DE10260709B3 - Method and device for influencing combustion processes in fuels - Google Patents
Method and device for influencing combustion processes in fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10260709B3 DE10260709B3 DE10260709A DE10260709A DE10260709B3 DE 10260709 B3 DE10260709 B3 DE 10260709B3 DE 10260709 A DE10260709 A DE 10260709A DE 10260709 A DE10260709 A DE 10260709A DE 10260709 B3 DE10260709 B3 DE 10260709B3
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- flame
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- ion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
- F23N5/245—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electrical or electromechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
- F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
Bekannt ist es, elektrische Mittel zur Führung und/oder Änderung einer Flamme einzusetzen. Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Flamme der Einwirkung eines elektrischen Feldes ausgesetzt, wobei durch die Isolierstoffhülle (5) aus ionenleitendem Material der Ladungstransport zwischen Flamme (2) und felderzeugender Elektrode (7, 9) unterbunden wird.It is known to use electrical means for guiding and / or changing a flame. According to the invention, the flame is exposed to the action of an electric field, the charge transport between flame (2) and field-generating electrode (7, 9) being prevented by the insulating material cover (5) made of ion-conducting material.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Beeinflussung von Verbrennungsvorgängen bei Brennstoffen, bei dem elektrische Mittel zur Führung und/oder Änderung einer Flamme an einem Brenner eingesetzt werden entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Daneben bezieht sich die Erfindung auch auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens unter Verwendung von stabilisierenden und/oder schadstoffmindernden Mitteln zur Beeinflussung der Flamme beim Verbrennungsvorgang, wobei die Mittel felderzeugende Elektroden am Brenner aufweisen.The invention relates to a Process for influencing combustion processes with fuels, at the electrical means for guidance and / or change a flame on a burner can be used according to the Preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates also on a device for performing the method Use of stabilizing and / or pollutant reducing agents Influencing the flame during the combustion process, the means have field-generating electrodes on the burner.
Die vorteilhaften Einflüsse, die elektrische Felder auf Verbrennungsflammen haben können, sind im Grundsatz seit langem bekannt. Gemäß den Veröffentlichungen
- – Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 43 (1951), Seiten 2726 bis 2731,
- – 12th Annual energy-sources technology conf. (1989), Seiten 25 bis 31 und
- – AIAA Journal 23 (1985), Seiten 1452 bis 1454 bestehen die Wirkungen des elektrischen Feldes in einer Verbesserung der Stabilität der Flamme. Gemäß
- – Combust. Flame 78 (1989), Seiten 357 bis 364 und
- – Combust. Flame 119 (1999), Seiten 356 bis 366 ist eine Verringerung der Rußemission und gemäß
- – Fossil Fuel Combustion, ASME 1991, Seiten 71 bis 75 und
- – Fluid Dynamics 30 (1995), Seiten 166 bis 174 eine Verminderung der Emission gasförmiger Schadstoffe gegeben.
- - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 43 (1951), pages 2726 to 2731,
- - 12 th Annual energy-sources technology conf. (1989), pages 25 to 31 and
- - AIAA Journal 23 (1985), pages 1452 to 1454, the effects of the electric field consist in an improvement in the stability of the flame. According to
- - Combust. Flame 78 (1989), pages 357 to 364 and
- - Combust. Flame 119 (1999), pages 356 to 366 is a reduction in soot emissions and according to
- - Fossil Fuel Combustion, ASME 1991, pages 71 to 75 and
- - Fluid Dynamics 30 (1995), pages 166 to 174 given a reduction in the emission of gaseous pollutants.
Aus Combust. Flame 55 (1984), Seiten 53 bis 58 ist es auch bekannt, Verbrennungsvorgänge durch elektrische Entladungen, insbesondere Corona-Entladungen zu beeinflussen. Auch hier soll eine Verbesserung der Flammenstabilität und eine Verminderung der Schadstoffemission resultieren. Eine technische Anwendung der genannten Effekte wird in der WO 96/01394 A1 beschrieben. Allen oben beschriebenen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass die Elektroden, die benötigt werden, um das elektrische Feld oder eine Entladung in der Flamme zu erzeugen, in direktem Kontakt mit der Flamme stehen und zwar in dem Sinne, dass Ladungsträger aus der Flamme ungehindert auf die Elektroden gelangen können.From Combust. Flame 55 (1984), pages 53 to 58 it is also known to cause combustion processes by electrical discharges, in particular to influence corona discharges. Here too an improvement in flame stability and a decrease in Pollutant emissions result. A technical application of the above Effects are described in WO 96/01394 A1. All of the above Procedure is common that the electrodes that are needed to create the electric field or a discharge in the flame be in direct contact with the flame in the sense that load carrier can freely reach the electrodes from the flame.
Der Einfluss elektrischer Felder auf Flammen beruht darauf, dass auf die in der Flamme vorhandenen oder die dort durch eine Entladung erzeugten Ladungsträger Kräfte ausgeübt werden, welche die Ladungsträger verschieben. Dies ist gleichbedeutend damit, dass ein elektrischer Strom fließt. Im Umkehrschluss ist die Beeinflussung einer Flamme durch ein elektrisches Feld oder eine elektrische Entladung nicht möglich, wenn kein Strom fließen kann.The influence of electrical fields on flames is based on that existing in the flame or the charge carriers generated there by a discharge are exerted, which are the charge carriers move. This is equivalent to being an electrical one Electricity flows. Conversely, the influence of a flame by an electrical one Field or electrical discharge not possible if no current can flow.
Untersuchungen bei der Anmelderin haben gezeigt, dass zur Beeinflussung von Flammen technischer Dimensionen, d.h. bei Heizleistungen im Bereich oberhalb 1kW, elektrische Feldstärken notwendig sind, die wegen der in der Flamme induzierten Gasentladungen elektrische Leistungen erfordern, welche die Anwendung des Verfahrens unwirtschaftlich oder technisch unmöglich machen. Im Extremfall kommt es zur Ausbildung eines Lichtbogens innerhalb der Flamme. Dies gilt vor allem für elektrische Gleichfelder. Es kann jedoch auch bei der dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Anwendung elektrischer Wechselfelder oder gepulster elektrischer Felder zur Ausbildung unzulässiger stromstarker Entladungen kommen.Investigations by the applicant have shown that to influence flames technical dimensions, i.e. with heating powers in the range above 1kW, electrical field strengths necessary are electrical because of the gas discharges induced in the flame Services require which make the application of the process uneconomical or technically impossible do. In extreme cases, an arc is formed within the flame. This applies above all to DC electrical fields. However, it can also be used in the state of the art Use of alternating electrical fields or pulsed electrical Fields for training inadmissible high-current discharges come.
In der
Gleiches ergibt sich im Prinzip auch
aus der
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an
einer Vorrichtung nach dem Prinzip der
Davon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein verbessertes Verfahren anzugeben und die zugehörige Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit denen die Verbrennungsvorgänge in wirtschaftlicher Weise positiv beeinflusst werden können.Based on this, it is the task of Invention to provide an improved method and the associated device to create with which the combustion processes in an economical manner can be positively influenced.
Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die Maßnahmen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Eine zugehörige Vorrichtung ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruches 7. Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens und/oder der zugehörigen Vorrichtung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by the measures of claim 1 solved. A related one Device is the subject of claim 7. Further developments of the method and / or the associated device are in the dependent claims specified.
Bei der Erfindung werden die Flamme und die Elektroden durch einen ionenleitenden Stoff getrennt, wodurch der Ladungsträgertransport begrenzt wird. Dabei erfolgt die Begrenzung des Ladungsträgertransportes vorteilhafterweise temperaturabhängig, da der Übergang vom isolierenden Zustand in den leitenden Zustand temperaturabhängig ist.In the invention, the flame and the electrodes are separated by an ion-conducting substance, whereby the load carrier transport is limited. This limits the transport of load carriers advantageously temperature-dependent, since the transition is temperature-dependent from the insulating state to the conductive state.
Mit der Erfindung lässt sich die Flamme beeinflussen, ohne dass unzulässig hohe, zu einer technisch oder wirtschaftlich nicht vertretbaren Leistungsaufnahme führende Ströme in der zu beeinflussenden Flamme auftreten. Bei der Einwirkung des elektrischen Feldes auf die Flamme wird der Ladungsträgertransport zwischen Flamme und Elektroden begrenzt und das Auftreten selbständiger Entladungen, insbesondere von Lichtbögen, vermieden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine stabilisierende und/oder schadstoffreduzierende Wirkung.With the invention affect the flame, without being impermissibly high, to a technical level or economically unacceptable power consumption leading currents in the flame to be influenced occur. When exposed to electrical Field on the flame is the charge carrier transport between the flame and electrodes limited and the occurrence of independent discharges, in particular of arcs, avoided. This results in a stabilizing and / or pollutant reducing Effect.
Die angegebenen Auswirkungen werden bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dadurch realisiert, dass die Flamme und mindestens eine der zur Felderzeugung nötigen Elektroden durch einen ionenleitenden Isolierstoff voneinander getrennt werden, wodurch Ladungsträger aus der Flamme nicht auf die so isolierte Elektrode gelangen können. Als ionenleitendes Material wird entweder Aluminiumoxid oder insbesondere ein mit Zusätzen stabilisiertes Zirkoniumoxid verwendet. Solche Zusätze sind insbesondere Yttriumoxid.The stated effects will be in a device according to the invention realized that the flame and at least one of the fields force Electrodes separated from each other by an ion-conducting insulating material become, causing charge carriers cannot get out of the flame onto the insulated electrode. As an ion conductor Material becomes either aluminum oxide or in particular a zirconium oxide stabilized with additives used. Such additions are especially yttrium oxide.
Zusätzliche Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich, wenn dem System Sensoren und Regelvorrichtungen zugeordnet werden, die die an den Elektroden anliegende Spannung so steuern, dass der Verbrennungsprozess in gewünschter Weise beeinflusst wird. Vorteilhafterweise sind Sensoren vorhanden, von denen einer die Frequenz etwa vorhandener Verbrennungsschwingungen und ein anderer die Schadstoffkonzentration misst. Sensoren liefern das Eingangssignal zu einer Regelungseinheit, die Frequenz, Amplitude und Phase der an die Elektroden angelegten Spannung so steuert, dass die Verbrennungsschwingungen minimiert werden.Additional advantages of the invention arise when sensors and control devices are assigned to the system that control the voltage applied to the electrodes so that the combustion process is influenced in the desired way. Advantageously, sensors are available, one of which is the Frequency of any existing combustion vibrations and another measures the pollutant concentration. Sensors supply the input signal to a control unit, the frequency, amplitude and phase of the voltage applied to the electrodes controls so that the combustion vibrations be minimized.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten
der Erfindung ergeben sich aus nachfolgender Figurenbeschreibung
anhand der Zeichnung in Verbindung mit den Patentansprüchen. Die
In den Figuren haben gleiche oder gleich wirkende Teile gleiche Bezugszeichen. Die Figuren werden nachfolgend teilweise gemeinsam beschrieben.In the figures have the same or parts with the same effect have the same reference numerals. The figures are partially described below together.
Gemäß
Ein Stoff mit derartigen Eigenschaften ist insbesondere Aluminiumoxid oder mit Zusätzen stabilisiertes Zirkoniumoxid, die ionenleitende Eigenschaften haben. Insbesondere der zweitgenannte Stoff wird bei festelektrolytkeramischen Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen, die auch als SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) bekannt sind, verwendet. Dort ermöglicht dieses Material den Ladungsträgertransport – in diesem Fall über den ionenleitenden Elektrolyten – bei hinreichend hohen Temperaturen.A substance with such properties is in particular aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide stabilized with additives, which have ion-conducting properties. Especially the second one Material is used in solid electrolyte ceramic high-temperature fuel cells, also known as SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). There this enables Material the charge carrier transport - in this Case over the ion-conducting electrolyte - at sufficiently high temperatures.
In
Eine weitere Elektrode
In den Ausführungsbeispielen der
Die in den einzelnen Figuren beispielhaft als torusförmige Ringelektroden oder auch als Zylinderelektroden dargestellten Elektroden können auch in anderer geeigneter Gestalt ausgeführt sein. Insbesondere können die Elektroden aus Folien bestehen und auf die Isolierstoffhülle aufgeklebt sein. Ferner können die Elektroden auf die Isolierstoffumhüllung mittels geeigneter Verfahren aufgedampft oder aufgespritzt werden.The examples in the individual figures as toroidal ring electrodes or as a cylinder Electrodes shown electrodes can also be designed in another suitable shape. In particular, the electrodes can consist of foils and be glued to the insulating material cover. Furthermore, the electrodes can be evaporated or sprayed onto the insulating material covering by means of suitable methods.
In den Figuren sind die Elektroden
Die Isolierstoffumhüllung
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der
Statt des gasförmigen Brennstoffes können auch Feststoffe in der gleichen Weise behandelt werden. Wesentlich ist hierbei, dass über dem Festbrennstoff, der sich im Normalfall auf einem Rost befindet, kleinere Flammen bilden, die als sogenannte Flamelets bezeichnet werden und die im oben beschriebenen Sinne beeinflusst werden.Instead of the gaseous fuel, too Solids are treated in the same way. Is essential here that about solid fuel, which is normally on a grate, form smaller flames called flamelets and are influenced in the sense described above.
Der wesentliche Vorteil der anhand der einzelnen Figuren beschriebenen Anordnungen besteht darin, dass der Strom durch die Flamme zwar ausreicht, um schadstoffmindernde und stabilisierende Effekte zu bewirken, jedoch immer soweit begrenzt bleibt, dass der Aufbau einer strom- und leistungsstarken Entladung ausgeschlossen ist.The main advantage of using The arrangements described in the individual figures are that the current through the flame is sufficient to reduce pollutants and to have stabilizing effects, but always remains as limited as possible, that the establishment of a current and powerful discharge is excluded is.
Zur Komplettierung der in den Figuren dargestellten Beispiele lassen sich dem System Sensoren und Regelungsvorrichtungen zuordnen: Ein erster Sensor erfasst die Frequenz und/oder Amplitude etwa vorhandener Verbrennungs-Schwingungen. Ein zweiter Sensor misst die Schadstoffkonzentration im Abgasstrom der Flamme. Die Sensoren liefern Eingangssignale zu einer Regelungseinheit, welche die an den Elektroden anliegende Gleichspannung und Frequenz, Amplitude und Phase einer der Gleichspannung etwa überlagerten Wechsel- oder Impulsspannung derart steuert bzw. regelt, dass die Verbrennungsschwingungen und die Schadstoffkonzentration im Abgas minimal wird.To complete the in the figures Examples shown can be the system sensors and control devices assign: A first sensor detects the frequency and / or amplitude existing combustion vibrations. A second sensor measures the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas flow of the flame. The sensors deliver input signals to a control unit, which the DC voltage and frequency, amplitude applied to the electrodes and phase of an alternating or pulse voltage superimposed on the direct voltage controls in such a way that the combustion vibrations and the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas becomes minimal.
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10260709A DE10260709B3 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Method and device for influencing combustion processes in fuels |
EP03785570A EP1576315A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-12 | Method and device for influencing combustion processes of fuels |
US10/540,253 US20070020567A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-12 | Method and device for influencing combution processes of fuels |
PCT/DE2003/004121 WO2004059209A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-12-12 | Method and device for influencing combustion processes of fuels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10260709A DE10260709B3 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Method and device for influencing combustion processes in fuels |
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DE10260709B3 true DE10260709B3 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
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DE10260709A Expired - Fee Related DE10260709B3 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Method and device for influencing combustion processes in fuels |
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US (1) | US20070020567A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1576315A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10260709B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004059209A1 (en) |
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EP0212379B1 (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1990-06-27 | Till Keesmann | Device for improving combustion in combustion plants |
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Also Published As
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US20070020567A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
EP1576315A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
WO2004059209A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
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