DE102022121329A1 - Chopping mechanism of an agricultural harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Chopping mechanism (5) of an agricultural harvesting machine (1), with a chopping drum (10) carrying chopping knives, with a first pair of rollers (11) positioned in front of the chopping drum (10), as seen in the transport direction of the crop, consisting of an upper press roller (15) and a so-called smooth roller (16), with at least one second pair of rollers (12) positioned in front of the first pair of rollers (11), as seen in the transport direction of the crop, consisting of a pre-press roller (13) and a transport roller (14), with a counter-cutting device (17) which interacts with the chopping drum (10). ), which are arranged between the smooth roller (16) and the chopping drum (10), a shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) being displaceable relative to the counter-cutting device (17).

Description

The invention relates to a chopper of an agricultural harvester and an agricultural harvester.

A chopping unit of an agricultural harvesting machine, namely a forage harvester, has a chopping drum that carries several chopping knives. Seen in the direction of transport of the crop, a first pair of rollers of the chopping unit consisting of a press roller and a so-called smooth roller is arranged in front of the chopping drum. Seen in the transport direction of the crop, at least a second pair of rollers consisting of a pre-press roller and a transport roller is arranged in front of the first pair of rollers.

The so-called smooth roller of a chopper is the lower roller of the pairs of rollers arranged in front of the chopper drum that has the shortest distance to the chopper drum.

It is known that a counter-cutting device interacts with the chopping knife and a stripping device interacts with the smooth roller of the first pair of rollers positioned in front of the chopping drum in the transport direction. The counter-cutting device and the stripping device are arranged between the smooth roller and the chopping drum, namely the stripping device opposite the smooth roller and the counter-cutting device opposite the chopping drum.

DE 20 2016 105 163 U1 shows a section of a chopper of a forage harvester. It is disclosed here that a counter-cutting device and a stripping device are arranged between the smooth roller and the chopping drum. The counter-cutting device and the stripping device are designed as separate assemblies.

DE 196 52 656 A1 discloses a chopper with a chopper drum and the first pair of rollers positioned in front of the chopper drum as seen in the direction of transport of the crop. Furthermore, a counter-cutting device is shown, which interacts with the chopping drum. The counter-cutting device can be pivoted about a joint relative to the chopping drum.

DE 39 19 055 A1 discloses another chopping unit of an agricultural harvesting machine with a chopping drum and a counter-cutting device that interacts with the chopping drum. The counter-cutting device is firmly connected to a saddle, the saddle being adjustable about an axis in such a way that the saddle together with the counter-cutting device can be positioned at a variable distance from the lateral surface of the chopping drum.

During operation, the chopping blades of the chopping drum are subject to wear. As the chopping blades of the chopping drum become more worn, the diameter of the chopping drum reduces. In order to compensate for a reducing diameter of the chopping drum, the counter-blade device can be moved relative to the chopping drum in the chopping units known from the prior art. The distance between the smooth roller and the counter-blade device then becomes larger. This increases the chopper's susceptibility to blockages. Furthermore, as the diameter of the chopping drum decreases, the distance between the chopping drum and the press roller positioned above the smooth roller increases. This has a negative impact on the chop quality.

There is a need for a chopper with a simple structure which avoids the above disadvantages of the prior art.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the task of creating a new type of shredder.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a chopper according to claim 1. According to the invention, a shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum can be moved relative to the counter-blade device.

If, according to the invention, the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum is displaceable relative to the counter-cutting device, the distance of the chopping drum from both the counter-cutting device and the press roller positioned above the smoothing roller can be kept constant in the event of a reduction in the diameter of the chopping drum due to wear, which then, on the one hand An increase in the susceptibility to blockages can be avoided and a high quality of chop can be provided.

Preferably, the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum, in particular bearings of the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum, can be displaced translationally and/or rotary. Here, the bearings of the shaft or axis of rotation can engage pivot levers and be rotatably displaceable via the pivot levers. Furthermore, the bearings of the shaft or axis of rotation can engage linear guides and be translationally displaceable via the linear guides. This is particularly preferred in order to reduce the diameter of the chopping drum with a simple structure of the chopping mechanism compensate, while avoiding an increase in the susceptibility to blockages and while providing good chop quality.

Preferably, the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum is mounted in eccentric bearings, via which the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum can be displaced relative to the counter-cutting device. In particular, if the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum is mounted in eccentric bearings, the shaft or axis of rotation of the chopping drum can be displaced during operation of the chopping drum, i.e. when the chopping drum is rotating, relative to the counter-cutting device and to the press roller positioned above the smooth roller. This design is structurally simple and particularly preferred.

• 1 eine landwirtschaftliche Erntemaschine mit einem Häckselwerk;
• 2a, 2b eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Häckselwerks in zwei unterschiedlichen Zuständen;
• 3a, 3b eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Häckselwerks in zwei unterschiedlichen Zuständen; und
• 4a, 4b eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Häckselwerks in zwei unterschiedlichen Zuständen.

Preferred developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail using the drawing, without being limited to this. This shows:

• 1 an agricultural harvester with a chopper;
• 2a , 2 B a schematic representation of a first chopper according to the invention in two different states;
• 3a , 3b a schematic representation of a second shredder according to the invention in two different states; and
• 4a , 4b a schematic representation of another shredder according to the invention in two different states.

The 1 shows an agricultural harvesting machine 1 designed as a forage harvester, which includes a working unit 2. The working unit 2 has an attachment 3 designed as a corn header, a feed unit 4 and a chopping unit 5.

Crop material to be harvested is separated from a subsoil to be processed using mowing and conveying elements 6 of the maize header 3 and fed to the chopper 5 via feed drums 7 of the feed plant 4.

In the area of the chopper 5, the crop is shredded and conveyed towards a discharge chute 9 via a conveyor 8 downstream of the chopper 5. The chopped crop can be ejected towards a transport trolley via the discharge chute 9.

The present invention relates to the chopper 5 of the agricultural harvester.

The chopping unit 5 has a chopping drum 10 which carries chopping knives, not shown in detail. Seen in the transport direction of the crop, a first pair of rollers 11 is arranged in front of the chopping drum 10 and at least a second pair of rollers 12 is arranged in front of the first pair of rollers 11. The first pair of rollers 11 has an upper press roller 15 and a so-called smooth roller 16 or lower press roller, the upper press roller 15 being arranged above the smooth roller 16. The respective second pair of rollers 12, which is arranged in front of the first pair of rollers 11, as seen in the transport direction of the crop, has a pre-press roller 13 and a transport roller 14, the pre-press roller 13 being arranged above the transport roller 14.

The crop is conveyed between the rollers 13, 14 and 15, 16 of the roller pairs 11, 12, in the direction of the chopping drum 10.

The smooth roller 16 of a chopper 5 is the lower roller of the pairs of rollers 11, 12 arranged in front of the chopper drum 10, which are made up of the upper and lower rollers in relation to the crop to be chopped and which has the smallest distance to the chopper drum 10. The smooth roller 16 can have a smooth or a profiled surface and is also referred to below as the lower press roller. The smooth roller 16 and the transport roller 14 are preferably actively driven. The chopping drum 10 is also actively driven.

A counter-cutting device 17 interacts with the chopping drum 10. A stripping device 18 cooperates with the lower press roller/smooth roller 16. Counter-cutting device 17 and stripping device 18 are arranged between the smooth roller 16 or lower press roller 16 and the chopping drum 10.

According to the invention, a shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 can be displaced relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and also relative to the upper press roller 15, which is arranged above the lower press roller 16. If the diameter of the chopping drum 10 decreases due to wear of the chopping knives of the chopping drum 10, the chopping drum 10 can be displaced relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and thus also relative to the upper press roller 15 in order to maintain a constant distance between the chopping drum 10 and the counter-cutting device 17 and the upper press roller 15 to maintain. As a result, with a simple structure of the chopping unit 5, a tendency to blockage can be reduced and a high chopping quality can be provided.

In the exemplary embodiment 2a and 2 B the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 is mounted with lateral shaft stubs in eccentric bearings 20. In 2a and 2 B Such an eccentric bearing 20 is shown very schematically, the eccentric bearing 20 having an outer bearing ring 21 and an inner bearing ring 22. The outer bearing ring 21 of the eccentric bearing 20 is according to 2a , 2 B in particular fixedly connected to a housing 23 of the chopper 5 in the longitudinal direction of the chopper as well as in the vertical direction of the chopper and in the transverse direction of the chopper.

By relative rotation between the bearing rings 21 and 22, the inner bearing ring 22 can be adjusted together with the shaft or axis of rotation 19 relative to the outer bearing ring 21 of the eccentric bearing 20, so that the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 and thus the entire chopping drum 10 are relative to the Counter cutting device 17 and thus also relative to the upper press roller 15 to be relocated. 2 B shows an adjustment angle α for the respective eccentric bearing 20. With such an eccentric bearing 20, it is possible to close the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 during operation of the chopping unit 5, i.e. when the chopping drum 10 is rotating, relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and to the upper press roller 15 relocate. The counter-cutting device 17 then no longer needs to be designed to be displaceable.

3a and 3b show a second exemplary embodiment of a chopping unit 5 according to the invention with a chopping drum 10, the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of which is displaceable relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and thus also relative to the upper press roller 15, in the exemplary embodiment 3a and 3b Bearing 24 for the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 engage on a pivot lever 25, which is pivotable about a pivot axis 26. The bearings 24 and thus also the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum can be rotatably displaced via the pivoting levers 25, namely relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and also to the upper press roller 15 of the chopping unit 5. 3b illustrates a pivot angle β of the pivot lever 25.

4a and 4b show a further exemplary embodiment of a chopping unit according to the invention, in which the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 can be displaced relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and thus also relative to the upper press roller 15, in which 4a and 4b Bearings 27 for the shaft or axis of rotation 19 engage linear guides 28 and can be displaced via the linear guides 28 in a translational or linear manner relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and relative to the upper press roller 15. The 4b illustrates a displacement path s of the bearings 27 of the shaft or axis of rotation 19 of the chopping drum 10 along the linear guides 28 relative to the counter-cutting device 17 and the upper press roller 15, the direction of displacement forming an acute angle with the longitudinal direction of the chopper, which runs parallel to the conveying direction of the crop.

The invention makes it possible to keep the distance to the counter-cutting device 17 and to the upper press roller 15 constant despite wear of the chopping blades of the chopping drum 10 and thus a wear-related reduction in the diameter of the chopping drum 10. This means that good chopping quality can still be provided despite wear on the chopping drum. The susceptibility to blockages is not increased.

Reference symbol list

1

agricultural harvester

2

Working aggregate

3

Corn bit

4

feeder station

5

shredder

6

Mowing and conveying element

7

feed drum

8th

funding facility

9

discharge spout

10

chopping drum

11

pair of rollers

12

pair of rollers

13

pre-press roller

14

transport roller

15

upper press roller

16

lower press roller/smooth roller

17

Counter cutting device

18

Stripping device

19

Shaft / axis of rotation

20

Eccentric bearing

21

Bearing ring

22

Bearing ring

23

Housing

24

camp

25

Swing lever

26

Pivot axis

27

camp

28

Linear guide

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202016105163 U1 [0005]
• DE 19652656 A1 [0006]
• DE 3919055 A1 [0007]

Claims (8)

Chopping unit (5) of an agricultural harvesting machine (1), with a chopping drum (10) carrying chopping knives, with a first pair of rollers (11) positioned in front of the chopping drum (10) and consisting of an upper press roller (15) and a lower press roller, as seen in the transport direction of the crop (16), with at least one second pair of rollers (12) positioned in front of the first pair of rollers (11), as seen in the transport direction of the crop, consisting of a pre-press roller (13) and a transport roller (14), with a counter-cutting device (17) which interacts with the chopping drum (10). ), which are arranged between the lower press roller (16) and the chopping drum (10), characterized in that a shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) is displaceable relative to the counter-cutting device (17). shredder Claim 1 , characterized in that the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) can be moved relative to the counter-cutting device (17) in such a way that a wear-related reduction in the diameter of the chopping drum (10) while ensuring a constant distance between the chopping drum (10) and the counter-cutting device (17) can be compensated. shredder Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) can be displaced translationally and/or rotary. shredder Claim 3 , characterized in that bearings (24, 27) of the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) can be displaced translationally and / or rotary. shredder Claim 4 , characterized in that the bearings (24) of the shaft or axis of rotation (19) engage on pivoting levers (25) and can be rotatably displaced via the pivoting levers (25). shredder Claim 4 , characterized in that the bearings (27) of the shaft or axis of rotation (19) engage linear guides (28) and can be displaced in translation via the linear guides (28). Shredder according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) is mounted in eccentric bearings (20), via which the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) can be displaced relative to the counter-cutting device (17). Shredder according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that the shaft or axis of rotation (19) of the chopping drum (10) is displaceable during operation of the chopping drum (10).

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