DE102023101968A1 - A system comprising a heat pump and at least one other electrical consumer - Google Patents

Abstract

The system described is characterized in that at least one electrical system component, which must be provided both for the heat pump and for the at least one other electrical consumer, is formed by an electrical system component used jointly by the heat pump and the at least one other electrical consumer.

Description

The present invention relates to a system according to the preamble of patent claim 1, i.e. to a system comprising a heat pump and at least one further electrical consumer.

In the present case, the at least one further consumer is in particular, but not exclusively, an electrical consumer requiring high electrical power, such as a charging station for an electric vehicle.

The increasing use of heat pumps and, in particular, other electrical consumers requiring high electrical power, such as, but not limited to, charging stations for electric vehicles, is increasingly creating new problems in terms of efficiency and economic viability for both the users of these stations and the operators of the public electricity grids.

For example, network operators are having problems with the fact that the maximum power drawn from a household electrical connection is constantly increasing and the power drawn fluctuates more than before. For private households, network operators used to calculate a peak load of 30 kVA. But now 11 or 22 kVA are added for the charging station, and the power required to operate the heat pump. On the other hand, the electrical power drawn by a private household is less than 1 kVA most of the time. That is why meter fees in many Scandinavian countries are staggered according to the peak power required. Nevertheless, it is a major problem for network operators to be able to deliver the agreed peak load at all times.

One of the problems for system users is integrating new electrical consumers, particularly those with a high demand for electrical energy, into the existing power grid of private households. It is well known that installing charging stations for electric vehicles, i.e. installing so-called wall boxes, involves a very high level of technical and financial effort.

In addition, higher meter fees for higher peak loads can make operations more expensive.

At the same time, more and more operators of photovoltaic roof systems want to use the electrical energy generated by their photovoltaic systems more efficiently. This means that they want to use as much of it as possible themselves, instead of feeding electricity into the public power grid for little money and then taking it back out of the grid a short time later for a much higher price. Battery storage systems provide some relief here, but are quite expensive.

For the reasons mentioned above, it is advantageous to use controls that keep peak loads within limits despite very high electricity requirements. In the simplest case, such controls work according to a simple list of priorities, for example as follows: If more energy is available than the household currently needs, the heat pump can bring a buffer storage tank to the required minimum temperature. If more energy is available or the buffer storage tank has already been brought to the minimum temperature, the car is charged. Once the car is charged, the heat pump continues to heat the buffer storage tank in order to buffer heat for later. If there is still energy available, the pool is heated, etc.

However, such a regulation obviously cannot solve all problems.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the system according to the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that it is easier to set up, easier to integrate into domestic installations, and can be manufactured, installed and operated more efficiently and economically.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the system according to patent claim 1.

Advantageous further developments can be taken from the following description, the figures and the dependent claims.

• 1 eine eine Wärmepumpe und eine Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug umfassende herkömmliche Anlage,
• 2 eine gegenüber der in der 1 gezeigten Anlage modifizierte Anlage, bei welcher mindestens eine elektrische Komponente, die sowohl für die Wärmepumpe als auch für Ladestation vorgesehen werden muss, durch eine von der Wärmepumpe und der Ladestation gemeinsam genutzte elektrische Komponente gebildet wird,
• 3 ein hier vorgestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel des Aufbaus der Wärmepumpen-/Ladestations-Einheit gemäß 2, und
• 4 eine eine Wärmepumpe und mindestens eine Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug umfassende Anlage, mit weiteren Anlagenkomponenten, und weiteren gemeinsam genutzten Anlagenkomponenten.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures.

• 1 a conventional system comprising a heat pump and a charging station for an electric vehicle,
• 2 one compared to the one in the 1 system modified from the system shown, in which at least one electrical component that must be provided for both the heat pump and the charging station is formed by an electrical component shared by the heat pump and the charging station,
• 3 an example of the design of the heat pump/charging station unit according to 2 , and
• 4 a system comprising a heat pump and at least one charging station for an electric vehicle, with other system components, and other shared system components.

The following describes a system that can be manufactured, installed and operated particularly efficiently and economically, which comprises a heat pump and at least one other electrical consumer. The efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional systems of this type can be increased particularly significantly if the at least one other electrical consumer is a consumer that, like the heat pump, has a high demand for electrical energy. However, this is not a mandatory requirement. The provision of the invention presented here also proves to be advantageous if the at least one other electrical consumer is a consumer with a low energy demand.

In the example considered, the heat pump is the heat pump of a heat pump heating system, but in principle it can be any heat pump for any purpose.

In this case, the at least one additional electrical consumer is formed by one or more charging stations, more precisely charging stations for electric vehicles.

The at least one additional electrical consumer can also be formed by one or more other electrical consumers. Irrespective of this, the number of additional electrical consumers can be any. And if several additional electrical consumers are provided, these do not have to be electrical consumers of the same type, but can be any electrical consumer independently of one another.

The 1 shows how a conventional system is constructed, which contains a heat pump 13 and a charging station 23. In the example considered, the charging station is a Mode 3 charging station, but could also be a charging station with any other charging mode.

The power supply for the devices mentioned is via a house connection H, which is connected to the public power grid. The heat pump 13 and the charging station 23 are connected to the house connection H via completely separate cable routes LW1 and LW2.

The first line path LW1 begins at the house connection H, then passes through a first residual current device 11, referred to in the figures as an RCD (Residual Current Device), for example, but not necessarily of type B or B+, then a first circuit breaker 12, and ends in the heat pump 13. The electrical lines running between them comprise one or more phase conductors (L1, L2, L3), a neutral conductor (neutral conductor, N), and a protective conductor (earth, PE).

The second line path LW2 also begins at the house connection H, then first passes through a second residual current device 21, referred to in the figures as an RCD (Residual Current Device), for example, but not necessarily of type B or B+, then a second circuit breaker 22, and ends in the charging station 23. The electrical lines running between them comprise one or more phase conductors (L1, L2, L3), a neutral conductor (neutral conductor, N), and a protective conductor (earth, PE).

The 2 shows a difference from the 1 system shown, in which at least one electrical component that must be provided for both the heat pump and the charging station is formed by an electrical component shared by the heat pump and the charging station. More specifically, in the system shown in the 2 shown system such that the heat pump 13 and the charging station 23 are combined to form a heat pump / charging station unit 33, which are connected to the house connection via a single common line route LW3.

The common line path LW3 begins at the house connection H, then first passes through a common residual current device 31, referred to in the figures as an RCD (Residual Current Device), for example, but not necessarily of type B or B+, then a common circuit breaker 32, and ends in the heat pump / charging station unit 33 already mentioned. The electrical lines running between them comprise one or more phase conductors (L1, L2, L3), a neutral conductor (neutral conductor, N), and a protective conductor (earth, PE).

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the data provided in the Annex 2 The charging station used is a charging station with charging mode 3 or 4 according to IEC 61851-1. In principle, it can be any charging station. The heat pump/charging station unit 33 can also contain several charging stations, whereby the several charging stations can include different types of charging stations.

The 2 The system shown allows a heat pump to be used with a suitable Installation location, for example when installed in the yard or near the garage, it can also be used as a charging station.

The charging station can be integrated into the housing of the heat pump, so that the heat pump/charging station unit 33 is then ultimately a heat pump with an integrated wall box.

The charging station or part of it can also be separated from the heat pump via a preferably short cable. In this case, too, the components of the heat pump and the charging station that generate waste heat during operation are preferably located within the housing of the heat pump. In particular, the electronics of the charging station preferably remain in the heat pump in any case. This means that the part of the charging station separated from the heat pump is preferably purely passive and in particular does not contain any electronics.

By separating the charging station from the heat pump via a preferably short cable, it is possible to 2 For example, in the system shown, it is possible to set up the heat pump outdoors next to a garage wall and to install one or more charging stations on the opposite inside of the garage wall. A charging station can also be connected to a heat pump installed inside the building using a preferably short cable. If, for example, a utility room and a garage share a wall, the heat pump can be set up in the utility room next to this wall and the charging station can be installed on the opposite side of this wall in the garage.

Regardless of all this, the structure of the 2 shown system is noticeably simpler than the structure of the system with the same function according to 1 . The power supply for the heat pump and the charging station is provided via the same, shared cables, so fewer cables are required. In addition, only a single, shared residual current device and a single, shared circuit breaker need to be provided. The shared use of the above-mentioned system components for the heat pump and the charging station makes the installation of the system much simpler and more cost-effective, particularly but of course in existing buildings.

The 3 shows an embodiment of an advantageous structure of the 2 shown heat pump/charging station unit 33. The 3 The unit 33 shown contains, in addition to a heat pump 331 and n charging stations 332-1 to 332-n, an input power measuring device 333 and a control device 334.

The input power measuring device 333 is connected to the house connection H via the common line path LW3. The input power measuring device 333 determines the total electrical power currently consumed by the heat pump/charging station unit 33 via the line path LW3, and the control device 334 controls the heat pump 331 and the charging stations 332-1 to 332-n depending on the result of the determination.

The control device 334 is connected to the input power measuring device 333 and receives information via this connection about the determined total electrical power and/or the ratio of the determined total power to certain total power limit values. There can be several total power limit values, whereby the total power limit value to be taken into account at any given time can depend on the current time, the maximum load capacity of the line route LW3, the urgency or priority of the operation of certain electrical consumers, the current electricity price, the current utilization of the public power grid, or any other parameters. If the determined total power is above the total power limit value to be taken into account at the time, the control device switches off one or more electrical consumers or controls them in such a way that the consumption of electrical power by them is limited. It can prove advantageous if the control of the electrical consumers by the control device 334 is not maintained permanently even under constant conditions, but rather changes are made to the control at more or less long intervals, as a result of which other electrical consumers than before are deactivated or throttled in terms of performance, and other consumers than before are supplied with energy. What exactly the control device does in which order can be set or programmed in the control device 334, or the control device can be currently specified from outside.

In order to be able to control the electrical consumers contained in the heat pump/charging station unit 33, i.e. the heat pump 331 and the charging stations 332-1 to 332-n in the example considered, the control device 334 is connected to them via corresponding control lines. Since the charging stations in the example considered are Mode 3 charging stations, the known CP and PP signals are sent to them. However, it goes without saying that other types of charging stations may require other control signals, and the control device 334 then transmits these other control signals.

A very important aspect of the control system described is that the shared line LW3 is not overloaded by excessive electrical power. Since several electrical consumers with high power requirements are supplied with energy via the single line LW3, continuous monitoring of the utilization of the line LW3 is particularly important. This means that the control device 334 must always ensure, regardless of all other specifications and freedoms, that the shared line LW3 is not overloaded by excessive electrical power. If this is ensured, the dimensioning of the shared line LW3 and the system components it passes through does not have to be based on the maximum conceivable electrical power, but rather on a lower power that would be expected under normal circumstances.

As is clear from the above explanations, the input power measuring device 333 and the control device 334 are also system components shared by the heat pump 331 and the charging stations 332-1 to 332-n.

The input power measuring device 333 and/or the control device 334 do not necessarily have to be part of the heat pump/charging station unit 33. In particular, the input power measuring device 333 could, for example, also be part of the shared line path LW3.

The 4 shows a system comprising a heat pump and at least one charging station for an electric vehicle, with further system components and other shared system components.

The heat pump is in the 4 only the components of particular interest here are shown, namely an inverter 41 for a heat pump fan, an inverter 42 for a heat pump compressor, and a DC heating rod, i.e. a heat pump heating rod 43 operated with direct current. The functions and the design details of the fan, the compressor, and the DC heating rod in a heat pump are generally known and do not require any explanation. The inverters 41 and 42 connected upstream of the fan and the compressor generate the alternating voltages required for the operation of the fan and the compressor from a direct current supplied to them.

In the example considered, the at least one charging station is one or more Mode-4 charging stations. As in the previous examples, it could also be any other charging station, at least if adapted to the given conditions. Of the at least one charging station, 4 also only the components of particular interest here are shown, namely a bidirectional DC/DC converter 44. The bidirectional DC/DC converter 44 generates, among other things, the other direct voltage required for the operation of the at least one charging station from a direct voltage supplied to it.

All of the above-mentioned components 41 - 44 of the heat pump and the at least one charging station are supplied with direct current via a DC intermediate circuit 45.

The DC intermediate circuit 45 is fed by several different energy sources and outputs a direct current to the above-mentioned components 41 - 44 of the heat pump and the at least one charging station, as well as to other electrical consumers and/or energy storage devices.

The DC intermediate circuit 45 can be formed, for example, by one or more capacitors. These ensure that the DC intermediate circuit represents a voltage source whose voltage is a smoothed, constant direct voltage that is largely independent of existing differences between the voltages of the energy sources supplying the DC intermediate circuit 45 with electrical energy.

• - Das öffentliche Stromnetz. Dieses ist über den Hausanschluss, den gemeinsamen Leitungsweg LW3, und einen Ein- oder Zweirichtungs-AC/DC-Umrichter 46 mit PFC-Funktion mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden. Der AC/DC-Umrichter 46 erzeugt aus der Wechselspannung des öffentlichen Stromnetzes eine pulsierende Gleichspannung einer bestimmten Größe und speist diese in den DC-Zwischenkreis 45 ein. Wenn dem öffentlichen Stromnetz immer nur Strom entnommen wird, ist es ausreichend, wenn der AC/DC-Umrichter durch einen Einrichtungs-AC/DC-Umrichter gebildet wird, der „nur“ die genannte AC/DC-Umrichtung durchführt. Wenn in das öffentliche Stromnetz auch Strom einspeisbar sein soll, wird vorzugsweise ein Zweirichtungs-AC/DC-Umrichter vorgesehen, der zusätzlich dem DC-Zwischenkreis entnommenen Strom einer geeigneten DC/AC-Umrichtung unterziehen und über den gemeinsamen Leitungsweg LW3 und den Hausanschluss ins öffentliche Stromnetz einspeisen kann.

The energy sources that supply the DC intermediate circuit 45 with electrical energy are:

• - The public power grid. This is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via the house connection, the common line path LW3, and a one- or two-way AC/DC converter 46 with PFC function. The AC/DC converter 46 generates a pulsating direct voltage of a certain size from the alternating voltage of the public power grid and feeds this into the DC intermediate circuit 45. If only electricity is ever taken from the public power grid, it is sufficient if the AC/DC converter is formed by a one-way AC/DC converter that "only" carries out the aforementioned AC/DC conversion. If electricity is also to be fed into the public power grid, a two-way AC/DC converter is preferably used. which can also subject the current taken from the DC intermediate circuit to a suitable DC/AC conversion and feed it into the public power grid via the common line path LW3 and the house connection.

• - Die Photovoltaik (PV)-Anlage. Diese ist über einen MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker / Maximal-Leistungspunkt-Sucher) 47 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden. Der MPPT ist eine bei PV-Anlagen standardmäßig vorgesehene Komponente zur Optimierung der entnehmbaren Leistung. Bemerkenswert ist im betrachteten Beispiel jedoch der direkte Anschluss der PV-Anlage an den DC-Zwischenkreis 45. Bei herkömmlichen Anlagen würde die von der PV-Anlage gelieferte Gleichspannung zunächst in die Spannung des öffentlichen Stromnetzes, also beispielsweise eine 230V/400V-Wechselspannung umgewandelt werden. Will man hiermit beispielsweise eine Batterie laden oder einen anderen mit Gleichstrom zu betreibenden elektrischen Verbraucher mit Energie versorgen, muss die Wechselspannung wieder zurück in eine Gleichspannung gewandelt werden. Durch die bei der Anlage gemäß 4 praktizierte direkte Einspeisung der elektrischen Leistung in den DC-Zwischenkreis 45 und die Versorgung von ausgewählten elektrischen Verbrauchern aus dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 erspart man sich den aufwendigen und verlustbehafteten Umweg über die Spannung des öffentlichen Stromnetzes, also beispielsweise über die 230V/400V-Wechselspannung. Zumindest lässt sich damit die Anzahl der erforderlichen Umwandlungen reduzieren. Vor allem die Anzahl der einen besonders geringen Wirkungsgrad aufweisenden AC/DC- und DC/AC-Wandlungen kann reduziert werden. Letzteres ist auch deshalb der Fall, weil manche elektrischen Verbraucher, insbesondere elektrische Verbraucher mit großer Induktivität anstatt mit Wechselstrom (AC) auch mit einer rechteckförmigen Spannung versorgt werden können. Dies lässt sich dahingehend ausnutzen, dass die Versorgungsspannungen für solche elektrischen Verbraucher vorzugsweise nicht durch DC/AC-Wandler, sondern durch einen höheren Wirkungsgrad aufweisende DC/DC-Wandler erzeugt werden.
• - der Batteriespeicher der PV-Anlage. Dieser ist über den DC/DC-Wandler 48 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden. Auf das Laden des Batteriespeichers wird später noch genauer eingegangen.
• - die Batterie eines an eine Ladestation angeschlossenen Elektrofahrzeuges. Diese ist über die mindestens eine Ladestation und den DC/DC-Wandler 44 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden. Da der DC/DC-Wandler 44 ein Zweirichtungswandler ist, kann die Elektrofahrzeug-Batterie hierüber sowohl geladen als auch entladen werden, wobei die Entladung durch eine Einspeisung von elektrischer Energie in den DC-Zwischenkreis bewirkt wird.

The integrated PFC function causes a power factor correction. This is known to filter out unwanted harmonics so that the power factor remains within the legally prescribed range (see the European standard DIN EN 61000-3-2). For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned at this point that at least for electrical energy fed into the public power grid, which is generated by a photovoltaic (PV) system as in the example considered and fed into the public power grid via an MPPT (maximum power point tracker) and the DC intermediate circuit 45, no power factor correction is required.

• - The photovoltaic (PV) system. This is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) 47. The MPPT is a standard component in PV systems to optimize the power that can be drawn. What is remarkable in the example considered, however, is the direct connection of the PV system to the DC intermediate circuit 45. In conventional systems, the DC voltage supplied by the PV system would first be converted into the voltage of the public power grid, for example a 230V/400V AC voltage. If you want to use this to charge a battery, for example, or to supply another electrical consumer that is to be operated with direct current, the AC voltage must be converted back into a DC voltage. The system is designed according to 4 The direct feeding of electrical power into the DC intermediate circuit 45 and the supply of selected electrical consumers from the DC intermediate circuit 45 saves the complex and loss-making detour via the voltage of the public power grid, for example via the 230V/400V alternating voltage. At least this reduces the number of conversions required. In particular, the number of AC/DC and DC/AC conversions, which have a particularly low efficiency, can be reduced. The latter is also the case because some electrical consumers, particularly electrical consumers with high inductance, can also be supplied with a rectangular voltage instead of alternating current (AC). This can be exploited in such a way that the supply voltages for such electrical consumers are preferably generated not by DC/AC converters, but by DC/DC converters with a higher efficiency.
• - the battery storage of the PV system. This is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via the DC/DC converter 48. Charging the battery storage will be discussed in more detail later.
• - the battery of an electric vehicle connected to a charging station. This is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via the at least one charging station and the DC/DC converter 44. Since the DC/DC converter 44 is a bidirectional converter, the electric vehicle battery can be both charged and discharged via this, with the discharge being brought about by feeding electrical energy into the DC intermediate circuit.

It should be obvious and does not require any further explanation that the DC intermediate circuit 45 does not have to be connected to all of the energy sources mentioned, nor does it have to be supplied with electrical energy from all of the energy sources mentioned. In principle, the DC intermediate circuit 45 can be connected to any and any number of the energy sources mentioned, and can be supplied with electrical energy from any and any number of the energy sources mentioned.

• - Der Lüfter der Wärmepumpe. Dieser ist, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, über den Wechselrichter 41 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden.
• - Der Verdichter der Wärmepumpe. Dieser ist, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, über den Wechselrichter 42 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden.
• - Der DC-Heizstab der Wärmepumpe. Dieser ist, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, direkt mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden.
• - Die Batterien der Elektrofahrzeuge, die an der mindestens einen Ladestation angeschlossen sind. Diese sind, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, über die mindestens eine Ladestationen und den DC/DC-Wandler 44 mit dem DC-Zwischenspeicher verbunden und können hierüber geladen werden.
• - Der Batteriespeicher der PV-Anlage. Dieser ist, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, über den DC/DC-Wandler 48 mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden und kann hierüber geladen werden.
• - das öffentliche Stromnetz. Dieses kann, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt wurde, über einen Zweirichtungs AC/DC-Umrichter mit dem DC-Zwischenkreis 45 verbunden sein und hierüber Energie eingespeist bekommen. Hierdurch ist es im betrachteten Beispiel möglich, Energie aus der PV-Anlage und/oder im Batteriespeicher gespeicherte Energie über den DC-Zwischenkreis 45 ins öffentliche Stromnetz einzuspeisen.

The electrical consumers that can be supplied with electrical energy via the DC intermediate circuit 45 are:

• - The heat pump fan. As already mentioned above, this is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via the inverter 41.
• - The compressor of the heat pump. As already mentioned above, this is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via the inverter 42.
• - The DC heating element of the heat pump. As already mentioned above, this is directly connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45.
• - The batteries of the electric vehicles that are connected to the at least one charging station. As already mentioned above, these are connected to the DC buffer via the at least one charging station and the DC/DC converter 44 and can be charged via this.
• - The battery storage of the PV system. As already mentioned above, this is connected to the DC intermediate circuit via the DC/DC converter 48 45 and can be charged via this.
• - the public power grid. As already mentioned above, this can be connected to the DC intermediate circuit 45 via a bidirectional AC/DC converter and can receive energy from it. In the example considered, this makes it possible to feed energy from the PV system and/or energy stored in the battery storage into the public power grid via the DC intermediate circuit 45.

It should be obvious and does not require any further explanation that the DC intermediate circuit 45 does not have to be connected to all of the electrical consumers mentioned, nor does it have to supply all of the electrical consumers mentioned with electrical energy. In principle, the DC intermediate circuit 45 can be connected to any and any number of the electrical consumers mentioned, and can supply any and any number of the electrical consumers mentioned with electrical energy.

To avoid misunderstandings, it should be expressly pointed out that each of the electrical consumers mentioned can be supplied with electrical energy via each of the energy sources mentioned.

• - Der Zweirichtungs-DC/DC-Wandler 44. Dies kann ein von mehreren oder allen vorhandenen Mode-4-Ladestationen verwendbarer einziger Zweirichtungs-DC/DC-Wandler sein. Je nach der zu erwartenden Nutzung der mehreren Ladestationen kann natürlich auch vorgesehen werden, dass zumindest bestimmte Ladestationen einen eigenen DC/DC-Wandler haben.
• - Der PFC 46. Dies ist ein von den Wechselrichtern 41, 42 und dem DC/DC-Wandler 44 benötigter einziger PFC. Bei herkömmlichen Anlagen würde jede der genannten Anlagenkomponenten 41, 42, 44 ihren eigenen PFC enthalten. Dies ist zumindest dann der Fall, wenn die mindestens eine Ladestation mit Mode 4 (IEC 61851-1) lädt.
• - Der DC-Zwischenkreis. Dieser wird von einer Vielzahl von Energiequellen mit elektrischer Energie versorgt, und versorgt seinerseits eine Vielzahl von elektrischen Verbrauchern mit elektrischer Energie.

The 4 The system shown contains a whole series of shared system components, each of which is used by several other system components. The shared system components of the system shown in the 4 shown system are:

• - The bidirectional DC/DC converter 44. This can be a single bidirectional DC/DC converter that can be used by several or all existing Mode 4 charging stations. Depending on the expected use of the multiple charging stations, it can of course also be provided that at least certain charging stations have their own DC/DC converter.
• - The PFC 46. This is a single PFC required by the inverters 41, 42 and the DC/DC converter 44. In conventional systems, each of the system components 41, 42, 44 would contain its own PFC. This is at least the case if at least one charging station charges with Mode 4 (IEC 61851-1).
• - The DC intermediate circuit. This is supplied with electrical energy from a variety of energy sources and in turn supplies a variety of electrical consumers with electrical energy.

Of the system components 41 - 48 mentioned, all system components are preferably housed in the heat pump. The heat pump thus becomes an energy center that is advantageous in many respects.

Such a heat pump contains more system components than a conventional heat pump.

Therefore, a maximum number of system components can be shared system components, each of which is used by several other system components and therefore only needs to be provided once.

Furthermore, the particularly large number of system components housed in the heat pump means that more waste heat is generated in the heat pump than in conventional heat pumps, and this waste heat can be used relatively easily as an additional energy source for the water heating carried out by the heat pump. In any case, the use of waste heat is much simpler and more efficient than in systems in which the components generating waste heat are decentralized, i.e. distributed over a large area of the system.

Preferably, in addition to the mentioned (electronic) components 41 - 48 of the system according to 4 All other components of the heat pump that generate waste heat and the at least one charging station are also housed in the heat pump housing. This enables particularly efficient use of the waste heat. The waste heat is fed to the heating system containing the heat pump, for example the heating return or the coolant circuit.

The systems presented here have proven to be advantageous in several respects. They are easier to set up, easier to integrate into domestic installations, and more efficient and economical to manufacture, install and operate.

List of reference symbols

11

first residual current circuit breaker

12

first circuit breaker

13

Heat pump

21

second residual current circuit breaker

22

second circuit breaker

23

Charging station

31

common residual current circuit breaker

32

common circuit breaker

33

Heat pump/charging station unit

41

Inverter for a heat pump fan

42

Inverter for a heat pump compressor,

43

DC heating element of a heat pump

44

Bidirectional DC/DC converter for one or more charging stations

45

DC intermediate circuit

46

Single or bidirectional AC/DC converters with PFC function

47

MPPT for PV

48

Bidirectional DC/DC converter for battery

331

Heat pump from 33

332-x

Charging station of 33

333

Input power measuring device of 33

334

Control device of 33

H

House connection

LW1

first line

LW2

second line

LW3

common line route

Claims (12)

A system comprising a heat pump and at least one further electrical consumer, characterized in that at least one electrical system component, which must be provided both for the heat pump and for the at least one further electrical consumer, is formed by an electrical system component used jointly by the heat pump and the at least one further electrical consumer. Plant according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one further electrical consumer comprises at least one charging station for charging an electric vehicle. Plant according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the heat pump and the at least one charging station are combined to form a heat pump/charging station unit, wherein the at least one charging station is integrated in the housing of the heat pump, or the at least one charging station or a part thereof is separated from the heat pump via a cable. Plant according to Claim 3 , characterized in that at least the electronics of the heat pump and the at least one charging station are integrated in the housing of the heat pump. Plant according to Claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that the waste heat from system components located in the heat pump is fed to the heating return or the refrigerant circuit of the heating system containing the heat pump. Plant according to one of the Claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that the heat pump/charging station unit is supplied with electrical energy via a single, shared line route. Plant according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the shared wiring path comprises a single, shared residual current device and/or a single, shared circuit breaker. Plant according to one of the Claims 3 until 7 , characterized in that the heat pump/charging station unit contains a control device for controlling the heat pump and the at least one charging station of the heat pump/charging station unit, wherein the control device controls the system components of the heat pump/charging station unit controlled by it in such a way that selected system components are deactivated or throttled in terms of performance if the total electrical power supplied to the heat pump/charging station unit via the shared line path exceeds a certain limit value. Plant according to one of the Claims 2 until 8th , characterized in that the heat pump and the at least one charging station are supplied with electrical energy via a single, shared DC intermediate circuit. Plant according to Claim 9 , characterized in that electrical energy is supplied to the DC intermediate circuit - from the public power grid, and/or - from a photovoltaic (PV) system, and/or - from a battery storage unit of the photovoltaic (PV) system, and/or - from a battery of an electric vehicle connected to a charging station. Plant according to Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that the DC intermediate circuit - a fan of the heat pump, and/or - a compressor of the heat pump, and/or - a DC heating element of the heat pump, and/or - batteries of the electric vehicles that are connected to at least one charging station, and/or - a battery storage unit of the photovoltaic (PV) system, and/or - the public power grid supplies electrical energy. Plant according to one of the Claims 2 until 11 , characterized in that the system for the heat pump and for the at least one charging station contains a single, shared unidirectional or bidirectional AC/DC converter with PFC function.

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