DE10244151A1 - Coated hollow camshaft - Google Patents
Coated hollow camshaft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10244151A1 DE10244151A1 DE10244151A DE10244151A DE10244151A1 DE 10244151 A1 DE10244151 A1 DE 10244151A1 DE 10244151 A DE10244151 A DE 10244151A DE 10244151 A DE10244151 A DE 10244151A DE 10244151 A1 DE10244151 A1 DE 10244151A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ihu
- camshaft
- ceramic
- coated
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
- F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Noodles (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technisches Anwendungsgebiettechnical field of use
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Nockenwelle, vorzugsweise für Motoren von Kraftfahrzeugen. Es können auch Elemente sein, die eine Rotationsbewegung in eine Hubbewegung umsetzen, indem die Hubelemente auf rotierenden Scheiben mit unterschiedlicher Krümmung laufen und entgegen der Drehrichtung bewegt werden.The invention relates to a camshaft, preferably for Motors for automobiles. It can also be elements that convert a rotational movement into a lifting movement by the lifting elements run on rotating disks with different curvature and be moved against the direction of rotation.
Stand der Technik, Nachteile des Standes der Technik Der gegenwärtige Stand der Prozesse zur Nockenwellenfertigung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass noch überwiegend Schalenhartgusswellen, die aber teilweise nachträglich ausgebohrt werden oder auch hohl gegossen sind, in der Großserie eingesetzt werden. Für höhere Festigkeitsanforderungen gibt es geschmiedete Varianten. Die am Markt eingeführten Verfahren der als massiv bezeichneten Nockenwellen dominieren wegen des Preises, dem vertretbarem technischen Kompromiss, sowie langjährigen Erfahrungen bei der Massenfertigung.State of the art, disadvantages of State of the art The current The state of the processes for camshaft production is characterized by that still predominantly Shell cast iron shafts, which are partially drilled out later or are also cast hollow, are used in large series. For higher strength requirements there are forged variants. The procedures introduced on the market of the massive camshafts dominate because of the price, the reasonable technical compromise, as well as many years of experience in mass production.
Vorzugsweise im Bereich der Rollenschlepphebelsysteme eingesetzt, beginnen sich gebaute Nockenwellen durchzusetzen. Die Fixierung der Nocken auf der Welle erfolgt beispielsweise durch Aufpressen oder und durch partielles Aufweiten des Wellenkörpers direkt unter dem Nocken. Dabei werden die Nocken einzeln und nacheinander mit der Welle verbunden. Trotz der Grenzen in der konstruktiven Gestaltungsfreiheit und der lediglich kraft- oder formschlüssigen Verbindung der Nocken mit der Welle sowie den relativ hohen Kosten verglichen mit der konventionellen Gusswelle (ca. 30 Prozent höher), kommen die gebauten Nockenwellen überall dort zum Einsatz, wo der Werkstoff Guss seine technischen Grenzen erreicht hat. Die derzeit realisierte Masseneinsparung gegenüber massiv gegossenen Nockenwellen liegt bei 20-40 Prozent.Preferably in the area of roller rocker arm systems installed camshafts begin to prevail. The The cams are fixed on the shaft, for example, by Press on or and by partially expanding the shaft body directly under the cam. The cams are individually and one after the other connected to the shaft. Despite the limitations in the constructive Design freedom and the only non-positive or positive connection the cam compared to the shaft and the relatively high cost with the conventional cast shaft (approx. 30 percent higher) the built camshafts everywhere wherever the material cast has its technical limits has reached. The currently realized mass savings compared to massive cast camshafts is 20-40 percent.
Patentrechtlich ist der Stand der
Technik in
Die in
wie Keramiken nicht aufgetragen werden. Ebenso sind durch die Verwendung der Fülldrähte keine definierten Strukturen bei Schichten aus Kompositwerkstoffen wie Metallkeramiken (Hartmetallen) herstellbar.how ceramics are not applied. As well are none due to the use of the cored wire defined structures for layers made of composite materials such as Metal ceramics (hard metals) can be produced.
Zusätzliches Verbesserungspotenzial ist hinsichtlich einer weiteren Gewichtsreduzierung, der Verringerung der Reibungsverluste, des Verschleißes und der Fertigungskosten vorhanden. Die ersten beiden Punkte sind mit einer Abnahme des Kraftstoffverbrauches der entsprechenden Motoren verbunden.Additional potential for improvement is in terms of further weight loss, the reduction friction losses, wear and tear and manufacturing costs available. The first two points are with a decrease in fuel consumption of the corresponding motors connected.
Mit der Erfindung gelöste AufgabeWith the invention dissolved task
Mit der Erfindung werden folgende Aufgaben gelöst: With the invention, the following are Tasks solved:
– Aufbringen einer verschleißfesten Schicht auf die Nocken einer mittels IHU geformten Welle, ohne dass ein thermischen Verzug der Welle entsteht.- Apply one wear-resistant Layer on the cams of an IHU-shaped shaft without the shaft is thermally distorted.
– Gewichts- und Reibungsreduzierung durch den Einsatz verschleißfester keramischer, metallkeramischer und metallischer Schichten- weight and friction reduction through the use of more wear-resistant ceramic, metal-ceramic and metallic layers
Grundzüge des LösungswegesBasics of the solution
-
– Erzeugen
einer Nockenwelle mittels IHU analog zur Patentschrift
DE 199 07 258 C1 DE 196 22 372.5 DE 199 07 258 C1 DE 196 22 372.5 - – Die Schichtabscheidung erfolgt durch Verfahren, die im wesentlichen auf eine mechanische Verklammerung der Schicht auf der Unterlage beruhen und nur einen geringen thermischen Energieeintrag bewirken, vorzugsweise aus der Prozessgruppe des thermischen Spritzens (z. B. Plasmaspritzen, Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen [HVOF], u.a.)- The Layer deposition is done by procedures that are essentially mechanical clinging of the layer to the base based and cause only a low thermal energy input, preferably from the process group of thermal spraying (e.g. B. plasma spraying, high-speed flame spraying [HVOF], etc.)
- – Hohe Flexibilität durch den Einsatz verschiedenster Werkstoffe, die an die Anforderungen an die Nockenwelle in den unterschiedlichen Motoren angepasst werden können. Leicht möglicher Einsatz neuer Werkstoffe wie metallische, keramische oder metallkeramische bis zu 1,5 mm dicke Verschleißschutzschichten.- Height flexibility through the use of various materials that meet the requirements can be adapted to the camshaft in the different engines can. Light potential Use of new materials such as metallic, ceramic or metal-ceramic up to 1.5 mm thick wear protection layers.
- – Werkstoffbeispiele: Mo und Mo-selbstfließende Legierung als metallische Schichten, WC-Co, WC-CoCr, (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-NiCo als metallkeramische (Hartmetall-) Schichten, Al2O3-TiO2, Cr2O3, Tin–2Cr2O2n–1, als keramische Schichten- Material examples: Mo and Mo self-flowing alloy as metallic layers, WC-Co, WC-CoCr, (Ti, Mo) (C, N) -NiCo as metal-ceramic (hard metal) layers, Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Ti n – 2 Cr 2 O 2n – 1 , as ceramic layers
Erzeugte Verbesserungen und Vorteile gegenüber dem Stand der TechnikGenerated improvements and advantages over that State of the art
- – Ein Verziehen der Nockenwelle entfällt, d.h. ein nachträgliches Richten der Welle nicht erforderlich ist.- On Warping of the camshaft is eliminated, i.e. an afterthought Straightening the shaft is not necessary.
- – Durch den Einsatz neuer Werkstoffe (keramische oder metallkeramische bis 1,5 mm dicke Verschleißschutzschichten) werden die Verschleißfestigkeit und gleichzeitig auch die Reibungsverhältnisse auf dem Nocken verbessert. Der Einsatz keramischer Schichten bewirkt zusätzlich eine Gewichtreduzierung.- The use of new materials (ceramic or metal-ceramic wear protection layers up to 1.5 mm thick) improves the wear resistance and at the same time the friction on the cam. The use of ceramic layers causes additionally a weight reduction.
-
– Verminderung
der Fertigungs- und Materialkosten im Vergleich zum Einsatz von
Tragringen, z.B. aus 100 Cr5 gemäß
DE 199 09 184 C2 DE 199 09 184 C2
Ausführungsbeispielembodiment
Die Erfindung wird an folgendem Ausführungsbeispiel
erläutert:
Die
dazugehörige
Zeichnung zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Teil einer Nockenwelle mit
einem Nocken.The invention is explained using the following exemplary embodiment:
The accompanying drawing shows a section through part of a camshaft with a cam.
Beschichtet wurde eine durch IHU
hergestellte Einlassnockenwelle
Beschichtet wurden die Wellen mittels atmosphärischem Plasmaspritzen mit einer Anlage MF-P-1000 der Firma GTV mbH, Luckenbach. Als Beschichtungspulver wurde eine Metallkeramik (Hartmetall) (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-37% Ni,Co verwendet. Zum Spritzen wurde ein Ar/N2-Plasma (50 Umin Ar, 11 l/min H2) bei einer Stromstärke von 630 A verwendet. Der Spritzabstand betrug 110 mm. Nach dern Beschichten wurden die Nocken auf Endmaß geschliffen. Der Test der Nockenwellen erfolgte in einem speziellen Prüfstand mit einer Flächenpressung von 1400 N/mm2, einer Drehzahl von 3500 U/min, einer Öltemperatur von 100 °C und Motorenöl Esso Ultron SAE 5W40.The shafts were coated by means of atmospheric plasma spraying with an MF-P-1000 system from GTV mbH, Luckenbach. A metal ceramic (hard metal) (Ti, Mo) (C, N) -37% Ni, Co was used as the coating powder. An Ar / N 2 plasma (50 Umin Ar, 11 l / min H 2 ) at a current of 630 A was used for spraying. The spray distance was 110 mm. After coating, the cams were ground to their final dimensions. The camshafts were tested in a special test bench with a surface pressure of 1400 N / mm 2 , a speed of 3500 rpm, an oil temperature of 100 ° C and motor oil Esso Ultron SAE 5W40.
Dabei konnten nach einer Laufzeit von 500 Std. (übliche Testzeit) kein Schichtausfall (Pittingbildung) beobachtet werden.Here, after a term of 500 hours (usual Test time) no layer failure (pitting) was observed.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10244151A DE10244151A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2002-09-23 | Coated hollow camshaft |
ES03798177T ES2262023T3 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | A DEVICE FOR CONVERTING A MOVEMENT OF ROTATION IN A MOVEMENT OF TRANSFER; AS WELL AS A DEVICE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS PROCEDURE. |
EP03798177A EP1556585B1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Method for producing a device for converting a rotatory motion into a translatory motion, and a corresponding device produced according thereto |
DE50302979T DE50302979D1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING A ROTATORY MOVEMENT IN A TRANSLATORIC MOVEMENT AND DEVICE MADE THEREFOR |
AT03798177T ATE323216T1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DEVICE FOR CONVERTING A ROTATORY MOVEMENT INTO A TRANSLATORY MOVEMENT AND DEVICE PRODUCED THEREFROM |
AU2003275979A AU2003275979A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Method for producing a device for converting a rotatory motion into a translatory motion, and a corresponding device produced according thereto |
PCT/EP2003/010581 WO2004029421A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Method for producing a device for converting a rotatory motion into a translatory motion, and a corresponding device produced according thereto |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10244151A DE10244151A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2002-09-23 | Coated hollow camshaft |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10244151A1 true DE10244151A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
Family
ID=31983992
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10244151A Withdrawn DE10244151A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2002-09-23 | Coated hollow camshaft |
DE50302979T Expired - Lifetime DE50302979D1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING A ROTATORY MOVEMENT IN A TRANSLATORIC MOVEMENT AND DEVICE MADE THEREFOR |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE50302979T Expired - Lifetime DE50302979D1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING A ROTATORY MOVEMENT IN A TRANSLATORIC MOVEMENT AND DEVICE MADE THEREFOR |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1556585B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE323216T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003275979A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10244151A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2262023T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004029421A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005115658A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Camshaft and method for the production thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009025023A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh | Method for producing a camshaft and corresponding camshaft |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1082461B (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1960-05-25 | Maybach Motorenbau Gmbh | Shaft, especially camshaft |
GB859327A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1961-01-18 | Maybach Motorenbau Gmbh | Improvements in and relating to shafts |
DE3303629C2 (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1986-04-10 | Kokan Kako Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa | Method for manufacturing a camshaft with at least one eccentric cam |
DE3342316A1 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München | Camshaft for internal combustion engines |
DE19545991A1 (en) * | 1995-12-09 | 1997-06-12 | Eckel Gmbh & Co Kg Heinrich | Lightweight camshaft with at least partly non-cylindrical outer surface |
DE19617593A1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-01-29 | Haerle Hans A Dipl Ing | Hollow camshaft produced out of a length of pipe |
JPH11241605A (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-07 | Tube Foming Co Ltd | Hollow integrated cam shaft and manufacture thereof |
DE19907258C1 (en) * | 1999-02-21 | 2000-09-07 | Saechsische Elektronenstrahl G | Camshaft for motor vehicle engines |
DE20121375U1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-08-08 | Salzgitter Antriebstechnik Gmb | Camshaft designed as a hollow shaft |
-
2002
- 2002-09-23 DE DE10244151A patent/DE10244151A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-09-23 WO PCT/EP2003/010581 patent/WO2004029421A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-23 DE DE50302979T patent/DE50302979D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-23 AT AT03798177T patent/ATE323216T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-23 EP EP03798177A patent/EP1556585B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-23 ES ES03798177T patent/ES2262023T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-23 AU AU2003275979A patent/AU2003275979A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005115658A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Camshaft and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004029421A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
DE50302979D1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1556585A1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
EP1556585B1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
AU2003275979A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
ATE323216T1 (en) | 2006-04-15 |
ES2262023T3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
AU2003275979A8 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE19720779C1 (en) | Cast iron piston ring | |
EP2905455B1 (en) | Method for coating a bore and cylinder block of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102004043550A1 (en) | Wear resistant coating and method of making same | |
DE102004041234A1 (en) | Wear resistant coating and method of making same | |
DE102009025023A1 (en) | Method for producing a camshaft and corresponding camshaft | |
WO2012065674A1 (en) | Lightweight crankdrive and method for manufacturing same | |
AT514296A1 (en) | Thermal spray application of plain bearing lining layer | |
DE102007054181A1 (en) | Corrosion-resistant coating and manufacturing method thereof | |
DE102012203432A1 (en) | Engine without cylinder liner | |
EP3022338A1 (en) | Method for producing a brake disk, and brake disk | |
DE102006052869A1 (en) | Link chain used in automobile construction comprises a hinge pin having a physical vapor deposition hard layer and a hinge sleeve | |
EP1637623A1 (en) | Spray powder, bearing element of a bearing device coated with the sprayed powder | |
DE2258280B2 (en) | Component made of metal, e.g. the piston ring of a cylinder liner of an internal combustion engine | |
DE10244151A1 (en) | Coated hollow camshaft | |
EP2215334B1 (en) | Intake or discharge valve for a combustion engine, and method for the production thereof | |
WO2007036447A1 (en) | Lever pertaining to a shiftable cam follower device and method for producing the same | |
DE102004005458B4 (en) | Cylinder block for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cylinder block | |
DE2743841C2 (en) | Use of an Fe-Ni-Si alloy as a material for producing a working surface for valve rocker arms | |
EP1748856B1 (en) | Camshaft and method for the production thereof | |
DE102014202135B4 (en) | Method for coating a bore, cylinder lining and cylinder block of an internal combustion engine | |
DE10212299A1 (en) | Production of a component with a protective layer comprises applying a coating produced by a thermal spray process onto a galvanically deposited hard chromium layer and a cover layer functioning as an intermediate layer | |
DE102010001283A1 (en) | crankshaft | |
EP2158988B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing castings with integrated components | |
EP1753887B1 (en) | Heavy-duty engine component | |
DE10041638B4 (en) | Cartridge coating powder for plasma spraying and method for producing cylinder liners |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |