DE10322249A1 - Bush made from a bearing film and method for producing a bush made from a bearing film and use of such a bush - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bushing (6) which is made from a bearing film (1) and is equipped with at least one collar (7, 8). DOLLAR A Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a bushing, in which the following method steps are provided: DOLLAR A - provision of a blank (15) in the form of a plate made of bearing foil (1) which has a length which is essentially the circumferential length of the finished one Bushing (6) corresponds; DOLLAR A - rolling up the blank (15) into a cylindrical bush, DOLLAR A - introducing at least one collar (7, 8) by bending an annular strip at one edge of the bush. DOLLAR A Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a socket. DOLLAR A Storage is to be provided with which the disadvantages known from the prior art are overcome and with which, in particular, a fixation is made possible. DOLLAR A The first subtask is solved by a bushing (6), which is characterized in that the at least one collar (7, 8) is an inwardly facing collar (7, 8), and the second subtask by a method that characterized in that DOLLAR A of the annular edge strip of the bushing (6) is bent inwards.

Description

The The invention relates to a socket, which is made from a bearing film and is equipped with a waistband.

• – Vorsehen eines platinenförmigen Rohlings aus Lagerfolie, der eine Länge hat, welche im wesentlichen der Umfangslänge der fertigen Buchse entspricht;
• – Aufrollen des Rohlings zu einer zylinderförmigen Buchse,
• – Einbringen mindestens eines Bundes durch Umknicken eines ringförmigen Streifens an einem Rand der Buchse,

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a bushing made from bearing foil, namely a method in which the following method steps are provided:

• Provision of a blank in the form of a plate made of bearing foil and having a length which corresponds essentially to the circumferential length of the finished bushing;
• Rolling up the blank into a cylindrical bush,
• Introducing at least one collar by bending an annular strip at one edge of the socket,

Of the invention further relates to the use of such Rifle.

In the context of the present invention, bearing foil is understood to mean a band-shaped bearing material which can be deformed by hand and which is composed of an expanded metal or a preferably metallic fabric as a supporting or supporting body and a sliding layer applied to this supporting or supporting body. The sliding layer preferably contains plastics, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In particular, bearing films are to be understood as bearing materials as described in the German published documents DE 101 47 292 A1 and DE 101 47 303 A1 are described. As can be seen from the present invention itself, bearing films with a similar deformability can also be used, since within the scope of the present invention the deformability of the bearing films in question is the technical feature that stands in the foreground.

1 shows an example of an embodiment of a bearing film. This in 1 schematically shown in cross section and overall with 1 designated storage material has a first thread system 3 and a second thread system running perpendicular to it 2 on, with the thread systems 2 and 3 are made of metal wires and together form the support fabric ie the support body. On its top is this support fabric with a sliding layer 4 provided, this sliding layer 4 , which preferably contains predominantly polytetrafluoroethylene, covers the supporting fabric on its surface on one side and projects beyond it. The opposite, ie opposite, underside is partially with a sliding layer made of identical material 5 provided, in contrast to the sliding layer 4 does not cover the surface of the support fabric on the bottom, so parts of the thread systems 3a . 2a and 3b the outer bottom of the bearing material 1 form.

Out Bushings made from bearing foil are state of the art especially for Vehicle door hinges used and between the hinge hole and hinge pin positioned. In this way, good and easy mobility ensures the mandrel in the hole.

A suitable storage with good sliding properties is one Many applications required, especially for waves.

The Wave is one of the most common used machine elements and is also used in vehicle construction and in a special design in engine construction, namely in Form of crankshaft and camshaft. Basically, waves have to be movable i.e. revolving components are stored in any way, wherein this bearing supports the shaft on the one hand, but you support it on the other possibility of movement leaves, that she needs to perform their function.

To the prior art, camshafts are directly in bearing calipers and Bearing caps received and stored in the cast cylinder head i.e. in its lower and upper half of the housing as part of a post-processing have been incorporated. On the arrangement of bearings, roller bearings or Plain bearings are generally not used when storing camshafts. The camshaft is supported in plain bearing bushes or roller bearings also basically not possible, because camshafts are shafts that push on annular, not allow closed camps on their circumference over their free end. This is prevented by the cams arranged on the shaft, their dimensions larger than the diameter of the necessary bearings are. Theoretically, camshafts could be in Half shells are stored, but this is considered too expensive becomes. Exceptions to this are built camshafts that use bearings Plain bearing bushes or roller bearings enable, but for series production is too cost-intensive.

On the other hand, crankshafts are supported in two bearing half-shells which, when the crankshaft is installed in the crankcase, are arranged in receptacles provided for this purpose in the upper and lower half of the crankcase. The use of plain bearing bushes is not possible because the crankshaft is a cranked shaft and the bushings, which are closed over their circumference, cannot be pushed over the free ends of the crankshaft and positioned on the shaft sections provided for this purpose. The problems are similar to those for the camshafts above has been described.

How with the camshaft, it can also be useful with the crankshaft Storage, especially from a cost perspective, only by means of Bearing cups are made. Alternatively, these waves could also stored in a hand-deformable bushing made of storage film. this leads to but to another problem. As the suppliers keep getting more effort are entire assemblies that are already pre-assembled, for the Providing final assembly is also with regard to the shafts endeavors to provide pre-assembled shafts, i.e. Waves, that are already provided with bearings. For waves, their storage sensibly about Bearing shells or bearings made of bearing foil are made as above for the camshaft and crankshaft described, the problem arises to fix loose half-shells or bearings to the respective shafts.

In front Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to provide a storage with which according to the prior art known disadvantages overcome be and with the fixation of the bearings is made possible in particular.

A Another part of the object of the present invention is a method to provide such storage.

A Another part of the invention is to find uses to show such storage.

Is solved the first subtask through a bushing, which consists of a bearing foil is manufactured and equipped with at least one collar, and the is characterized in that the at least one fret one after inside waistband.

through of the at least one inwardly facing collar, the socket according to the invention easy on one on the shaft for the intended shaft shoulder is fixed.

In order to the first sub-task on which the invention is based is solved. It exists the possibility, to provide pre-assembled shafts, i.e. Waves that already are provided with bearings.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket, in which the socket on each end with a collar Is provided. In this way the socket is in both directions secured against axial displacement.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket, in which the bearing film contains a support fabric, which is covered at least on one side with a sliding layer. So that is ensures that at least one side of the socket is a fully closed one Has sliding layer. This is then mounted towards the shaft while the Page that is not complete is covered with sliding material, for example in the bearing saddle or bearing cover is provided.

Advantageous are embodiments the bushing where the sliding layer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) contains. Such a sliding layer is wear-resistant and has a long service life and can be reworked if necessary. It also has the necessary deformability.

Advantageous are embodiments of Bushing where the sliding layer next to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) still contains at least one high temperature resistant polymer.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket where the socket has an open joint. a open thrust necessarily needed the socket for assembly on cranked or other about their free ends not accessible Waves. But preferably the impact should not be closed after assembly, as this makes disassembly more difficult and is not necessary from a technical point of view.

Advantageous are embodiments the jack where the shock with forms an acute angle θ at the ends of the bushing, the acute angle θ preferably larger than 50 ° and is less than 80 °. As a push denotes the junction of the two short sides of the board, that when rolling up the blank into a cylindrical bush towards each other come to rest. Because the socket is made of easily deformable bearing foil is manufactured, it cannot be press-fit in the warehouse be fixed. For this reason, the bushing in the bearing bore hiking, which is why it can not be ruled out that the shock also in areas high bearing load comes to rest. By an oblique version of the shock i.e. an arrangement of the shock in such a way that it does not run parallel to the socket axis, but rather forms an acute angle θ with the end faces of the bush the push over the Circumference of the bushing distributed in the circumferential direction. That way ensured that - if at all - at least only a section comes to rest in areas with high bearing loads.

Embodiments of the socket are advantageous in which the at least one collar has an annular, closed collar surface. If the collar is required or used for axial storage, for example in the form of a thrust washer, this is the advantageous embodiment the bushing, as this ensures optimal axial support. However, this requires a blank which is cut in a very specific way, as will be explained further below in connection with the description of the figures.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket in which the at least one collar partially overlaps Has sections of stock material. This jack does not require one blank cut in a very specific way, like the one before described embodiment, which is why from a cost point of view this socket variant is preferable if there is no axial bearing over this at least one Covenant is required.

• – Vorsehen eines platinenförmigen Rohlings aus Lagerfolie, der eine Länge hat, welche im wesentlichen der Umfangslänge der fertigen Buchse entspricht;
• – Aufrollen des Rohlings zu einer zylinderförmigen Buchse;
• – Einbringen mindestens eines Bundes durch Umknicken eines ringförmigen Streifens an einem Rand der Buchse; und das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
• – der ringförmige Randstreifen der Buchse nach innen geknickt wird.

The second subtask, namely to provide a method for producing such a bearing, is solved by a method in which the following method steps are provided:

• Provision of a blank in the form of a plate made of bearing foil and having a length which corresponds essentially to the circumferential length of the finished bushing;
• - Rolling up the blank into a cylindrical bush;
• - Introducing at least one collar by folding an annular strip on one edge of the socket; and that is characterized in that
• - The ring-shaped edge strip of the socket is folded inwards.

Advantageous are embodiments of the method in which a blank blank is provided which has a width which is essentially the width of the manufacture bushing along with the width of at least one fret equivalent. In this way, the one molded into a bush needs PCB can no longer be reworked. There is already one finished socket before that the desired Dimensions.

Advantageous are embodiments of the method in which the blank blank from a strip-shaped storage film tape is cut to length. This variant leaves automated production in large quantities, with the cutting to length PCB can be integrated into the manufacturing process and that Starting material is stored on rolls.

Advantageous are embodiments of the method in which a strip-shaped stock foil tape is used which has a width which is essentially the width the finished socket together with the width of the at least one Federal equivalent. A processing of the width of the board is thus neither necessary before rolling up nor before cutting to length.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which a blank blank with an in essentially parallelogram-shaped Basic form is provided. This allows the Circuit board to a socket an oblique Realize shock, as it is preferred.

Advantageous are embodiments of the process in which the blank in the form of a plate at the ends the long side, on which a collar is provided, parts of the bearing film are removed. hereby can be made bushings in which the collar over a annular closed waistband features. The advantages of these sockets have already been explained in more detail above.

Advantageous are embodiments of the method, which is characterized in that the platinum-like Blank on the long side a collar is provided, recesses are provided in the bearing film become. This also serves to manufacture bushings in which the covenant over an annular, closed waistband features.

Advantageous are embodiments of the method in which the recesses in the bearing film are V-shaped are.

The Removal of storage material on the long sides of the board is used in principle the purpose of superfluous material, which is not necessary when manufacturing the federal government and even can be a hindrance to remove.

Advantageous are embodiments the procedure in which the manufacture of at least one federal done together with the assembly of the socket. The twisting of the federal government Fulfills then at the same time the function of fixing the socket. One already previously made, inward facing collar must be during assembly opened again in any case become.

Advantageous are uses of the bushing as a plain bearing.

Advantageous are uses where the bushing is used as a plain bearing for camshafts is used. Pre-assembled together with the socket according to the invention Camshafts i.e. camshafts equipped with bearings provided become.

Advantageous are uses where the bushing is used as a plain bearing for crankshafts is used. The advantages are those described for the camshaft.

It is also advantageous to use the the bushings are used as plain bearings for eccentric shafts of a variable valve train as so-called auxiliary camshafts.

To this particular use will be discussed later made.

A possibility to optimize the combustion process of a gasoline engine in the use of a variable valve train. In contrast to conventional valve trains where both the stroke of the valves as well as the tax times, i.e. the opening and closing times the inlet and outlet valves, due to the inflexible, because the mechanical mechanism of the valve train cannot be adjusted as unchangeable Sizes specified are, can this the combustion process and thus the fuel consumption influencing parameters by means of variable valve trains more or can be varied less. The ideal solution would be a fully variable valve control, the for any operating point of the gasoline engine specially coordinated Values for the Hub and the timing allows.

Noticeable fuel savings can but can also be achieved with only partially variable valve trains. On such a valve train is, for example, the VALVETRONIC valve train from BMW, as he was in the Motortechnische Zeitung, born in 2001, No. 6, page 18.

at this valve train can the closing time of the intake valve and the intake valve lift can be varied. This is a throttle-free and thus lossless load control possible.

The while The mixture mass flowing into the combustion chamber during the intake process is not as with conventional gasoline engines using one in the intake system arranged throttle valve controlled i.e. dimensioned, but over the Intake valve lift and the opening time of the intake valve.

For this becomes the valve train with an eccentric shaft as an auxiliary camshaft fitted. This eccentric shaft can be driven by a worm adjusted i.e. be rotated, this twisting the eccentric shaft a change in Valve lift of the intake valve causes.

The The eccentric shaft itself is in the cylinder head between the two overhead Camshafts mounted. This storage takes place according to the state of the art with roller bearings, the storage is designed as follows in detail. In the Cylinder heads become bearing saddles incorporated into the first metal shells, which a half of the outer rolling bearing ring form. Do it the metal shells usually over a nose that is received by a hole in the bearing saddle and with which the sheep is secured against twisting. Through this Prevention of rotation is prevented from the first and a second metal shell existing outer ring and one of the two bumps on which the dividing surfaces of the two metal shells facing each other, come to rest in a highly stressed area of the storage.

The Eccentric shaft that over has at least two thickened shaft shoulders for receiving the bearing on these wave heels with a ring band open on one side made of running in a cage and serving as rolling elements Needles and in the already assembled first metal shells arranged. A corresponding number of bearing caps is put together with second metal shells, which form the other half of the outer rolling bearing ring, opposite the bearing saddles arranged and screwed to them. The two metal shells form the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the eccentric shaft itself the inner ring of the rolling bearing, the needles serve as rolling elements and run between metal shells and eccentric shaft.

by virtue of the large number of components from which the rolling bearings are constructed a given bearing clearance is difficult to realize. First add takes the tolerances of the individual components and the other the number of joints between the components with an increasing Number of components too. The result is a camp game that is very strong varies, is difficult to control and therefore undesirable sounds when operating the valve train can.

by virtue of the auxiliary cam of the eccentric shaft cannot slide bushings can be used because the bearings on the free ends of the shaft inaccessible are. Bearing cups lack the necessary fixation. On the other hand can the socket made of stock film using its at least fixes an inward facing bundle of light on the shaft shoulder become.

In the following the invention is based on four embodiments according to the 2a . 2 B . 3 . 4 and 5 explained in more detail. Here shows:

1 schematically an embodiment of a bearing film,

2a schematically in a perspective view a first embodiment of the socket with a view of the side of the socket provided with a collar,

2 B schematically in a perspective view the in 2a shown socket on the side not provided with a collar Rifle,

3 schematically a second embodiment of the socket in the assembled state,

4 schematically a blank blank of a third embodiment of the socket, and

5 schematically a blank blank of a fourth embodiment of the socket.

The 1 has already been explained in detail in connection with the description of the prior art, in particular with the description of bearing foils.

The 2a and 2 B schematically show a first embodiment of the socket 6 , This jack 6 has on a first face 12 not over a covenant, but only over a covenant 7 that is on the second face 13 is arranged. 2a shows the socket 6 in a perspective view with a view of those with a covenant 7 provided end face 13 the socket 6 , 2 B shows the same socket 6 in a perspective view with a view of the front side 12 the socket 6 that does not have a covenant.

You can see the oblique impact 14 that with both ends 12 . 13 forms an acute angle θ. Through an oblique design of the joint 14 , ie an arrangement of the shock 14 in such a way that it does not run parallel to the socket axis, but with the end faces 12 . 13 the socket 6 forms an acute angle θ, the shock 14 about the circumference of the socket 6 distributed in the circumferential direction. In this way it is ensured that - if at all - at least only one section comes to rest in areas with high bearing loads.

3 shows schematically a second embodiment of the socket 6 in the assembled state. The socket 6 is on a shaft shoulder 11 a wave 9 assembled. It has two frets 7 . 8th which are directed inwards and with which they are on the shaft 9 is fixed. It is therefore against axial displacement in both directions of the shaft axis 10 secured.

4 shows schematically a blank blank 15 a third embodiment of the socket. The basic shape of the blank 15 is a parallelogram. This generates an oblique butt joint of the socket to be manufactured. The short sides of the blank 15 form with the long sides 16 ' . 16 '' - the future end faces of the socket - an acute angle θ, namely exactly the angle that the joint arranged on the circumference later forms with the end faces. At the ends of the long sides 16 ' . 16 '' are parts 17a . 17b . 17c . 17d of the stock material or blank 15 removed (drawn in dashed lines). This serves to produce a bushing, the collar of which has an annular, closed collar surface, or at least no overlap of bearing material in the collar region.

5 shows schematically a blank blank 15 a fourth embodiment of the socket, which is essentially the 4 equivalent. In addition there are V-shaped recesses 18a-d provided to create an annular, closed collar surface after folding the edge.

1

Bearing material, stockBanner

2

thread system

2a

part of the thread system

3

thread system

3a

part of the thread system

3b

part of the thread system

4

Overlay

5

Overlay

6

Rifle

7

first Federation

8th

second Federation

9

wave

10

shaft axis

11

shaft shoulder

12

first front

13

second front

14

shock

15

blank

16 '

long side

16 "

long side

17a

parts the bearing film

17b

parts the bearing film

17c

parts the bearing film

17d

parts the bearing film

18a

recess

18b

recess

18c

recess

18d

recess

θ

angle between shock and Front of the socket

Claims (23)

Rifle ( 6 ), which consists of a bearing foil ( 1 ) is manufactured and with at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ), characterized in that the at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ) an inward waistband ( 7 . 8th ) is. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the socket ( 6 ) on each face ( 12 . 13 ) with a bundle ( 7 . 8th ) Is provided. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing film ( 1 ) contains a support fabric, which has at least one side with a sliding layer ( 4 ) is covered. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the sliding layer ( 4 ) Contains polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the sliding layer ( 4 ) contains, in addition to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), at least one high-temperature-resistant polymer. Rifle ( 6 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the socket ( 6 ) about an open shock ( 14 ) has. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the impact ( 14 ) with the end faces ( 12 . 13 ) the socket ( 6 ) forms an acute angle θ. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the acute angle θ is greater than 50 ° and less than 80 °. Rifle ( 6 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ) has an annular, closed collar surface. Rifle ( 6 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ) partially overlapping sections of stock material ( 1 ) having. Method of making a socket ( 6 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the following method steps are provided: - provision of a blank in the form of a blank ( 15 ) from stock foil ( 1 ), which has a length which is essentially the circumferential length of the finished bushing ( 6 ) corresponds to; - rolling up the blank ( 15 ) to a cylindrical socket; - bringing in at least one covenant ( 7 . 8th ) by bending an annular strip at one edge of the socket; characterized in that - the ring-shaped edge strip of the socket is bent inwards. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that a blank blank ( 15 ) is provided which has a width which is essentially the width of the finished bushing ( 6 ) along with the width of the at least one fret ( 7 . 8th ) corresponds. A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the blank blank ( 15 ) is cut to length from a strip-shaped stock foil tape. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that a stripe-shaped Bearing foil tape is used, which has a width which essentially the width of the finished bushing along with the Width of at least one covenant corresponds. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that a blank blank ( 15 ) is provided with an essentially parallelogram-shaped basic shape. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that in the blank blank ( 15 ) at the ends of the long side ( 16 ' . 16 '' ) on which a collar is provided, parts ( 17a . 17b . 17c . 17d ) the bearing film ( 1 ) can be removed. Method according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that in the blank blank ( 15 ) on the long side ( 16 ' . 16 '' ) on which a collar is provided, recesses ( 18a . 18b . 18c . 18d ) in the bearing foil ( 1 ) can be provided. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the recesses ( 18a . 18b . 18c . 18d ) in the bearing foil ( 1 ) are V-shaped. Method according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the production of the at least one bundle ( 7 . 8th ) together with the assembly of the socket ( 6 ) he follows. Using a socket ( 6 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10 as a plain bearing. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the socket ( 6 ) is used as a plain bearing for camshafts. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the socket ( 6 ) is used as a plain bearing for crankshafts. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the socket ( 6 ) is used as a plain bearing for auxiliary camshafts of a variable valve train.