DE1078171B - Magnetic indexing and storage device - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

For electronic calculating machines and also for counting and control purposes, counting and Stepping devices required whose step-by-step speed is many times higher than can be achieved for example by electromechanical devices. One therefore has such stepping devices built with electron tubes, which have to cope with very high step-by-step speed capital.

It is known, however, that electron tubes have a limited life and very are sensitive to interference. Since such counting and stepping devices consist of a large number of electron tubes are constructed, it is found that the reliability and durability are due to the use is considerably restricted by electron tubes. Furthermore, such tube arrangements mean one considerable effort, they take up a lot of space and use a relatively large amount of electrical energy.

The heat that always occurs when electrical energy is consumed requires unnecessary effort in the device dimensions and increased safety regulations and thus increases the cost of the other components.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, in recent years people have switched to building such numbering and stepping devices with the help of magnetic components, avoiding electron tubes and, if possible, restricting the required number of semiconductor components (transistors, diodes) as amplifiers or switches because they also generate heat and, above all, are very temperature-sensitive themselves. Several types of such magnetic step peeling devices have become known. Depending on the number of steps required, they use a large number of toroidal cores made of a material with a preferably rectangular hysteresis loop. A plurality of windings are generally applied to these toroidal cores, one of which is used to bring input information into such a magnetic core in such a way that it has a negative remanence state, for example, which is referred to below as the "0" position should, is transferred to the positive remanence state, which is to be referred to as "1" from now on.

Another winding, namely the feed winding, is used to bring the toroidal core back from position "1" to position "0" by means of a so-called feed pulse. With this flux reversal, which only occurs if the core previously had a content of "1", a voltage surge is induced in a third winding, a so-called output winding.
and storage device

Applicant:

Kienzle Apparate GmbH,
Villingen (Black Forest)

Günter Martens, Schliersee,
has been named as the inventor

members is transferred to the input winding of a subsequent core and this from the position "0" is remagnetized to position "1". The intermediary Coupling links should transmit this voltage pulse in step-by-step direction, however, they must prevent a pulse from entering the input winding of the through a feed pulse of the queried core is induced, in the rearward direction, i.e. in the opposite direction to the stepping direction, acts on the previous core and enters incorrect information in this. Semiconductor diodes are generally used for these coupling means. One in the initial term A signal input to such a chain-like arrangement is then stepped by the Vorsdhubimpulse transported through the chain, each time the link through which the signal is currently is transported, can emit an output signal to the outside. Such arrangements work on themselves extremely reliable, and their service life is essentially only determined by the service life of the Semiconductor diodes limited, which exceeds that of electron tubes many times over. These semiconductor diodes however, have a certain resistance in the flow direction, which z. B. at the Gold wire diodes can be very small, but which is energetically favorable and these flow resistance values Requires a fitted number of turns of the windings on the individual toroidal cores. This will the winding of such toroidal coils is difficult because of the relatively high number of turns required and expensive.

Another application form of toroidal cores with rectangular cores that has become known technically up to now Hysteresis loop consists in making

939 767/274

Storage systems in the form of so-called storage matrices. Such memory matrices can be called a View latticework of intersecting vertical and horizontal wires which are separated from each other are isolated and are passed through a toroidal core at the individual crossing points. However, the production of such matrices is quite laborious. It is known that attempts have been made to this Large number of toroidal cores at the crossing points of the wires by a single large ferromagnetic Replace plate made of a material with a rectangular hysteresis loop, which corresponds to the multitude the intersection points and is provided with holes in the same geometric arrangement. the Wires are then passed through these bores one after the other. This arrangement then results in essentially the same, known mode of operation of the Memory matrices. It is also known to use such ferromagnetic plates with a plurality of bores to build magnetic gate circuits, which are able to one or more Simultaneously open and close transmission channels, with the control of the gate circuit through electrical impulses or by permanent magnets.

The invention now has the aim of creating a magnetic stepping device, which particularly is simple in construction, only requires a small number of turns per stage and the use of Making semiconductor diodes superfluous in the transmission links between the individual stages.

According to the invention this is achieved in that a plate made of a ferromagnetic material is provided with a preferably rectangular hysteresis loop, which corresponds to the total number of steps Number of recesses is provided, which individually or in pairs of several windings are penetrated and each by one by the coercive force of the material and by the Applied field strength limited magnetization "area are wrapped around, and the recesses are arranged to one another in such a way that the magnetization areas · each of two adjacent recesses overlap in a common section.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, groups of recesses are arranged in the plate made of ferromagnetic material, of which one group with η recesses is the value group, another with η - 1 recesses is a transmission group, the recesses of a transmission group being arranged so that in each case one of them overlaps two recesses of the value group in a common section.

Another feature can be seen in the fact that each recess is assigned a feed winding and the advance windings for the value group and the advance windings for the transfer group are each combined into a self-contained circuit.

Each of the recesses is penetrated by one or more windings. One by one Winding current flowing now creates a magnetization area around the recess, its Expansion due to the coercive force of the material on the one hand and the field strength generated by the feed pulse on the other hand is limited. The magnetization area can only be in such an area expand around the recess, within which the field strength in the plate is greater than or equal to the Is the coercive force of the material. The recesses with the associated magnetization areas are so arranged with respect to one another that the magnetization areas each of two adjacent recesses overlap in a common section.

In the initial state, the magnetization areas assigned to the recesses therefore prevail in each case such a remanent flux direction that - seen in the direction of the step - each magnetization area the following is locked against magnetization reversal by feed pulses.

This locking is achieved by the overlapping of the two magnetization areas in sections two adjacent recesses reached, the flow direction of the overlap portion in each case corresponds to that of the preceding magnetization area in the direction of the step. This makes the original annular self-contained magnetic flux in the following magnetization range in its Overlap area interrupted by a section in the opposite direction of flow. Now enter the associated feed winding on a pulse, which strives to re-magnetize this magnetization area, in this way he already finds a section of the flow direction he is striving for, which is saturated and therefore acts like an air gap, so that the field strength generated by the feed pulse is forced into this area and remains practically ineffective in the rest of the area. Consequently the magnetization area is locked against magnetization reversal by feed pulses. This blockage is only canceled by a flux reversal in the preceding magnetization range. In this case, the polarity of the flow direction in the common section is reversed, so that now the following feed pulse forms a closed magnetic circuit with a direction of flow opposite to the one he is striving for, which he is now able to re-magnetize.

The invention now sees a chain-like arrangement in such a ferromagnetic plate of recesses, the magnetization areas of which overlap in the manner described and - seen in the direction of the step - a magnetization area locked the following. The starting link of the chain is not locked in the starting position, since a preceding magnetization area and thus its overlapping section is missing., This The initial link can therefore be remagnetized by the first feed pulse. This will make the The locking of the following magnetization area is canceled, and this can be replaced by the next Feed pulse are remagnetized, with the locking of the next magnetization area at the same time will be annulled. This process is now planted step by step with each feed pulse through the entire stepping mechanism. So that not when one is remagnetized released magnetization area unlocks the next magnetization area impaired by a feed pulse coming into effect at the same time in its feed winding is, it is provided according to the invention that the feed windings of adjacent recesses alternately fed with feed pulses. An alternating step system comes in for this purpose the way to use that a step is divided into two half-steps, which follow each other in time. For each step there are therefore two recesses in the ferromagnetic plate

assigned. The first half-step should be used in the future as "A" step and the second can be referred to as the "B" step. The advance vibrations of the "A" steps assigned recesses and the recesses assigned to the "B" steps become summarized in a feed winding group. The feed pulse generator is now known per se Means designed so that by an input signal, which a total step in the stepping mechanism should cause an »A« - »B« feed pulse pair to be triggered, whereby the “B” pulse follows the "A" pulse at a certain time interval. The feed pulses are generated by the pulse generator each supplied to the associated feed winding group.

Those that take place one after the other in the individual magnetization areas as a result of the feed pulses Reversals of the magnetic fluxes induce each in one of the respective magnetization areas associated output winding a voltage surge, which indicates that the corresponding number of steps has been reached and further electronic devices according to the intended use of the stepping mechanism can be supplied as a control signal.

The described mode of operation of the ferromagnetic plate ensures that the control the signal output from the individual links step by step according to the feed pulses and link for link of the stepping mechanism one after the other only through the overlapping sections of the magnetisehen Fluxes in the individual magnetization areas is accomplished. Compared to the im previously mentioned stepping mechanisms, which for this purpose special transmission means in Need the form of semiconductor diodes, which are also combined with resistors or capacitors to form a network are combined, the arrangement according to the invention offers a comparatively simple one for this purpose Means through the overlapping of the magnetic fluxes.

After the sequencer has run through once in the manner described, the directions must of the magnetic fluxes in the individual magnetization areas are brought back to the original state before the stepping process can be repeated. For this purpose, the individual recesses reset windings' provided in such a way that a reset pulse more suitable Polarity restores the original constellation of remanent magnetic fluxes. Like in one The following description of an exemplary embodiment is shown, this provision is facilitated in that the overlapping sections of the magnetization areas after passing through the stepping mechanism have automatically returned to their original position with regard to their direction of flow and do not require any special provision.

If a soldhes stepper z. B. for counting purposes is to be used, it is advisable that when reversing the magnetization of the last magnetization area an output signal induced in its output winding to trigger a pulse generator is used, which by means of a current pulse of suitable polarity through the reset windings then resets the step-by-step switch to the starting position. Will be several If such counting steps are used one after the other, then this reset pulse generator can be used simultaneously to generate of the feed pulses can be used for the next counting level.

Another advantageous property of such a stepping mechanism is to be seen in the fact that it it is possible to reverse the step direction by reversing the polarity of the feed pulses. So that results a particularly advantageous application for counting levels that are to count up and down. If such a counting stage runs below "0" during the counting, the output signal can come from that of the recess The output winding assigned to "0" is used to trigger a reset pulse generator which, by means of a pulse corresponding to reversed polarity, resets the Stepping mechanism to the highest value count.

The invention is detailed below for an exemplary embodiment as a decimal counting stage explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of such a counting stage;

Fig. La shows the circuit of all windings and their interconnection with the feed and reset generators;

Fig. 2 shows a possible embodiment of a ferromagnetic suitable for such a counting stage Plate;

Fig. 3 a to 3f each show a section of a such ferromagnetic plate with the successive counting steps entered accordingly Directional arrows of the respective flux directions in the magnetization areas;

Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of a feed winding in the recesses of the ferromagnetic plate.

The arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 1 represents a decimal counting stage. It consists of the ferromagnetic plate 1, which has ten circular recesses 20 to 29 for the "A" steps and nine recesses 30 to 38 for the "B" steps. The step direction through the ferromagnetic plate takes place in a zigzag path from left to right when counting up. In each case a magnetization area belonging to the “A” steps overlaps with the adjacent magnetization area belonging to a “B” step in the areas 821 to 839. For the sake of simplicity, only the start and end parts of the ferromagnetic plate are shown in FIG . In the recesses 20 to 29 are the windings 420 to 429 for the "A" step pulses. These advancing lobes are wound over the overlapping portions 830-838. The feed lugs 530 to 538 for the “B” step pulses are located in the recesses 30 to 38 and are wound over the overlapping sections 821 to 829. The feed windings for the "A" step pulses are - not shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity - combined in series to form feed winding group A. The same applies to the advancing weights B, which are also combined to form a advancing winding group B. In all recesses there are reset windings 720 to 738 towards the outside of the ferromagnetic plate, which are connected in series and are connected to a reset pulse generator 8 via a line 81. The reset generator 8 receives its trigger signal from a winding 6 which is applied to a side of the value recess 29 associated with the “A” steps facing the outside of the ferromagnetic plate 1.

FIG. 2 shows the overall picture of a ferromagnetic plate 1 suitable for this purpose. To part of the recesses, the

7 8

The corresponding magnetization areas are shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity. Order of the precedents associated with the "A" steps

3 a shows the directions of the thrust winding 420 shown individually in an arrow representation. The winding magnetic fluxes in the magnetization areas sense is such that the magnetization area and in the overlapping sections in the output 5 20 were caused by a clockwise feed pulse. Again, for the sake of clarity, the magnetization is reversed. As can be seen, this front is only shown a part of the ferromagnetic plate. It can be seen that in the initial state the winding 420 with the magnetization area 30 chains gnetic fluxes of the individual areas in this. In this area he would strive for a Ummagneti trap, for example, in a counterclockwise direction. As set to be that of the clockwise. If, however, the greater part of this area is already saturated in the lap section between the areas 20 and 30 of this direction of flux, the advance, ie the direction of the flux due to the magnetization pulse in this area, has no effect,
area 20 determined, while in the overlapping consecutively nine steps pulses have been entered. As already in the

It can be seen that only the area 20 explains one in detail, the first step pulse is in one

its direction uninterrupted flux flow feed part pulse "A" over the windings 420 and

sits. All other areas are therefore, after the previous ao, in a second partial feed pulse »B« via the

standing versions have been divided against a reversal of magnetization winding 530. In transferred

locked by feed pulses. The first "A" pre-sense is thus the value "1" in the form of a

The thrust pulse can therefore only reverse the flux in the magnetization of the two recesses 20 and 30

Effect area 20. included in plate 1. After the ninth step-

The resulting flow directions are in 85 switching pulse, all recesses are located Fig. 3 b shown. The area 20 is now in the 20 to 28 and 30 to 38 in the remagnetized state, Magnetized clockwise, while the area 30 and there is now a forward movement as the tenth switching step self-contained flux has a thrust impulse in the "A" windings, which is only through its locking is released and it becomes effective via the winding 429 by the magnetized by the following “B” feed pulse in the clock recess 29. In this reverse direction magnetized. magnetization takes place in a special winding 6

FIG. 3 c shows the resulting Flußver- a pulse is induced, which a reset generator 8

run. The area 21 is now released and can be supplied. Because of this start impulse

be remagnetized by the following "A" 'pulse, the generator 8 sends via a line 81 into the

the. At the same time you can see that the area 20 is now 35 reset windings 720 to 738 a reset

is locked against magnetization reversal. impulse that reduces all recesses 20 to 38

FIGS. 3d to 3f show the directions of the flux in the magnetized state that they return to the individual areas and overlap sections shown in FIG. 3a,
which is set after the following »A« and so that the entire plate 1 is set again in the “B” steps. If one compares the initial position in FIGS. 3 and 40, ie in the "0" position, and is ready to take up FIG. 3a, which shows the starting position, then new step pulses would be ready. In the event that it can be seen that in the overlapping sections after the plate 1 as a component of an arithmetic unit or counter, the counting stage passes through the output flow directions which are known to have been restored from several decades according to FIG. 3a. Only where it is intended to be used, the generator 8 is designed more or less the outer edges of the ferro- 45 that at the same time with the reset pulse facing parts of the individual a feed pulse into the plate of the next higher magnetization areas has the flux direction decade there and thus solves the problem of the polarity reversal of the tens, transmission.

If you look at Fig. 1, you can see that in the following, the possibility of back-

these parts explained along the outer edge of the plate 1 to 50 counting down with such devices

a self-contained way of becoming magnetic. As already mentioned, it is possible to go through

Merge the river. The reset winding, the polarity reversal of the feed pulses, the step

720 to 738 act on this external path, so that direction to change.

by means of a reset pulse of suitable polarity an assumption that one would have with such an Flow reversal in these areas is enforced 55 order in upward direction two steps can, with which the initial state is completely executed again (see Fig. 3e) and would now be restored for the purpose of restoring will. A partial magnetic abbreviated counting reverses the polarity of the feed pulses If this resetting process ends on the way over, then the next following "A" pulse has then the webs between the individual recesses have no effect on any magnetization area, because Plate through to the opposite side is 60 all areas except area 31 are locked, avoided by the overlap areas. The magnetization area 31 is, however, located at 821 up to 838 already in the desired flow direction due to the reset pulse. Only the one sought after Are in the direction of flow, and in the subsequent "B" pulse the direction of flow is therefore reversed gen the restoring field strengths occur in opposite directions and in the magnetization area 31 around, and it appears therefore cancel each other out. The magnetization reversal for the purpose of 65 the state shown in FIG. 3 d. In the end it will be Resetting can therefore only be done along the outside after the last "A" pulse that shown in Fig. 3a edges of the plate 1 take place. State restored.

If with such an arrangement, the feed windings for the "A" pulses are from one in the bores 20 to 29 cut out the overlap magnetization state of the highest value 830 to 838 wrapped. ■ 70 going, counting down in reverse direction

is to be, it is necessary to swap the cycle time of the feed pulses at the same time as the polarity reversal of the feed pulses, which is necessary for counting down, so that the feed winding group 420 to 429 feed pulses are fed to cycle time B and the feed winding group 530 to 538 feed pulses are fed to cycle time A. In the other case, the recess 29 would indeed be remagnetized by the first "A"pulse; however, it would be magnetized back again by the subsequent "B" pulse, since it is not blocked. This would make a step-by-step counting backwards impossible.

In addition, it is then necessary to arrange a further feed winding 429 'in the recess 20, which is equivalent to winding 429 and which is included in feed winding group 530-538 will. The first "A" pulse then magnetizes the magnetization area by means of winding 538 29 um, the next "B" pulse by means of winding 428 the magnetization area 38 and so on, until the last "A" pulse by means of winding 429 'the magnetization area 20 is remagnetized. Through this Measures results in the same arrangement of the windings on the plate 1 for the down counting as for the upward counting, but with a mirror image reversal, d. i.e., winding group 420 bis 429 is equivalent in the count-up direction to the winding group 538 to 429 'in the count-down direction.

This can be seen from the arrangement of the mentioned advancing winding groups shown in FIG. 1 a.

In the course of a downward counting, the magnetization range corresponding to the count value with the lowest valence becomes 20 is magnetized, so in an additionally applied there, the winding 6 is equivalent Winding 6 'induces a signal which causes a reset generator 8' in the reset windings 720 to 738 to enter a reset pulse of such polarity that the counting plate 1 in the magnetic state corresponding to the highest value count is transferred. This reset generator 8 'should be set up so that it simultaneously with the described reset sends “A” - “B” feed pulse pair suitable for downward counting to the next higher counting level.

To explain in more detail the interconnection of the individual windings to form winding groups, are in Fig. 1 a omitting the magnetic plate 1, the windings and their interconnection shown with the feed and reset generators. It should be mentioned that here for the before and Down counting no separate reset generators are provided, but that with 83 and 84 Marked blocks emit both feed and return setting pulses for both step directions selectively can and also in itself the mentioned swapping of the feed pulse clock times for the Carry out a countdown. These blocks 83 and 84 are controlled for counting up or down via a control line 82. The block 83 applies feed pulse pairs to the feed pulse winding groups 420 to 429 and 530 to 538 plus 429 '. When one of the limits of the counting capacity is reached, depending on whether the counting is up or down, either the output winding 6 or the output winding 6 'sends a signal to the block 84. This signal triggers one of the in block 84 Counting direction corresponding reset pulse, which the reset winding group 720 to 738 is supplied via line 81. Block 84, like block 83, is controlled via the line in such a way that that it emits pulses corresponding to the desired counting direction. Except for the reset pulse the block 84 also sends a feed pulse pair of the corresponding polarity to the next higher one Counting level via output terminals 85 and 86.

Claims (17)

Patent claims: 1. Magnetic stepping and memory device, that consists of a ferromagnetic plate provided with a plurality of recesses Material with a preferably rectangular hysteresis loop, characterized in that that this plate is provided with a number of recesses corresponding to the total number of steps is, which are penetrated individually or in pairs by several windings and each one limited by the coercive force of the material and the applied field strength Magnetization area are wrapped around, and that the recesses are arranged in relation to one another are that the magnetization areas of two adjacent recesses are in a common Overlap section. 2. Magnetic stepping device according to claim 1, characterized in that groups of recesses are arranged in the plate (1) made of ferromagnetic material, one group with η recesses the value group (20 to 29), another with n-l recesses one Transmission group (30 to 38), the recesses of a transmission group being arranged in such a way that in each case one of them overlaps two recesses of the value group in a common section. 3. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each recess a feed winding is assigned and the feed windings (420 to 429) for the value group (20 to 29) and. the feed windings (530 to 538) for the transfer group (30 to 38) are each combined into a self-contained circuit. 4. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the recesses (20 to 38) are arranged and the feed windings (420 to 429 and 530 to 538) on the Overlap sections chain the recesses in such a way that the order of the recesses is one after the other unlocking magnetization areas (821 to 838) and thus the step direction is fixed. 5. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the recesses (20 to 38) assigned magnetization areas (821 to 838) by means of windings assigned to them in the initial state each have such a remanent flow direction that in the step direction seen due to the flux directions in the overlapping sections of each magnetization area the following is locked against magnetization reversal by feed pulses. 6. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the initial member of the Chain (20 or 29) has one less overlap portion and thus in the initial state is not locked and can be remagnetized by a feed pulse, whereby the locking of the following link (30 909 767 / 274- or 38) is canceled, so that this can in turn be remagnetized by a subsequent feed pulse, and this process is repeated step by step through the entire indexing mechanism with each further feed pulse. 7. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the feed windings (z. B. 420 and 530) of adjacent recesses (20 and 30) are alternately acted upon with feed pulses, so that when magnetizing a previously released magnetization area, the unlocking of the next Magnetization area is not hindered by a feed pulse which is simultaneously effective in its feed winding. 8. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one step in each case two adjacent magnetization areas are assigned, which alternately one after the other in the type of feed pulses are applied, that a step is divided into two half steps will. 9. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a feed pulse generator is designed so that an alternating feed pulse pair is triggered for executing a step, the first pulse (A) of each of the feed winding group (420 to 429) and the second Pulse of the "second group (530 to 538) is fed. 10. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each recess (20 to 38) is assigned a reset winding (720 to 738) , which are all connected in series such that a reset pulse in this circuit is all on the ferromagnetic plate brings the magnetization areas located to the »0« or initial state regardless of the step state. 11. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that that the last recess (29) in the forward step direction has an additional winding (6), which sends a start signal when this magnetization area is reversed there is a reset generator (8) which apart from the reset pulse z. B. for the purpose of a ten carry additionally a feed pulse or a pair of feed pulses to the next one Plate (next decade). 12. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that switching means a Reversal of the polarity of the feed pulses and thus a reversal of the step direction enable. 13. The arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that in addition to reversing the polarity of the feed pulses for reversing the step direction via the same or further switching means of the feed winding group (530 to 538) the "A" pulses and the feed winding group (420 to 429) the " B «pulses are supplied. 14. An arrangement according to claim 1 and the dependent claims, characterized in that the recess (20) is associated with an additional equivalent of the winding (429) winding (429 '). 15. The arrangement according to claim 1 and the subclaims, characterized in that in the Recess (20) a further, additional, the output winding (6) of the recess (29) equivalent Output winding (6 ') is arranged. 16. Arrangement according to claim 1 and the subclaims, characterized in that the additional output winding (6 ') emits an output signal when counting in the reverse direction when the magnetization area of the recess (20) is remagnetized, and this signal is a reset pulse generator (8) triggers, which emits a reset pulse of such polarity to the reset windings (720 to 738) that the plate (1) is transferred to the magnetic state corresponding to the highest value count. 17. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that this reset generator (8) at the same time a feed pulse pair suitable for counting down to the next higher counting level e gives away. Considered publications:
British Patent No. 760 307. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 909 767/274 3.60