DE10261796A1 - drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Around a drive unit for machine tools, comprising a bearing housing, an actuator extending in the direction of a longitudinal axis, which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction relative to the bearing housing in two bearings arranged at a distance from one another in a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis and held on the bearing housing and about the longitudinal axis relative to the bearing housing is rotatably mounted, to make it as advantageous as possible, it is proposed that secondary part elements for a rotary linear drive of the actuator about the longitudinal axis and for a translational linear drive in the longitudinal direction be arranged on the actuator, which at least partially form an effective secondary part structure for the rotary drive and at least partly form a secondary part structure effective for translatory drive, that around the actuator primary part elements for the rotary linear drive of the actuator about the longitudinal axis and for the translational Linear drive of the actuator are arranged in the longitudinal direction, which at least partially form a primary part structure that acts in a rotary manner and at least partially form a primary part structure that acts in a translatory manner.

Description

The invention relates to a drive unit for machine tools comprising a bearing housing, a itself in the direction of a longitudinal axis extending actuator, which in two in a parallel to the longitudinal axis longitudinal direction spaced apart and held on the bearing housing Store in the longitudinal direction slidable relative to the bearing housing and around the longitudinal axis relative to the bearing housing is rotatably mounted.

Such drive units are known from the prior art. They serve in particular as so-called Quills to position tools or workpieces for machining, these quills a tool carrier or a tool for machining of a workpiece wear.

Such quills are usually linearly shifted by spindle drives and driven by rotary drives.

The invention has for its object a Drive unit for Machine tools as constructively as possible to be advantageous.

This task is performed on a drive unit for machine tools of the type described in the invention solved in that on the Secondary element actuator for one rotary linear drive of the actuator around the longitudinal axis as well as for one linear linear drive are arranged in the longitudinal direction, which, at least in part, has a secondary part structure which is effective for rotary drive form and effective at least in part a translational drive Abutment structure form that um the actuator around primary part elements for the rotary linear drive of the actuator around the longitudinal axis as well as for the translational Linear drive of the actuator are arranged in the longitudinal direction, which at least in part has a rotating primary part structure form and at least partially a translational primary part structure form.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention is to see that through arranging secondary part elements directly on the actuator, on the one hand a rotary linear drive and on the other hand enable a translatory linear drive, a particularly simple, in particular compact drive structure is created on the other hand due to the immediate arrangement the actuator additionally high positional stability, Position accuracy and rigidity guaranteed.

With regard to the secondary part elements used were no closer Information provided. An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the secondary part elements Include magnets.

Another advantageous embodiment stipulates that the Secondary part elements comprise currentless windings in which currents are induced by fields of the primary part and thus also magnetization is induced.

With regard to the formation of the secondary part structure and the secondary part elements So far, none of them have been identified Information provided. She sees an advantageous embodiment before that rotationally effective secondary part structure secondary part elements with in the longitudinal direction in strips extending magnetic poles. Such in the longitudinal direction strip Magnetic poles are particularly suitable for a rotary linear drive.

Are under a magnetic pole to understand magnetic poles, either by those of the abutment elements included Magnets or are magnetized by the currentless windings.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the linear translatory secondary part structure secondary part elements with transverse to the longitudinal direction Has magnetic poles. Such magnetic poles are particularly suitable Cheap for a translational Linear drive in the longitudinal direction.

It is particularly advantageous if the secondary section elements Magnetic poles running in an azimuthal direction of the actuator include.

As an alternative to forming a secondary structure with in the longitudinal direction stripe and magnetic poles rotating in the azimuthal direction see another embodiment a secondary structure according to the invention before that in a two-dimensional surface pattern arranged magnetic poles of secondary elements, both of which in the longitudinal direction and several are arranged in succession in the azimuthal direction.

It is expediently provided that the magnetic poles of the secondary part elements itself in the longitudinal direction and the azimuth direction only over one Fraction of less than a tenth of the extent of the secondary structure extend in the respective direction.

With regard to the formation of the primary part structure have not been closer so far Information provided. So it is advantageously provided that the rotary effective primary part structure Primary part elements with in the longitudinal direction have extending and magnetizable by a coil poles.

It is also advantageously provided that the translational effective primary part structure primary part elements with transverse to the longitudinal direction extending and magnetizable by a coil poles.

It is particularly expedient if the primary sub-elements have poles extending in the azimuthal direction, which in particular form a ring around the Ak walk around the gate.

The ones running transverse to the longitudinal direction can Pole in either oblique to the longitudinal direction trending areas, which are flat or curved can, or preferably in planes running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction lie.

Alternatively, it is provided that the primary part structure in a two-dimensional surface pattern arranged primary part elements which each comprise poles magnetizable by a coil, of which both in the longitudinal direction as well as several successively arranged in the azimuthal direction are.

It is particularly useful here if the primary part elements in the longitudinal direction and the azimuth direction just above a fraction of less than a tenth of the extent of the Primary substructures extend into the respective from.

With regard to the expansion of the primary part structure and the abutment structure no further details were given relative to each other. To ensure, that at moving the actuator in the longitudinal direction the same force is always generated is either the secondary structure or the primary part structure with a larger extension longitudinal train so that always the area, with which both overlap with each other, is the same size.

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the abutment structure in the longitudinal direction Extends at least by a maximum feed path of the actuator is greater than the expansion of the primary part structure interacting with this is. This is easier and, in particular, less expensive Way ensured that the for displacement in the longitudinal direction Generatable force can always be the same size.

Furthermore, in the case of a separation of the primary part structures into a rotary and a linear translational primary part structure preferably provided that this with their ends facing each other at a distance from each other are arranged, the at least the maximum feed path of the actuator in the longitudinal direction equivalent.

This solution is particularly advantageous if the rotary primary structure and the linear translational primary part structure is rotatory or linear translational secondary part structure is assigned.

In this case it is preferably provided that the rotary Abutment structure and the linear translational abutment structure in the longitudinal direction essentially connect to each other.

However, is the primary part structure trained so that this both a rotary drive and a linear translational one Drive allows, is preferably provided that the rotary primary part structure and the linear translational primary part structure directly against one another then arranged are.

To further ensure that for the abutment structure sufficient freedom of movement is preferred provided that a Distance between a side of a primary part structure facing a bearing and the respective bearing at least the maximum feed path of the Actuator in the longitudinal direction equivalent.

With regard to the training of the actuator were in connection with the previous explanation of the individual embodiments no further details made. So it is particularly advantageous if the actuator is aligned with the longitudinal axis rotationally symmetrical lateral surfaces having.

The lateral surfaces are preferably in particular also lateral surfaces in the area of secondary part structures.

It is also advantageously provided that the actuator to the longitudinal axis rotationally symmetrical storage areas has, which are listed in inventory of the camp.

The lateral surface can be in the area the secondary structure have a different radius than in the area of the bearing surface. Especially Cheap it is when the outer surface in the area of the secondary part structure has a radius identical to at least one bearing surface.

It is even more advantageous if the lateral surfaces the same radius as the bearing surfaces exhibit.

Furthermore, the storage areas so arranged that they in the longitudinal direction on the secondary structure consequences.

In one version of the drive unit, which in the longitudinal direction builds particularly short, it is preferably provided that the bearing surfaces at least partially overlap the secondary part structure, so that it it is not necessary to have a distance between the primary part structure and anticipate the bearings as the abutment structure moves of the actuator in the longitudinal direction can also be moved into the bearings.

Regarding the type of control of the actuator were in connection with the previous description of the individual embodiments no closer Information provided.

To the actuator in terms of for a machine tool required precision and to be able to position rigidity exactly is preferably provided, that the Drive unit a controller for positioning the actuator in the longitudinal direction and has the azimuth direction.

This control is preferred trained to be comprises a position detection device.

The position detection device can work in different ways.

For example, it would be conceivable to determine the position of the Ak using optical interferometric measurements to capture tors.

One in terms of location detection particularly precise and in particular a functionally reliable solution provides that the position detection device has a position detection unit and a position detection structure that can be scanned by the position detection unit includes.

Such a position detection unit and a position detection structure can be in a wide variety Way to be arranged. For example, it would be conceivable for the position detection unit to be arranged on the actuator and from the position of the actuator to determine the position detection structure.

A particularly favorable solution provides that the position detection structure is connected to the actuator and the position detection unit is arranged on the bearing housing is.

With regard to the formation of the position detection structure have not been closer so far Information provided. So an advantageous embodiment provides that the Position detection structure extends in the azimuthal direction, in particular to capture the angular positions of the actuator. This is particularly cheap then possible, when the position detection structure is closed as in the azimuthal direction Structure is formed.

To at the same time with the Position detection structure advantageously the position of the actuator longitudinal to be able to record it is preferably provided that the Position detection structure extends in the longitudinal direction.

The position detection structure can be particularly expedient then realize if this is on a circumferential around the longitudinal axis of the actuator area is arranged.

It is advantageous if the position detection structure on a cylindrical to the longitudinal axis of the Actuator surface is arranged, since then both linear displacements in a simple manner as well as rotational misalignments by detecting the position detection structure in the cylindrical surface possible are.

The cylinder surface for the position detection structure could be arranged on a separate part.

It is particularly favorable if the position detection structure on a cylindrical surface the actuator is arranged.

Alternatively, it is preferred provided that the Position detection structure on a surface of the Actuator is arranged.

With regard to the arrangement of the position detection structure No further details have so far been given on the actuator itself. So look an advantageous solution before that Position detection structure arranged in an interior of the actuator is. Such an arrangement of the position detection structure has the huge Advantage that with it the position detection structure is independent from the abutment structure can be arranged and also scanned and also the position detection structure is protected against external influences.

Alternatively, it is provided that the position detection structure on an outside the actuator is arranged. This has the advantage that the Location detection structure for detecting the location is easily accessible.

It is particularly advantageous if the position detection structure on a lateral surface of the actuator is arranged. In addition to the Abutment structure be arranged.

Another advantageous embodiment enables in particular a compact construction of the drive unit, stipulates that the Position detection structure at least partially over the secondary part structure extends.

A particularly favorable solution provides that the position detection structure approximately is arranged in a central region of the secondary part structure.

Especially with a rotary effective and a translational secondary structure is preferred provided that the Position detection structure are both rotationally effective as well over the linear translationally effective secondary part structure extends.

Precisely the training of the So far, no more detailed information has been given on the situation recording structure. So look an advantageous embodiment before that Position detection structure includes structure bodies arranged in a regular pattern.

The structural bodies are preferably all identical educated.

The structural bodies are expediently included between these gaps in the position detection structure arranged.

Alternatively, it is provided that the position detection structure a stochastic surface pattern has, in which case the position detection unit preferably is a camera.

With regard to the scanning of the position detection structure it is preferably provided that this can be scanned by at least one sensor of the position detection unit with which an angle of rotation of the actuator about the longitudinal axis is detectable.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the location detection structure can be scanned by at least one sensor of the position detection unit with which a linear translational movement in the longitudinal direction is detectable.

Regarding the way the controller works have been related to positioning the actuator the previous explanation of the individual embodiments no closer Information provided.

An advantageous solution provides that the rotationally effective primary part structure can be controlled by the control with respect to the rotational position of the actuator relative to the bearing housing by means of a position control. The provision of such a position control has the advantage that a very exact positioning of the actuator in the rotational position is possible.

It also provides an advantageous embodiment the solution according to the invention, that the linear translational primary part structure through the control with regard to the linear position of the actuator in the longitudinal direction relative to the bearing housing can be controlled by means of a position control.

It is particularly favorable if the Position control for the linear translational position of the actuator relative to the bearing housing and the position control for the rotational position of the actuator works parallel to the bearing housing, so that any overlay a linear translational movement can be carried out with a rotary movement.

Other features and advantages of Invention are the subject of the following description and the graphic representation of some embodiments.

The drawing shows:

1 is a schematic plan view of a possible embodiment of a lathe with drive units according to the invention;

2 a first embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

3 a section along line 3-3 in 2 ;

4 a schematic representation similar 2 a second embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

5 a schematic representation similar 2 a third embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

6 a schematic view similar 2 a fourth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

7 a representation of a course of magnetizable poles and their force effect in development;

8th a schematic representation similar 2 a fifth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

9 a schematic representation similar 2 a sixth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention;

10 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a position detection device;

11 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a position detection device according to the invention;

12 a schematic representation of a first form of structural elements of a position detection structure;

13 a schematic representation of a second form of structural elements of a position detection device according to the invention;

14 a schematic representation of a third form of structural elements of a position detection device according to the invention;

15 another form of a position detection structure;

16 a first possibility of an arrangement of the second embodiment of a position detection device according to the invention;

17 a second possibility of arranging the second embodiment of the position detection device according to the invention;

18 a third possibility of arranging a position detection device according to the invention and

19 a third embodiment of a position detection device according to the invention.

An in 1 The illustrated embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention, in this case a lathe, comprises a machine frame 10 , on which a drive unit 12 for a spindle 14 is held, which for holding a workpiece 16 a chuck 18 has, the spindle 14 through the drive unit 12 around a spindle axis 20 rotatable and in the direction of the spindle axis 20 , that is, a Z direction, displaceable by the drive unit 12 is drivable and stored.

The machine tool further comprises a drive unit 22 for moving a tool carrier 24 which, for example, two revolver heads 26 and 28 comprises on a common turret carrier 30 sit, and opposite the turret carrier 30 around a switching axis 32 are rotatable, the switching axis 32 for example, runs parallel to the Z direction.

In addition, the entire turret carrier 30 through the drive unit 22 around an axis 32 , for example a B axis, rotatable and in the direction of the axis 32 , that is, for example, an X direction, displaceable, the X direction being transverse, preferably perpendicular to the spindle axis 20 runs so that by moving the tool carrier 24 Tools 36 of the revolver heads 26 . 28 in the X direction to the spindle axis 20 can be moved and positioned around the workpiece 16 to edit, the movement of the workpiece 16 in the Z direction by moving the spindle 14 can be done.

Both the movements of the tool carrier 24 as well as the movements of the spindle 14 are through a controller 40 controlled which with the drive units 12 and 22 cooperates to both the spindle 14 as well as the tool carrier 24 to be positioned relative to each other so that each of the tools 36 in the for machining the workpiece 16 suitable way of use comes.

The drive unit 12 for the spindle 14 and the drive unit 22 for the tool carrier 24 can be constructed in the same way in principle, with a first in 2 and 3 illustrated embodiment each of these drive units 12 . 22 an actuator 50 comprises, which is relative to a bearing housing 52 both around a longitudinal axis 54 rotatable as well as in the direction of the longitudinal axis 54 is slidably mounted. The actuator 50 forms in the case of the spindle 14 part of the spindle 14 which is the chuck 18 carries, and in the case of the tool holder 24 part of the tool carrier 24 which the bearing head 30 wearing.

The actuator 50 is by two spaced bearings 56 and 58 on the bearing housing 52 stored, which are designed for example as hydrostatic or aerostatic bearings.

Furthermore, the actuator 50 preferably as to the longitudinal axis 54 circular cylindrical body with lateral surfaces 60 trained to train the camp 56 storage areas 62 has, which in a firmly on the bearing housing 52 arranged inventory 64 both around the longitudinal axis 54 are rotatable as well as displaceable in the direction of this. In addition, the actuator 50 to form the camp 58 storage areas 66 on that opposite one on the bearing housing 52 arranged inventory 68 around the longitudinal axis 54 are rotatable and displaceable in the direction of this.

To drive the actuator 50 this is with a first secondary part structure 70R provided which first secondary part elements 72R has, each magnetic poles 74R form. The magnetic poles 74R are arranged so that in an azimuthal direction 76 to the longitudinal axis 54 successive magnetic poles 74R alternating polarities 74RN . 74RS have and for example in a parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 extending longitudinal direction 78 are elongated.

Furthermore, the actuator 50 with a second secondary structure 70L provided, the second secondary part elements 72L has, which in turn magnetic poles 74L form. The magnetic poles 74L are arranged so that in the direction 78 successive magnetic poles 74L alternating polarities 74LN . 74LS have and for example in the azimuthal direction 76 around the longitudinal axis 54 are trained around.

The abutment structures 70R and 70L can by secondary part elements 72R and 72L are formed, which either comprise permanent magnets or short-circuit windings which are not actively supplied with current.

The first abutment structure 70R is a first primary part structure 80R assigned which first primary part elements 82R which is in the azimuth direction 76 successively arranged magnetizable poles 84R having, in the azimuthal direction 76 successive poles 84R alternating polarities 84RN . 84RS exhibit. The magnetic poles are preferred 84R in the longitudinal direction 78 elongated training. Furthermore, everyone is the pole 84R a coil 86R to magnetize the respective pole 84R assigned.

Also the second secondary structure 70L is a primary part structure 80L assigned which individual primary part elements 82L has the magnetizable poles 84L form, being in the longitudinal direction 78 successive poles 84L alternating polarities 84LN . 84LS have and preferably in the azimuthal direction 76 around the second abutment structure 70L stretch around.

In the same way as the primary part elements 82R also include the primary part elements 82L Do the washing up 86L for magnetizing the poles 84L ,

The first primary part structure 80R thus forms with the first secondary part structure 70R a rotary direct drive 90R to generate a rotary movement of the actuator 50 around the longitudinal axis 54 and the second primary part structure 80L forms together with the second secondary part structure 70L a second in the longitudinal direction 78 effective direct linear drive for the movement of the actuator 50 relative to the bearing housing 52 ,

The rotary direct drive is in accordance with the invention 90R formed so that the torque that can be generated by this regardless of the position of the actuator 50 regarding the direction 78 and on the other hand is preferably the linear direct drive 90L trained so that the force acting on the actuator 50 longitudinal 78 is independent of the rotary position of the actuator 50 relative to the bearing housing 52 ,

Thus, in the solution according to the invention, that of each of the two direct drives 90R and 90L generated force effect independent of that of the other direct drive 90L respectively. 90R generated movement.

It is preferably provided for this that the first secondary part structure 70R in the longitudinal direction 78 has an extension AR which is at least by a maximum feed path V of the actuator 50 relative to the length housing 52 is greater than an extension ER of the first primary part structure 80R in the longitudinal direction 78 ,

An extension AL of the second secondary part structure is also preferred 70L in the longitudinal direction 78 by the maximum feed path V greater than an extension EL of the second primary part structure 80L in that direction 78 ,

To the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 to be able to move without the secondary part structures 70R and 70L with the bearings 56 . 58 collide are the secondary structures 70R and 70L to be arranged so that when the actuator moves 50 with the maximum feed path V no collision with the bearings 56 . 58 or these load-bearing wall areas 57 . 59 of the bearing housing 52 occurs so that when positioning the actuator 50 middle between a maximum retracted position and a maximum advanced position the distance from the respective bearings 56 . 58 facing ends 71 from the camps 56 or 58 or these bearing wall areas 57 . 59 corresponds to at least half the feed path.

On the other hand, the primary part structures 80R and 80L The primary part structures are to be kept fully effective in all feed positions 80R . 80L with their bearings 56 . 58 facing ends 81 to be arranged so that this is at least a distance from the bearings corresponding to the maximum feed path V. 56 or 58 or the wall areas supporting it 57 . 59 of the bearing housing 52 exhibit.

In a second exemplary embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention, shown in FIG 4 , is the actuator 50 in a bearing housing 52 ' through two camps 56 and 58 stored, which are arranged so that between the camp 56 and the camp 58 both the first abutment structure 70R as well as the second abutment structure 70L and the first primary part structure 80R as well as the second primary part structure 80L sit and thus the actuator 50 on both sides of the direct drives 90R and 90L is stored. Consequently, it is a very stable guide for the actuator 50 possible, which is both positive for the stable positioning of the tool holder 24 or the spindle 14 effect.

Otherwise, the direct drives 90L and 90R trained in the same way as in the first embodiment.

Regarding related with the second embodiment Elements not described find the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment Use and with regard to the description thereof becomes full on the executions to the first embodiment Referred.

In order to achieve the shortest possible overall length, the primary part structures are in the second exemplary embodiment 80R and 80L so arranged that their mutually facing ends 79 have a distance from one another which corresponds at least to the maximum feed path.

In addition, the primary part structures 80R and 80L so arranged that their the bearings 56 . 58 facing ends 81 of these or the wall areas supporting the bearings 57 . 59 have a distance that corresponds at least to the maximum feed path.

In a third embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention, shown in 5 , the actuator carries 50 a secondary structure 70 ' , which is no longer subdivided into a first and second secondary part structure, as in the previous exemplary embodiments, but is constructed in such a way that it both in the azimuthal direction 76 around the longitudinal axis 54 as well as in the longitudinal direction 78 is effective.

In this case, the secondary structure 70 ' for example, constructed so that they have magnetic poles 74 ' N and 74'S has both in the azimuth direction 76 as well as in the longitudinal direction 78 alternating successively, in which case the magnetic poles 74 ' N areas forming the magnetic poles 74'S enclosing areas so that the magnetic poles 74'N forming areas form a kind of cohesive grid, between which the magnetic poles 74'S forming areas are arranged in the form of isolated islands.

With such a secondary part structure 70 ' is a rotary and a linear translatory drive of the actuator 50 thereby possible that both a first primary part structure 80R as well as a second primary part structure 80L are provided, both in the same way as in the preceding two embodiments in the longitudinal direction 78 are arranged in succession and are designed in the same way as described in connection with the first embodiment, but in this case in the longitudinal direction 78 connect directly to each other.

The first primary part structure 80R enables with those in the azimuth direction 76 successive alternating poles 74 ' N and 74'S a rotary drive of the actuator 50 while the second primary structure 80L a linear displacement of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 due to the in the longitudinal direction 78 successive alternating magnetic poles 74 ' N and 74'S allows.

The uniform and continuous abutment structure 70 ' thus allows the primary parts 80R and 80L to be arranged directly next to each other and thus at least the feed path V in the direction of the longitudinal axis 54 corresponding distance between the primary part structures 80R and 80L to avoid, so that the third embodiment of the drive unit according to the invention is still around the feed path V of the actuator 50 in that direction 78 builds shorter than the first and second exemplary embodiments, but opens up the possibility of the primary part structures provided in the first and second exemplary embodiments 80R and 80L use.

In a fourth embodiment shown in 6 , is a secondary structure 70 '' provided which magnetic poles arranged side by side like a chessboard 74''N and 74''5 having each of the magnetic poles 74 '' through a secondary part element 72 '' is formed.

So that is the actuator 50 both in the azimuthal direction 76 as well as in the longitudinal axis 54 parallel direction 78 with successively arranged magnetic poles 74 '' provided which overall the secondary part structure 70 '' form.

The secondary structure 70 '' However, it does not necessarily have to have rectangular magnetic poles 74 '' have, but can also be designed with differently shaped magnetic poles, each symme tric to crossing points M one both in the azimuthal direction 76 as well in the direction 78 have uniform network structure, so that the crossing points M both in the azimuthal direction 76 as well as in the longitudinal direction 78 have the same distance from each other.

To drive such a secondary part structure 70 '' both in terms of a rotation about the longitudinal axis 54 as well as a shift in the longitudinal direction 78 are two primary substructures 80I and 80II intended.

Each of these primary part structures 80I and 80II includes magnetizable poles 84I respectively. 84II that are on a to the longitudinal axis 54 coaxial circular cylindrical surface such that, as in 7 shown in the development of the magnetizable poles 84I the primary part structure 80I parallel to each other and at an angle to the longitudinal direction 78 as well as obliquely to the azimuth direction 76 , for example along a connecting line between the center points M of the network structure in one direction 88I that run in the settlement at an acute angle with the longitudinal direction 78 and the azimuth direction 76 forms.

The poles 84I are also in one direction 89I sequentially arranged with alternating polarity.

The poles 84 thus act on the magnetic poles opposite them 74 " so that one pole 84I the primary part structure 80I with a series of in the direction 88I successive magnetic poles 74II the abutment structure 70 '' interacts, causing the actuator 50 a force F in the direction 89I acts in a force FL which is parallel to the longitudinal direction 78 and a force FA which is parallel to the azimuthal direction 76 works, can be dismantled.

The abutment structure 80II is designed in a similar manner to the secondary part structure 80I , but with the difference that the directions 88II and 89II across the directions 88I and 89I run and thus the resulting force FII acts transversely to the force FI and thus the forces FLI and FLII and FAI and FAII are directed parallel to one another and can thus act in opposite or in the same direction.

By suitable control of the primary part structures 80I and 80II there is now the possibility to select the forces FI and FII so that they either cancel or supplement each other with regard to their components FAI and FAII and / or FII and FLII and thus a total rotation of the actuator 50 in the direction 76 and / or a linear displacement of the actuator 50 in that direction 78 cause.

The described solution according to 6 and 7 allows the actuator 50 to operate so that it rotates or is linearly displaceable in one direction. It is even more advantageous to have a total of four primary part structures 80I and 80II to provide corresponding primary part structures so that a total of forces FPI, -FPI, FPII, -FPII can be generated, with which a stationary actuator controlled by the direct drive can be realized, which actuator can also be held in this position by the direct drive.

In a fifth embodiment shown in 8th is the secondary structure 70 '' formed in the same way as in the fourth embodiment, but is also the primary part structure 80 '' trained accordingly, that is, in the development checkerboard arranged side by side primary elements 82 '' are provided, which each have individual magnetizable poles 84 '' form that then both in the direction 78 as well in the direction 76 successive rows with alternating magnetization 84''N and 84 ''S form.

The individual primary part elements 82 '' are thus individually controllable in a suitable manner to the actuator 50 in that direction 76 , in the form of a rotation around the longitudinal axis 54 and / or a linear movement in the direction 78 , that is parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 , to move.

In this embodiment, it is not necessary that the secondary structure 70 '' about the primary part structure 80 '' extends, but it is due to the individual control of the primary part elements 82 '' also possible the secondary section structure 70 '' with a shorter extension in the direction 78 train as the primary part structure 80 '' ,

Drawn solution according to 8th works even better if the pole pitch of the primary part structure 80 '' in the azimuth direction 76 and the longitudinal direction 78 be smaller than the pole pitch of the secondary section structure 70 '' ,

In a sixth embodiment of a drive unit according to the invention, shown in 9 , Those elements which are identical to those of the first exemplary embodiments are provided with the same reference numerals, so that with regard to the same reference is made to the statements relating to the preceding exemplary embodiments.

In contrast to the above exemplary embodiments, they have on the actuator 50 provided storage space 62 ' of the camp 56 as well as the storage areas 66 ' of the camp 58 a diameter that that of the lateral surface 60 '' the abutment structure 70 '' corresponds, so that there is also the possibility of using the secondary part structure 70 '' area of the actuator in the bearing mounts 64 drive in to the maximum possible feed path V of the actuator 50 to realize. This also eliminates the need for a distance between the bearings 56 . 58 facing ends 81 the primary part structure 80 '' , so that the inventory 64 . 68 directly to the primary part structure 80 '' can connect.

In connection with those described so far embodiments only the type of drive of the actuator was shown.

However, in order to both the rotary direct drive 90 as well as the linear translational direct drive 90 To be able to control exactly, it is for the control 40 required the position of the actuator 50 in the azimuth direction 76 and in parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 trending direction 78 exactly to capture the direct drives 90 to be able to operate by position control.

In a first embodiment of a position detection device according to the invention 100 , shown in 10 , is a first position detection unit 110 provided, which is preferably coaxial to the longitudinal sleeve 54 a position of a middle area 112 one face 114 of the actuator 50 detects which is the end face, for example, the chuck 18 or the turret carrier 30 is arranged opposite. For example, the first position detection unit 110 designed to interferometrically measure the distance to the area 112 detected.

But it would also be conceivable coaxial to the longitudinal axis 54 one firmly with the actuator 50 connected glass scale to be provided with the actuator 50 is rotatable and its displacement in the direction 78 through a variant of the first position detection unit 110 is detectable.

In addition, at least one second position detection unit 120 provided which has a position detection structure 122 on the front 114 of the actuator 50 detected. The second position detection unit is preferred 120 formed so that it is capable of the position detection structure 122 in different positions of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 and regardless of these positions of the actuator 50 to be detected, so that by scanning the position detection structure 122 , for example of structural elements 124 with different reflectivity optically through the second position detection unit 120 , the rotational position of the actuator 50 constantly and regardless of the displacement of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 is detectable.

In a second exemplary embodiment of a position detection device according to the invention 100 ' is both a movement in the azimuth direction 76 as well as a movement in the longitudinal direction 78 thereby detectable that on one in the azimuthal direction 76 and the longitudinal direction 78 and coaxial to the longitudinal axis 54 trending cylinder surface 130 the location detection structure 122 ' with structural elements 132 is provided, which is detectable from between the structural elements 132 lying intermediate areas 134 distinguish and by a transition area 136 , in the simplest case, an edge opposite the areas surrounding it 134 are delimited. The structural elements 132 can differentiate themselves from the areas surrounding them 134 be distinguishable. In the simplest case, the structural elements 132 towards the areas surrounding it 134 Elevations or depressions that can be detected optically or inductively or capacitively, for example.

To do both a movement in the azimuth direction 76 as well as in the longitudinal direction 78 To be able to record, a scanning is carried out by the structural elements 132 and the areas surrounding it 134 formed position detection structure 122 ' for example by the position detection unit 120 ' by means of simultaneous scanning of three touch points TP1, TP2, TP3, the touch points TP1 to TP3 being to be created in such a pattern relative to one another that when the touch point TP1 is on one of the structural elements 132 lies, the touch points TP2 and TP3 in the structure elements 132 surrounding areas 134 lie and so that the touch point TP2 in the longitudinal direction 78 is shifted relative to the touch point TP2 and the touch point TP3 in the azimuthal direction 76 is shifted from the tactile point -TP1, as in 11 shown.

With the described arrangement of the tactile points TP1 to TP3, the actuator moves 50 and thus the cylinder surface 130 in that direction 78 , the touch point TP3 moves between the structure elements 132 through without the position detection unit 120 ' Changes, especially in transition areas 136 , while the tactile points TP1 and TP2 each have a structural element 132 surrounding area 134 on the structural elements 132 pass and again from this to the structural element 132 surrounding area 134 and thus the transition areas 136 continuously run through and consequently at the touch points TP1 and TP2 constantly changes according to the distance of the structural elements 132 and the movement of the actuator 50 in that direction 78 be determined.

Are thus in the position detection structure 122 ' the structural elements 132 on the one hand in the azimuthal direction 76 and on the other hand in the longitudinal direction 78 Arranged successively in the form of a regular grid, a position detection unit can 120 ' the position detection device 100 ' according to the second exemplary embodiment, by the changes at the tactile points TP1 to TP3, recognize that the actuator 50 in the direction 78 emotional.

On the other hand, the actuator moves 50 in the sense of a rotation around the longitudinal axis 54 , no change will be ascertained at the tactile point TP2, while changes always occur successively at the tactile points TP1 and TP3 and thus the position detection device 100 ' able to move in the azimuth direction 76 to recognize.

In the same way, superimposed movements can also be made in the azimuth direction 76 and in the longitudinal direction 78 be recognized.

Such structural elements 132 can be designed in a wide variety of ways. As in 12 shown, there is the possibility of the structural elements 132 form as cubes, which are opposite to the areas surrounding them 134 stand out, the structural elements designed as cubes forming a surface 138 have whose edge lengths are A and B and the regions extending between the structural elements are at a distance a in the direction of the edge length A and a distance b from one another in the direction of the edge length B, the distance a preferably being equal to the edge length A and the distance b being equal the edge length B is.

In one variant, shown in 13 , are the structural elements 132 ' formed as a pyramid body, which, for example, can also adjoin one another with their base areas, so that the pyramid body 132 ' surrounding areas 134 ultimately only have a linear extension.

In a third variant shown in 14 , are the structural elements 132 '' Wells, which are based on a surrounding area 134 '' in which the area 130 stretch educational material into it.

Alternatively, it is as in 15 represented conceivably, instead of a regular structure with structural elements 124 or 132 to provide a stochastic structure, the stochastic pattern of which is then provided, for example, by its position detection unit provided with a camera 120 '' recorded and compared with a stored pattern of the stochastic structure to exactly the position of the position detection structure 122 ' with a stochastic pattern relative to the position detection unit 120 '' to be able to determine.

The arrangement of the position detection structure 122 or 122 ' on the actuator 50 can be done in many different ways. For example - as in 15 shown - conceivable, the position detection structure 122 ' in a central area of the actuator 50 to be provided, for example in an area in which the position detection structure 122 ' both partially the first abutment structure 70A as well as partially the second secondary structure 70L overlaps, the position detection unit 120 ' is arranged so that it on the stator housing 52 ' between the first primary part structure 80R and the second primary part structure 80L is arranged and is thus able to position detection structure 122 ' in one between the primary substructures 80R and 80L to detect the area accessible for detection.

Because the location detection structure 122 ' towards the surface 130 only deviations in the range of less than 1 mm, the position detection structure can be arranged so that it the secondary part structures 70R and 70L spreads without negatively affecting their effectiveness. It is also possible to use the position detection structure 122 ' to be arranged so that parts of it - depending on the position of the actuator 50 either from the primary part structure 80R or the primary part structure 80L are surrounded without the interaction between the respective primary part structure 80R . 80L and the corresponding secondary part structure 70R respectively. 70L to disrupt or an air gap between the respective primary structure 80R . 80L and the corresponding secondary part structure 70R respectively. 70L to affect negatively.

Another, in 17 illustrated embodiment, which according to the structure of the primary part structure according to the fifth embodiment 8th is the position detection structure 122 ' in an area of the secondary section structure 70 '' arranged, which of the primary part structure 80 '' is deliberately enclosed and the primary part structure 80 '' only comprises a recess around the position detection unit 120 ' so that they can be arranged in all positions of the actuator 50 , especially in all positions of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 is capable of the position detection structure 122 ' capture.

In another embodiment, shown in 18 the fact that the actuator 50 has a significantly large diameter, exploited in that the actuator 50 with one from the front 114 extending into this and an interior 148 enclosing recess 150 provided, their to the central axis 54 coaxial cylindrical wall surface 152 the cylinder surface 130 forms on which the position detection structure 122 ' is arranged. The position detection unit 120 ' is on one arm 154 arranged, which is in the recess 150 and thus the position detection unit 100 ' positioned so that it is independent of the displacement of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 and also regardless of the rotation of the actuator 50 in the azimuth direction 76 is still capable of structural elements 132 the position detection structure 122 ' as well as these surrounding areas 134 to detect and thus both the position of the actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction 78 as well as the corresponding rotational position of the actuator 50 capture.

Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible, as in 19 shown, the position detection structure 122 ' with the position detection unit 120 ' to be detected, but additionally an additional position detection unit 110 ' to provide, which also the position of the actuator 50 in that direction 78 precisely detected in order to clearly detect the rotational position of the actuator 50 around the longitudinal axis 54 from the movement of the actuator 50 in the direction 78 to be able to separate.

Claims (50)

Drive unit for machine tools comprising a bearing housing ( 52 ), one in the direction of a longitudinal axis ( 54 ) extend jerking actuator ( 50 ), which in two in one to the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) parallel longitudinal direction ( 78 ) spaced from each other and on the bearing housing ( 52 ) held bearings ( 56 . 58 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) relative to the bearing housing ( 52 ) movable and around the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) relative to the bearing housing ( 52 ) is rotatably mounted, characterized in that on the actuator ( 50 ) Secondary section elements ( 72 ) for a rotary linear drive of the actuator ( 50 ) around the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) as well as for a linear linear drive ( 78 ) are arranged, which at least partially have a secondary part structure effective for rotary drive ( 70R ) form and at least in part a secondary part structure effective for translational drive ( 70C ) form that around the actuator ( 50 ) around primary part elements ( 82 ) for the rotary linear drive of the actuator ( 50 ) around the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) and for the translational linear drive of the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) are arranged, which at least partially have a rotating primary part structure ( 80R ) form and at least partly a translational primary part structure ( 80C ) form. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary part elements ( 72 ) Include magnets. Drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary part elements ( 72 ) include de-energized windings. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotationally active secondary part structure ( 70R ) Secondary section elements ( 72R ) with in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) stripe-shaped magnetic poles ( 74R ) having. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear translatory secondary part structure ( 70R ) Secondary section elements with transverse to the longitudinal direction ( 72C ) running magnetic poles ( 74C ) having. Drive unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the secondary part elements ( 72C ) in an azimuth direction ( 76 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) Gradually formed magnetic poles ( 74C ) include. Drive unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the secondary part structure ( 70 ' ) magnetic poles arranged in a two-dimensional surface pattern ( 74 ) of secondary part elements ( 72 ), both in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) as well as in an azimuthal direction ( 76 ) several are arranged in succession. Drive unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the magnetic poles ( 74 ) of the secondary section elements ( 72 ' ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) and the azimuth direction ( 76 ) only over a fraction of less than a tenth of the extent of the secondary part structure ( 70 ' ) in the respective direction ( 78 . 76 ) extend. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotationally effective primary part structure ( 80R ) Primary part elements ( 82 ) with in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) and through a coil ( 86 ) magnetizable poles ( 84 ) exhibit. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the translational primary part structure ( 80L ) Primary part elements ( 82 ) with transverse to the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) and through a coil ( 86L ) magnetizable poles ( 84 ) having. Drive unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the primary part elements ( 82L ) ring-shaped around the actuator ( 50 ) running poles ( 84L ) exhibit. Drive unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the annular poles ( 84L ) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) running levels. Drive unit according to claim 12, characterized in that the annular poles ( 84L ) obliquely to the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) run. Drive unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the primary part structure ( 80 '' ) primary part elements arranged in a two-dimensional surface pattern ( 82 '' ), each with a coil ( 86 '' ) magnetizable poles ( 84 '' ) include both in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) as well as in the azimuthal direction ( 76 ) several are arranged in succession. Drive unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the primary part elements extend in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) and the azimuth direction ( 76 ) only over a fraction of less than a tenth of the extent of the primary part structure ( 80 ) in the respective direction ( 76 . 78 ) extend. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary part structure ( 70 ) has an extension (A) in the longitudinal direction that extends at least by a maximum feed path (V) of the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) greater than the extent (E) of the primary part structure interacting with this ( 80 ) is. Drive unit according to claim 16, characterized in that the rotary ( 80R ) and the linear translational primary part structure ( 80L ) with their ends facing each other ( 79 ) are arranged at a distance from each other that is at least the maximum feed path (V) of the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) corresponds. Drive unit according to claim 17, characterized in that the rotary secondary part structure ( 70R ) and the linear translational secondary structure ( 70C ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) essentially connect to each other. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distance between a bearing ( 56 . 58 ) facing side ( 81 ) a primary part structure ( 80 ) and the respective bearing at least the maximum feed path (V) of the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) corresponds. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator ( 50 ) to the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) rotationally symmetrical lateral surfaces ( 60 ) having. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator ( 50 ) to the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) rotationally symmetrical bearing surfaces ( 62 . 66 ), which is in inventory ( 64 . 68 ) the storage ( 56 . 58 ) are performed. Drive unit according to claim 20, characterized in that the lateral surfaces ( 60 ) in the area of secondary part structures ( 70 ) are formed coaxially to the bearing surfaces. Drive unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the lateral surface ( 60 ) in the area of the secondary part structure ( 70 ) one with at least one storage area ( 62 . 66 ) has an identical radius. Drive unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the lateral surfaces ( 60 ) the same radius as both bearing surfaces ( 62 . 66 ) exhibit. Drive unit according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the bearing surfaces ( 62 . 66 ) at least partially the secondary part structure ( 70 ) spread. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control ( 40 ) for positioning the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) and the azimuth direction ( 76 ) is provided. Drive unit according to claim 26, characterized in that the control ( 40 ) a position detection device ( 100 ) includes. Drive unit according to claim 27, characterized in that the position detection device ( 100 ) a position detection unit ( 110 . 120 ) and one from the position detection unit ( 120 ) scannable position detection structure ( 122 ) includes. Drive unit according to claim 28, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) with the actuator ( 50 ) is connected and that the position detection unit ( 120 ) on the bearing housing ( 52 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) the azimuth direction ( 76 ) extends. Drive unit according to claim 30, characterized in that the bearing detection structure ( 122 ) than in the azimuth direction ( 76 ) closed structure is formed. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the bearing detection structure ( 122 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) extends. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on one around the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) circumferential surface ( 114 . 130 . 152 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on a cylindrical to the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) running surface ( 130 . 152 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on a cylinder surface of the actuator ( 50 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) running surface ( 114 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 36, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) in an interior ( 148 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 36, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on an outside ( 60 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) on a lateral surface ( 60 ) of the actuator ( 50 ) is arranged. Drive unit according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) at least partly about the secondary part structure ( 70 ) stretched away. Drive unit according to claim 40, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) about the rotationally effective and the linear translationally effective secondary part structure ( 70 ) stretched away. Drive unit according to one of claims 40, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) Structural bodies arranged in a regular pattern ( 124 . 132 ) having. Drive unit according to claim 42, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) identical structural bodies ( 124 . 132 ) having. Drive unit according to claim 43, characterized in that the structural body ( 132 ) with spaces between them ( 134 ) are arranged. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 41, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) has a stochastic surface pattern. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 45, characterized in that the position detection structure ( 122 ) by at least one sensor of the position detection unit ( 120 ' ) with which a rotation angle of the actuator ( 50 ) around the longitudinal axis ( 54 ) is detectable. Drive unit according to one of claims 28 to 46, characterized in that the bearing structure ( 122 ) by at least one sensor of the position detection unit ( 120 ) can be scanned with which a linear translational movement in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) is detectable. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotationally effective primary part structure ( 80 ) by the controller ( 40 ) with regard to the rotary position of the actuator ( 50 ) relative to the bearing housing ( 52 ) can be controlled by means of a position control. Drive unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear translational primary part structure ( 80 ) by the controller ( 40 ) regarding the linear position of the actuator ( 50 ) in the longitudinal direction ( 78 ) relative to the bearing housing ( 52 ) can be controlled by means of a position control. Drive unit according to claim 48, 49, characterized in that the position control for the linear translational position of the actuator ( 50 ) relative to the bearing housing ( 52 ) and the position control for the rotational position of the actuator ( 50 ) work parallel to the bearing housing.