DE1069319B

DE1069319B -

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Publication number: DE1069319B
Application number: DENDAT1069319D
Authority: DE
Publication date: 1959-11-19

Description

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

Das bekannteste und auch heute noch meist gebräuchliche Verfahren zum Herstellen von Seife ist die Verseifung von Fetten mit Natronlauge in Siedekessel. Da sich auf diese Art aber einmal keine stets gleichbleibende Qualität gewinnen läßt und zum anderen der Herstellungsprozeß in einem Kessel beliebiger Größe z. B. bei Kernseife etwa 5 Tage beansprucht, hat man sich bereits um die Auffindung eines rationeller arbeitenden Verfahrens bemüht, wobei besonderer Wert auf die Möglichkeit der stetigen Herstellung gelegt wurde.The most well-known and still most common method of making soap is the saponification of fats with caustic soda in boilers. Since in this way there is no always Can gain constant quality and on the other hand the manufacturing process in a boiler arbitrary Size z. B. claimed about 5 days with curd soap, one has already to find one More efficient working process endeavors, with special emphasis on the possibility of constant production was laid.

Bei solchen Verfahren ist der Ablauf der Verseifungsreaktion abhängig vom Emulsionsgrad von Fett und Lauge. Wird nur eine lose Emulsion gebildet, so tritt die Verseifung entweder zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt ein, also nachdem die Masse das Reaktionsgefäß bereits verlassen hat, oder es tritt nur Teilverseifung ein, und damit resultiert eine Seife, die sehr schnell ranzig wird. Die bei den Verfahren verwendeten Emulgiergeräte geben keine Garantie für eine stets gleichbleibende und sehr innige Emulsion, so daß man zwei Stufen anordnen mußte. Während bei der neuen Anlage in jeder Stufe ein anderer Arbeitsvorgang erfolgt, wird bei den bekannten Verfahren nur eine weitere Verdichtung der bereits bestehenden Emulsion angestrebt. Während erfindungsgemäß in der ersten Stufe das eine Verseifungsmittel zugegeben wird und in der zweiten Stufe ein anderes, wird bei den bekannten Verfahren Fett und Lauge bereits in der ersten Stufe zusammengemischt und in der zweiten nur besser emulgiert oder fertige Seife zugegeben, die in diesem Fall als Emulgator dient.In such processes, the course of the saponification reaction depends on the degree of emulsion of Fat and lye. If only a loose emulsion is formed, saponification occurs either to one a later point in time, i.e. after the mass has already left the reaction vessel, or it occurs only partial saponification, resulting in a soap that goes rancid very quickly. The one in the process The emulsifying devices used do not guarantee a constant and very intimate one Emulsion, so two stages had to be arranged. While in the new system in every stage Another work process is carried out, only a further compression of the already existing emulsion aimed at. While according to the invention in the first stage the one saponification agent is added and in the second stage another one is used in the known processes Fat and lye already mixed together in the first stage and only better emulsified in the second or ready-made soap is added, which in this case serves as an emulsifier.

Die Reinigung der Seife mittels Salzlösung ist seit Jahrzehnten bekannt und wird praktisch bereits sehr lange durchgeführt. Sie beruht darauf, daß Elektrolytlösungen Kolloidallösungen (Seife) gegenüber die Eigenschaft haben, eine Trennung von festen (Seife) und flüssigen (Wasser) Bestandteilen herbeizuführen. Das anfallende Wasser, auch Unterlauge genannt, enthält alle Verunreinigungen und wird aus der Seife entfernt. Die bekannten Verfahren dienen allein der Bemühung, den Wirkungsgrad zu erhöhen, indem der sonst etwa 5 Stunden dauernde Absetzprozeß auf etwa 1 Stunde reduziert wird.The cleaning of the soap with saline solution has been known for decades and is practically already carried out for a very long time. It is based on the fact that electrolyte solutions are compared to colloidal solutions (soap) have the property of separating solid (soap) and liquid (water) components. The resulting water, also called lower lye, contains all impurities and is made of the soap removed. The known methods serve only to try to increase the efficiency, by reducing the settling process, which otherwise takes about 5 hours, to about 1 hour.

In einem Fall verwendet man schnell laufende, komplizierte und damit auch sehr teure Zentrifugen, die dazu eine laufende Wartung erforderlich machen. Das Ziel wird zwar erreicht, der Aufwand erscheint jedoch für diesen Fall zu groß. Im anderen Fall beschränkt man sich allein auf eine Vermischung von Salzwasser mit Seife und nutzt die unterschiedlichen spezifischen Gewichte der sich bildenden Phasen aus.In one case, you use fast-running, complicated and therefore very expensive centrifuges, which make ongoing maintenance necessary. The goal is achieved, the effort appears but too big for this case. In the other case you limit yourself to a mixture of Salt water with soap and uses the different specific weights of the phases that are formed.

Wird nun die in einem Fall erzielte Wirkung mitWill now use the effect achieved in a case

Verfahren und Anlage
zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen
von Seifen aller ArtProcedure and plant
for continuous production
of soaps of all kinds

Anmelder:Applicant:

MIAG Mühlenbau und Industrie
G.m.b.H.,
HannoverMIAG mill construction and industry
GmbH,
Hanover

Heinz Zilske, Braunschweig,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenHeinz Zilske, Braunschweig,
has been named as the inventor

sehr hohen Kosten erkauft, so werden im andern Fall die heutigen Qualitätsansprüche nicht befriedigt. Mit dem neuen Verfahren beschreitet man einen Mittelweg. If the cost is very high, today's quality requirements will not be satisfied. With The new process is a middle ground.

Trotz dieser erheblichen Fortschritte blieb die kontinuierliche Verseifung bei Zwang zur Zufuhr von Wärme und zur Anwendung von hohen Drücken im wesentlichen auf Neutralfette als Grundstoff beschränkt. Das ist vorwiegend dadurch bedingt, daß solche Anlagen erst durch Gewinnung und Aufarbeitung des in den Fetten enthaltenen Glycerins wirtschaftlich arbeiten. Geeignete Fette und öle stehen aber auch in Deutschland nicht in ausreichendem Maße zur Verfügung; außerdem ist ihre Verwendung fast ausschließlich auf die Herstellung von Feinseifen beschränkt, so daß sich große Anlagen für Massenherstellung nicht lohnen würden. Es werden daher die Verfahren bevorzugt, bei denen von Fettsäuren bzw. Destillatfettsäuren ausgegangen wird, die mit der gegenüber Natronlauge weit billigeren Sodalösung unter Wärmeeinwirkung verseift werden.In spite of this considerable progress, the continuous saponification was still forced to feed Heat and, for the application of high pressures, essentially limited to neutral fats as the base material. This is mainly due to the fact that such systems only through extraction and processing of the glycerine contained in the fats work economically. Suitable fats and oils are available but not available in sufficient quantities in Germany either; besides is their use almost exclusively limited to the production of fine soaps, making large plants for mass production would not be worth it. The processes are therefore preferred in which fatty acids or Distillate fatty acids are assumed to be obtained with the soda solution, which is far cheaper than sodium hydroxide solution are saponified under the action of heat.

Auch das Verfahren nach der Erfindung sieht die Verseifung von Fettsäuren mit Soda- oder Pottaschelösung oder anderen Verseifungsmitteln vor. Es unterscheidet sich von den bekannten Verfahren aber vor allem dadurch, daß sämtliche Seifen, also nicht allein Kern- und Grundseifen, sondern auch Schmierund Rasierseifen, in derselben Anlage hergestellt werden können, und zwar ohne Wärmezufuhr und ohne künstliche Druckerhöhung, und daß lediglich die beim Verseifen auftretende Reaktionswärme ausgenutzt wird.The method according to the invention also provides for the saponification of fatty acids with soda or potash solution or other saponifying agents. It differs from the known procedures though above all because all soaps, not just core and base soaps, but also lubricants Shaving soaps, can be produced in the same plant, without the addition of heat and without artificial pressure increase, and that only the heat of reaction occurring during saponification is used will.

Die Verseifung geht in zwei Stufen vor sich, wobei in der ersten Stufe nur bis zu einem bestimmtenThe saponification takes place in two stages, whereby in the first stage only up to a certain one

909 649/40S909 649 / 40S

Prozentsatz teilverseift und erst in der zweiten Stufe AOllverseift wird. Die in den beiden Stufen anfallende Reaktionswärme kann noch zum Erwärmen anderer Teile der Anlage verwendet werden. Bei der kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Schmierseifen enthält die Lauge, welche der zweiten Stufe zugeführt wird, gleichzeitig die Reduzierungssalze (Pottasche, Chlorkalium u. a.). Sollen Rasierseifen mit einem bestimmten Laugengemisch von Kali- und Natronlauge verseift werden, so wird in der ersten Stufe Kali- und in der zweiten die Natronlauge eingesetzt. Percentage is partially saponified and only AOll saponified in the second stage. The heat of reaction generated in the two stages can also be used to heat other parts of the plant. In the continuous production of soft soaps, the lye that is fed to the second stage also contains the reducing salts (potash, potassium chloride, etc.). If shaving soaps are to be saponified with a certain mixture of caustic potash and caustic soda, caustic potash is used in the first stage and caustic soda in the second.

An die kontinuierliche Verseifung in zwei Stufen schließt sich das gleichfalls kontinuierliche Waschen mit Salzwasser und im Anschluß daran zum Herabsetzen des Salzgehaltes das Waschen mit verdünnter Natronlauge, jeweils im Gegenstrom und in mindestens zwei Stufen, ohne Wärmezufuhr. Das Waschen kann auch ausschließlich mit Lauge erfolgen.The continuous saponification in two stages is followed by the likewise continuous washing with salt water and then to reduce the salt content washing with diluted Sodium hydroxide solution, each in countercurrent and in at least two stages, without supply of heat. The washing can also be done exclusively with lye.

Auf die beiden Waschstufen folgt eine Neutralisationsstufe, in der der Alkaliüberschuß durch geeignete Fettsäuren neutralisiert wird. Außerdem kann hier der Wassergehalt reguliert werden, so daß sich Seifen mit den verschiedensten Fettsäuregehalten ohne Zusatz aggregate herstellen lassen. Normalerweise fällt die Seife mit einem Fettsäuregehalt von 68 bis 70% an, die also ohne Trocknung auf hochwertige Kernseifen verarbeitet werden kann. Als letzte Stufe ist die Verdichtung auf einen bestimmten Fettsäuregehalt vorgesehen.The two washing stages are followed by a neutralization stage in which the excess alkali is replaced by suitable Fatty acids is neutralized. In addition, the water content can be regulated here, so that Have soaps made with a wide variety of fatty acid contents without any additional equipment. Normally the soap has a fatty acid content of 68 to 70%, which means that it is high quality without drying Curd soaps can be processed. The last stage is the compression on a specific one Fatty acid content provided.

Das Prinzip des Verfahrens ist schematisch in Abb. 1 dargestellt.The principle of the process is shown schematically in Fig. 1.

Die bei 11 aufgegebene Fettsäure bzw. Destillatfettsäure wird mit den bei 12 aufgegebenen Alkalien, z. B. Soda- oder Pottaschelösung, unter Wärme- und lebhafter Kohlensäureentwicklung spontan bis zu einem bestimmten Prozentsatz in der Vorstufe 1 vorverseift, der zwischen 70 und 90% liegt. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird weitgehend von der Kohlensäure bei 10 befreit und fortlaufend in die Nachverseifungsstufe 2 übergeführt, in der es mit bei 22 aufgegebener Kalilauge und Reduziersalzen vollverseift wird, d. h. bis auf 100%. In beiden Stufen wird das Gemisch kräftig verrührt und ausreichend homogenisiert.The fatty acid or distillate fatty acid given at 11 is mixed with the alkalis given at 12, z. B. soda or potash solution, with warmth and lively carbonic acid development spontaneously up to pre-saponified to a certain percentage in preliminary stage 1, which is between 70 and 90%. The reaction mixture is largely freed from the carbonic acid at 10 and continuously in the post-saponification stage 2 transferred, in which it is fully saponified with potassium hydroxide and reducing salts abandoned at 22, d. H. up to 100%. In both stages, the mixture is vigorously stirred and homogenized sufficiently.

Aus der Nachverseifungsstufe 2 gelangt die Seife fortlaufend in die untere Waschstufe 3, in der sie in mindestens zwei Teilstufen mit bei 32 aufgegebener Elektrolytlösung (KCl-, Na Cl-, Na₂SO₄-, Na OH-, KOH-Lösungen) innig vermischt und unter Phasentrennung gleichzeitig gewaschen wird. Dieser Waschvorgang wird in der oberen Waschstufe 4, ebenfalls in mindestens zwei Teilstufen, noch einmal wiederholt, aber unter Verwendung von bei 42 aufgegebener, die Eigenschaften der Seife nicht beeinflussender, verdünnter Elektrolytlösung, vorzugsweise Natronlauge, welche den die Seifeneigenschaften beeinflussenden Elektrolytgehalt aus den vorhergehenden Stufen in gewünschtem Umfang herabsetzt. Diese Arbeitsweise ist aus kalkulatorischen Gründen angebracht.From the post-saponification stage 2, the soap continuously passes into the lower washing stage 3, in which it is _{intimately mixed in at least two sub-stages with the electrolyte solution (KCl, Na Cl, Na 2} SO ₄ , Na OH, KOH solutions) applied at 32 and is washed at the same time with phase separation. This washing process is repeated again in the upper washing stage 4, also in at least two sub-stages, but using a dilute electrolyte solution, preferably sodium hydroxide solution, which has been added at 42 and does not influence the properties of the soap, which has the electrolyte content from the previous stages and which influences the soap properties reduced to the desired extent. This way of working is appropriate for calculatory reasons.

Die in der oberen Waschstufe 4 behandelte Seife wird an deren oberem Ende abgezogen und in an sich bekannter Weise in Stufe 5 zum Neutralisieren des Alkaliüberschusses mit bei 52 aufgegebener reiner Fettsäure behandelt. Gleichzeitig können, um den Fettsäuregehalt herabzusetzen, Füllösungen inkorporiert werden. An diesen Verfahrensschritt schließt sich dann noch in Stufe 6 die Verdichtung der Seife auf einen gewünschten Fettsäuregehalt an. Die weitere Verarbeitung erfolgt beliebig.The soap treated in the upper washing stage 4 is drawn off at its upper end and in on in a known manner in step 5 to neutralize the excess alkali with the purer given at 52 Fatty acid treated. At the same time, in order to reduce the fatty acid content, filling solutions can be incorporated will. This process step is followed by the compression of the soap in step 6 to a desired fatty acid content. Further processing can be carried out as required.

Die Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, die in Abb. 2 in einem vereinfachten Schnitt dargestelltThe system for carrying out the method, which is shown in Fig. 2 in a simplified section

ist, weist ein allen wesentlichen Teilen gemeinsames Merkmal auf. Sämtliche Behälter, der die Stufen 1 und 2 einschließende Verseifungsreaktor, der Waschturm mit den Stufen 3', 3" und 4', 4" sowie der Aufbereiter mit den Stufen 5 und 6, sind doppelwandig ausgeführt und völlig geschlossen. Die Innenwände sind außerdem mit einem korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff ausgekleidet oder daraus hergestellt.has a feature common to all essential parts. All containers that have level 1 and 2 enclosing saponification reactor, the washing tower with stages 3 ', 3 "and 4', 4" and the processor with levels 5 and 6, are double-walled and completely closed. The interior walls are also lined with or made from a corrosion-resistant material.

Ein weiteres Merkmal der Anlage ist ihr Aufbau nach dem Baukastenprinzip. So sind der untere Teil des Verseifungsreaktors (Stufe 2) und der Neutralisator (Stufe 5) völlig gleich ausgebildet. Auch die den Stufen 3', 3", 4', 4" entsprechenden Kammern des Waschturmes sind untereinander im wesentlichen gleich.Another feature of the system is its construction based on the modular principle. So are the lower part the saponification reactor (stage 2) and the neutralizer (stage 5) are completely identical. Also the the chambers of the washing tower corresponding to stages 3 ', 3 ", 4', 4" are essentially one below the other same.

Im einzelnen wird das Verfahren wie folgt durchgeführt : Die durch die Leitung 11 und 12 aufgegebenen Grundstoffe, Fettsäure und dafür geeignete Verseifungsmittel, wie Soda, Pottasche, Triäthanolamin u. dgl., gelangen auf eine schräge Prallfläche 13, die etwa in der Mitte der Stufe 1 des Verseifungsreaktors angeordnet ist. Diese Prallfläche 13 ist heizbar eingerichtet, um bei Inbetriebnahme der Anlage den spontan ablaufenden Verseifungsprozeß zu unterstützen. Bei laufender Anlage wird die Heizeinrichtung nicht mehr benötigt, kann aber zur besseren und schnelleren Austreibung der Kohlensäure weiterbenutzt werden. Da die Verseifung unter lebhafter Kohlensäureentwicklung stattfindet, bläht sich das Reaktionsgemisch stark auf und steigt nach oben, wo es vom Rührwerk 14 erfaßt und durch eine Sieblochscheibe 15 nach unten gedrückt wird. Die gegebenenfalls heizbare Sieblochscheibe 15 dient vor allem dazu, das Gemisch gehörig zu komprimieren und die Kohlensäure auszutreiben, die bei 10 nach oben abgeführt wird. Unterhalb der Sieblochscheibe 15 ist eine Stiftmühle 16 angeordnet, die ein gründliches Durchmischen der teilverseiften Masse bewirkt. Die Masse, die sich im unteren Teil der Stufe 1 ansammelt, wird nun fortlaufend durch die Leitung 21 und die Dosierpumpe 29 abgezogen und dem unteren Ende der Stufe 2 zugeführt. Unweit der Einmündung der Leitung 21 in die Stufe 2 mündet auch die Leitung 22 ein, durch die, unterstützt durch eine Pumpe 28, aus dem Behälter 202 laufend Natronlauge bestimmter Konzentration der Stufe 2 zugeführt und mit der teilverseiften Masse zur Reaktion gebracht wird. Da diese Masse zunächst von grießiger Beschaffenheit ist, werden alle Komponenten zur Erhöhung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in der Stiftmühle 26 gründlich verrührt und homogenisiert, wobei das mit einem zylindrischen Mantel umgebene Schneckenrührwerk 24, das oberhalb der Stiftmühle 26 angeordnet ist, diese Durchmischung unterstützt und gleichzeitig für die notwendige Bewegung der Seifenmasse sorgt.In detail, the process is carried out as follows: The abandoned by lines 11 and 12 Base materials, fatty acids and suitable saponifying agents such as soda, potash, triethanolamine and the like, arrive at an inclined baffle 13, which is approximately in the middle of stage 1 of the saponification reactor is arranged. This baffle 13 is set up to be heatable when the system is started up to support the spontaneous saponification process. When the system is running, the heating device no longer needed, but can continue to be used for better and faster expulsion of the carbonic acid will. Since the saponification takes place with vigorous development of carbon dioxide, it puffs up Reaction mixture rises strongly and rises to the top, where it is captured by the agitator 14 and through a perforated disc 15 is pressed down. The perforated screen 15, which can be heated if necessary, is used primarily to properly compress the mixture and expel the carbonic acid, which is discharged upwards at 10 will. A pin mill 16 is arranged below the perforated screen 15, which has a thorough Mixing the partially saponified mass causes. The mass that accumulates in the lower part of stage 1, is now continuously withdrawn through the line 21 and the metering pump 29 and the lower Supplied at the end of stage 2. The line also opens not far from the confluence of line 21 with stage 2 22 a through which, supported by a pump 28, sodium hydroxide solution continuously determined from the container 202 Concentration of level 2 supplied and brought to reaction with the partially saponified mass will. Since this mass is initially of a gritty nature, all components are increased the reaction rate in the pin mill 26 thoroughly stirred and homogenized, wherein the screw agitator 24, which is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket and which is located above the pin mill 26 is arranged, this mixing supports and at the same time for the necessary movement of the Soap mass ensures.

Der Antrieb der Schneckenrührwerke 14 und 24 und der Stiftmühlen 16 und 26 erfolgt über eine gemeinsame Welle 91. Ferner kann eine Einrichtung vorgesehen sein, um aus der Stufe 2 laufend ohne Störung des Verseifungsprozesses Proben entnehmen zu können.The screw agitators 14 and 24 and the pin mills 16 and 26 are driven by a common one Wave 91. Furthermore, a device can be provided to get out of stage 2 continuously without Disturbance of the saponification process to be able to take samples.

Die Seife verläßt den Verseifungsreaktor über die Leitung 31, die in die untere Kammer bzw. Stufe 3' des Waschturmes einmündet. Dort wird sie mit dem durch die Leitung 32' in die Stufe 3' eintretenden Salzwasser durchsetzt und mittels der Stiftmühle 36 sowie des unterhalb dieser angeordneten, mit einem zylindrischen Mantel umgebenen Schneckenrührwerkes 34' innig vermischt. Die Trennung der Phasen er-The soap leaves the saponification reactor via line 31, which enters the lower chamber or stage 3 ' of the washing tower opens. There it becomes with the step 3 'entering through line 32' Salt water interspersed and by means of the pin mill 36 and the arranged below this, with a cylindrical shell surrounded screw agitator 34 'intimately mixed. The separation of the phases

Claims

follows essentially spontaneously. The degree of separation is significantly improved by a rotating, preferably arched disk 39 'provided with bores extending obliquely from the bottom inside to the top outside as a result of the centrifugal forces that occur. Due to its special design, this disk serves as a pumping mechanism and pushes the soap that is thrown off to the side and now located underneath it upwards. The rotating, preferably domed disc also has the effect that the entire contents of each washing stage are in rotating motion. The centrifugal forces that occur are exploited and, as a result of the large differences in the specific gravity of the soap and electrolyte solution, a phase separation of almost 100% is achieved for a short time. Since the phase separation is best in the vicinity of the shaft, the outlet pipe 31 ″ opens here, through which the soap is fed to the screw agitator 34 ″. The liquid phase, i.e. H. the lower lye, passes through a perforated sheet metal 343 which is provided with openings tapering from bottom to top within a washing stage and is arranged at a distance from the inner wall of the washing tower and concentric to this extending through the entire washing tower, and is passed through line 37 into a collecting container 307 deducted. The soap itself rises through the line 31 "into the second chamber or sub-stage 3", which is constructed in the same way as the chamber 3 '. The feed line 32, through which the salt water is conveyed from the storage container 302 into the stage 3 "via a pumping station 38, also opens into this chamber 3". Stage 4 or sub-stages 4 'and 4 "are also designed in full compliance with stage 3 or sub-stage 3', except that here the chamber or sub-stage 4" is supplied with dilute sodium hydroxide solution via line 42 and pumping station 48 which passes through the line 42 'into the chamber or sub-stage 4' and is withdrawn from this via the line 17. The soap, which has an excess of alkali after washing with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, is now fed to the neutralization stage 5 of the conditioner via line 51 and possibly a pump (not shown), and its excess of alkali is neutralized with precisely dosed amounts of pure fatty acid. This fatty acid is removed from the storage container 502 and introduced into the neutralization stage 5 via the line 52 and a metering pump 58. The soap obtained in the neutralization stage can be processed into fine consumer soaps and quality core soaps, which do not warp later, without further drying, because the fatty acid content is between 68 and 70%. If normal curd soaps (about 63% fat content) or filled soaps are to be produced, a precisely dosed addition of a filling solution can be added. The high percentage of soap produced here, which is not achieved in this form in any of the known systems, only requires a low vacuum in the drying process, and no additional heating is required, which is a major calculatory advantage over all existing systems. In order to be able to precisely determine the necessary amount of fatty acids, a device 50 is provided in the line 51 which allows samples to be taken continuously. This device 50 can also be designed as a device for the automatic determination of the alkalinity of the soap. From stage 5, which, as already mentioned, essentially corresponds in structure to stage 2, the soap passes through line 61 into compression stage 6, in which it is compressed in a known manner to a desired fatty acid content and from which it passes the line 71 is withdrawn for further processing. The agitators, pin mills and centrifugal disks in stages 3 ', 3 ", 4' and 4" and the corresponding rotatable parts in stages 5 and 6 are also driven by common shafts 92 and 91, respectively. The partition walls 112 between the stages of the Saponification reactor, 333, 334 and 444 between the stages of the washing tower and 556 between stages 5 and 6 of the preparer are preferably arranged with a slight incline in order to facilitate drainage of the soap or the base liquors. Measures must also be taken to ventilate the individual stages or chambers. The material for the corrosion-resistant inner lining of the inner walls of the container 03 corresponds to that which is customary in this process. Since a temperature of about 90 ° C is not exceeded in the reaction vessels, no special temperature resistance of these materials is required. A particular advantage of the process and the system is the option of processing neutral fats or fatty acids and being able to produce all types of soaps. In doing so, it is easy to carry out the saponification of neutral fats in only one stage, although preference will generally be given to saponification in two stages. Patent claims:

1. A method for the continuous production of soap of all kinds, characterized in that continuously in successive steps and essentially without pressure increase and without external heat supply fatty acid with saponifying agents such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, Triethanolamine, partially saponified up to a certain percentage, then in fully saponified in a manner known per se with sodium hydroxide solution of a certain concentration, in each case Washed the soap with electrolyte solution at least two sub-stages, the electrolyte content through Washing with dilute caustic soda or potassium hydroxide reduces the excess alkali with fatty acid neutralized and the fatty acid content is adjusted, which is why the compaction of basic soaps can connect to a desired fatty acid content.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials fatty acid and saponifying agent of the preliminary stage of a two-stage saponification reactor (1, 2) are given up, after spontaneous partial saponification, the reaction mixture is compressed and homogenized to expel the carbonic acid formed during saponification, then from the pre-saponification stage In accordance with the addition of the base material, it is continuously transferred to the post-saponification stage and is fully saponified in this by means of sodium hydroxide solution of a certain concentration added in dosed quantities with simultaneous thorough mixing.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soap rising from the post-saponification stage (2) is continuously withdrawn and fed to a washing tower, in the lower stage (3) it ascending in at least two 5 sub-stages, namely a Yot- (3 ') and an Xach stage (3 ")) in countercurrent with electrolyte solution and in its upper stage (4) it also ascends in at least two sub-stages, namely a preliminary (4') and a post-stage (4"), in countercurrent with dilute soda - or potassium hydroxide is washed, with a fine mixing of the components accelerated by mechanical means with simultaneous phase separation taking place in each of the stages and that which has separated from the next stage can serve as washing agent.

4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diluted with Lye-washed soap is continuously withdrawn from the washing tower and its excess alkali is reduced Continuous circulation and mixing through metered additions of essentially pure fatty acids is neutralized.

5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the soap filling solutions be incorporated.

6. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a closed on all sides, doppelwan ended container with two separate, superimposed stages (1, 2), in the upper (1) the pre-saponification or partial saponification and in the lower stage (2) of which the subsequent or full saponification takes place, and which are connected to one another by a delivery line (21) with pump (28).

7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by an inclined, optionally heatable baffle surface (13) above an intermediate floor (19) which divides the pre-saponification stage (1).

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that above the intermediate floor (19) surrounded by a cylindrical shell screw agitator (14) and below the intermediate floor (19) a pin mill (16) are arranged, between which are in the same plane with the Intermediate base (19) has a perforated screen (15) which can be heated.

9. Device according to claims 6 to 8, characterized by a screw agitator (24) which is arranged in the lower section of the post-saponification stage (2) and is surrounded by a cylindrical jacket and a pin mill (26) below, below which the from the feed pump (28) coming feed line (21) for the reaction mixture opens.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that below the pin mill a trough is provided which is offset against the container bottom, into which both the supply line (21) for the soap and a supply line (22) for by a pump (28) conveyed caustic soda of a certain concentration.

11. \ ^T orrichtung for performing the method according to claim 3, characterized by a two-stage (3, 4) , as closed on all sides and double! walled container trained washing tower, both of which are largely identical, superimposed stages, the

Lower stage (3) and upper stage (4), in turn, are subdivided into essentially identically designed, separate lower stages, the preliminary stages (3, 4 ') and the secondary stages (3 ", 4") , with the secondary stages (3 ", 4") the feed lines (32 or 42) for electrolyte solution or diluted lye open out.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized by a cylindrical sieve (343) which extends over the entire height of the washing tower, is concentric to its wall and at a distance from the inner wall (03) and which moves upwards in each step has tapered openings.

13. Device according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that each of the stages (3 ', 3 ", 4', 4") of the washing tower has a screw agitator (34 ' or 34 ", 44', 44") with directly above arranged pin mill (36) and arranged below, provided with holes, preferably arched and close to the sieve (343) brought disc (39 ' or 39 ", 49', 49") is assigned, these parts through a common shaft (92) can be driven.

14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the discs (39 ', 39 ", 49', 49") are provided with bores, channels or similar guide means running obliquely from the bottom inside to the top outside.

15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the pin mills (36) and the screw agitators (34 ', 34 ", 44', 44") arranged below them are surrounded by a cylindrical jacket which is open at the bottom and at the top is closed except for the feed opening, wherein the upper closure plate can also be part of the pin mill (36).

16. Device according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the feed line (31) for the soap withdrawn from the saponification stage (2) opens above the pin mill (36) of the lower preliminary stage (3 ') of the washing tower.

17. Device according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the stages (3 ", 4 ', 4") downstream of the lower preliminary stage (3' ) with the respective preceding lines (31 " ) laid outside the screen cylinder (343) or 41 ' and 41 ") are connected, which open into the steps (3", 4', 4 ") above the pin mills (36) .

18. Device according to claims 11 to 17, characterized in that each of the downstream stages (3 ", 4") outside of the screen cylinder (343) through lines (32 ' or 42') can be switched into the feed pumps, with the each underlying preliminary stages (3 ', 4') are connected, these lines (32 ', 42') opening into the preliminary stages (3 ', 4') above the pin mills (36) .

19. Device according to claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the lower preliminary stage (3 ') outside of the screen cylinder (343) via a line (37) with a collecting container (307) for the from the first stages (3', 3 ") draining lower lye is connected.

20. Device for performing the method according to claim 4 and claims 11 up to 18 optionally, characterized by a closed and partially double-walled container, over its trough-like deepened floor,