DE10356611A1 - Process for the reaction of (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes with (ii) isocyanate-containing compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the reaction of (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes with (ii) compounds containing isocyanate groups, wherein (i) thermoplastic polyurethane is fed by an intake aid to an extruder or an injection molding apparatus and having (ii) isocyanate groups in the extruder or the injection molding apparatus Compounds mixes.

Description

The The invention relates to processes for the reaction of (i) thermoplastic Polyurethanes with (ii) isocyanate group-containing compounds. Furthermore, the invention relates to polyisocyanate polyaddition products, especially fibers, hoses, Cable sheaths, Profiles, shaped bodies and films obtainable by the process of the invention.

The Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes, hereinafter also be abbreviated as TPU, is well known.

TPU are semi-crystalline materials and belong to the class of thermoplastic Elastomers. Characteristic of Polyurethane elastomers is the segmented structure of macromolecules. Due to the different cohesive energy densities Ideally, these segments undergo phase separation into crystalline "hard" and amorphous "soft" regions. The resulting Two-phase structure determines the property profile of TPU.

to Improving the property profile of TPU is known from the literature Known to introduce networking in the TPU that cause increased the strength, the heat resistance improved, reduced tensile and compressive residual, resistances against media of all kinds, resilience and Creep behavior can be improved.

Among others, UV or electron beam crosslinking, crosslinking via siloxane groups and the formation of crosslinks by adding isocyanates to the molten TPU are known as crosslinking processes. The reaction of a TPU preferably in the molten state with compounds having isocyanate groups is also referred to as prepolymer crosslinking and is generally characterized US 42 61 946 , US 43 47 338, DE-A 41 15 508, DE-A 4 412 329, EP-A 922 719, GB 2347933, US 61 42 189 , EP-A 1 158 011. Despite this general knowledge about the possibilities of prepolymer crosslinking, this method has so far not been successful in practice. Reasons for this include, among other things, the difficult apparatus design. The most homogeneous possible mixing of the usually present as granules TPU with the liquid or viscous isocyanate group-containing compounds leads to considerable difficulties in practice. On the other hand, the reaction of the TPU with the isocyanate group-containing compounds represents a difficult chemical task, since the mixing of the molten TPU with the prepolymer is usually carried out in an extruder which is too fast or too dense crosslinking, especially with higher functional isocyanates or due to the molecular weight build-up due to the resulting curing can clog quickly. On the other hand, the goal is to achieve as extensive a networking as possible.

Of the The present invention was therefore based on the object, a method for the reaction of (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes with (ii) isocyanate groups, in particular containing compounds containing tri- and polyisocyanates to develop, with regard to the apparatus design a safe, fast and reliable Implementation allows. Fluctuations in product properties should also be avoided become like throughput fluctuations with resulting dimensional fluctuations in extruding, deposits in the extruder or in the injection molding machine, too early Effect of networking over Triisocyanates with stop the promotion (clog the plant).

These Task was solved be that (i) preferably granulated thermoplastic polyurethane through a feeding aid, d. H. an effective catchment zone, a Extruder or an injection molding apparatus, preferably an extruder supplies and in the extruder or the injection molding apparatus, preferably in the Extruder with (ii) isocyanate group-containing compounds and mixed preferably already reacted in the extruder.

By the use according to the invention a retraction aid, through which (i) and preferably also (ii) the extruder supplied be successful on the extruder or on the injection molding apparatus it that solid TPU granules together or separately, preferably together with the preferred at 15 ° C liquid or viscous, preferably liquid (ii) compounds having isocyanate groups in the extruder or introduce the injection molding apparatus quickly and safely. Because of the Length of the Extruders usually the pressure of the melt increases, one becomes the (ii) isocyanate groups having compounds preferably at one point in the extruder introduce, at which the pressure of the melt is less than 200 bar. Especially preference is given to the (ii) isocyanate-containing compounds together with (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes through the intake aid introduce the extruder or the injection molding apparatus, d. H. one uses the same insertion aid for (i) and (ii).

apart from the invention essential insertion aid may be in the Extruder otherwise act around a well-known extruder, such as he is well known for example for the extrusion of TPU. Indeed to lead the most preferred embodiments according to the present invention to a particularly effective and economical mixing and implementation of (i) and (ii).

Feeding aids for extruders are well known to those skilled in the art of extrusion and described many times. Preferably, it is the intake aid ge according to the present invention around a grooved feed zone. Grooved feeding aids, grooved nut extruder or extruders with grooved feed zone, are those skilled in the art well-known and varied in the field of extruder technology, so z. B. in "The extruder in the extrusion process - basis for Quality and Efficiency ", VDI-Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf, 1989, ISBN 3-18-234141-3, pages 13 to 27. Characteristic of a grooved Feed zone is the presence usually substantially parallel to the longitudinal extent the worm in the feed zone of the extruder existing longitudinal grooves in the cylinder wall, usually in the conveying direction Seen tapered to the end of the feed zone. According to lead this Grooves despite the metered addition of a liquid component (ii) in the Extruder to a significantly improved axial promotion of (i) and (ii) by the screw in the extruder. This clear Effect was unexpected, as the expert had to expect that liquid or viscous component (ii) reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of the grooves.

Prefers the grooves have a depth of between 10% and 90% of the mean Particle diameter of (i) is d. H. the depth of the grooves is significantly smaller than the average particle diameter of the granulated TPU (i). Particularly preferably, the grooves have a depth between 1 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm. The grooved Feed zone preferably has a length between the 2-fold and 4 times the screw diameter. Preferably, the grooved Feed zone between 4 and 32, more preferably between 4 and 16 grooves, which are preferably parallel or spiral, preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis run the extruder.

When Snails could commonly known snails used, z. B. 3- or 5-zone screws. Particular advantages arise in the present method, when one uses an extruder having a barrier screw. Barrier screws are well known in the extrusion, for. B. from "The extruder in the extrusion process - basis for quality and efficiency ", VDI-Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf, 1989, ISBN 3-18-234141-3, pages 107 to 125, pages 139 to 143. Unexpected and for the expert surprising to lead straight barrier screws in the solid-liquid dosage according to the invention in particular when mixing and converting (i) and (ii) to particular advantages, the in it are that the liquid Components quickly over Pass the barrier bar into the melt bed of the screw and thereby thermally not be damaged as well as the melting do not affect the granules. The implementation of (i) and (ii) is then carried out preferably starting from very high isocyanate content slowly sloping as melt flows continuously over the barrier. Thereby the process becomes particularly easy to control.

An exemplary extruder is in the 1 represented by the following meanings for the abbreviations:

1

hopper

 2

grooved feed zone

 3

electrical heater

 4

slug

5

cylinder

6

flange

7

transmission

8th

drive motor

9

cooling fan

In the 2 is an exemplary grooved feed zone shown with the following meanings for the abbreviations:

1

longitudinal groove

 2

heat isolation

3

packing sleeve

4

cooling

DN

Nenndurchmesser

X

Aufweitung des Durchmessers.

In the 3 is an exemplary grooved feed zone in longitudinal section, that is shown parallel to the screw, while in 4 various exemplary grooved feed zones are shown in cross section. Where:

DN

Nominal diameter

X

Expansion of the diameter.

The Temperature of the melt in the extruder or in the injection molding apparatus, preferably the extruder is usually between 150 ° C up to 240 ° C, preferably between 180 ° C up to 230 ° C.

The Residence time of the TPU in the extruder is preferably between 120 s and 600 s.

The process product according to the invention can be processed by well-known methods into moldings of all kinds, films, hoses, cable sheathing, injection-molded articles or fibers. The processing temperature in the production of the films, moldings or fibers is preferably up to 150 to 230 ° C, particularly preferably 180 to 220 ° C. A processing of the mixture to the desired films, moldings and / or Fa It is preferred that this is done directly after or during mixing of components (i) and (ii), since thermoplastic processing of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products into films, moldings or fibers is preferably carried out before and / or during the formation of the crosslinks.

By a subsequent one Annealing / storage of the process products from extrusion, injection molding or melt spinning, for example the moldings, films or fibers, at a temperature of, for example, 120 to 80 ° C for a duration from usually for at least 2 hours, preferably 12 to 48 hours at room temperature everything can be slower Allophanate uretdione and / or Isocyanurate crosslinks possibly by hydrolysis and urea bonds and Biurete, difficult to prove. by the excess isocyanate groups be formed in the polyisocyanate polyaddition products. These networks lead regarding the very advantageous properties of the products in relation to the temperature stability and the hysteresis behavior after loading.

According to the present inventive method can well-known TPU as (i) and well-known isocyanate groups containing compounds are used as (ii), where as (ii) both well known diisocyanates, e.g. B. the later isocyanates represented by (a), in particular 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), as well as isocyanate group-containing prepolymers and / or Isocyanates containing biuret structures and / or isocyanurate structures come into question. By way of example, the following compounds may be mentioned: aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, preferably diioscyanates, for example tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, Hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene diisocyanate-1,5, 2-Ethyl-butylene-1,4-diisocyanate, 1,5-pentamethylene-diisocyanate, 1,4-butylene-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1,4- and / or 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4- and / or 2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate, 1,2-diphenylethane diisocyanate and / or phenylene diisocyanate isocyanates, Mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates, Polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates, mixtures of 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates (crude MDI), mixtures from crude MDI and toluene diisocyanates. In addition, isocyanates with isocyanurate and / or biuret structures, ester, urea, allophanate, carbodiimide, Uretdione and / or urethane groups containing di- and / or polyisocyanates in the method according to the invention be used. In particular, for example: Urethane-containing organic polyisocyanates with NCO contents from 33.6 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total weight, for example with low molecular weight diols, triols, dialkylene glycols, trialkylene glycols or polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights up to 6000, in particular with molecular weights up to 1500, modified 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, modified 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate mixtures, modified crude MDI or 2,4- or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, wherein as di- or polyoxyalkylene glycols, individually or as mixtures can be used Examples include: diethylene, dipropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, Polyoxypropylene and polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycols, triols and / or tetrol. Also suitable are NCO-containing prepolymers with NCO contents from 25 to 3.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight prepared from polyester and / or preferably polyether polyols and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, Mixtures of 2,4'- and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanates or crude MDI. Have proven also liquid, Carbodiimide-containing polyisocyanates having NCO contents of 33.6 to 15 wt .-%, based on the total weight, z. B. based of 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and / or 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate. The modified Polyisocyanates can with each other or with unmodified organic polyisocyanates such as B. 2,4'-, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, Crude MDI, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate optionally mixed.

One Another object of the present invention was to provide the chemical Optimize components such that with very good process reliability one possible pronounced Networking can be achieved.

These Task was solved be that as (ii) isocyanate-containing compounds (iia) compounds having at least three, preferably three isocyanate groups based on aliphatic isocyanates, preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and / or 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), more preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and (iib) Compounds with two isocyanate groups based on aromatic Isocyanates, preferably 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), more preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate used.

By this particularly preferred composition, preferably a mixture of (ii) containing (iia) and (iib) become trifunctional by use Isocyanates (iia) crosslinking points already introduced in the melt, the not until a subsequent one Annealing / storage must be trained. This leads to a more quantitative formation of crosslinks in the process product preferably over Urethane structures, which compared to Allophanatvernetzungen stable are. The use of these trifunctional isocyanates (iia) alone is usually associated with significant disadvantages, since these to a network lead to simultaneous molecular weight buildup and congestion of the Extruders lead. Sufficient process reliability can thus only be achieved with difficulty become. Due to the particularly preferred use of the difunctional Compounds (iib) and the associated molecular weight degradation the melt can be a safe and economical process management possible. This is even more so since (iia) is based on aliphatic isocyanates, d. H. that the isocyanate groups of (iia) are aliphatic Iso cyanate groups. These isocyanate groups are significantly less reactive for example against Hydroxyl groups as aromatic isocyanate groups. Since the difunctional, d. H. two isocyanate group-containing compounds (iib) aromatic Isocyanate groups react (iib) with significantly faster the TPU as (iia), so it despite urethane bond networking of the triisocyanate with no or only low molecular weight comes. A blockage in the extruder or in the injection molding apparatus is thus pushed back by (iib) and avoided.

Surprised it was found that the addition of triisocyanates and diisocyanates leads to an excellent melt stability. It can over the Addition of MDI in small amounts on the molecular weight of the TPU the melt stability be improved.

When (iia) it is preferable to use an isocyanurate having three isocyanate groups preferably, an isocyanurate based on HDI, d. H. one trimerized HDI, in which three HDI form an isocyanurate structure and three free isocyanate groups. Particularly preferred sets as (iia) an isocyanurate with an NCO content between 20% and 25%, preferably between 21.5% and 22.5% and a viscosity at 23 ° C between 2500 mPas and 4000 mPas.

When (iib) preferably 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), a carbodiimide-modified MDI and / or a prepolymer on the basis of MDI. Particularly preferred is (iib) a Prepolymer based on 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), alkanediol, prefers dipropylene glycol, with a molecular weight between 60 g / mol and 400 g / mol and polyether diol, preferably polypropylene glycol ether, with a molecular weight between 500 g / mol and 4000 g / mol. Especially Preferably, a prepolymer is present as (iib) with a viscosity at 25 ° C between 500 mPas and 800 mPas, preferably between 550 mPas and 770 mPas and an NCO content between 20% and 25%, preferably between 22.4% and 23.4%.

Prefers If one puts (iia) and (iib) in a weight ratio of (iia): (iib) between 1: 1 and 1:10, preferably between 1: 3 and 1: 4.

Especially preferably leads The procedure is such that one per 100 parts by weight of (i) thermoplastic Polyurethane between 1 and 10 parts by weight, preferably between 2 and 6 parts by weight of (ii) isocyanate group-containing compounds.

By the surplus of isocyanate groups by the addition of (ii) it is achieved that these isocyanate groups during and / or after mixing components (i) and (ii) in cold or warm state of the components crosslinks in the form of, for example Urethane, allophanate, uretdione, and / or isocyanurate structures and possibly urea and biuret bonds that form part of the improved properties of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products to lead. The formation of the crosslinks may optionally by addition of Catalysts that are well known for this purpose, for example Alkaliacatate- and / or formiate, promoted. Also done a networking over free opposite Isocyanate-reactive groups, eg. As hydroxyl groups or primary or secondary Amino groups, especially hydroxyl groups, of the linear TPU polymer. These reactive groups can already present in the TPU granules, but they also arise in the Extruder in the TPU melt z. B. by thermodynamic cleavage of the polymer strand under processing conditions or in the Store or heat the isocyanate-rich material.

When TPU can commonly known TPUs are used. The TPU can be in the method according to the invention in usual Form, for example as granules or pellets, preferably granules, be used. TPU are well known and widely described.

• a) Als organische Isocyanate (a) können allgemein bekannte aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische und/oder aromatische Isocyanate, bevorzugt Diisocyanate eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta- und/oder Oktamethylendiisocyanat, 2-Methyl-pentamethylen-diisocyanat-1,5, 2-Ethyl-butylen-diisocyanat-1,4, Pentamethylen-diisocyanat-1,5, Butylen-diisocyanat-1,4, 1-Isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexan (Isophoron-diisocyanat, IPDI), 1,4- und/oder 1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexan (HXDI), 1,4-Cyclohexan-diisocyanat, 1-Methyl-2,4- und/oder -2,6-cyclohexan-diisocyanat und/oder 4,4'-, 2,4'- und 2,2'-Dicyclohexylmethan-diisocyanat, 2,2'-, 2,4'- und/oder 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI), 1,5-Naphthylendiisocyanat (NDI), 2,4- und/oder 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI), Diphenylmethandiisocyanat, 3,3'-Dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanat, 1,2-Diphenyl-ethandiisocyanat und/oder Phenylendiisocyanat.
• b) Als gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktive Verbindungen (b) können die allgemein bekannten gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktiven Verbindungen eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Polyesterole, Polyetherole und/oder Polycarbonatdiole, die üblicherweise auch unter dem Begriff "Polyole" zusammengefasst werden, mit Molekulargewichten von 500 bis 8000, bevorzugt 600 bis 6000, insbesondere 800 bis 4000, und bevorzugt einer mittleren Funktionalität von 1,8 bis 2,3, bevorzugt 1,9 bis 2,2, insbesondere 2. Bevorzugt setzt man Polyetherpolyole ein, besonders bevorzugt solche Polyetherole auf Basis von Polyoxytetramethylenglykol. Die Polyetherole weisen den Vorteil auf, dass sie eine höhere Hydrolysestabilität als Polyesterole besitzen.
• c) Als Kettenverlängerungsmittel (c) können allgemein bekannte aliphatische, araliphatische, aromatische und/oder cycloaliphatische Verbindungen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 50 bis 499, bevorzugt 2-funktionelle Verbindungen, eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise Diamine und/oder Alkandiole mit 2 bis 10 C-Atomen im Alkylenrest, insbesondere Butandiol-1,4, Hexandiol-1,6 und/oder Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta-, Okta-, Nona- und/oder Dekaalkylenglykole mit 3 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt entsprechende Oligo- und/oder Polypropylenglykole, wobei auch Mischungen der Kettenverlängerer eingesetzt werden können.
• d) Geeignete Katalysatoren, welche insbesondere die Reaktion zwischen den NCO-Gruppen der Diisocyanate (a) und den Hydroxylgruppen der Aufbaukomponenten (b) und (c) beschleunigen, sind die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten und üblichen tertiären Amine, wie z. B. Triethylamin, Dimethylcyclohexylamin, N-Methylmorpholin, N,N'-Dimethylpiperazin, 2-(Dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethanol, Diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan und ähnliche sowie insbesondere organische Metallverbindungen wie Titansäureester, Eisenverbindungen wie z. B. Eisen-(III)-acetylacetonat, Zinnverbindungen, z. B. Zinndiacetat, Zinndioctoat, Zinndilaurat oder die Zinndialkylsalze aliphatischer Carbonsäuren wie Dibutylzinndiacetat, Dibutylzinndilaurat oder ähnliche. Die Katalysatoren werden üblicherweise in Mengen von 0,0001 bis 0,1 Gew.-Teilen pro 100 Gew.-Teile Polyhydroxylverbindung (b) eingesetzt.
• e) Neben Katalysatoren (d) können den Aufbaukomponenten (a) bis (c) auch übliche Hilfsmittel (e) hinzugefügt werden. Genannt seien beispielsweise oberflächenaktive Substanzen, Füllstoffe, Flammschutzmittel, Keimbildungsmittel, Oxidationsstabilisatoren, Gleit- und Entformungshilfen, Farbstoffe und Pigmente, Stabilisatoren, z. B. gegen Hydrolyse, Licht, Hitze oder Verfärbung, anorganische und/oder organische Füllstoffe, Verstärkungsmittel und Weichmacher. Als Hydrolyseschutzmittel werden bevorzugt oligomere und/oder polymere aliphatische oder aromatische Carbodiimide verwendet.

Methods of making TPU are well known. For example, the thermoplastic polyurethanes can be prepared by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) isocyanate-reactive compounds having a molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 and optionally (c) chain lengths optionally be prepared in the presence of (d) catalysts and / or (e) conventional auxiliaries and / or additives. In the following, by way of example, the starting components and methods for producing the preferred TPU are shown. The components (a), (b) and optionally (c), (e) and / or (f) usually used in the preparation of the TPU are described below by way of example:

• a) As organic isocyanates (a) it is possible to use generally known aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, for example tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl pentamethylene diisocyanate-1,5, 2-ethyl-butylene-diisocyanate-1,4, pentamethylene-diisocyanate-1,5, butylene-diisocyanate-1,4, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5 -isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 1,4- and / or 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4- and / or -2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate and / or 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4 'Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate, 1,2-diphenyl ethane diisocyanate and / or phenylene diisocyanate.
• b) As isocyanate-reactive compounds (b) it is possible to use the generally known isocyanate-reactive compounds, for example polyesterols, polyetherols and / or polycarbonatediols, which are usually also grouped under the term "polyols", with molecular weights of from 500 to 8,000 600 to 6000, in particular 800 to 4000, and preferably an average functionality of 1.8 to 2.3, preferably 1.9 to 2.2, in particular 2. Preference is given to polyether polyols, more preferably such polyether polyoxyethylene based on polyoxytetramethylene. The polyetherols have the advantage that they have a higher hydrolysis stability than polyesterols.
• c) As chain extenders (c) it is possible to use generally known aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic compounds having a molecular weight of 50 to 499, preferably 2-functional compounds, for example diamines and / or alkanediols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, in particular 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and / or di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and / or decaalkylene glycols having 3 to 8 carbon atoms , Preferred corresponding oligo- and / or polypropylene glycols, wherein mixtures of the chain extenders can be used.
• d) Suitable catalysts which in particular accelerate the reaction between the NCO groups of the diisocyanates (a) and the hydroxyl groups of the synthesis components (b) and (c) are known and customary in the prior art tertiary amines, such as. For example, triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane and the like, and in particular organic metal compounds such as titanic acid esters, iron compounds such. For example, iron (III) acetylacetonate, tin compounds, e.g. As tin diacetate, tin dioctoate, tin dilaurate or Zinndialkylsalze aliphatic carboxylic acids such as dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate or the like. The catalysts are usually used in amounts of 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxyl compound (b).
• e) In addition to catalysts (d) can the constitutional components (a) to (c) and conventional auxiliaries (e) are added. Examples include surfactants, fillers, flame retardants, nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes and pigments, stabilizers, eg. As against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and plasticizers. As hydrolysis protective agents it is preferred to use oligomeric and / or polymeric aliphatic or aromatic carbodiimides.

Further details on the above-mentioned auxiliary substances and additives can be found in the specialist literature, for. B. Plastics Additive Handbook, ^5th edition, H. Zweifel, ed, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2001. All molecular weights mentioned in this specification have the unit [g / mol]. To adjust the hardness of the TPU, the structural components (b) and (c) can be varied in relatively wide molar ratios. Proven molar ratios of component (b) to total used chain extenders (c) of 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 4, wherein the hardness of the TPU increases with increasing content of (c). The reaction can be carried out at customary ratios, preferably at a ratio of 60 to 120, more preferably at a ratio of 80 to 110. The ratio is defined by the ratio of the total isocyanate groups used in the reaction of component (a) to isocyanates reactive groups, ie the active hydrogens, components (b) and (c). With a figure of 100, an isocyanate group of component (a) has an active hydrogen atom, ie, an isocyanate-reactive function, components (b) and (c). For ratios above 100 are more isocyanate groups than OH groups in front. The preparation of the TPU can be carried out continuously by the known processes, for example with reaction extruders or the strip process according to one-shot or the prepolymer process, or batchwise by the known prepolymer process. In these processes, the reacting components (a), (b) and optionally (c), (d) and / or (e) may be mixed together successively or simultaneously with the reaction starting immediately. In the extruder process, the synthesis components (a), (b) and optionally (c), (d) and / or (e) are introduced individually or as a mixture into the extruder, for. B. at temperatures of 100 to 280 ° C, preferably 140 to 250 ° C for the reaction, the resulting TPU is extruded, cooled and granulated or cooled during granulation.

Claims (18)

Process for the reaction of (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes with (ii) compounds containing isocyanate groups, characterized in that (i) thermoplastic polyurethane is fed by an intake aid to an extruder or an injection molding apparatus and in the extruder or the injection molding apparatus with compounds containing (ii) isocyanate groups mixed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one has the (ii) isocyanate groups Introduces compounds in one place in the extruder, on the pressure of the melt is less than 200 bar. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one has the (ii) isocyanate groups Compounds together with (i) thermoplastic polyurethanes introduces the intake aid to the extruder or the injection molding apparatus. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the intake aid to a grooved feed zone acts. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grooves have a depth, the between 10% and 90% of the mean particle diameter of (i) is. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grooves have a depth between 1 mm and 8 mm. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grooved feed zone has a length between having 2 times and 4 times the screw diameter. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grooved feed zone between Has 4 and 32 grooves. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extruder is a barrier screw having. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as (ii) isocyanate groups having Compounds (iia) Compounds having at least three isocyanate groups based on aliphatic isocyanates and (iib) compounds with two isocyanate groups based on aromatic isocyanates starts. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that as (iia) an isocyanurate with three Isocyanate groups used. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that as (iia) an isocyanurate with a NCO content between 20% and 25% and a viscosity at 23 ° C between 2500 mPas and 4000 mPas. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that as (iib) 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), a carbodiimide-modified 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and / or a prepolymer based on 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the (iib) a prepolymer on the Base of 2,2'-, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), alkanediol with a molecular weight between 60 g / mol and 400 g / mol and polyether diol having a molecular weight between 500 g / mol and 4000 g / mol. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the prepolymer has a viscosity at 25 ° C between 500 mPas and 800 mPas and an NCO content between 20% and 25%, preferably between 22.4% and 23.4%. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that (iia) and (iib) in a weight ratio (iia) : (iib) between 1: 1 and 1:10. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that that per 100 parts by weight (i) thermoplastic polyurethane between 1 and 10 parts by weight (ii) Isocyanate group-containing compounds is used. Polyisocyanate polyaddition products obtainable by a process according to any one of the claims 1 to 17.