DE10316162A1 - Device to stabilize the balance of human bodies in land sea or air vehicles has automatically adjustable seat carriers and acceleration sensors - Google Patents

Abstract

A device to stabilize the balance of human bodies in stationary or moving land, sea or air vehicles comprises seat carriers connected to a cushion and a frame with height adjusters corresponding to the body and supports to give a secure and comfortable position. Adjustment is manual when stationary and automatic in motion through acceleration sensors.

Description

The invention relates to a device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies, which are on stationary pads that are not in motion or that are in motion in vehicles. 2 ) according to DE 196 33 318 , with lying or sitting bodies against disturbances (F), which are on these bodies because of the unstable equilibrium of the lying or sitting human body ( 1 ) attack it and, due to driving dynamics such as linear accelerations when driving straight ahead, Coriolis accelerations when cornering and vertical bumps due to bumps in the road, force it into a stable equilibrium position, whereby the type of stabilization according to the invention only applies to cushions ( 2 ) according to DE 196 33 318 can be carried out, the "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof", which is to be supplemented and improved by the "device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies", in which the in combination of the cushion ( 2 ) individual carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) with each other and with the frame ( 3 . 9 ) of the upholstery ( 2 ) are connected and fixed in such a way that, due to the three-dimensional expansion of the human body to be supported, lying on or sitting on ( 1 ), resulting height differences of the beams ( _{2a, b, c} ) with each other, which correspond to the position of the spatial body surface to be supported, remain in their position and thus the position of the center of gravity (S), the resting human body to be supported ( 1 ) in which a fatigue-free, safe resting position is held or supported.

In previously known devices, cushions or mattresses in addition to the "device for supporting ..." mentioned in accordance with DE 196 33 318 , there is no effective compensation of the contact pressure of the lying or sitting body, nevertheless it is also necessary with these cushions and mattresses to protect the human body against drifting into the stable equilibrium position or against it, because of the passive equilibrium that occurs especially when sitting themselves because of the dynamic driving disturbances. Such securing or stabilization is known to be carried out by means of side or backrests, such as those found in known vehicle seats from known manufacturers.

The present invention is based on the object of upholstery ( 2 ) of the aforementioned type according to the "Device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 to improve so that the on these bodies because of the unstable equilibrium, ie the center of gravity (S) is high (h) above the contact surface of the resting or seated human body ( 1 ) To secure the body against the forces or accelerations particularly attacking in vehicles such as driving dynamics, linear accelerations when driving straight ahead, Coriolis accelerations when cornering and or vertical bumps due to bumps in the road, so that they cannot be tilted out of the comfortable resting position, but are secured in such a way that a comfortable, fatigue-free position of the driver and the front passenger is ensured, in which the advantages of the high pressure equalization at the contact point of the body, by using the "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 , associated with securing the seat position or support position according to the inventive device for stabilizing the seat or support position. The "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 , is designed so that gaseous and liquid media could be used in its carrier system. An application of gaseous media in the bellows () "Device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 is appropriate because of the weight saving and also the spring behavior of the gas volumes in the device.

The use of gaseous media was actually intended for resting human bodies, whereby the position of the center of gravity (S) would not have played as important a role as with a seated body. With gaseous media there is no spring behavior in the bellows or telescopes ( 2 _c ) because liquids are not compressible. The use of gaseous media in the bellows according to the "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 , results in addition to the excellent pressure distribution also an additional spring behavior, which is now countered with the device according to the invention for securing against tilting.

This Task is solved by a device with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the appended claims.

The device according to the invention is suitable for securing the resting position of the seated but also lying body against tipping over from the sitting or resting position, especially in the “device for supporting the human body or of parts of it "according to DE 196 33 318 , Should be used, which could result in the center of gravity tipping due to the high pressure balance in the overlying body zone.

For land, air and water vehicles, it is therefore favorable to use the "device for supporting ...," in accordance with DE 196 33 318 of upholstery ( 2 ) of a type with very high pressure compensation, to be supplemented with the stabilization device according to the invention. This ensures that after adjustment of the cushion according to DE 196 33 318 to the body shape on top, the individual poster parts in the composite, in the current, mutually adjusted position, with each other and with the seat frame in such a way that the human body lying on top or sitting, from the comfortable position without pressure nuisance at the support point, not laterally can tilt. This gives vehicle drivers a free hand to control the vehicle with full comfort of pressure equalization at the body's support point in the seat or upholstery. According to the invention, the seated or lying human body is, with full pressure equalization at the support point in the cushion ( 2 ) according to DE 196 33 318 secured against tipping to the side, but released if necessary or at certain time intervals for automatic compensation of the contact pressure, i.e. the driver sitting on the upholstery decides for himself when the upholstery changes after changing the seating or resting position or after a long journey ( 2 ) according to DE 196 33 318 to perform the pressure equalization. Furthermore, it is additionally ensured that the device according to the invention in the event of dangerous situations in which the responsiveness of the moving person is not sufficient to the cushion ( 2 ) fast enough to fix, the quick fixation of the cushion ( 2 ), automatically or sensor-controlled, as is already done and carried out with known aerobags or seat belts.

The "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 is designed so that the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) are provided with flexible heads, so that even in the case of fixation by the device according to the invention, the surface of the cushion ( 2 ) with full pressure equalization, the body lying on ( 1 ) takes up comfortably and can be supported according to the invention.

In contrast to the prior art, in which bodies that sit or lie on soft cushions must be secured by means of side or backrests against tipping to the sides that are a hindrance when getting in or out, cushions ( 2 ) thus "device for supporting the human body or parts thereof" according to DE 196 33 318 , with the device according to the invention for stabilizing the balance of human bodies, such bulky side rests which are cumbersome when getting in or out are not required.

Furthermore, upholstery ( 2 ), which are equipped with the aforementioned "device for stabilizing the equilibrium ...", automatically fixed in crash situations, ie sensor-controlled, and thus stabilized so that the contact surfaces in the case of the invention are caused by large forces occurring during the accident Upholstery ( 2 ) cannot deform and the resting and sitting bodies can survive crash situations on a safe seat that is not deformed.

embodiments the invention are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings and are described below. Same or corresponding Parts are in the various examples with matching reference numbers designated.

1 shows a body ( 1 ) perpendicular to a cushion ( 2 ) sits, whose contact surface is very well adapted to the body lying on it.

1a shows the situation 1 after the application of a lateral force (F), through which the body ( 1 ) was tipped sideways.

2 shows the schematic sectional view of a cushion () with a body part sitting on it ( 1 ). The cushion () has adapted to the body shape lying on it.

3 shows a top view of a cushion ( 2 ) where the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) of the upholstery ( 2 ) from a U-shaped cushion frame ( 3 ) are enclosed. The open side of the U-shaped cushion frame is covered by a pressure plate ( 4 ) limited either by the tension springs ( 7 . 8th ) against the inside of the thus closed cushion frame ( 3 ) are pressed so tightly against each other that the static friction F _R = ux F _a caused by the pressure force (Fa), the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) of the upholstery ( 2 ) with each other and the upholstery frame or if the eccentric ( 5 . 6 ) the pressure plate ( 4 ) after overcoming the tension springs ( 7 . 8th ) have lifted freely in the vertical when the support situation changes on the surface of the body ( 1 ) can adjust.

4 shows shows the schematic sectional view of a cushion ( 2 ) with a body part sitting on it ( 1 ). The upholstery ( 2 ) has the adapted to the body shape.

5 shows a top view of a cushion ( 2 ) where the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) on all sides of pressure plates ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) are enclosed by tension springs ( 15 to 22 ) on the upholstered frame ( 9 ) are fastened, in the standby position, i.e. with looser tension rope ( 14 ) against the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) held. In this setting, the wearers ( _{2a, b, c} ) adapt to changes in the support position on the body surface; the position of the resting body can be changed when the wearer automatically adapts to the changed support position ( _{2a, b, c} ) to be changed. If the tension rope ( 14 ) with a motorized rope tensioner ( 31 ) or manual rope tensioner ( 31a ), the carriers ( _{2a, b, c} ) of the upholstery ( 2 ) on all sides due to the resulting contact pressure (Fa), against each other and with the cushion frame ( 9 ) fixed, either static friction (FR) or positive locking can be used for fixation.

6 shows a section through a group of carriers ( _{2a, b, c} ), which are pressed against each other by lateral pressure forces (Fa) under the conditions of a material-specific coefficient of friction (μ) and are thus fixed via static friction (Fr).

7 shows a top view of the below 6 explained situation.

8th shows a section through a group of carriers ( _{2a, b, c} ), which are held together by lateral pressure forces (Fa) under the conditions of positive locking by side pressure forces (Fa).

9 shows a top view of the below 8th explained situation.

10 shows the schematic representation of an automatic control circuit which, when predetermined setpoints of accelerations are exceeded via the sensor ( 32 ) and servomotors the worm drives ( 5 . 6 ) respectively.

Rope tensioner ( 31 ) activates and fully automatically the cushion ( 2 ), so that the human body sitting or lying on it can survive the accident situation without the seat or support surfaces being deformed.

example calculation

The fixation shown in the aforementioned figures by means of static friction between those caused by lateral pressure forces (Fa) are based on cross sections of the supports () of 4 cm × 4 cm = 16 cm ² .

The Mass (m) of a seated person is 100 kg when on the vehicle floor feet, should be from body parts resting on the seat like buttocks and thighs supported about 70 kg become. With appropriate seat geometry, would be in front of said body parts approximately

2000 cm ^{2 are available} for circulation. The seated body ( 1 ) would make its mass from 70 kg to a total

2000 cm ² : 16 cm ² = 125 support surfaces of 16 cm ² each that could support the body tightly packed together. The seated mass of the body of 70 kg would thus be distributed over 125 support surfaces of 16 cm ² each, ie, 56 kg body mass would be from a support surface of
16 cm ² worn.

Pressure load of the surface body

This results in a pressure load on the body lying on
0.56 Kg: 16 cm ² = 0.035 Kg / cm ² .

If 1 kg mass at normal height NN corresponds to a weight of 10 N (Newton), then the body sits ( 1 ) with a pressure of
0.035 kg = 0.35 N / cm ² on the pad ( 2 ).

Static friction (F _R )

When using polyamide on steel as a friction pair between the tightly packed beams (), a coefficient of friction of μ = 0.3 could be expected.
(See table book metal, page 38, 1992 publisher EUROPALEHRMITTEL • Nourney, Vollmer GmbH & Co.) F _R = μ × Fa, where Fa is the pressure force to be exerted laterally on the carrier surfaces, which generates a corresponding static friction connecting the individual carriers.

So to a support surface against, for example, 10 times the bearing load of
0.560 Kg × 10 = 5,600 Kg, 56 N, to secure against displacement by means of static friction () a contact pressure () would be required by:
Fa = F _R / μ = 56 N / 0.3 = 186.67 N, ie the beams should be pressed against each other with a force of approximately 190 N.

These forces could be achieved via worm drives ( 5 . 6 ) or rope tensioner ( 31 . 31a ) produce.

The pressure forces for fixation between beams () with corresponding fixation by positive locking were not calculated. Here lower pressure forces are sufficient to secure the body lying on it ( 1 ) against tipping due to disturbing factors.

1

human body

2

Upholstery, according to DE 19233318

2a

Carrier head - flexible

2 B

Guide sleeve - carrier

2c

Bellows, according to DE 19830184

3

cushion frame

4

platen

5; 6

worm drive

5a; 6a

worm

5b; 6b

slug

5c; 6c

eccentric

7; 8th

ZugfederExzenter

9

cushion frame

10 until 13

printing plate

14

tether

15 until 22

mainspring

23-30

idler

31

Tensioner, motor

31a

Tensioner, manually

32

sensor

F

Force, on the body

F _a

contact force

F _R

stiction

G

weight force

H

Center of gravity

l

distance of focus

S

main emphasis

μ

coefficient of friction

Claims (5)

Device for stabilizing the equilibrium of human bodies, the cushions on stationary, standing or in motion in land, air and water vehicles ( 2 ) according to DE 196 33 318 , lie or sit with effective compensation of the contact pressure against disturbances caused by the unstable equilibrium of the human body lying on or sitting on ( 1 ) and or driving dynamics influences such as linear accelerations when driving straight ahead, Coriolis accelerations when cornering and vertical bumps due to bumps in the road, whereby the individual beams ( _{2a, b, c} ) in combination with the upholstery ( 2 ) with each other and with the frame ( 3 . 9 ) of the upholstery ( 2 ) are connected and fixed, which, due to the three-dimensional extent of the human body to be supported, lying on or sitting on ( 1 ), resulting height differences of the beams ( _{2a, b, c} ) among themselves, which correspond to the position of the spatial body surface to be supported, remain in their position and thus the position of the center of gravity (S) of the human body to be supported ( 1 ) in which the support position is maintained and supported for fatigue-free, secure, the fixation of the carrier ( _{2a, b, c} ) with upholstery not in motion ( 2 ) is set manually, ie released or fixed and with the upholstery in motion ( 2 ) is carried out automatically, for example controlled, by means of acceleration sensors so that, in the event of an accident, the vehicle seat is automatically secured against the suddenly occurring disturbance variables in the vehicle and the human body to be supported ( 1 ) together with the fixed cushion ( 2 ) is secured in the vehicle seat. Device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies ( 1 ) on upholstery ( 2 ) with pressure equalization according to DE 196 33 318 according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriers located in the composite ( _{2a, b, c} ) are pressed together from the outside by normal forces (F _a ) acting on the beam assembly, whereby the individual beams ( 2a ) with each other, and also with the cushion frame ( 3 . 9 ) are fixed via the resulting static friction (F _R ). Device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies ( 1 ) on upholstery ( 2 ) with pressure equalization according to DE 196 33 318 according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriers located in the composite ( _{2a, b, c} ) are pressed against one another for fixation by normal forces (F _a ) acting on the carrier assembly from the outside and thereby the individual carriers ( _{2a, b, c} ) with each other and also with the cushion frame ( 3 . 9 ) between the individual carriers ( _{2a, b, c} ) and the cushion frame ( 3 ) caused positive locking of the toothed side surfaces of the beams ( 2 B ) can be fixed. Device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies ( 1 ) on upholstery ( 2 ) with pressure equalization according to DE 196 33 318 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carriers located in the composite ( _{2a, b, c} ) perpendicular to the contact surface of the body ( 1 ) when adapting to the surface of the upholstery ( 2 ) can move freely in the vertical and can only be controlled manually or automatically if necessary. Device for stabilizing the balance of human bodies on upholstery ( 2 ) with pressure equalization according to DE 196 33 318 , according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite body and the human body ( 1 ) when balancing the contact pressure, pneumatically adjusted supports, always with each other and with the cushion frame ( 3 . 9 ) are fixed, and only to adjust the cushion ( 2 ) to the required or a changed edition situation, this fixation by means of manual ( 31a ) or electrical actuators ( 31 ) will be annulled.