34) through the shaft (20) with the main shaft (15) of the movable contact connected fan pump (11 ^ 12). 4. Switch according to claim 3, characterized in that that the gear (25 to 31, 34) of the movable Plates (24) comprises a ratchet mechanism (32, 33) which acts in one direction and one Dead center during switching off, so that the movement of the plates (24) only then takes place when the movable contact (8) is provided for the passage of this contact (8) has released openings in the plates (24). 5. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that in the extinguishing chamber (10) gas-generating Fibers are provided. 6. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that to change the dimensions of the Arcing chamber (10) the poles of the switch in one two-part support frame (1, 2) sit, between the two parts of which the extinguishing chamber (10) is arranged is. Considered publications: German Patent Specifications Nos. 591 598, 652 800, 687;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,454,121, 2,526,387, 604,564. 1 sheet of drawings