DE10349041A1 - Path measurement device, especially for measuring the distance between interlocking joints of a multi-layer construction for use in the building industry, has a cylindrical measurement scale that is used with a marking rod - Google Patents

Abstract

Direct measuring of path lengths, height and right angles without the use of a geodetic instrument using an inventive device that comprises a cylindrical measurement scale (1) that is used with a marking rod (6) that slides along the rod.

Description

STATE OF THE ART

The dimensioning is based on expansion on the use of geodesy devices on the one hand and handling of various manual means on the other hand. to Various measuring devices exist from simple tape measures, cord plummets to leveling and theodolites including modern electronics Tachymeters with field calculator and permissible accuracy (approx. 3 mm and 1 mgon for Angles) and digital levels.

Various connections are used between edges of neighboring prefabricated parts, mainly through projections for reinforcement, which are combined with grouting concrete on site.

CRITICISM OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGY

You keep a significant difference between permissible Tolerances and minimum sheet thicknesses used in mechanical engineering and construction

The flexible tape measure is good not for Bracket, accuracy of dragonflies in geodesic devices very dependent on Radius and uniformity of the cut curve, the size of the bubble, Type of liquid, Temperature influences.

Only direct route measurement, e.g. with steel tape measure, the track accuracy can be 1/10000, because modern geodesy equipment (data 2002) only guarantee accuracy of approx. 25 mm at 20 m target range.

TASK

The object of the invention is Perfection of dimensions for finished parts and during assembly, to narrow the gap between the above tolerances it is important to close the joint between individual components as far as possible Approximate properties of monolithic structure and with automation to manufacture

SOLUTION TO THE TASK

The modern level of technology and or temperature dependent change of dimensions for steel and concrete moistened in certain ways clearly show that the tolerances for finished parts and when assembling and should not exceed the size ± (3 - 5mm) ..

This creates the following requirements: 1) the dimensions of components can be arranged so that intermediate slots possibility of compensation during assembly and at the same time good quality with dry construction guarantee, 2) the mismatch planned positions for screw connections can be eliminated by light hammer blows.

A pair of marker pens on a finished part

Marker pen or simply marker 6 ( 1b ) is briefly more outstanding from a lateral surface (thickness surface) of the finished part metallic pin, which is used to measure its position with respect to other identical markers. The markers of a pair are arranged at a certain distance from each other. For this you need round recesses or short tubes on the edges of finished parts, within which these markers are used before the measurement. These markers, which are positioned for easy use within a height of approx. 1.5m, must be foreseen at least for square elements of a building.

Long Normal.

For this you use a profile 1 Made of stainless steel or aluminum alloys with engravings of a metric scale, which is applied to hot or cold rolls by means of a corrugated roll surface ( 1a ). Each length standard has two holders with openings for attachments to mackers - an immovable O-holder and a second transparent slide (similar to those for rake rods), but with fastening or friction screws ( 1b ).

These long standards can be in Split 2 categories: 1) first category means that certain Temperature deviation from exact value over full length can be determined Do not exceed value (1mm or its fraction), 2) second category means that the existing scale does not suffice for this operation, therefore should also directly convert to this standard will be shown.

This profile is used after application of numerical displays as length standards that are not just for dimensioning on construction sites, but also for Manufacturing precise welded Formwork for Construction or construction site is used.

Along with fastened through openings in the profile 1 Spirit level of a length standard is also used for correcting project-equal height of both bases.

Angle measurement by three length standards.

As far as accurate measurement of right angles in horizontal and vertical planes and subsequent project-related support of wall and floor ceiling elements, the simplest and most precise way to achieve this goal is to use this length normal, rotating with respect to a specific axis. Then connect these two norms with length A and B with third tem normal (diagonal) with length √ A² + B² gives exact location. This diagonal works as a holder for a really vertical supporting wall during assembly ( 1b ).

Recycling is particularly easy this way with stationary Conditions in construction where these surveying and fixing are in a horizontal area with respect to clearly recognized markings at a comfortable table height erffüllt. After welding thus more precise arranged formwork with length standards also become mounting brackets or recess with corresponding markings arranged just as much precisely.

Of course, this measurement needs and mounting a slide along length normal with a limiter and optical magnification, in order as possible ensure precisely prescribed extent.

For typical for medium residential and office building dimensions in 10-100 m in plan is therefore more predictive of the above Viewpoint of accuracy and at any rate competitive.

Height determination in intermediate points if the cord is unplugged using a force measuring device.

The most important survey on site starts from foundations. Namely is the accuracy of your location along with that for finished parts authoritative for more Tolerances with already dependent Building process. Therefore two comments are crucial: 1) on this stage you can Mostly exclude negative wind effects, 2) for correction of the above Location is always needed Amounts of soil, gravel, etc. are present and are easily operated. in the On the contrary, the use of small amounts of concrete or mortar for documents many problems.

Outstretched by on same Level ends of the cord construction section are considered a reliable indicator not only on schedule, but also for the amount of now developed objects.

In the case of an immovable and other roller used for tensioning, fixing at the same height ( 1c ), A cord bends under its own weight in the form of a parabola with who deflection f = γL ^2/8 [σ], where γ volume weight of cord fabric, L-string Lange, [σ] -voltage in cord. With moderate lengths and permissible stresses, the size is a few mm or even a fraction of it.

Supporting wall joining ( 4 )

The intersections of supporting walls are the places for almost monolithic your connection, which is achieved by using sheet steel edges 2 on the one hand and loop projections 3 with vertical reinforcement bars 4 on the other hand is achieved. The latter are arranged so that there is free space for concrete and vibrator transfer in the central zone of the future pillar. The open side is made possible by reusable formwork 5 or 7 screwed to the mounting bracket in the finished part 6 ,

By the presence of densifications 8th . 10 this room is hermetically sealed. With controlled fixation for concrete containers with pants and locks, operation for concreting is possible from below. One uses similarly the elastic pants to vibrator by simple arrangement with a role in certain place.

ACHIEVABLE BENEFITS

• 1. Higher Accuracy with economical use of length standards and Leads to simplify assembly and joining connections.
• 2. Essential economy of construction costs for multilayer Building constructions with necessary sound insulation
• 3. Economic non-positive Add construction.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES

Precise measurement

When hot rolling long standards should increase the division intervals in a calculable way in order to correct them after shrinking Ad for to give normal temperature. The numerical information is indicated by waterproof paint applied according to the most commonly used dimensions for building cells is your length (distance between adjacent bulkheads) to about 6 m and for Diagonal for square elements with marker spacing approx. 4 m also approx. 6 m.

Calculations show that moderate for handling Such flexible long standards have sufficient dead weight Stiffness to possible pressure forces appearing during assembly up to 1 ton without a kink.

For a building with 5 entrances and a length of approx. 60 m ( 2 ) the maximum deflection of steel wire cord at tension up to the line limit, calculated by the above formula, is only several mm.

Three length standards for angle measurement 1 . 2 . 3 ( 1b ) with certain displays for sliders S and corresponding positions for live openings are successively on immobile O-holders 5 from one side and through openings in slides 4 from another side on markers 6 set in construction recesses.

The principle of recycling these measurements is very simple: 1) angular, real vertical component must have a horizontal surface, 2) the same component arranged transversely can align at exactly the right angle during assembly, 3) with two Parallel length standards can be adjusted, 4) Rarely compensation in height after the spirit level is displayed can be achieved by using the fixed base of the required small thickness, in order not to endure the assembly crane. 5) After removing reusable length standards and markers, the contact surfaces for mounting are neighboring elements smooth again. This applies analogously to horizontal elements.

These economic surveys are only for Basic components needed. Further alignment for other, with already dependent Location components met one by using purrs and plumb bobs, for which the markers are also used become.

a) Prefabricated floor element A and its joints

Use of this construction is particularly favorable for buildings with many entrances and subsequent transverse bulkheads 6 ( 2 )

A similar row of components A only interrupts stairwells 9 , Element A consists of an upper reinforced lightweight concrete slab 1 , Surcharge 2 made of a foam with recesses with a concealing net 3 and fire-resistant plaster 5 from underneath.

The cross recesses are like this arranged that any normal to ceiling surface is an air layer crossed and thus with certain flat-related masses for 1 and 5 standard sound insulation guaranteed becomes.

The construction contained a foam core 2 a steel support net made of crooked sheets 3 between a plaster 5 made of fire-resistant fabric and top layer 1 made of reinforced super light concrete. The distances 30-50 cm between slightly curved on radius sheets 3 suffice for passage of a shaft if necessary.

At the edge, element A contained steel profiles 4 , which is also used as formwork for foaming and in-situ concreting, support on the supporting wall 6 and fastening strips 3 is used. The screw sleeve is used 7 for positive connection between adjacent elements with required tolerance.

b) Manufactured on site Floor ceiling with network structure

Basic idea for the structure with crooked shell-like top layers is based on skills very thin non-bending shells, evenly distributed Burden, rather exceeding theirs Endurance, endurance.

Realizing this idea for steel structure is positioned on the same surface in the shell surface of positive Gaussian curvature of the network from crooked sheet metal under certain conditions between sheet metal and Shell thickness based. Because of the large (untransportable) dimensions of the Your production will only be fulfilled by assembly on the construction site.

Economical foam filling 2 can only be carried out in these circumstances using a cold process for foaming, similar foam concrete. For the required sound insulation, open-cell foam is used for. B. manufactured by hydraulic shock. The weight per unit area of this material is between pure foam and foam concrete due to the cement content.

The construction contained a foam core 2 a steel support net made of crooked sheets 3 between a plaster 5 made of fire-resistant fabric and top layer 1 made of reinforced super light concrete. The distances 30-50 cm between slightly curved on radius sheets 3 suffice for passage of a shaft if necessary.

The support net elements 3 ( 3 ) with end threads 9 become edge profile 4 by document 7 (both with openings) attached.

edge profiles 4 are placed on supporting walls that have already been manufactured to their lower level, network elements 3 similarly shown on 1 fastened together and with grouting concrete between the two profiles 4 filled. A positive connection between ends 9 neighboring elements are also possible with low tolerances.

c) High level of accuracy in the manufacture and assembly of individual supporting walls 1 lead to perfect screw connections 6 and concreting process for joining.

The unusual for construction edge plates 2 With a thickness of approx. 1 mm, which are used to separate reinforcement protrusions during production, they guarantee the properties of monolithic structures through adhesion with grouting concrete.

Claims (8)

Immediate measurement of route length, equal intermediate heights and right angles without geodetic devices characterized in that your easily checked accuracy only contained the errors that are caused by plotting the metric scale and calculations and thus can reach 1/10000 or less of absolute value of measured size , This creates the conditions for door non-positive connections (joining) between adjacent floor ceilings and supporting walls A pretty solid length standard 1 (collapsible for large dimensions) for measurement of track length according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloys by a corrugated roller surface as a metal weighing product with slip-free roll drawing (profile with the highest accuracy for mm scale) and an O-holder 4 and a transparent slider 5 Has. The latter can have fixation screws and magnification for reading accuracy. A marker pen or marker 6 for surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that it is inserted in the intended recess or short tube in a prefabricated part and is actuated for attaching length standards ( 1b ). A threaded tube 11 can be used for both lifting loops 12 for markers as well 6 to use ( 1d ). A cord 8th ( 1c ) for determining the position of the same intermediate heights according to claim 1, characterized in that taking into account permissible displays for dynamometers 10 and properties of cord material, the correct height can be calculatedably corrected. Process of determination of the right angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, with the corresponding laying of edges for three length normals 1 . 2 . 3 at certain predictable positions from your sliders 5 is reached ( 1b ) Prefabricated floor element ( 2 ) according to claim 1 with lamination between ceiling layers 1 . 5 within the surcharge 2 Carrying net characterized in that longitudinal stripes 3 from neighboring support nets by screws 7 connected and then with grouting concrete between edge profiles 4 for bulkhead 6 be surrounded. Manufactured floor slab on construction site ( 3 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that after laying the lower concrete layer 5 Your structure made of sheet metal strips 3 in longitudinal and transverse directions, fixing in edge profiles 4 , is assembled. Then foam beads are foamed by blowing agent and adding cement. This new aggregate material differs from foam concrete in that it has an open-cell structure and less cement content. The prefabricated supporting wall according to claim 1, characterized in that your joints ( 4 ) between reusable formwork 5 . 7 , screwed to tabs 6 in finished parts, and compaction 8th . 10 to be produced. The steel elements for this joint consist of reinforcement projections 3 , Rods 4 and thin edge plates 2 ,