DE10322249B4 - Made of bearing foil bushing and method for producing a bushing made of bearing foil and use of such a socket - Google Patents

Abstract

Rifle (6), which consists of a bearing surface having a sliding surface (1) is manufactured and equipped with at least one collar (7, 8) is, characterized in that the at least one collar (7, 8) an inwardly directed collar (7, 8) is, and that the sliding surface on the Inside the socket is provided, wherein the socket (6) via a open shock (14) has and the shock (14) with the end faces (12, 13) of the bush (6) an acute angle (phi) forms and the collar (7, 8) via an annular closed Bund area has or partially overlapping Has sections of bearing foil (1).

Description

The The invention relates to a bush made of a bearing foil and is equipped with a bunch.

• • Vorsehen eines platinenförmigen Rohlings aus Lagerfolie, der eine Länge hat, welche im wesentlichen der Umfangslänge der fertigen Buchse entspricht;
• • Aufrollen des Rohlings zu einer zylinderförmigen Buchse,
• • Einbringen mindestens eines Bundes durch Umknicken eines ringförmigen Streifens an einem Rand der Buchse.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a socket made of bearing foil, namely a method in which the following method steps are provided:

• • providing a blank-shaped blank of bearing foil having a length substantially equal to the circumferential length of the finished sleeve;
• Rolling up the blank to a cylindrical bush,
• • introducing at least one collar by bending an annular strip at an edge of the socket.

Of Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such Rifle.

In the context of the present invention, bearing film is understood to be a manually deformable band-shaped bearing material which is constructed from an expanded metal or a preferably metallic fabric as support or support body and a sliding layer applied to this support or support body. The sliding layer preferably contains plastics, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In particular, bearing foils are to be understood as bearing materials, as described in German Offenlegungsschriften DE 101 47 292 A1 and DE 101 47 303 A1 are described. As is apparent from the present invention itself, but also bearing films can be used with a similar deformability, since in the present invention, the deformability of the bearing films in question is the technical feature that is in the foreground.

1 shows an example of an embodiment of a bearing film. This in 1 shown schematically in cross-section and in total with 1 designated bearing material has a first thread system 3 and a perpendicular thereto extending second thread system 2 on, with the thread systems 2 and 3 are constructed of metal wires and together form the supporting fabric ie the support body. On its upper side is this supporting fabric with a sliding layer 4 provided, this sliding layer 4 , which preferably contains predominantly polytetrafluoroethylene, one side covers the support fabric on its surface and protrudes beyond this. The opposite thereto, ie the opposite bottom is partially constructed with a sliding layer made of identical material 5 provided, in contrast to the sliding layer 4 not covered the surface of the supporting fabric on the bottom, leaving parts of the thread systems 3a . 2a and 3b the outer bottom of the bearing material 1 form.

Out Lagerfolie manufactured bushes are according to the prior art especially for Vehicle door hinges used and between hinge hole and hinge pin positioned. In this way, a good and easy mobility the spike in the hole guaranteed.

A However, suitable storage with good sliding properties is at one Variety of applications required, especially in waves.

The Wave is one of the most common used machine elements and is also used in vehicle construction and in a special embodiment in engine construction, namely in Shape of crankshaft and camshaft. Basically, waves must be considered moving i.e. circulating components are stored in any white, wherein this support supports the shaft on the one hand, but on the other hand it supports the shaft possibility of movement leaves, she needs to fulfill their function.

To In the prior art, camshafts are used directly in bearing saddles and Bearing caps are picked up and stored in the cast cylinder head i.e. in its lower and upper half of the case as part of a post-processing were incorporated. On the arrangement of bearings, bearings or Slide bearings, is basically omitted when storing camshafts. A bearing of the camshaft in plain bearing bushings or rolling bearings is also basically not possible, because camshafts are shafts that are pushing on annular, on their circumference do not allow closed camps over their free end. This is prevented by the arranged on the shaft cam, their dimensions greater than the diameter of the necessary bearings are. Theoretically, camshafts could be in Bearing half shells are stored, but considered too expensive becomes. Exceptions are also built camshafts, the storage by means of Plain bearing bushings or roller bearings enable, but for Series production is too expensive.

Crankshafts, on the other hand, are mounted in two half-shells, which are arranged in the crankshaft housing in the receptacle provided in the upper and lower half of the crankcase during assembly of the crankshaft. The use of plain bearing bushings is not possible because the crankshaft is a cranked shaft and the bushes closed over its circumference are not pushed over the free ends of the crankshaft and at the shaft sections provided for this purpose can be positioned. There is a similar problem, as already described above for the camshafts.

As in the camshaft can also be useful in the crankshaft Storage, especially from a cost point of view, only by means of Bearing shells done. Alternatively, these waves could as well be stored in a manually deformable bushing of bearing foil. this leads to but to another problem. As the suppliers more and more effort are their customers complete assemblies that are already pre-assembled, for the Final assembly, it is also in relation to the waves endeavoring to provide already preassembled shafts, i. Waves, which are already provided with bearings. For waves, their storage usefully over Bearing shells or bearings made of bearing foil, as above for camshaft and crankshaft, this results in the problem that loose bearing half shells or bearings to fix the respective waves.

In front In this context, it is the object of the present invention to provide a storage, with those of the prior art overcome known disadvantages be and with the particular fixing of the bearings is made possible.

A Another subtask of the present invention is a method to provide for the preparation of such storage.

A Another subtask of the invention is to use to show such storage.

Is solved the first subtask by a bush, which consists of a bearing foil manufactured and equipped with at least one collar, and the characterized in that the at least one fret one after inside is aligned collar, and that the sliding surface on the inside of the socket is provided, wherein the socket has an open shock and the Push with the end faces of the socket forms an acute angle (phi) and the federal government over one annular closed waistband has or partially overlapping Has sections of bearing foil.

through the at least one inwardly directed collar, the socket according to the invention light on one on the shaft for they are fixed shaft shoulder provided.

a open shock necessarily needed the socket for the mounting on cranked or other over their free ends inaccessible Waves. But it should not be the shock preferably be closed after assembly, as this makes disassembly difficult and is not required from a technical point of view.

Of the At least one fret has an annular, closed one Bund area. If the federal government for an axial bearing, for example in the form of a thrust washer needed or is used, this is the advantageous embodiment the bush, as this ensures optimum axial bearing can be. However, this requires a very specific Art tailored blank, as related below the figure description still explained becomes.

Of the at least one federal government has partially overlapping sections of Storage foil on. This jack does not require you to be specific Art tailored blank, as in the previously described embodiment, why, from a cost point of view, this socket variant is to be preferred, if no axial storage over this at least one covenant is required.

In order to the first sub-problem underlying the invention is solved. It exists the possibility, to provide pre-assembled shafts, i. Waves already are provided with bearings.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket in which the socket at each end face with a collar Is provided. In this way, the jack is in both directions secured against axial displacement.

Advantageous are embodiments the socket in which the bearing foil contains a supporting fabric, which is covered at least on one side with a sliding layer. This is Ensure that at least one side of the socket is completely closed Has sliding layer. This is then mounted to the shaft, while the Page that is not complete covered with sliding material, for example, in the storage saddle or bearing cap is provided.

Advantageous are embodiments the bush in which the sliding layer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) contains. Such a sliding layer is resistant to wear, has a long service life and can be reworked if necessary. In addition, it has the necessary formability.

Advantageous are embodiments of the Socket in which the sliding layer next to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) still contains at least one high temperature resistant polymer.

Advantageous embodiments of the Bush in which the impact with the end faces of the sleeve forms an acute angle θ greater than 50 ° and less than 80 °. As a shock, the junction of the two short sides of the board is referred to come to lie opposite each other when rolling the blank to a cylindrical sleeve. Since the bush is made of easily deformable bearing foil, it can not be fixed in the bearing by means of an interference fit. For this reason, the bush can migrate in the bearing bore, which is why it can not be ruled out that the shock comes to rest in areas of high bearing load. By an oblique design of the shock, ie an arrangement of the shock in such a way that it is not parallel to the bush axis, but with the end faces of the sleeve forms an acute angle θ, the shock is distributed over the circumference of the bushing in the circumferential direction. In this way it is ensured that - if at all - at least only a section comes to lie in areas of high bearing load.

• • Vorsehen eines platinenförmigen Rohlings aus Lagerfolie, der eine Länge hat, welche im wesentlichen der Umfangslänge der fertigen Buchse entspricht;
• • Aufrollen des Rohlings zu einer zylinderförmigen Buchse;
• • Einbringen mindestens eines Bundes durch Umknicken eines ringförmigen Streifens an einem Rand der Buchse; und das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
• • der platinenförmige Rohling mit einer im wesentlichen parallelogrammförmigen Grundform vorgesehen wird,
• • dass bei dem platinenförmigen Rohling an der Längsseite, an der ein Bund vorgesehen wird, Aussparungen in der Lagerfolie vorgesehen werden und
• • der ringförmige Randstreifen der Buchse nach innen geknickt wird.

The second sub-task, namely to provide a method for producing such a bearing, is achieved by a method in which the following method steps are provided:

• • providing a blank-shaped blank of bearing foil having a length substantially equal to the circumferential length of the finished sleeve;
• • rolling the blank into a cylindrical bushing;
• • introducing at least one collar by bending an annular strip at an edge of the socket; and that is characterized in that
• The platinum-shaped blank is provided with a substantially parallelogram-shaped basic shape,
• • that in the blank-shaped blank on the longitudinal side, on which a collar is provided, recesses are provided in the bearing foil and
• • The annular edge strip of the socket is bent inwards.

through a platinum-shaped Blanks having a substantially parallelogram-shaped basic shape let yourself when rolling up the board to a socket realize an oblique shock.

If at the platinum-shaped Blank on the long side, on which a collar is provided, recesses in the bearing foil be provided, this is also the production of sockets, where the federal government over an annular, closed waistband features.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which a blank blank provided is having a width which is substantially the width of the finished socket together with the width of at least one federal equivalent. In this way, the molded into a socket needs Board can not be reworked. There is already one finished jack in front, over the desired Dimensions.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which the board-shaped blank of a strip-shaped bearing foil strip is cut to length. This variant leaves an automated production in large quantities, with the cutting of the Board can be integrated into the manufacturing process and that Stock material is stored on rolls.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which uses a strip-shaped bearing foil tape which has a width which is substantially the width the finished socket together with the width of the at least one Federal corresponds. A processing of the width of the board is thus Necessary before rolling nor before cutting to length.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which at the platinum-shaped blank at the ends the long side, on which a collar is provided, parts of the bearing foil are removed. hereby can be made jacks, where the federal government on a annular closed waistband features. The advantages of these sockets have already been explained in more detail above.

Advantageous are embodiments the method in which the recesses formed in the bearing film v-shaped are.

The Removing bearing material on the long sides of the board is used in principle the purpose, superfluous material, which is not required in the final federal and even can be a hindrance to remove.

Advantageous are embodiments the process in which the manufacture of at least one federal takes place together with the mounting of the socket. The kinking of the covenant Fulfills then at the same time the function of a fixation of the socket. One already previously made, inwardly directed collar must during assembly in any case opened again become.

Advantageous are uses of the bush as a plain bearing.

Advantageous are uses in which the bush is used as a plain bearing for camshafts. Together with the invention Socket can be pre-assembled camshafts ie provided with bearings camshafts are provided.

Advantageous are uses where the bushing as a plain bearing for crankshafts is used. The advantages are those described for the camshaft.

Advantageous is also the use in which the bushings as plain bearings for eccentric shafts a variable valve train used as so-called auxiliary camshafts become.

To This particular use will be discussed further below made.

A possibility consists of optimizing the combustion process of a gasoline engine in the use of a variable valve train. In contrast to conventional valve trains, where both the stroke of the valves as well as the timing, i. the opening and closing times the intake and exhaust valves, due to the non-flexible, because non-adjustable mechanism of the valve train as immutable Sizes specified are, can this the combustion process and thus the fuel consumption influencing parameters by means of variable valve trains more or be varied less. The ideal solution would be a fully variable valve control, the for specially tuned to any operating point of the gasoline engine Values for the Hub and the timing allows.

Noticeable fuel savings but can can also be achieved with only partially variable valve trains. One such valve train is, for example, the VALVETRONIC valve train BMW, as described in the Motortechnische Zeitung, born in 2001, Issue 6, page 18 is described.

at This valve train, the closing time of the intake valve and the intake valve lift can be varied. This is a throttle-free and thus lossless load control possible.

The while the intake process flowing into the combustion chamber mixture mass is not as in conventional gasoline engines by means of a in the intake system arranged throttle controlled i. measured, but about the Intake valve lift and the opening duration of the inlet valve.

For this becomes the valvetrain with an eccentric shaft as auxiliary camshaft fitted. This eccentric shaft can by means of a drive via a worm adjusted, i. be twisted, this twisting the eccentric shaft a change of the Valve lift the intake valve causes.

The Eccentric shaft itself is in the cylinder head between the two overhead Camshafts stored. This storage takes place according to the prior art with rolling bearings, wherein the storage is designed in detail as follows. In the Cylinder head become bearing saddles incorporated in the first metal shells are inserted, which a half of the outer rolling bearing ring form. Have it the metal shells usually over a nose that is picked up by a hole in the bearing saddle and with which the sheep is secured against twisting. Through this Anti-rotation lock prevents the first and a second metal shell existing outer ring migrates and one of two shocks at which the dividing surfaces opposite to the two metal shells, come to rest in a highly loaded area of storage.

The Eccentric shaft that over at least two thickened shaft heels to accommodate the bearing has at these wave heels with a ring band open on one side and running in a cage and serving as rolling elements Needles provided and in the already mounted first metal shells arranged. An appropriate number of bearing caps will be together with second metal shells, which form the other half of the outer rolling bearing ring, relative to the bearing saddles arranged and screwed with these. The two metal shells form the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the eccentric shaft itself the inner ring of the rolling bearing, with the needles serve as rolling elements and run between metal shells and eccentric shaft.

by virtue of the plurality of components of which the rolling bearings are constructed is a given bearing clearance difficult to realize. On the one hand add the tolerances of the individual components and on the other decreases the number of joints between the components with a rising Number of components too. The result is a camp game that is very strong varies, is difficult to control and therefore undesirable sounds during operation of the valve train can.

by virtue of The auxiliary cam of the eccentric shaft bushings can not be used because the bearing mounts on the free ends of the shaft inaccessible are. For cups it lacks the necessary fixation. On the other hand can made of bearing foil socket by means of their at least an inward collar light fixed on the shaft heel become.

In the following the invention with reference to four embodiments according to the 2a . 2 B . 3 . 4 and 5 explained in more detail. Hereby shows:

1 schematically an embodiment of a bearing foil,

2a 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the bushing with a view of the collared side of the bush;

2 B schematically in a perspective view of in 2a represented socket on the not provided with a collar side of the socket,

3 schematically a second embodiment of the socket in the assembled state,

4 schematically a platinum-shaped blank of a third embodiment of the socket, and

5 schematically a platinum-shaped blank of a fourth embodiment of the socket.

The 1 has already been explained in detail in connection with the description of the prior art, in particular with the description of bearing films.

The 2a and 2 B show schematically a first embodiment of the socket 6 , This socket 6 has a first front side 12 not a covenant, but only a covenant 7 at the second end 13 is arranged. 2a shows the socket 6 in a perspective view overlooking the with a covenant 7 provided front side 13 the socket 6 , 2 B shows the same socket 6 in a perspective view with a view of the front side 12 the socket 6 that does not have a fret.

To recognize is the oblique shock 14 that with both ends 12 . 13 forms an acute angle θ. By an oblique execution of the shock 14 ie an arrangement of the impact 14 in the way that it does not run parallel to the bush axis, but with the front sides 12 . 13 the socket 6 forms an acute angle θ, becomes the shock 14 over the circumference of the socket 6 distributed in the circumferential direction. In this way it is ensured that - if at all - at least only a section comes to lie in areas of high bearing load.

3 schematically shows a second embodiment of the socket 6 in the assembled state. The socket 6 is on a wave heel 11 a wave 9 assembled. It has two leagues 7 . 8th that are directed inward and with which they are on the shaft 9 is fixed. Thus, it is against axial displacement in both directions of the shaft axis 10 secured.

4 schematically shows a platinum-shaped blank 15 a third embodiment of the socket. The basic form of the blank 15 is a parallelogram. As a result, an oblique impact of the socket to be produced is generated. The short sides of the blank 15 form with the long sides 16 ' . 16 '' - The future end faces of the socket - an acute angle θ, namely exactly the angle that later forms the circumferentially arranged shock with the end faces. At the ends of the long sides 16 ' . 16 '' are parts 17a . 17b . 17c . 17d of the bearing material or of the blank 15 removed (dashed line). This serves to produce a bush whose collar has an annular, closed collar surface, but at least no overlaps of bearing material in the collar region.

5 schematically shows a platinum-shaped blank 15 a fourth embodiment of the socket, which is essentially the 4 equivalent. In addition, V-shaped recesses 18a -d provided in order to create after turning the edge an annular, closed collar surface. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Bearing material, stockBanner

2

thread system

2a

part of the thread system

3

thread system

3a

part of the thread system

3b

part of the thread system

4

Overlay

5

Overlay

6

Rifle

7

first Federation

8th

second Federation

9

wave

10

shaft axis

11

shaft shoulder

12

first front

13

second front

14

shock

15

blank

16 '

long side

16 ''

long side

17a

parts the bearing foil

17b

parts the bearing foil

17c

parts the bearing foil

17d

parts the bearing foil

18a

recess

18b

recess

18c

recess

18d

recess

θ

angle between bump and Front of the

Rifle

Claims (16)

Rifle ( 6 ), which consists of a sliding surface bearing film ( 1 ) and with at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ), characterized in that the at least one collar ( 7 . 8th ) an inwardly directed collar ( 7 . 8th ), and that the sliding surface is provided on the inside of the bush, wherein the bushing ( 6 ) over an open shock ( 14 ) and the shock ( 14 ) with the end faces ( 12 . 13 ) of the socket ( 6 ) forms an acute angle (phi) and the collar ( 7 . 8th ) has an annular closed collar surface or partially overlapping portions of bearing foil ( 1 ) having. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bushing ( 6 ) on each end face ( 12 . 13 ) with a bunch ( 7 . 8th ) Is provided. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing foil ( 1 ) contains a supporting fabric, which at least on one side with a sliding layer ( 4 ) is covered. Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the sliding layer ( 4 ) Contains polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Rifle ( 6 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the sliding layer ( 4 ) contains at least one high-temperature resistant polymer in addition to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Rifle ( 6 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the acute angle θ is greater than 50 ° and less than 80 °. Method for producing a socket ( 6 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the following method steps are provided: • Provision of a blank blank ( 15 ) made of bearing foil ( 1 ), which has a length substantially equal to the circumferential length of the finished bushing ( 6 ) corresponds; • rolling up the blank ( 15 ) to a cylindrical bushing; • bringing in at least one federal government ( 7 . 8th by bending an annular strip on an edge of the bushing; characterized in that the blank-shaped blank ( 15 ) is provided with a substantially parallelogram-shaped basic shape, • that in the blank blank ( 15 ) on the longitudinal side ( 16 ' . 16 '' ), on which a collar is provided, recesses ( 18a . 18b . 18c . 18d ) in the bearing foil ( 1 ) are provided and • the annular edge strip of the socket is bent inwards. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that a blank-shaped blank ( 15 ) having a width substantially equal to the width of the finished sleeve ( 6 ) together with the width of the at least one federation ( 7 . 8th ) corresponds. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the blank-shaped blank ( 15 ) is cut to length from a strip-shaped bearing foil strip. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that that a strip-shaped Lagerfolienband is used, which has a width which essentially the width of the finished socket together with the Width of at least one federal corresponds. Method according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that in the platinum-shaped blank ( 15 ) at the ends of the longitudinal side ( 16 ' . 16 '' ), on which a covenant is provided, parts ( 17a . 17b . 17c . 17d ) of the bearing foil ( 1 ) are removed. Method according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the production of at least one federal ( 7 . 8th ) together with the mounting of the bush ( 6 ) he follows. Using a socket ( 6 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6 as plain bearings. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the bushing ( 6 ) is used as a plain bearing for camshafts. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the bushing ( 6 ) is used as a plain bearing for crankshafts. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the bushing ( 6 ) is used as a sliding bearing for auxiliary camshafts of a variable valve train.