DE10340842A1 - Applying a prefinished component to a ceramic member e.g. cup, comprises preparing the component, partially dissolving the contact surfaces, and oscillating the components relative to one another - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for applying a prefinished ceramic component (42), especially a handle, to a ceramic component (22), especially a cup, comprises preparing the component and the prefinished section, partially dissolving the surface contact zones by applying a liquid, and joining the two components. The components are oscillated relative to each other, and a paste layer is formed. The oscillation speed is 20-40 Hz. The apparatus used to carry out the process includes a head (18), a base (24) and an arm (14).

Description

The The present invention relates to a method of garnishing a prefabricated part of ceramic mass, in particular a handle, to a body made of ceramic material, in particular a cup.

traditionally, are used in the ceramic industry in assembling made of porcelain mass handles and cup bodies so called Garnierschlicker used. Such Garnierschlicker are usually only slightly diluted Suspensions of porcelain mass in water, pasty to strong viscous to a sufficiently strong cohesive force in a tie layer between cup body and to produce handles. Depending on handle and cup body used Porcelain paste can Garnierschlicker ingredients from ceramic masses, clays, kaolins, ceramic glazes, organic adhesives, etc included.

Usually Garnishing the already prefabricated items in the Shaping process during the phase of drying when the porcelain mass is approximately leather-hard dried. When garnishing, a Garnierschlickerschicht is first on the connection point of one or both parts to be joined applied, then the two parts at the intended attachment points assembled manually or by machine and by pressure to adhere brought. Subsequently must be between the assembled Splashed Garnierschlicker in further steps plastered. This step is imperative when receiving clean jointing edges should be.

Around To avoid the plastering step after assembly, are methods have been proposed in which the use of Garnierschlickers can be waived. In these methods, one is called thixotropy exploited known effect, which is that one already to a certain extent dried ceramic mass under the action a e.g. shearing force generated by vibrations from the dried on Condition can be brought into a plastic state that So the viscosity the ceramic mass decreases under the influence of the shear force.

Such a method is for example in the DD 146 414 described. The technical implementation of this method is characterized in that the leather hard pre-dried handle is vibrated at a frequency in the range of 50 to 200 Hz and an amplitude of ≤ 1 mm before being pressed to the intended location of the cup and during the Andrückvorgangs remains in vibration. In this way, due to the oscillatory movement of the handle relative to the resting cup at the points provided for the contact points of the handle and the cup generates a shear force which causes the ceramic mass on the surface in a softening state, so that a connection of cup and handle is possible without the use of Garnierschlickers ,

Around damage, or a destruction of the Ceramic parts during of the joining process To avoid the handle is provided prior to compression to the touch Places covered with a film of water, which prevents bristle tears on first contact of cup and handle arise.

In further developments, as they are known from the DD 266 704 A3 or the DE 199 13 463 are known, this thixotropic Garnierverfahren has been improved so that higher vibration frequencies in the range of 200 to 800 Hz, the use of vibration with a vibration component not only perpendicular to the joining direction, but also parallel to the joining direction or larger vibration amplitudes were provided to 4 mm. In these methods, the application of a water film on the handle prior to assembly is no longer essential.

At the Thixotropy process is a relatively large device technical effort to produce the corresponding oscillatory movement of the body to be joined together with big enough Frequency and amplitude required. In addition, the joining of the two parts with relatively large Accuracy done to damage to avoid the very first contact of the two parts very much can easily occur. Of the reason for this is that both parts are relatively brittle at the first contact and the thixotropic effect is sufficient only after a certain time makes noticeable.

task Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a method of the above specify the type mentioned, in which without post-processing a good adhesion Connection with clean connection between the two prefabricated Parts of ceramic mass can be obtained at the same time lower Claim to the necessary apparatus for the construction of the apparatus.

• a) Bereitstellen des Körpers aus keramischer Masse,
• b) Bereitstellen des vorgefertigten Teils aus keramischer Masse,
• c) wenigstens teilweises Anlösen oberflächennaher Zonen der Keramikmasse des Körpers oder/und des vorgefertigten Teils an zur gegen seitigen Berührung vorgesehenen Stellen durch Aufbringen von Flüssigkeit,
• d) Zusammenfügen der jeweils zur Berührung vorgesehenen Stellen von Körper und vorgefertigtem Teil, wobei durch eine Relativbewegung von Körper und vorgefertigtem Teil mit einer Relativbewegungskomponente in wenigstens einer anderen Richtung als der aufeinanderzu gerichteten Bewegung von Körper und vorgefertigtem Teil die bereits angelöste Keramikmasse mit weiterer, noch nicht angelöster Keramikmasse zur Bildung einer pastösen Schicht vermischt wird.

To achieve the above object, a method for garnishing a prefabricated part of ceramic mass, in particular according to the invention a handle, to a body of ceramic mass, in particular a cup, provided, comprising the following steps:

• a) providing the body of ceramic mass,
• b) providing the prefabricated part of ceramic mass,
• c) at least partial dissolution of near-surface zones of the ceramic mass of the body or / and of the prefabricated part at points provided for mutual contact by application of liquid,
• d) joining the respectively intended for contact points of body and prefabricated part, wherein by a relative movement of the body and prefabricated part with a relative movement component in at least one direction other than the successive movement of body and prefabricated part, the already dissolved ceramic mass with further, still not dissolved ceramic material to form a pasty layer is mixed.

The According to the invention for solving near the surface Areas of the body's ceramic mass and / or The liquid used in the prefabricated part can be either a pure liquid be, e.g. Water, or it can also be a highly diluted suspension be used. It is important in the latter case that the suspension diluted so far is that they are essentially the properties of a liquid has, i. especially has a very low viscosity. Often, especially if body and Anzugarnierendes part consist of the same ceramic material, such as This is usually the case, as a liquid a very diluted one Suspension of a for the appropriate ceramic mass suitable Garnierschlickers used become. However, this Garnierschlickersuspension then has a too low viscosity, to act in the sense of a Garnierschlickers, as it is commonly used, but supports merely the formation of a pasty intermediate layer by dissolution near the surface Areas of prefabricated part and / or ceramic body.

The provided according to the invention Relative movement between the prefabricated part and the body is too small to have a thixotropic effect, ie a softening of the near-surface Areas of the dried ceramic mass by the action of shear forces, too cause. This is mainly due to the fact that the dissolved surface layer at least initially has a very low viscosity, so a very Strong relative movement would be required to produce a corresponding shear stress in the near-surface To produce areas of the ceramic mass. Rather, it is due to the relative movement the prefabricated part and the body an increasing homogenization the loosened shallow Layer of ceramic mass reaches that with a gradual increase the viscosity this near-surface Layer by addition of additional Shard material is connected. So arises after a certain Time from the broken material in the dried state of body (Cup) and / or prefabricated part (Henkel) and the used Liquid / suspension a high-viscosity, pasty one Intermediate layer, its viscosity just so big is that one to connect handle and cup for the following process steps necessary cohesive force can be generated.

at the method according to the invention will be - like in thixotropic Garnierverfahren - when joining prefabricated part and body a Garnierschlicker formed of broken material. In difference however, the viscosity of the shard material becomes thixotropic garnishing not gradually diminished so much that the ceramic mass in the joining area flow properties gets, but it is applied a dissolving liquid whose initially very low viscosity by detachment ceramic mass of body and prefabricated part in near - surface areas of the Compound provided points is gradually increased so far until sufficient cohesive force is reached. The relative movement of the two parts is not used the generation of shear forces like the thixotropic Garnierverfahren, but the support or Acceleration of detachment of shards material through the liquid, so an increased mixing.

As a rule, it will be provided that one of the elements, body or prefabricated part, in step c) is not brought into contact with liquid and only in step d) as a result of the relative movement of body and prefabricated part by frictional forces and on the other element , prefabricated part or body, applied liquid dissolving the joining surface of the one element, body or prefabricated part, takes place. This can be done, for example, by first applying a small, precisely metered quantity of liquid, for example, through a swab to the cup body at locations intended for contact, the prefabricated handle to be attached still remaining dry. Only when subsequently the handle is pressed against the cup, dissolves also on the handle in near-surface areas of the point of contact ceramic mass through the liquid with gradual formation of a pasty intermediate layer. In this type of process management is carried out by the relative movement of the two parts not only the initialization and amplification of the transition from ceramic material into a suspension with the liquid, but also a corresponding homogenization of the suspended ceramic components within the liquid, so that a correspondingly homogeneously adherent intermediate layer is formed.

Preferably contains the liquid mainly Water or / and a solvent or liquefying agent. Pure water becomes common used to dissolve or bring into suspension ceramic masses. For support may instead of pure water, a highly diluted suspension with appropriate suitable Garnierschlicker be used, then on it it should be noted that the suspension as a whole is essentially liquid and only low viscosity having. Especially with heavy parts, it may be beneficial if additionally or in place of water as a liquid a suitably suitable solvent or thinning agent is used. Such substances are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Formsil D (Henkel), Gießfix 162/10 (Company Zschimmer & Schwarz) or Vanisperse A (Lignotech company).

If a Garnierschlicker suspension is used, should preferably the liquid at most 650 g / l, especially at most 642 g / l Garnierschlickermaterial included. This will ensure that the ceramic composition used to connect the two parts mainly from the near-surface Areas of the merge Parts removed is provided, and not provided by the added Garnierschlicker is, so that a lateral pushing out of excess Garnierschlicker how In conventional garnishing the rule can be avoided. As already mentioned, can the liquid Naturally also contain essentially no slip materials. In this Case, it preferably consists only of water or / and a the said liquefaction agent. This liquid let yourself after joining relatively easy to remove by evaporation or drying, so that the connection of the two parts essentially through the shard material made of prefabricated part and body.

Around the relative movement between body and to realize prefabricated part, can be provided that in Step d) Body and prefabricated part relative to each other vibrated become. A vibrational movement is relatively easy to implement and is technically available in many variants readily available, where also on experience with the already known thixotropic Garnierverfahren resorted can be. The essential advantage of a vibrational movement is that is, the surface areas provided for connection relative to each other be moved with appropriate support of the mixing process of liquid and ceramic mass, but that overall considered the movement in the Essentially limited to the area of the junction. At correspondingly cheaper Of course, geometry of the joint can also be applied to other forms of relative movement be thought of, for example, rotational movements, tilting or the like.

The Vibration of body and prefabricated part to each other should preferably in one Plane perpendicular to the relative motion component directed towards each other of body and prefabricated part. The mixing of liquid and ceramic material or the dissolving further ceramic mass is then optimally supported by corresponding by the relative movement flow movements or turbulence in the dissolving liquid be induced.

It it is not necessary that a strong vibration is used because the generation of shear forces as in the thixotropic Garnierverfahren is not according to the inventive method required. It turned out that a vibration without Further sufficient, whose frequency is less than 50 Hz, preferably is less than 40 Hz. Ideally, the frequency should be between 20 and 40 Hz. Likewise, the amplitude of the oscillation can be relative be low. It has been shown that an amplitude is smaller 1 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, ideally in one area between 0.15 and 0.5 mm gives satisfactory results. In the correspondingly low viscosity the used dissolving liquid Under these conditions, it can be assumed that thixotropic effects largely negligible are. Also a damage of the broken piece of prefabricated part and / or body at the first contact even with greater contact pressure not to be expected.

A easy to implement arrangement provides that the prefabricated Part of vibrations, while it against the body is pressed. Since the prefabricated part, e.g. the handle, usually lighter is as the body, e.g. a cup, in this case is also a correspondingly weaker trained Drive sufficient, for example, by a compressed air-powered Vibration generator is readily feasible. The reverse Arrangement in which the body Oscillations, is self-evident also conceivable. This can easily on the thixotropic Garnierverfahren used experiences and orders.

The process can be used particularly favorably if the body and prefabricated part before step b) dried in a leather-hard state with a water content of less than 20 wt .-%, preferably from about 18 wt .-% are.

The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment with reference explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 a schematic view of an automatic Garniermaschine with four arranged along a common axis of rotation Garniermodulen,

2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a Garnierkopfs for receiving and holding cup bodies,

3 a greatly simplified schematic view of a Garniermoduls for carrying out the method according to the invention as part of the automatic Garniermaschine after 1 in the direction of view of the axis of rotation of Garniermoduls,

4 a view accordingly 3 with a handle pressed against a cup.

A Garniermaschine suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention 10 (S. 1 ) comprises four in the longitudinal direction of a rotation axis A successively rotatable about this axis arranged Garniermodule 12 each with identical structure. The number of Garniermodule 12 this can vary depending on the required production capacity of the Garniermaschine 10 be chosen larger or smaller. Each Garnier module comprises four Garniermodularme offset by 90 ° to each other 14 of which in 1 For the sake of clarity, only the two Garniermodularme arranged in the plane of the drawing 14 are drawn. Each Garniermodularm 14 is each with a pneumatic cylinder 16 and a vacuum-loaded Garnierkopf 18 Mistake. For the sake of clarity, in 1 only at the very left and right Garniermodul the Garnierkopf 18 as well as the pneumatic cylinder 16 provided with reference numerals.

The Garniermaschine receives from a cleaning tape 20 cup body 22 fed, which are prefabricated in a separate production step of a ceramic mass (eg in the so-called roller method). From the plaster band 22 each becomes a cup body 22 over the garnishing head which has been charged with vacuum 18 taken when the corresponding Garniermodularm 14 yourself in the in 1 lower position, as is known per se (eg from the DE 199 13 463 A1 ). For this purpose, Garniermodularm 14 in his in 1 Lower position in the longitudinal direction extendable, so that the Garnierkopf 18 in a cup body 22 einfährt, then applied with vacuum while the cup body 22 sucks, after which Garniermodularm 14 with the cup body 22 is returned to its original length. Thereafter, Garniermodularm 14 rotated about the axis A by 90 ° so that it is in a horizontal position in which the actual Garniervorgang takes place.

2 shows the Garnierkopf 18 in detail in a cross-sectional view with sucked cup body 22 , The Garnierkopf 18 is on a round base plate 24 built on which a truncated cone 26 made of rubber in 2 is screwed centrally from above. This is a screw 28 in the base plate 24 is screwed and the longitudinal bore 30 having. Inserted into the hole is a hollow shaft 32 to which a vacuum cleaner, not shown, is mounted.

To seal a cup body 22 To obtain the required diameter is a conical ring 34 on the truncated cone 26 deferred, so when tightening the screw 28 the resulting pressure on the truncated cone 26 made of rubber causes the conical ring 34 also against the base plate 24 is pressed. The outer surface 36 of the conical ring 34 is chosen so that it is exactly on the inner surface 38 of the cup body 22 is applied. The cup body interior 40 is thus at recorded cup body 22 hermetically sealed, so by applying the hollow shaft 32 with vacuum the cup body 22 at the Garnierkopf 18 is sucked. This arrangement ensures that the part is centered recorded and held. By conical rings 34 with different heights, the diameter can be adapted to the workpiece.

Out 3 and 4 results in the operation of a single Garniermoduls 12 from the inclusion of a cup body 22 from the plaster band through the downwards Garniermodularm 14 about a first 90 ° turn in a clockwise direction in the 3 to the left horizontal position in which the handle 42 is annealed.

After garnishing, the Garniermodul rotates 12 once more by 90 ° clockwise, so the Garniermodul 12 in 3 and 4 is vertical. The module rotates in a fourth cycle 12 another 90 ° so that Garniermodul in a fourth position, in 3 and 4 pointing horizontally to the right. In this position it is provided that the pneumatic cylinder extends again, the vacuum is released and the cup 22 removed from a transfer device, not shown, and set for example in the dryer. Thereafter, the Garniermodul moves in the next cycle back to the downward-facing starting position in which a cup body is taken up again by the plaster band.

The actual Garniervorgang takes place in the second position Garniermodularms 14 instead, in which Garniermodularm 14 horizontally to the left in 3 and 4 is directed. The cup body 22 will be in this position through the Garnierkopf 18 horizontally above the Henkelgarniervorrichtung 44 held, which has a vertically displaceable lifting unit and a handle attached thereto 46 includes. The handle recording 46 is designed in two parts, so after inserting a handle 42 in the handle recording 46 This can be closed like a scissor-like mechanism.

As soon as the Garniermodularm 14 is in the second position is first of the Henkelgarniervorrichtung 44 from a padded with Garnierflüssigkeit swab from below to the cup body 22 moved and thus on this to the touch with the handle 42 Garnierflüssigkeit applied areas near the surface of the ceramic mass of the cup body 22 to dissolve in these places. The Garnierflüssigkeit used here can either pure water or a more or less highly diluted Garnierschlicker, ie a suspension of the porcelain mass in water, or a solution of a liquefying agent (eg., Formsil D, Henkel, Gießfix 162/10, Zschimmer & Black, Vanisperse A, Lignotech). The latter is likely to come into question, especially when relatively massive porcelain bodies are put together.

By applying the liquid, the near-surface areas of the cup body become 22 transferred at the intended places for contact by gradual dissolving already dried porcelain mass in a pasty state, ie from shard material and the Garnierflüssigkeit gradually creates a pasty intermediate layer, which acts like a Garnierschlicker.

After the application of the liquid, the actual Garniervorgang begins. This is the handle recording 46 with inserted handle 42 through the Garniervorrichtung 44 moved up so that the handle 42 against the cup body 22 is pressed. The loosened pasty porcelain mass of the cup body 22 connects now with the porcelain mass of the handle 42 and makes a connection.

The upward movement of the handle holder 46 is accompanied by a swinging movement of the handle receptacle in a plane perpendicular to the upward movement, which is generated by means arranged in the Garniervorrichtung compressed air-powered generators. The vibration frequency of this vibration is in the range of 20 to 40 Hz and the amplitude of this vibration is in the range of 0.15 to 0.50 mm.

The mechanical vibrations create frictional forces between the surfaces of Henkel 42 and cup body 22 at the contact points, which bring about a more efficient mixing of the Garnierflüssigkeit with already dissolved porcelain mass, as well as concomitantly an even more efficient dissolution of dry porcelain mass from the shard material of cup body and handle effect. This results in a homogeneous, highly viscous intermediate layer, which is sufficiently pasty to produce cohesive forces acting between the cup body and Henkel, the connection between Henkel 42 and cup body 22 maintained for the following process steps.

Preferably Henkel and cup body by conventionally known in this process Process prefabricated, for example, the cup body in Roller method produced and the handle in the casting process be prepared. Both parts should have dried up so far that thixotropic effects, i. a softening of edge zones of cup bodies and / or Handle through partial destruction the structure under the influence of shear forces, no longer play a role. For example, the residual moisture content can be 18%.

Claims (10)

Process for garnishing a prefabricated part ( 42 ) of ceramic mass, in particular a handle, to a body ( 22 ) of ceramic mass, in particular a cup, comprising the steps of: a) providing the body ( 22 ) of ceramic mass, b) providing the prefabricated part ( 42 ) of ceramic mass, c) at least partial dissolution of near-surface zones of the ceramic mass of the body ( 22 ) and / or the prefabricated part ( 42 ) at points intended for contact with each other by application of liquid, d) assembly of the bodies of bodies ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ), whereby by a relative movement of body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) with a relative movement component in at least one other direction than the mutually directed movement of body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) the already dissolved ceramic material is mixed with further not yet dissolved ceramic material to form a pasty layer. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the elements, bodies ( 22 ) or prefabricated part ( 42 ), in step c) is not brought into contact with liquid and only in step d) as a result of the relative movement of body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) by frictional forces and the on the other element, prefabricated part ( 42 ) or body ( 221 , applied liquid dissolving the joining surface of the one element, body ( 22 ) or prefabricated part ( 42 ), he follows. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized that the liquid at the most 650 g / l, especially at most 642 g / l Garnierschlickermaterial, contains. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized that the liquid contains essentially no slip materials. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step d) body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) are vibrated relative to each other. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the vibration of body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) takes place substantially in a plane perpendicular to the relative movement component directed towards each other. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized the frequency of the oscillation is less than 50 Hz, preferably less than 40 Hz and ideally between 20 and 40 Hz. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized the amplitude of the oscillation is less than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm and ideally between 0.15 and 0.5 mm lies. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the prefabricated part ( 42 ) Performs vibrations while keeping it against the body ( 22 ) is pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that body ( 22 ) and prefabricated part ( 42 ) before step b) are dried to a leather-hard condition with a water content of less than 20% by weight, preferably about 18% by weight.