DE10233335A1 - Hydrodynamic torque converter especially for automatic transmission of motor vehicle has lockup clutch discs not cooled with oil from hydrodynamic circuit so heat dissipation takes place independently of field around lockup clutch - Google Patents
Hydrodynamic torque converter especially for automatic transmission of motor vehicle has lockup clutch discs not cooled with oil from hydrodynamic circuit so heat dissipation takes place independently of field around lockup clutch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10233335A1 DE10233335A1 DE2002133335 DE10233335A DE10233335A1 DE 10233335 A1 DE10233335 A1 DE 10233335A1 DE 2002133335 DE2002133335 DE 2002133335 DE 10233335 A DE10233335 A DE 10233335A DE 10233335 A1 DE10233335 A1 DE 10233335A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- converter
- torque converter
- lockup clutch
- clutch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H2045/021—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type three chamber system, i.e. comprising a separated, closed chamber specially adapted for actuating a lock-up clutch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H2045/0273—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type characterised by the type of the friction surface of the lock-up clutch
- F16H2045/0278—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type characterised by the type of the friction surface of the lock-up clutch comprising only two co-acting friction surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
- F16H45/02—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
- F16H2045/0273—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches with mechanical clutches for bridging a fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type characterised by the type of the friction surface of the lock-up clutch
- F16H2045/0284—Multiple disk type lock-up clutch
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen hydrodynamischen Drehmomentwandler mit einer Überbrückungskupplung nach der im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 näher definierten Art.The invention relates to a hydrodynamic Torque converter with a lock-up clutch according to the kind defined in the preamble of claim 1.
Hydrodynamische Drehmomentwandler finden aus Komfortgründen insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen mit Automatgetrieben, insbesondere Personenkraftwagen breite Verwendung. Die meisten hydrodynamischen Drehmomentwandler weisen ein Turbinenrad, ein Pumpenrad, ein feststehendes Leitrad und eine Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung auf. Um in Betriebsphasen, die keine Schaltungen eines mit dem Drehmomentwandler verbundenen Getriebes erfordern, Energieverluste zu vermeiden, die durch Schlupf zwischen dem Pumpenrad und dem Turbinenrad bedingt sind, sind die Drehmomentwandler mit einer Überbrückungskupplung versehen. Durch einen Kolben werden die Lamellen dieser Überbrückungskupplung zusammengepreßt und übernehmen die Drehmomentübertragung zwischen dem Wandlergehäuse und der Abtriebswelle. Dabei werden die Anpressflächen bzw. Reibflächen durch die Hydraulikflüssigkeitsströmung gekühlt, die durch Zwischenräume zwischen dem Wandlergehäuse und dem an das Wandlergehäuse angepressten Überbrückungsbauteil hindurch in dem Raum zwischen dem Überbrückungsbauteil und dem Wandlergehäuse und von dort in die Axialbohrung der Abtriebswelle strömt. Durch die Überbrückungskupplung treten hohen Reibleistungen auf, die beispielsweise durch die abzubauende Differenzdrehzahl, das aktuelle Motormoment und dynamische Momente sowie das verwendete Öl und die Reibbeläge der Überbrückungskupplung bestimmt werden.Hydrodynamic torque converters find for comfort reasons especially in motor vehicles with automatic transmissions, in particular Passenger cars wide use. Most hydrodynamic Torque converters have a turbine wheel, a pump wheel, a fixed one Stator and a converter lock-up clutch on. To in operating phases that no circuits one with the torque converter connected gearbox require to avoid energy losses caused by Slippage between the pump wheel and the turbine wheel are caused, the torque converters are equipped with a lock-up clutch. By a piston, the disks of this lock-up clutch are pressed together and take over the torque transmission between the converter housing and the output shaft. The contact surfaces or friction surfaces cooled by the hydraulic fluid flow that through spaces between the converter housing and the converter housing pressed-on bridging component through in the space between the bridging component and the converter housing and from there flows into the axial bore of the output shaft. By the lock-up clutch high levels of friction occur, for example due to the degradation Differential speed, the current engine torque and dynamic moments as well as the oil used and the friction linings the lock-up clutch be determined.
Wird in einem Bereich der Überbrückungskupplung eine Temperaturspitze erreicht, die zu einer Schädigung des Öls führt, so wird dadurch der Reibwertverlauf verändert und so daß kein stabiler Betriebspunkt eingestellt werden kann. Weiterhin kann es zu Temperaturspitzen und einer damit verbundenen Schädigung des Öls kommen.Will be in an area of the lock-up clutch reaches a temperature peak that leads to damage to the oil, the changed and so that no stable operating point can be set. Furthermore, it can temperature peaks and the associated damage to the oil.
Um dies zu vermeiden, gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten. Bekannt ist, Reibbeläge mit verschiedenartigen Nuten zu versehen und diese mit einem möglichst großen Ölstrom, der durch die Nuten geführt wird, zu kühlen. Mit gezielter Gestaltung der Form der Nuten wird eine gleichmäßige, hohe Wärmeabfuhr angestrebt.To avoid this, there are several Possibilities. Is known friction linings to be provided with different types of grooves and these with one if possible large oil flow, which is led through the grooves to cool. With a targeted design of the shape of the grooves, a uniform, high Desired heat dissipation.
Aus der
Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen weisen den Nachteil auf, daß die Lamellen der Wandlerüberbrü ckungskupplung mit Öl aus dem hydrodynamischen Kreislauf des Drehmomentwandlers gekühlt werden. Da sich die Güte der Kühlung sehr stark auf die Lebensdauer der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung auswirkt, sind hier viele Faktoren zu berücksichtigen. Das Umfeld der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung wird vor allem durch die konstruktive Ausführung sowie Art und Zustand des verwendeten Öls beeinflusst. Dabei sind so viele Faktoren zu berücksichtigen, daß die Lebensdauer einer Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung nur durch aufwendige Messungen und Erprobungen bestimmt werden können.The solutions known from the prior art have the disadvantage that the Sheets of the converter lock-up clutch with oil be cooled from the hydrodynamic circuit of the torque converter. Because the goodness the cooling very much have a major impact on the service life of the converter lock-up clutch many factors to consider here. The environment of the lockup clutch is mainly due to the design, type and condition of the oil used affected. There are so many factors to consider that the lifespan a converter lock-up clutch can only be determined by extensive measurements and trials.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine gezielte Kühlung der Lamellen einer Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung zu ermöglichen, die weitgehend unabhängig vom Umfeld und den damit verbundenen Störfaktoren der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung ist.The present invention lies the task is based on a targeted cooling of the plates of a converter lockup clutch to allow the largely independent the environment and the associated interference factors of the converter lock-up clutch is.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch einen, auch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs aufweisenden, gattungsgemäßen hydrodynamischen Drehmomentwandler gelöst.The basis of the invention The task is characterized by a, also the characteristic features of the Main claim, generic hydrodynamic torque converter solved.
Indem Lamellen einer Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung nicht mit Öl aus einem hydrodynamischen Kreislauf eines Drehmomentwandlers gekühlt werden, erfolgt eine Wärmeabfuhr unabhängig vom Umfeld der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung. Diese vom Umfeld der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung unabhängige Wärmeabfuhr kann durch verschiedene Ausgestaltungen erfolgen. So können Kanäle zur Zufuhr von Öl in einem Pumpenrad vorgesehen werden, die so ausgebildet sind, daß durch eine entstehende Pumpwirkung in den Kanälen das gekühlte Öl des Zulaufs des Drehmomentwandlers direkt durch Bohrungen, die sich in Endscheibe bzw. Wandlerdeckel befin den, zu den Lamellen im Lamellenraum gefördert wird. Im Drehmomentwandler kann eine Turbinennabe eine Querschnittsverengung aufweisen, die so ausgebildet ist, daß das Öl über Bohrungen in der Turbinennabe durch einen von der Druckdifferenz bewirkten auftretenden Düseneffekt angesaugt wird und eine Durchströmung der Kupplung stattfindet. Das Öl kann zwischen Turbinenschale und Lamellenträger über Bohrungen abfließen. Als eine weitere Möglichkeit der unabhängigen Wärmeabfuhr vom Umfeld der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung ist die Darstellung einer gezielten Leckage aus einem Kolbenraum der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung in einen Lamellenraum während eines Schaltvorganges und im geschlossenen Zustand mit Hilfe von Bohrungen, über die Öl zu den Lamellen gelangen und diese kühlen kann. Im offenen Zustand der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung werden diese Bohrungen verschlossen, beispielsweise durch ein Rückschlagventil. Eine Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ermöglicht es, daß gekühltes Öl vom Zulauf des hydrodynamischen Drehmomentwandlers durch Bohrungen durch einer Leitradwelle direkt zu den Lamellen der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung geführt werden kann.By not cooling the plates of a converter lockup clutch with oil from a hydrodynamic circuit of a torque converter, heat is dissipated regardless of the environment of the converter lockup clutch. This heat dissipation, which is independent of the environment of the converter lockup clutch, can take place in various configurations. So channels can be provided for the supply of oil in a pump wheel, which are designed so that by a pumping effect in the channels, the cooled oil of the inlet of the torque converter directly through holes that are in the end plate or converter cover, to the fins is promoted in the slat space. In the torque converter, a turbine hub can have a cross-sectional constriction, which is designed such that the oil through bores in the turbine hub due to a nozzle effect caused by the pressure difference is sucked in and a flow through the clutch takes place. The oil can flow out between the turbine shell and lamella carrier through bores. Another possibility for independent heat dissipation from the area around the converter lock-up clutch is the representation of a specific leak from a piston chamber of the converter lock-up clutch into a multi-plate space during a switching process and in the closed state with the help of holes through which oil can reach the plates and cool them. When the converter lock-up clutch is open, these holes are closed, for example by a check valve. An embodiment of the present invention enables cooled oil to be fed directly from the inlet of the hydrodynamic torque converter through bores through a stator shaft to the plates of the converter lockup clutch.
Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Die Erfindung ist aber nicht auf die Merkmalskombinationen der Ansprüche beschränkt, vielmehr ergeben sich für den Fachmann weitere sinnvolle Kombinationsmöglichkeiten von Ansprüchen und einzelnen Anspruchsmerkmalen aus der Aufgabenstellung.Advantageous and expedient configurations the invention are specified in the subclaims. The invention but is not limited to the combinations of features of the claims, but rather arise for the expert further useful combinations of claims and individual claim characteristics from the task.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained below of the embodiments shown in the figures.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Der in
Die in
- 11
- Drehmomentwandlertorque converter
- 22
- Turbinenradturbine
- 33
- Pumpenradimpeller
- 44
- Leitradstator
- 55
- Wellewave
- 66
- WandlerüberbrückungskupplungConverter lockup clutch
- 77
- Lamellenslats
- 88th
- Kanalchannel
- 99
- Bohrungdrilling
- 1010
- Endscheibeend disk
- 1111
- Wandlerdeckelconverter cover
- 1212
- Lamellenraumplate chamber
- 1313
- Turbinennabeturbine hub
- 1414
- Ablaufprocedure
- 1515
- QuerschnittsverengungCross-sectional narrowing
- 1616
- Lamellenträgerplate carrier
- 1717
- Bohrungdrilling
- 1818
- 1919
- Turbinenschaleturbine shell
- 2020
- Ablaufprocedure
- 2121
- Kolbenraumpiston chamber
- 2222
- Bohrungdrilling
- 2323
- Bohrungdrilling
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002133335 DE10233335A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | Hydrodynamic torque converter especially for automatic transmission of motor vehicle has lockup clutch discs not cooled with oil from hydrodynamic circuit so heat dissipation takes place independently of field around lockup clutch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002133335 DE10233335A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | Hydrodynamic torque converter especially for automatic transmission of motor vehicle has lockup clutch discs not cooled with oil from hydrodynamic circuit so heat dissipation takes place independently of field around lockup clutch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10233335A1 true DE10233335A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
Family
ID=30128255
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002133335 Withdrawn DE10233335A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | Hydrodynamic torque converter especially for automatic transmission of motor vehicle has lockup clutch discs not cooled with oil from hydrodynamic circuit so heat dissipation takes place independently of field around lockup clutch |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE10233335A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1672254A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-21 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Lockup clutch for hydrodynamic coupling |
WO2007048505A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter having a bypass clutch |
EP1672248A3 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2007-09-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter |
WO2007098872A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-07 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter having a bypass clutch |
WO2008135396A1 (en) * | 2007-05-05 | 2008-11-13 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Component having inner and outer gearing |
WO2010051795A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-14 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | Wet clutch |
DE102015201457A1 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-07-28 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Wet running starting element with a hydrodynamic converter |
CN103307133B (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2017-03-01 | Zf腓特烈斯哈芬股份公司 | Can hydraulic operated clutch |
DE102006042441B4 (en) * | 2006-09-09 | 2017-05-24 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter with a lock-up clutch |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3543013A1 (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-11 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter with a lock-up clutch |
DE4316289A1 (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1993-11-18 | Daikin Clutch Corp | Torque converter with force disengagement coupling - has seal to prevent hydraulic fluid in converter body from passing into space containing force disengagement coupling thereby avoiding any drag moment during disengagement. |
DE4409209A1 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-22 | Daikin Mfg Co Ltd | Locking device for a torque converter |
DE19613660A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1996-10-10 | Exedy Corp | Torque converter |
DE19603596A1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1997-08-07 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Wet clutch for high friction |
DE19722151A1 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-04 | Exedy Corp | Automotive torque converter |
DE19917893A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch unit esp. for start-up of motor vehicles generates min. fluid flow through friction surfaces fluid passages for cooling purposes |
DE19926983A1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter has housing containing turbine wheel with casing and hub, torsional oscillation damper, cover discs and thrust piece |
DE19957516A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-31 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Housing for an automotive hydrodynamic torque converter or fluid clutch combines simpler manufacture with enhanced clutch efficiency |
DE10117746A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-22 | Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau | Hydrodynamic torque convertor for internal combustion engine, comprises pump, turbine and piston operated by-pass coupling with regulator which controls flow across the coupling friction pads |
-
2002
- 2002-07-23 DE DE2002133335 patent/DE10233335A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3543013A1 (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-11 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter with a lock-up clutch |
DE4316289A1 (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1993-11-18 | Daikin Clutch Corp | Torque converter with force disengagement coupling - has seal to prevent hydraulic fluid in converter body from passing into space containing force disengagement coupling thereby avoiding any drag moment during disengagement. |
DE4409209A1 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-22 | Daikin Mfg Co Ltd | Locking device for a torque converter |
DE19613660A1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1996-10-10 | Exedy Corp | Torque converter |
DE19603596A1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1997-08-07 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Wet clutch for high friction |
DE19722151A1 (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-04 | Exedy Corp | Automotive torque converter |
DE19917893A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch unit esp. for start-up of motor vehicles generates min. fluid flow through friction surfaces fluid passages for cooling purposes |
DE19926983A1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter has housing containing turbine wheel with casing and hub, torsional oscillation damper, cover discs and thrust piece |
DE19957516A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-31 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Housing for an automotive hydrodynamic torque converter or fluid clutch combines simpler manufacture with enhanced clutch efficiency |
DE10117746A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-22 | Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau | Hydrodynamic torque convertor for internal combustion engine, comprises pump, turbine and piston operated by-pass coupling with regulator which controls flow across the coupling friction pads |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1672254A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-21 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Lockup clutch for hydrodynamic coupling |
EP1672248A3 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2007-09-05 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter |
US7389861B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2008-06-24 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Hydrodynamic clutch device |
US7392889B2 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2008-07-01 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Hydrodynamic clutch device |
WO2007048505A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter having a bypass clutch |
DE102005051739B4 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2017-01-12 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter with a lock-up clutch |
WO2007098872A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-07 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter having a bypass clutch |
DE102006042441B4 (en) * | 2006-09-09 | 2017-05-24 | Daimler Ag | Hydrodynamic torque converter with a lock-up clutch |
WO2008135396A1 (en) * | 2007-05-05 | 2008-11-13 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Component having inner and outer gearing |
WO2010051795A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-14 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | Wet clutch |
CN103307133B (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2017-03-01 | Zf腓特烈斯哈芬股份公司 | Can hydraulic operated clutch |
DE102015201457A1 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-07-28 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Wet running starting element with a hydrodynamic converter |
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