DE1040853B - Large diameter needle thrust bearing - Google Patents

Description

Large diameter needle thrust bearings The invention relates to a Large diameter needle thrust bearing with a large number of roller elements small diameter, which is used to absorb large axial and radial forces suitable, as it is particularly suitable for lifting and lifting screw axles of flying machines appear.

In this application it must be taken into account that the aircraft have a considerable weight, from which the great loads result. aside from that it must be taken into account that the axes around which the needle thrust bearings are arranged are able to assume even steep inclines.

Difficulties arise under these conditions. which as a result the given rotational speeds, the centrifugal forces and the loads to be absorbed exclude the use of normal rolling bearings, especially since a centering and the absorption of axial forces with a single bearing arrangement on an essentially vertical axis must be done, while in known designs, for. B. with horizontal Axes, multiple bearings can be provided. High loads lead to enlargement the number of balls and their replacement by numerous rollers or from subdivided ones Needles formed by elements. The multitude of these organs in itself leads to the Need to apply them to zones of ever larger diameter and ever larger area to distribute.

From this it follows. that when the largest diameter of the conical Rolls or needles must remain small. so that one can have a large number of them in radial direction Can arrange position around the axis of rotation, not at the same time the length of each Element can be enlarged without serious risks as a result of the low Resilience of these parts occur, which multiples twisting and bending forces exposed, no matter how weak they are. To that of the radial The difficulty arising from the development of the needles is, incidentally, that of training the annular roller tracks between which these needles adjust have to.

In the case of aircraft in particular, it cannot be thought of for these parts of the rolling bearing a compact design through simple machining from homogeneous metal rings, which are strong enough to withstand the occurring Withstand forces without impermissible deformations.

There are, for example, designs of flat, planar bearings known, in which balls are used as rolling elements, which are adjacent to each other cover a horizontal storage area. These balls lie on the tread without Cage and without a guide and are therefore not suitable for absorbing axial forces as well as suitable for automatic centering, especially if the position is inclined the normally vertical axis can occur.

The arrangement of balls in radially arranged horizontal grooves or channels is also known to bring about an even distribution of the load. Such bearing elements are firmly enclosed in the grooves or channels and are silent, so that this arrangement at higher speeds under strong, in particular is also completely unsuitable for one-sided loading. Also the use of elastic Rolling body, which is known from journal bearings, is not suitable for the purpose of Invention, since such rolling elements do not provide proper centering and guidance is given, but on the contrary especially in the case of fluctuations in the direction of the essentially vertical axis vibrations arise. A transmission of axial forces is not possible with such rolling elements with a flat arrangement. Also suitable This version is only suitable for relatively small diameters and not for bearings with large diameters, since in the absence of axial centering the Bearings would float on the rolling elements.

Accordingly, known designs are not suitable for use, in which several annular layers of needles are arranged around a shaft journal and each layer of the needles is separated from the other by an washer will. In the known designs, the individual needles do not have a cage and can only print in one direction. When occurring a one-sided load, as occurs in an application according to the invention, the order of the stacked needles is disturbed by the load, so that centering is ruled out and, moreover, hindrances occur due to increased friction in the interstices. Also a radial arrangement of rolling elements, as they are known in particular from bearings for propellers are, is not suitable for the purpose of the invention, since the radial Arrangement in front of rolling elements is done randomly and no composite needles are formed. A conicity of the running surfaces is in this version on the Rolling bodies matched so that the diameter of the bearing as a result of the dependency must remain relatively small between the bearing radius and the conicity. Therefore Such a bearing design is also not for use for the intended Purpose suitable. The bearing elements of the known bearings would be required when required Diameters extremely heavy, but without a safe guidance of the stored Axis to be able to guarantee.

The invention eliminates the disadvantages of the known bearings in that that a special training of the treads with a new design of the roller body is combined, the circular running surfaces of the bearing on conical, concentric Surfaces are arranged whose half cone apex angle is less than 80 °. The running surface consists of a thin metal sheet of great hardness, which is secured by a Light metal body is supported by its type, its shape and its strength ensures the stability of the tread shape and that of the rotating ones Parts on the running surface of the bearing absorbs compressive forces and on the stationary machine parts. The one compared to its roll axis a small one Conical rolling elements having diameters are in the radial direction and in Circumferentially divided, and it is every compound needle between off thin metal sheets and can be used in a common cage plate Needle carrier plates held.

The bearing running surface can consist of several similar, concentric arranged hard metal profiles are formed, which are attached to the tread facing profile parts touch with their edges and through in place Encapsulation with light metal connected, so that a more uniform, stronger, with bearing body provided with one or more conical and concentric running surfaces is formed, which is largely protected against deformation.

A number of rolling elements are each held in a row, whereby the rows are evenly distributed among themselves between conical needle carrier plates and arranged radially are combined to form closed components, which are of the Cage base plate are worn. Furthermore, several in a row can also be radial arranged rolling elements form composite needles of great length, wherein the rolling elements consist of truncated cone-like bodies that are whole lengthwise or partially pierced and rotatably mounted on an axis, such that each truncated cone-like body with its pivot in the journal bearing rings of the Needle support plates for the assembled needle is held so that the surface the frustoconical bodies of the various assembled into one and the same Needle combined body acts like a single cone of revolution.

Another feature of the invention is seen in the fact that between the running surfaces arranged at least two cage plates with assembled needles which are separated from each other by a conical race, which on its two parallel surfaces is provided with running surfaces, which are through abutting steel profile pieces are formed, which are made on an outer fitting piece Sheet metal arranged and partially embedded in light metal, which through holes provided for this purpose are introduced, with the so on both sides of the raceway arranged steel profile pieces correspond to the rolling elements and the running surfaces, between which the rolling elements of the two cage plates and the conical Turn the intermediate race at reduced speed.

Embodiments of the invention are hereinafter based on the Drawing explained in more detail. 1 and 2 show diagrams of a conical needle roller bearing or a bearing with two conical needle layers, Figure 3 an inventive radial divided needle of great length with axial thrust bearings, which from one another engaging conical elements with bearings arranged between them, 4 shows another embodiment of a needle made of conical elements which abut against one another and are placed on a common axis; Fig. 5 shows such an axis alone, Figure 6 shows a cylindrical needle according to the invention, which through a number is formed by the same roles pushed onto an axis, with devices are provided for guiding and absorbing the axial forces, Fig. 7 in plan a composite needle carrier plate, which the elements of a composite Holds needle of the type shown in Figures 3 and 4 in place, Figure 8 in Side view of the two needle carrier plates that are not joined together, which have the shape of the needle carrier plate of FIG. 7, FIGS. 9 to 12 have different sections 7 and 8, FIG. 13 in plan a part of a cage base plate, which forms a frustoconical ring and the various needle carrier plates to one another attached to the cage of the same stage of compound conical To form needles, Fig. 14 to 18 in plan or in a sectional side elevation and one with radially aligned balls in different cross-sections Needle carrier plate.

19 shows a part of the frustoconical cage base plate in plan, which the assembly of several parts of the same and the device for elastic Approach of different sections thereof, Fig. 20 shows a radial Section to Fig. 19, Fig. 21 and 22 in section or in plan on an enlarged scale a part for connecting the successive sectors of the cage base plate, 23 shows, in section, an example of the tread assembled according to the invention, Fig. 24 shows a view from below of an assembled running rail, FIG. 24a shows a cross section 24, FIG. 25 shows a bottom view and FIG. 25 a shows a cross section of a profiled Elementary rail to form a composite running rail, Fig. 26 in plan with breaking away of parts a part of the arranged between two needle layers frustoconical running ring, FIG. 27 shows a section of FIG. 26 in a radial plane, 28 shows, in section through a radial plane, an annular roller bearing according to the invention with two conical needle layers and a conical intermediate race and Fig. 28 a shows an enlarged section of FIG. 28. According to FIG. 1, the tips converge the roller cone 7, 8 one and the same needle layer at a common point 8 ' of the axis 10. If there are several layers, the common peaks lie of the rolling surfaces of each needle layer 9, 11 on the axis 10 graduated at 9 ' and 11 ', so as not to have an excessive taper, and the intermediate races 20 have parallel surfaces 30 (FIG. 2), which facilitates their manufacture. The in 1 and 2 with a designated half cone apex angle is less than 80 °.

3 and 4 are exemplary composite needles shown, which have such a conicity ratio that their axes of rotation on the virtual tip 8 'converge on the virtual axis of rotation 10.

The conicity of the assembled needle and all of its rolling elements is determined by the ratio between the outer and inner diameters of the frustoconical roller tracks and the needle itself (Fig. 1) As a result of the great length of these needles compared to their mean diameter and the possible kinking effect of the body of a single needle that is too tapered, the conical needle is divided into several parts of equal or unequal length 12, 13, 14, 15, which have the same conicity and some Places, namely after each section, are held by cylindrical parts 18 which coaxially extend each needle element 12, 13, 14, 15 below the shoulders 19. These cylindrical lugs 18 are guided in sockets 23 which are hot 24 flanges at their ends. Each projection 18 protruding beyond the socket 23 is supported on the adjacent needle element by entering a cylindrical coaxial recess 21 in the side 22 of the needles 13, 14 and 15 in which it is mounted.

A ball 25 arranged at the bottom of each bore 21 takes the pressure force and transfers it from one needle element to the other in the Axial direction of the needle formed in this way.

The outermost element needle 12 also has on the side facing away from the approach 18 an approach 26 over a toric shoulder 27, which is a runway for a ball thrust bearing 28 in one to the guide bore 31 concentric groove 29 forms, this bore the extension 26 of the cylindrical stepped 32 picks up. The approach 18 of the center of the Roller bearing closest to the needle element 15 enters a cylindrical remote part 33 or a foot bearing, in the bore 34 of which it is mounted and is supported on a ball 35 arranged at the bottom of the bore.

The bushes 23 and the thrust bearings 32 and 33 are in half clamps 36, 36 ', 37, 37', 38, 38 'attached, which play the role of bearings and in a Alignment on the same axis 40 in the same needle carrier plates 39, 39 ' (Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). This made of a metal sheet, for. B. thin sheet steel, cut-out and dished needle carrier plates are with lying on the axis 40, arranged between the half-clamps 36, 37, 38 and the half-clamps 36 ', 37' and 38 ' Windows 41 are provided, which on each side rounded parts of the body of the needle elements Step 12, 13, 14, 15 forward. These generally planar needle carrier plates are to each other along the axis 40 forming the axis of symmetry by any appropriate means attached, e.g. B., as shown, by forming bodies of revolution punched pins 42, 42 ', which in each needle carrier plate holes 43, 43' hollow rivets form. The edge 44, 44 'of each needle carrier plate 39, 39' is straight and lies radial when it is in place in the bearing during the Edge 45, 45 'has incisions 46, 46', which are symmetrical in the edge 44 ', 44 of the opposite needle carrier plate correspond to curved parts 47, 47 ', whose recess is equal to half the thickness of the needle carrier plates 39, 39 'forming Cage plate is, these recesses with tubular extensions 48, 48 'provided whose task is explained below.

The needle carrier plates are also provided at the ends with recesses 49, 49 'and 51, 51' are provided for the bodies of the thrust bearings 32 and 33 which are the shoulders let the same survive, while their parts of smaller diameter 50 and 50 ' are held between the half bearings 36, 36 'and 38, 38'. The ones shown in Figure 4 Way assembled parts are placed between two corresponding, the various bushings and thrust bearings are inserted into the corresponding half bearings, and the tubular lugs 42, 42 'are inserted into the corresponding holes 43', 43 used, whereupon their riveting takes place. The compound needle is then finished, and their components are aligned between the dished intermediate bearings of the needle carrier held, which by the composition of the two symmetrical Needle carrier plates 39, 39 'was created.

Such a compound needle is shown in Fig. 14 after insertion shown in the radial cutouts 52 of a cage plate 53, the assembled Needles are inserted into their united base plates, which on the Cage plate 53 by the union of the dished parts 47,47 'of the needle carrier plates 39, 39 'are attached, with parts 54 cut out in the cage plate 53 according to project into the inside of the cutout 52. These parts 54 correspond to the dumped ones Wells 47, 47 'and take in corresponding offset holes 55, 55' the hollow lugs 48, 48 'which are riveted.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, the assembly of the Needle carrier plates 39, 39 'with the cage plates 53 by any other suitable contraption obtained e.g. B. Independent riveting. Welding etc.

Figs. 5 and 6 show a modification of the conical shown in Fig. 4 composite needle, in which the conical element needles 12, 13, 14.15 and finds the bushings 23 again, which, however, has the following differences with the needle which Fig. 4 has.

The cylindrical parts 18 with full axes are through cylindrical hollow parts 56 replaced, which protrude beyond the hollow sockets 23 and against push the body of the neighboring element needle. All conical: elementary needles and the hollow lugs 56 are coaxially pierced along the entire length and are pushed onto a cylindrical shaft 57 on which they can be rotated without play are, with this axis on two on the bottom of the thrust bearings 32 and 33 arranged Balls 35 is supported. The hollow lugs 56 can be connected to the body of the element needle 12,13 form one piece or not. In this embodiment too, the needles in the longitudinal direction between the bodies of the end thrust bearings 32 and 33 are supported and, thanks to the bushings 23, are rigidly in the needle carrier plates 39, 39 'held.

Fig. 7 shows a modification of the one on the previous figure illustrated composite needle. in which the supported on the at their ends Axis 57 lined up conical elements between the bushings through a row are replaced by cylindrical rollers 58 of small axial length, which on a Side have a projection 59 in their center. The axial forces are of a Roller group to the other through a tubular intermediate piece 61 and through the application of the protrusion 59 of each roll against the next roll and at the outer end transferred by a thrust ball bearing 32 as above.

Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 show the introduction of a radial row of balls 62 of the same diameter in open punched hemispherical recesses 63, 63 ', which are mounted in the needle carrier plates 39, 39 'of the type described above whose components have the same reference numerals as above.

These suffer from the latter embodiments (Figs. 7 and 15) great advantage of standardization, since the different needles form the assembled needles Parts, rollers or balls, are equal to each other and are mass-produced for any bearing can be produced. Fig. 20, 21, 22, 23 show the assembly in plan to a conical circular ring or. in certain cases (cylindrical needles or equal balls), to form a flat ring, which has a large diameter roll cage with numerous long compound needles, which radially in place and Are held. The two adjacent cage plates 53 and 53a are against one another between the two recesses 52 by enclosing the uniform edge 64 one through the grooves 65 and 67 of the other (Fig. 21, 23) and through tubular rivets 60, 70 attached, which are distributed along a radial connecting line 66, wherein recesses provided on a single edge of the cage plate 53 alternate be shifted by any suitable means by half the sheet thickness, to accommodate the straight edge of the adjacent cage plate 53a and with this to be riveted or welded to this. The tubular rivet 60 on the cut out parts and the holes 70 on the straight edge are through matching punching obtained from the cage plate 53 (Figs. 22, 23). With such Large diameter roller cages can have elastic abutments 69 and 69 ' will. For this, z. B. incisions 68 made in the axis of a recess 52 ', which is not provided with a base plate or a compound needle, but between the opposing holes 55 and on each side 55 'with springs 69 in such a number and with such parameters that they always the Looking to close incisions 68, the outer winding diameter of these Springs smaller than the diameter of the needles or balls of the roll cage in question are. Another means of creating an equally effective elastic connection consists in providing a rubber part 69 'between the holes 55 and 55', which Has a suitable thickness and the edges of which have a metal coating with corresponding Have mounting holes and rivets.

The above devices allow with the smallest weight Help from numerous, but only a small number of models comprehensive and thus Standardized machined or punched out that can be manufactured economically in mass production and dumped elementary parts to produce large cages. what a great number hold in place by compound needles.

Another essential point of the invention is the manufacture of large runways, which, with the lowest weight, are used to accommodate the rolling bearings meet the required conditions of the type described above.

Such a runway according to the invention has a certain number of circular arc-shaped elementary rails 71, which are expediently made of hard special steel exist and have a ribbed profile, which has a wide top 72 and contains a rib 73 with a narrower sole, these circularly curved profile pieces are united in groups by a sole 74 made of light alloy, so that the Upper sides 72 are concentric with one another and abut one another, the various each profile length forming each circle beveled at their connection points and according to the explanations given on this circle in the angular direction are offset from one another.

The mutually concentric soles 74 form closed circles. «-Which correspond to the radial pitches of the assembled needles, which should roll on the runways of the appropriate width, "-moose through the tops of the small abutting profile pieces 72 are formed.

These soles 74 form one piece with the sliding extensions 75 and are on their circle a certain step apart to complete the assembly to facilitate with the sliding extensions 76, which of the fixed runway or the Rotor bearing runway belong and on their circle around the same step from each other protrude like the opposite parts 75.

The attachment of the part 75 to the part 76 is then carried out by the side Move the assembled splint the length of step 75, and the Blocking takes place with the help of wedges inserted into the space of 75-76.

The soles 75-74 are cast from a light alloy, whereby brought the profile pieces 71 on conical gauges in place and so embedded will. Such a special steel is chosen that the casting of the Light metal a suitable tempering of the previously hardened metal of the elementary rail causes, which at the same time retains a suitable breaking strength.

The conical formed by the upper sides 72 of the elementary rails 71 (or flat or grooved) surface will not get into the frame through easy to manufacture grinding devices with accuracy falling within the scope of the invention machined so that a correct running surface is created.

With a conical roll cage of the type described above with composite Needles, which is arranged between two conical running surfaces, of which the one is convex and the other is concave, the cones of contact being the same and with the cone of the axes of the needles in the case of conical needles to the same Tip converge on the axis of rotation, one obtains a complete according to the invention Roller bearing.

As already stated, such a roller bearing can as a result of its large diameter and the necessarily small diameter of the composite Needles for these impermissible rotational speeds require and one or more require double-sided runways, which between each two consecutive Roll cages are arranged.

Figs. 27 and 28 show, by way of example, an embodiment of a frustoconical Intermediate ring, which according to the above principles made of steel and a light alloy is composed.

78 is a suitable frustoconical surface for making a Armature ring, which between two bearings according to the invention with composite Needles can be arranged. At this one of numerous holes 79 to reduce weight and sheet metal pierced for the passage of the joining alloy 81 during casting in groups 80 the elements of the circular profiled steel rails 71 arranged, which rest on the perforated armature 78 and with the help of preliminary Bindings are held so that their outer surface on the desired surfaces of the conical gauges. The steel parts 71 become a single frustoconical Ring 82 combined by casting the body of the ring 81 made of light metal, which when it passes through the holes 79 and its distribution on the both sides of 78 the profile pieces 71 and 71 'connects to the central armature 78 and forms a light ring with the runways 72 and 72 'which are at the operating points are covered with hardened steel on the surface.

Of course, by appropriate methods, pages 72 and 72 'will become so ground down that runways arise. whose conicity corresponds to that of the needles.

Fig.29 shows in a radial section that no further explanations requires an inventive double roller bearing with conical needles.

The upper runway is followed by a radial line shown in phantom Framework 83 supported by circular tees 77 attached to the lugs 84 are attached and, in cooperation with 76, the compound circular Take up rails 74 made of light alloy, which the profile pieces of the elementary rails 71 made of special steel, which hold the rolling surface 72 of the rotor of a rotating Form device.

The fixed lower runway is shaped in the same way by circular ones Parts 77 'and the extension 84' are held on the fixed frame 85. Between these A first roller cage 86 is located on both roller tracks 72 ′ and 72 from bottom to top with its compound needles, a double-sided frustoconical tread 82 of the type shown in Fig. 27 and 28 and a second roll cage 87 with its compound needles.

In this way the angular velocity of the will be on their Axes rotating needles reduced by half, the scheme of this device corresponds to that of Fig. 2.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Large diameter needle thrust bearing with a large number of rolling elements of small diameter to accommodate large axial and radial forces, especially for the support and lifting screw axes of flying machines, characterized in that the circular running surfaces (72) of the bearing are concentric are arranged on a cone shell forming surfaces, half of the cone apex angle (a) is less than 80 °, and that each tread (72) consists of at least one circular formed, relatively thin-walled hard metal profile (71) of great hardness, which apart from its surface parts forming the running surface (72) is made of a light metal body (74) is surrounded and supported by its kind, its shape and its solidity the stability of the tread shape and that of the rotating ones are guaranteed Share on the running surface (72) of the bearing absorbs compressive forces and the stationary machine parts are transferred, whereby the conical roller guide (12 to 15, 58, 62) of small diameter in the radial direction and circumferential direction are divided and each compound needle between made of thin metal sheets (39, 39 ') and can be inserted into a common cage base plate (53) Needle carrier plates (39, 39 ') is held. 2. needle pressure bearing according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the bearing running surface (72) of several similar, concentric arranged hard metal profiles (71) is formed, which are attached to the tread (72) facing profile parts touch with their edges and in place are connected by casting with light metal, so that a uniform, solid, with one or more conical and concentric running surfaces (72) Bearing body is formed, which is largely protected against deformation (Fig. 27). 3. needle pressure bearing according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each a number of rolling elements (12 to 15) are held in a row and the rows among them between conical needle carrier plates (39, 39 '), regularly distributed and arranged radially, are combined to form closed components, which are of the Cage base plate (53) are carried (Fig. 13). 4. Needle thrust bearing according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that several in a row radially arranged rolling elements (12 to 15) form composite needles of great length, wherein the rolling elements (12 to 15) consist of truncated cone-like bodies that are completely or lengthwise partially pierced and rotatably mounted on an axis (18.57), such. that each truncated cone-like body (12 to 15) are held with its pivot pin (33, 50) in the pin bearing rings (38, 36) of the needle carrier plates (39) for the assembled needle '. so that the surfaces of the truncated cone-like bodies (12 to 15) of the various bodies combined to form one and the same assembled needle act like a single cone of revolution. 5. needle pressure bearing according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the assembled needles at least at a point (23) between two of the length after successive rolling elements (12 to 15) in special journal bearing rings (37) are supported, which in turn are attached to needle support plates (39). 6. needle pressure bearing according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rolling elements of the assembled needles by cylindrical rollers combined in groups (58) formed of the same diameter, pierced and around a joint Axis (57) are rotatably mounted, the cylindrical rollers (58) of a group abut one another in their longitudinal direction and support bearings between each roller group (61) are arranged, which are held on a needle carrier plate (39). 7. Needle thrust bearing according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the assembled needles are rotatably attached to a needle carrier plate, which consists of two elongated sheet metal plates (39, 39 ') with outlets (41) for the rolling elements of the assembled needle, the two sheet metal plates (39, 39 ') with their outlets (41) and webs (45) Lay the support bearings of the rolling elements (12 to 15) next to one another. but allow the rolling elements (12 to 15). on their treads (72) move freely. wherein the needle carrier plates (39, 39 ') in a conical roller cage are used and are regularly distributed over the circumference of the bearing running surface (72). B. Needle thrust bearing according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each of the the two elongated sheet metal plates (39, 39 ') with cells (63) forming the needle carrier is provided in the form of spherical zones. like that. that the correspondingly placed one on top of the other Sheet metal plates (39, 39 ') in the formed cells (63) the inserted balls (62) keep rotatable. wherein the balls (62) are arranged in a row and in groups and form a compound needle. 9. needle thrust bearing according to claims 1 to B. characterized. that a conical, made up of individual segments of a circle (53.53a) composite cage base plate provided for receiving the needle carrier plates is. wherein the circular sections (53, 53a) held together by elastic means (69.69 ') and thereby the roll cage will have a certain circular play (Fig. 20). 10. needle thrust bearing according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that between the running surfaces (72, 72 ') at least two cage plates (86, 87) are arranged with composite needles, which are separated from each other by a conical race (82), which on its two parallel surfaces is provided with running surfaces (72,72 ') which are formed by steel profile pieces (71,71') butting against one another. which are arranged on an outer fitting piece (79) made of sheet metal and partially embedded in light metal (81). which is inserted through holes provided for this purpose, whereby the steel profile pieces (71, 71 ') arranged on both sides of the race correspond to the rolling elements (86, 87) and the running surfaces, between which the rolling elements of the two cage plates and the conical intermediate race ( 82) turn at reduced speed (Fig. 28, 29). Publications considered: German Patent Specifications N o. 509913, 487677, 455 465, 430 292, 344 090, 116 481, 109 707, 108 085, 107885, 96738, 90976; British patents \ r. 509004, 471967; U.S. Patents 1r. 1,169,150,987,422; French patents 1r. 842382, 792784, 61958U 609092, 582781, 578-192, 567239.