DE10327178B3 - Plant for producing metal and slag melts and synthesis gas from waste has gasification unit with tapping outlet at its base, unit being connected to gas quenching and cooling unit containing hydrocyclone and foam- and oil separator - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for producing metal and slag melts and synthesis gas from waste comprising water, and organic and inorganic components has a gasification unit (18) with a tapping outlet (22) at its base. The unit is connected to a gas quenching and cooling unit containing a hydrocyclone (4) and a foam- and oil separator (5). Plant for producing metal and slag melts and synthesis gas from waste comprising water, and organic and inorganic components has a gasification unit (18) with waste inlet (19) and a slag- and metal-tapping outlet (22). Injectors (20) for gasification agent are positioned around a high temperature zone and a reducing/cracking zone. A crude gas suction pipe (21) connects with a quenching nozzle (1) with gas inlets (2) and a pipe (3) which connects it to the center (4) of a hydrocyclone. A foam- and oil-separator is mounted on the hydrocyclone and is fitted with a collector (6) connected to a storage tank (17). Water and material which sinks are removed via a suction pipe (7) mounted on the conical base (8) of the hydrocyclone. A star-shaped fitting (13) above the pipe inhibits the formation of foam.

Description

The The invention relates to a plant for the production of metal and slag melts as well as synthesis gas through a material and energetic utilization of wastes composed of water, organic and inorganic components.

Out WO 01/62873 A1 already discloses a shaft melt carburettor in the prior art and a method for the thermal treatment and utilization of Waste of different nature, consistency and composition, such as contaminated waste wood, used tires, industrial / commercial waste, Domestic and bulky waste, known in which the waste and aggregates after firing in the shaft melt carburetor be introduced directly into the high temperature zone H. This high temperature zone H forms in the interior of the oven in the area of the plane above of the pour-free Room with integrated suction devices through the upper, oxygen-operated, injectors is defined. Here they react contained in the waste organic components with the introduced into the high temperature zone H oxygen. The mineral and metallic components of the waste drop or flow into the Herd range from, at the same time by the thermochemical conversion reactions resulting reaction products as part 1 of the raw gas with the sinking, not completely burned organic components of the waste by Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen be conducted in direct current in the direction of the stove and thereby one subject to pyrolytic decomposition. The during the weaning in the Reduction / cracking zone Z forming pyrolysis coke is oxygenated to further gaseous Reaction products burned as part 2 of the raw gas. The reduction / cracking zone Z in the interior of the oven represents an area of the bulkless space with the integrated suction devices down to the lower injector level enough. The metal and the slag collect in the stove.

The entire gas formed in the furnace, consisting of the parts 1 and 2, is referred to as raw gas and simultaneously sucked in countercurrent, cocurrent and transverse to the flow directions of the furnace gases laterally between the high temperature zone H and the reduction / cracking zone Z. The crude gas consists of the gaseous reaction products CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and depending on the analysis of the waste materials used from trace components such as CS ₂ , COS, SO ₂ , NO _x , H ₂ S and HCl.

For the as open, pressureless system constructed shaft melt carburetor is characteristic that on a bottom plate a stove forming chess part with Tapping devices for slag and iron and then immediately afterwards several differently shaped cylindrical furnace shaft parts are placed, with the conical shaft shaft part in the shaft-expanding Ofenschachtteil protrudes and so a flow-free space with herein lying Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen forms. Above the stove and above the pour-free Each room is a plurality of circumferentially distributed injectors for common feeder arranged by oxygen and air. In the area of the river-free Space is still even around the room Scope distributed to the outside leading Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen arranged, for example, as quenches, as steam boilers, as hot filter or as a spray absorber can be trained.

Due to its CO and H ₂ content, this raw gas has a high calorific value and is referred to as fuel gas after it leaves the crude gas suction devices. The shaft melting carburetor is followed by a gas purification, which processes the fuel gas for recovery, for example, in a combined heat and power plant (CHP). The treated fuel gas is referred to in the prior art as synthesis gas and can be supplied, for example, for energy use a gas engine.

The Disadvantages of the shaft melt carburettor shown in WO 01/62873 A1 exist in that over the opening an uncontrolled supply of false air takes place and through the successive increase the temperature to the top of the bed over the duration of the time-dependent gasification and melting the ignition of the not reliably prevented in this area pyrolysis gases can be. Furthermore burn after reaching the ignition temperature the organic components of the waste already directly below the opening.

Due to the consistency and nature of the feed materials and the number and arrangement of the exhaust gas for the raw gas can form local flow channels in the bed during the gasification and melting process, the cold cold air from the top down and / or the rise of CO- and H ₂ -rich furnace gases from bottom to top, whereby the calorific value of the withdrawn raw gas is lowered.

Furthermore, by DE 201 20 189 U1 a DC-shaft reactor for melting and gasifying feed known from a vertical shaft for drying, heating and gasification of the feedstock, which with a feed opening for feeding the Einsatzmateri is completed as and with a downstream lock assembly, from a subsequent to the shaft body receiving body for receiving molten feed, from a connected to the shaft body and / or with the receiving body gas discharge device for discharging gases resulting from a connected to the shaft body gas Feed means for supplying gas for drying the feedstock into the shaft body. The gas supply for gas heating is connected via a heat exchanger or directly by means of a heater to the gas discharge device. This DC-shaft reactor should enable the processing of a larger range of feed materials and can produce especially when using different feedstocks in particular combustible Nutzgase with a lower particle, oil, tar and pollutant load.

The disadvantage, however, that the formation of pyrolysis oils or tar components is not reliably prevented by this system arrangement with simultaneous reuse of the sensible heat of the furnace gas for preheating air or oxygen-enriched air by reaching or falling below the dew point of the gaseous organics contained in the furnace gas. These components are deposited uncontrollably in the piping and apparatus of the subsequent gas cleaning system and can then either lead to impairment or to the termination of the process engineering process. In DE 100 51 648 A1 is also a working under atmospheric pressure shaft melt carburetor for the thermal treatment and utilization of waste materials, are introduced in the waste of different types, consistency and composition after firing directly into the high temperature zone of the shaft melt carburetor. Here, the organic components contained in the waste materials react with the oxygen. The reaction products are sucked into the oven with the remaining waste in cocurrent. The incompletely burned organic components of the waste materials undergo pyrolytic decomposition. It forms pyrolysis coke, which is burned in the reducing / cracking zone with oxygen. The raw gas is drawn off between the high-temperature zone and the reduction / cracking zone. The shaft-melt carburetor is characterized in that on a base plate forming a stove shaft part with tapping and directly thereafter several differently shaped cylindrical shaft parts are arranged, wherein the conical shaft part protrudes into the shaft-expanding shaft part and so forms a flow-free space with suction , In the shaft section above the bulk-free space and above the hearth, but below the bulk-free space, a plurality of circumferentially distributed injectors are arranged, which in the supply of combustion agents (air, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air), the high-temperature zone or the reduction / cracking zone form in the shaft melt carburetor. The suction devices connected to the bulk-free space are designed in preferred embodiments as quench, steam boiler, spray absorber or hot filter.

adversely is that in the formation of the suction devices as a steam boiler the raw gas is burned directly and thus a reuse of the synthesis gas in the gas engine or combined heat and power plant is not possible. The alternative training as a hot gas filter is technical-technological consuming and does not prevent the subsequent condensation of pyrolysis oils and / or tar components. In the formation of the suction as quenches or spray absorbers is the direct reuse of the sensible heat of the raw gas for the process by a gas-gas heat exchange not possible and it will subsequently be density-dependent on the water surface of the quench water floating oily, dusty layers or foams formed, which require a significant overhead in the overall system.

In summary applies that on the one hand to the safe prevention of time and temperature-dependent Reactions of the over the Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen withdrawn raw gas components with each other to gaseous Pollutants outside the Shaft melt carburetor shock cooling of the raw gas, for example by quenching, is necessary.

on the other hand but this causes at the same time a disadvantageous lowering of the raw gas temperature up towards the condensation of gaseous Constituents of the raw gas.

This procedurally, however, necessary process is temperature dependent and is then also referred to as fractional distillation. He effects the excretion of hydrocarbons and / or aerosols in the the Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen downstream equipment technology, their manifestations diverse are.

Depending on the temperature level of the quench cooling, owing to the oil-like layers which are liquid compared with water, dust-like layers or foams also floating on the surface of the water are formed. In any case, this is the Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen downstream gas cleaning, which is required for the production of synthesis gas from the raw gas, procedurally difficult to control.

The Problem of the invention is therefore a system for the production of metal and slag melts and synthesis gas through a Material and energy recovery from water, organic and propose compound components to inorganic components, the one Heizwertesenkung the withdrawn raw gas by an uncontrolled Supply of false air over the Begichtungsöffnung prevented in the gasification reactor as well as the entry of condensed Hydrocarbons and aerosols in the form of, for example, liquid, oil-like and dusty layers or foaming excludes in a downstream gas cleaning.

The solution of the existing problem exists in a facility with the features of claim 1

The inventive plant has the advantages that no reduction in the calorific value of the withdrawn Raw gas occurs and thus improved efficiency the gasification unit is given and the liquid, oil-like and dusty layers or foams through the novel quench cooler system fractionated separated and discharged, whereby the now Gas called pre-cleaned gas enters the gas purification.

The Plant for the production of metal and slag melts and of Synthesis gas through a material and energetic utilization of waste is based on the example of a material mixture of 1.06 t / h household waste, 0.27 t / h shredder, 0.13 t / h coke and 0.05 t / h limestone are described in more detail.

The accompanying drawing shows a shaft melt carburetor 18 with a material entry lock 19 , a slag and / or liquid metal tapping 22 and the injectors arranged in two levels 20 for supplying gasification agents as well as between the injector levels 20 arranged Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen 21 , The material entrance lock 19 consists of a collection container, which at the end to the discharge opening 23 and at the end to the furnace shaft 24 each having a movably arranged slider. It can also be seen that the Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen 21 of the shaft melt carburetor 18 by not shown pipes with a heat exchanger unit, also not shown, and then with a quench cooler system by. a quench nozzle 1 with a gas inlet nozzle 2 and a pipeline 3 to the cylindrical middle part 4 of the hydrocyclone, a foam and oil separator 5 on the cylindrical middle part 4 of the hydrocyclone with an out of the hydrocyclone collecting container 6 connected with a stirrer.

The quench cooler system further consists of the with a water connection and a connected through a pipe collecting vessel 17 , a separation of water and sediment 7 on the conical lower part 8th of the hydrocyclone with one in the return line 9 not shown pump to Quenchdüse 1 and one of them branching out discharge line 10 to a collecting vessel, also not shown, a second in the cylindrical middle part 4 of the hydrocyclone inside and in the area of the conical bottom 8th of the hydrocyclone protruding calming cylinder 11 with a foam deflector 12 and one in the conical lower part 8th of the hydrocyclone above the separation of water and sediment 7 arranged star-shaped built-in part 13 to avoid a vortex formation.

The shaft fusion carburetor 18 is filled with coke up to approx. 500 mm above the upper injector level before the start of the process 20 filled, burned and optionally with the addition of oxygen through the injectors 20 blown and heated to white heat. Thereafter, the material input lock 19 fed quasi-continuously 1.33 t / h of the material mixture in which the to the orifice 23 arranged slide is first opened, the sump is filled with the material mixture and the slide is closed again.

By opening the oven shaft 24 arranged slide the material mixture enters the shaft of the shaft-melt carburetor 18 , As a gasification agent come through the injectors 20 441 Nm ³ / h oxygen and 446 Nm ³ / h air are used.

0.066 t / h molten iron, 0.203 t / h slag and 2371 Nm ³ / h crude gas are produced. This raw gas is then used to treat the evenly distributed around the circumference, between the levels of the injectors 20 arranged Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen 21 withdrawn, passed through a thermal oil heat exchanger and at about 600 ° C in the first stage of a three-stage quench cooler system via the gas inlet nozzle 2 introduced and with the quench water of the quench 1 mixed. The gas-water mixture passes over the pipeline 3 in the cylindrical middle part 4 of the hydrocyclone. The tangential flow creates strong centrifugal forces that cause a rotational movement of the mixture. The water, the dust bound in the water as well as parts of condensed Hydrocarbons flow as a suspension in spiral tracks along the inner wall of the conical bottom 8th of the hydrocyclone for separating water and sediment 7 while the gas to the cylindrical or cuboid-shaped gas collecting space 14 with a gas discharge line 15 and an installation room 16 flows for a heat exchanger.

The majority of the hydrocarbons and the dust particles with a lower density than water is also deflected upwards and to the cylindrical center part 4 the hydrocyclone arranged foam and Öhabscheider 5 with a collecting container located outside the hydrocyclone 6 with a stirrer and thus connected to a pipe collecting vessel 17 transported.

Through the conical lower part 8th of the hydrocyclone above the separation of water and sediment 7 arranged star-shaped built-in part 13 becomes a vortex formation in the area of water and sediment deposition 7 prevented. Here is a quiet zone, from which the parts of dusts and condensed carbon-water substances, which are transported as a suspension down through the second in the cylindrical center part 4 of the hydrocyclone inside and in the area of the conical bottom 8th of the hydrocyclone protruding calming cylinder 11 with foam deflector 12 float up and down the level of the foam deflector 12 collect. These fractions are caused by the rotational movement of the water in the cylindrical center section 4 of the hydrocyclone in the foam and oil separator 5 guided. In the case of foaming, the drainage surface of the foam and oil separator initially acts 5 defoaming. With a strong foam in the sump 6 can be mechanically destroyed by the commissioning of the agitator of the foam. Foaming is monitored by ultrasonic sensors. The water-dust mixture from the separation of water and sediment 7 on the conical lower part 8th the hydrocyclone is by a pump, not shown, and a heat exchanger, also not shown, through the return line 9 to the quench nozzle 1 guided or parts are derived from a branching out of it 10 transported to a collecting vessel, not shown.

The sum of 192 l / h condensate and dust are removed from the raw gas introduced. The gas is cooled from 600 ° C to 55 ° C and passes from the gas collection room 14 through the gas discharge line 15 to the second stage of the quench cooler system. Here, 2129 Nm3 / h of gas are introduced at 55 ° C according to the same process principle, 154 l / h of condensate and dust discharged and the gas cooled to 37 ° C. In the third stage 1937 Nm ³ / h crude gas are cooled at 37 ° C to 8 ° C and discharged 73 l / h of condensate and dust.

This now referred to as fuel gas gas is reheated to 40 ° C and thus pre-cleaned enters the quench cooler system Downstream gas treatment and gas purification without condensing out here and the other aggregates by condensation phenomena of hydrocarbons procedurally negative influence.

1

quench nozzle

2

Gas inlet nozzle

3

pipeline

4

midsection of the hydrocyclone, cylindrical

5

Foam- and oil separator

6

Collection container with agitator

7

Water- and sedimentation

8th

lower part of the hydrocyclone, conical

9

Return line

10

Ausschleusleitung

11

calming cylinder

12

Schaumabweiser

13

Star-shaped built-in part to prevent a whirlpool making

14

Gas collection space, Cylindrical. or cuboid

15

Gas vent line

16

installation space

17

collection vessel

18

gasification unit

19

Material inlet lock

20

injectors for gasification agents

21

Rohgasabsaugeinrichtung

22

Liquid metal tapping

23

Begichtungsöffnung

24

furnace shaft

Claims (1)

Plant for the production of metal and slag melts and syngas by a material and energetic utilization of wastes composed of water, organic and inorganic components, consisting of a gasification unit constructed as an open, pressureless system ( 18 ) in the form of a shaft melt gasifier with material inlet lock ( 19 ), with a slag and / or liquid metal tapping device ( 22 ), with injectors (in several levels in the region of the high-temperature zone and the reduction / cracking zone, each distributed around the circumference) (US Pat. 20 ) for the supply of gasification agents and between the injector ( 20 ) arranged as Quenche, steam boilers, spray absorbers or hot gas filter Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen ( 21 ) and with the gasification unit ( 18 ) downstream with heat provided gas exchange unit, characterized in that the Rohgasabsaugeinrichtungen ( 21 ) through pipelines with a heat exchanger unit and subsequently with one or more quench cooler systems connected in series, which consist of - the quench nozzle provided with a water connection ( 1 ) with gas inlet nozzle ( 2 ) and a pipeline ( 3 ) to the cylindrical middle part ( 4 ) of the hydrocyclone, - a foam and oil separator ( 5 ) on the cylindrical middle part ( 4 ) of the hydrocyclone with an out of the hydrocyclone collecting container ( 6 ), with an agitator and a collecting vessel connected by a pipeline ( 17 ), - a separation of water and sediment ( 7 ) on the conical lower part ( 8th ) of the hydrocyclone with a connected via a pump return line ( 9 ) to the quench nozzle ( 1 ) and one of them branching discharge line ( 10 ) to a collecting vessel, - a second, in the cylindrical middle part ( 4 ) of the hydrocyclone inside and in the region of the conical lower part ( 8th ) of the hydrocyclone protruding reassurance cylinder ( 11 ) with a foam deflector ( 12 ), - one in the conical lower part ( 8th ) of the hydrocyclone above the water and sediment deposition ( 7 ) arranged star-shaped built-in part ( 13 ) for preventing a vortex formation - a cylindrical, cuboid, frusto-conical or truncated pyramid shaped gas collecting space ( 14 ) with gas discharge line ( 15 ) and - an installation room ( 16 ) exist for the integration of a heat exchanger system, and are connected to the gas cleaning.