DE102022120778A1 - LOWERING DEVICE, SUPPORT DEVICE AND CEILING FORMWORK, AND METHOD FOR LOWERING AND RAISING A CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lowering device (10) for the construction sector, in particular for lowering ceiling formwork when removing formwork from a building ceiling. The lowering device has a support housing (1), a lifting piston (2), which is mounted in the support housing (1) so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis (L) of the lowering device (10) and from a pushed-out working position (P1) into a lowering position (P2 ) can be inserted, and a swivel arm (3) with a swivel joint (4), the swivel arm (3) being articulated at a bound end section (3a) of the same via the swivel joint (4) to the reciprocating piston (2) and by means of the swivel joint ( 4) is pivotable, the reciprocating piston (2) and the support housing (1) being supported against each other in the working position (P1) via the pivot arm (3) in an extended position of the pivot arm (3), with in the extended position a tied to one End section (3a) facing away from the free end section (3b) of the swivel arm (3) provided support element is located in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1) in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston (2) beyond the swivel joint (4) and is against the support housing (1) is supported against the latter, wherein in the lowered position (P2) the support element is arranged against the support housing (1) and the pivot arm (3) is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position. The invention also relates to a support device with the lowering device and a ceiling formwork with such a support device. The invention further relates to a method for lowering a building support and a method for raising a building support.

Description

The present invention relates to a lowering device for the construction sector, in particular for lowering ceiling formwork when stripping a building ceiling. The lowering device has a reciprocating piston and a support base, wherein the reciprocating piston is slidably mounted in the support base and can be pushed into the support base from a pushed-out position into a lowering position. The invention also relates to a support device with it and a ceiling formwork with such a support device. The invention further relates to a method for lowering a building support and a method for raising a building support.

For concreting parts of buildings, e.g. B. building ceilings, their shape is initially specified by a formlining that forms the surface of the building part. The formlining is usually formed by formwork elements in the form of simple formwork panels or so-called frame formwork elements, which usually have a steel or aluminum frame.

In the case of building ceilings, the formlining is supported by support elements or support devices. Such support devices can be, for example, building supports, which are often designed as telescopic supports, supporting scaffolding and/or consoles. After concreting, the ceiling formwork formed by the formwork elements and the support devices is under load, i.e. H. the weight of the building ceiling is supported on the building ceiling formwork, in particular the supporting devices. When stripping the at least partially hardened building ceiling, i.e. H. When removing the building ceiling formwork after the concrete of the building ceiling has set, this load means that the parts of the building ceiling formwork are very difficult to remove. In order to avoid this, it is known to integrate lowering devices into the support devices, which make it possible to lower the formwork elements a few centimeters from the surface of the building ceiling by actuating a formwork mechanism of the lowering devices, so that the contact pressure on the support elements is eliminated.

To quickly lower concrete formwork under load, it should be possible to release the lowering device with almost no load, i.e. without any effort. In generic lowering devices, a locking device similar to a telescopic stand is formed, for example by a bolt or a wedge, which fixes the lifting piston in the working position, i.e. hinders its displaceability in the support base. The reciprocating piston is supported on the support base via the bolt or the wedge. To release the stripping mechanism, the wedge or bolt is loosened, i.e. removed, so that the displacement of the reciprocating piston is restored. The reciprocating piston can thus be automatically transferred from the working position to the lowering position - following gravity.

After concreting and setting of the building ceiling, however, there is a high contact pressure of the formwork and the building ceiling on the bolt or wedge to be released, which means that removing them from their functional position fixing the reciprocating piston is usually very difficult and requires a lot of force. For example, the necessary release of the support elements when lowering the ceiling formwork is relatively difficult to accomplish. Without aids, such as hammer blows, levers or mobile hydraulics, activating the lowering mechanism of the known lowering devices is generally not possible. Uncontrolled hammer blows when loosening the support elements can lead to functional restrictions and possibly even premature component failure. The process of releasing the support elements before they can be completely switched off usually results in a considerable amount of time and effort in terms of personnel.

From the WO 2019/170192 A1 a lowering device is known in which the reciprocating piston is supported against one another by means of an articulated arm which has an eccentric lever rotatably mounted on the support base and a connecting rod element rotatably mounted on the reciprocating piston. An upper dead center position, in which the parts of the articulated arm that are articulated to one another by means of a bolt-like rotation axis are stretched, i.e. form an approximately 180 ° angle with one another, corresponds to the working position in which the reciprocating piston is pushed out relative to the support base, and a lower dead center position, in which the parts of the articulated arm form an approximately 0° angle with one another corresponds to the lowering position in which the reciprocating piston is inserted relative to the support base. On the support base above the axis of rotation in the top dead center position, a slide which is approximately J-shaped in plan view and has a long leg, a short leg and a base connecting the legs is mounted horizontally displaceably, the long leg forming a stop for the connecting rod element and the short one Leg engages around the connecting rod element in a locking position of the slide, while in a release position it releases a pivoting path of the connecting rod element away from the long leg. To trigger the pivoting of the connecting rod element away from the long leg, the long leg has a wedge-shaped slope, which when Transferring the slide from the locking position to the release position presses against the connecting rod element and thereby dissolves the dead center position. The slide is spring-loaded in the direction of the locking position and must be pulled back against the spring tension to release the connecting rod element. For this purpose, a tool engagement groove is provided on the base of the slide located outside the support base.

Due to its design and function, the articulated arm takes up a comparatively large space in the longitudinal direction of the lowering device and requires a large rotation path of approximately 180° of the eccentric lever. Since the eccentric lever and the connecting rod element shear together, coarse construction site dirt that gets into the area between the moving parts can disrupt the movement and thus make reliable operation more difficult. The same applies to the area between the connecting rod element and the slider. Both areas are encapsulated inside the support base and are difficult to access for cleaning. Actuating the slide to initiate lowering requires precise use of tools on the engagement groove of the slide and can be cumbersome and energy-consuming. The engagement of the wedge-shaped bevel on the connecting rod element is sliding or scraping and can quickly lead to wear and failure or unreliable function.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a lowering device, a support device and also a ceiling formwork, which can reduce the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular the smoothest possible, quickest and most reliable lowering under load, e.g. stripping of loaded ceiling formwork, under complete Relieving the load on the building support with the most compact design possible and as much protection as possible for actuated and/or loaded components is permitted in order to simplify the construction site process, improve the ergonomics during operation, increase construction site efficiency, extend the service life of the building supports and reduce costs.

According to the invention, the task relating to the lowering device is solved at least in partial aspects by a lowering device according to claim 1. The support device according to the invention is specified in claim 24. The ceiling formwork according to the invention has the features specified in claim 25. The method according to the invention for lowering a building support has the steps specified in claim 26. The method according to the invention for lowering a building support has the steps specified in claim 29. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and in the description.

The lowering device according to the invention is particularly suitable for support devices in the construction sector and for lowering ceiling formwork when stripping a building ceiling. The lowering device has a lifting piston, in particular forming a support head at one end, and a support housing. The lifting piston is mounted in the support housing so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the lowering device and can be pushed into the support base from a pushed-out support or working position into a lowered position. According to the invention, a swivel arm is provided with a swivel joint, the swivel arm being articulated at a bound end section of the swivel joint via the swivel joint to the reciprocating piston and being pivotable by means of the swivel joint, the reciprocating piston and the support housing being in the working position via the swivel arm in an extended position of the swivel arm are supported against each other, wherein in the extended position a support element provided on a free end section of the swivel arm facing away from the bound end section is located in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis of the support housing, viewed in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston, beyond or below the swivel joint and rests against the support housing on this is supported, wherein in the lowered position the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position.

The longitudinal axis of the lowering device coincides with the longitudinal axis of the reciprocating piston and thus defines a direction of movement of the reciprocating piston, which also corresponds to a direction of support. To describe the invention, the direction of support is also assumed to be a vertical direction in accordance with the main purpose of the lowering device, with the direction of extension of the reciprocating piston being assumed to be “up”. Of course, the lowering device can also be used in such a way that the longitudinal axis extends horizontally or obliquely or the lowering device is arranged upside down, i.e. extending downwards. As far as mentioned in the description of the lowering device, directions such as vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, sideways do not refer globally to the environment, but locally to the lowering device, with the reciprocating piston extending “upwards” in this sense. In the working position, the swivel arm is in an extended position, and the support element at the free end of the swivel arm is supported in an extension of the longitudinal axis downwards against the support housing on this, in particular a horizontal surface thereof, for example point to a base plate of the same, adjacent. A line between the swivel joint and a contact point of the support element in the working position thus defines a pivot arm longitudinal axis, which in the working position is by definition a straight extension of the longitudinal axis of the lowering device. The pivoting of the pivot arm can be described as pivoting of the pivot arm's longitudinal axis; in particular, a pivot arm angle can be measured as an angle between the longitudinal axis of the lowering device, i.e. the reciprocating piston, and the pivot arm's longitudinal axis. The extended position therefore corresponds to a swivel arm angle of approximately 180°. This is a dead center position in which all forces, in particular the support load acting through the joint axis of the swivel arm and the reaction force acting on the support element of the swivel arm against the support housing, act in one line. In the flexed position, the swivel arm is swung out to the side, ie the swivel arm angle is less than 180°. It is understood that the swivel arm in the working position can also be swung slightly beyond the extended position, i.e. swiveled by up to 1 or a little more degrees beyond the dead center and can be supported laterally against a system. This can compensate for tolerances in the mutual position of the components as well as wear effects, so that the working position can be reliably assumed to support the components. A system can be provided in the over-pivoting direction, which limits the over-pivoting. The support load can also press the swivel arm further against the system, so that force is required to overcome the dead center position, which can further contribute to reliable operation.

Due to the direct contact of the swivel arm on the support housing, an eccentric lever can be dispensed with, the overall length of the lowering device is reduced and there is only one movable element in the lowering mechanism. There are no links in an articulated arm that are shearing together and could become jammed due to coarse dirt, ensuring reliable operation and preventing premature wear. When the reciprocating piston is pulled out mechanically upwards, the swivel arm hanging from the reciprocating piston can automatically assume the extended position, which can improve operational safety and efficiency during handling. By swinging out, the load on the supported component is completely relieved.

If the support element is designed as a curved or rounded section as a plain bearing or is at least one support roller arranged at the free end of the swivel arm, the roller axis of which runs parallel to the joint axis of the swivel joint and which rests on a surface of the support housing that is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, around the free end section By supporting the swivel arm in the working position against the support housing, particularly smooth operation can be ensured. In further modifications, the support element can also be designed as a semicircular plain bearing or planar rolling carriages or flat plain bearings with an additional joint.

Depending on the design and lateral extent of the swivel arm and the support element, in particular a support roller, it can be provided that the swivel arm exits through a lateral recess in the support housing when swung out. In order to protect the interior of the support housing, in particular the contact area with the support element, from contamination and to ensure smooth operation, the swivel arm can have a roller cover which at least partially covers the support roller or another type of support element in the swing-out direction.

A swivel arm holding device can advantageously be provided, which is set up to hold the swivel arm in the extended position in the working position. As already mentioned, the working position corresponds to a dead center position. Such a dead center position enables optimal power transmission, but is potentially unstable. The swivel arm holding device allows you to keep your balance safely.

The swivel arm holding device can advantageously be set up when a force which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, is directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, is introduced into the swivel arm to release the swing arm to move the lifting piston into the lowering position. The force can, but does not have to be, applied to the swivel arm holding device.

For example, the swivel arm holding device can comprise at least one resilient pressure piece, in particular with a spherical or at least curved outer surface of a pressure end piece, which is resiliently supported by a pressure piece housing, is guided by the pressure piece housing and protrudes from one end of the pressure piece housing, which is arranged on or in the swivel arm is and cooperates with at least one recess, in particular in the form of an elongated hole, on or in the support housing in order to hold the swivel arm in the extended position around the dead center in the working position. Such pressure pieces are known per se and can be used cheaply as standard components according to specifications cation, especially with regard to spring travel and pressure force, can be purchased. In the end position, the pressure piece can latch into the respective recess and hold the swivel arm securely in a defined position until the pressure force is overcome by an external force.

Advantageously, the at least one resilient pressure piece can have at least one pair of resilient pressure pieces, which are each arranged on ends of the free end portion of the pivot arm facing away from one another on an inner surface of the support housing, in particular integrated into the shaft of a support roller provided as a support portion. This enables symmetrical operation in which moments in a plane passing through the axis of the swivel joint of the swivel arm can be avoided or at least minimized.

The dead center overcoming threshold value can be determined or at least co-determined by the force that is required to compress the resilient pressure piece(s) so that the resilient pressure piece(s) are lifted out of the respective recess and rest against one/the inside of the support housing. The pressure force of the pressure piece, together with the engagement geometry on the recess, in particular the engagement depth and the edge design of the recess, thus determines the dead center overcoming threshold value.

For a reliable and easy overcoming of the dead center overcoming threshold value, a striking plate accessible from outside the support housing can be attached, in particular molded, to the free end of the swivel arm, by actuation of which the reciprocating piston can be moved into the lowering position.

At the level of the free end of the pivot arm, in particular at the level of a roller axis of a support roller provided as a support element, a firing pin can be designed, guided by the support housing and accessible from outside the support housing in such a way that an impulse can be generated by a strike on the firing pin , which is sufficient to generate a force acting on the swivel arm that is substantially perpendicular to the hinge axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, directed in the direction of flexion of the swivel arm and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value to force the swivel arm out of the To swing out the extended position in order to move the lifting piston into the lowering position. Thanks to the guided firing pin, the direction of the force acting on the swivel arm can be reliably maintained and misses can be avoided or reduced.

Advantageously, the firing pin can be subjected to a spring force by means of a spring element, so that when the firing pin is released, it is accelerated in the direction towards and against the pivot arm. In this way, even without a hammer blow, the dead center overcoming threshold value can be overcome particularly reliably, easily and reproducibly with the same, defined and well-dosed force. Alternatively or additionally, a spring reset can also be provided, which returns the firing pin or the sliding element to the starting position after the hammer or spring has been actuated and thus “arms” the lowering trigger mechanism again for the next lowering process.

In embodiments, a return spring element, in particular in the form of a leg spring, can also be provided, which interacts with the pivot arm and/or directly with the reciprocating piston in such a way that the reciprocating piston is pressed in the direction of the working position by means of the return spring element. In this way, an automatic or at least supported return of the swivel arm to the extended position can be achieved.

The return spring element can be integrated into the mechanism in a particularly functional and space-saving manner by mounting an approximately cylindrical center piece of the return spring element, which is provided in the form of a leg spring, around the axis of rotation of the swivel joint, with a first leg and a second leg protruding approximately tangentially from the center piece, whereby the first leg is supported in the lifting direction against the reciprocating piston and the second leg is supported in the extension direction against the pivot arm, in particular in the area of the free end, preferably in the area of a roller axis of a support roller provided there, so that the reciprocating piston is moved in the direction of the by means of the return spring element working position can be pressed. The return spring element can thus be mounted directly on the axis around which it is intended to rotate.

As mentioned, the support housing can have a recess such that at least one outward-facing section of the free end of the pivot arm can protrude into the recess and/or through it in the lowered position. The pivoting range of the pivot arm is therefore not limited to the interior of the support housing; the length of the pivot arm can be designed independently of the cross section of the support housing and the reciprocating piston.

A housing flap is either designed to be deformable and rigidly attached to the support housing or is designed to be rigid and hinged, in particular attached to open downwards during operation of the lowering device, which is designed to cover the recess for shielding against external influences as soon as the at least one outward-facing section of the swivel arm no longer protrudes through this. For example, the housing flap can have elastic properties, for example thin spring material or plastic material. This allows operational safety to be further improved.

A clamping lever element that can be actuated from outside the support housing can be arranged on the free end section of the swivel arm, by actuating the clamping lever element, for example in the form of clamping the clamping lever element with an opening in or an elevation on the support housing, the reciprocating piston can be held in the working or lowering position. With such a clamping lever element, the respective position can be held particularly securely. The clamping lever element can be provided as an alternative or in addition to other holding elements, such as spring pressure pieces or the like.

To initiate a swing out, a swivel arm triggering device can be provided, which is designed to generate a force that is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value to release the swivel arm, to exert on the swivel arm in order to move the reciprocating piston into the lowering position, the swivel arm release device comprising a sliding element with a wedge-shaped section for introducing the force into the free end of the swivel arm. With the sliding element, the introduction of force can be implemented in a particularly simple manner.

If the sliding element is arranged on the support housing and displaceable relative thereto in essentially the same position with respect to the longitudinal axis as the support element of the swivel arm in the working position, the introduction of force is particularly effective.

The pivot arm release device may also include a trigger return spring element biased to hold the sliding element in a deactivated position in which no force acts on the pivot arm to release the pivot arm by means of the wedge-shaped section, the sliding element being attached to the support housing by means of the trigger return spring element. Reliable operation can thereby be improved by automatically bringing the swivel arm release device back into the starting position after actuation so that it is ready for the next actuation.

A tool engagement groove or strike plate accessible from outside the support housing can be attached to the sliding element, in particular molded on, in such a way that by receiving an impulse applied to the strike plate, the force can be introduced into the swivel arm to release the swivel arm by means of the wedge-shaped section . This can make the actuation to trigger the swing-out movement easier.

The sliding element can advantageously have a retaining lug which is designed to engage in a recess in the swivel arm or to grip around an outer contour of the swivel arm in order to hold the swivel arm in the extended position around the dead center. The sliding element can therefore simultaneously serve as a swivel arm holding device and as a swivel arm release device.

A firing pin can be guided by the support housing and accessible from outside the support housing in such a way that an impulse can be generated on the sliding element by striking the firing pin in a direction substantially along the joint axis of the swivel joint or along the longitudinal axis of the lowering device is sufficient to introduce a force transmitted by means of the wedge-shaped section, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm, and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value of the swivel arm, into the swivel arm the firing pin is preferably subjected to a spring force by means of a spring element, so that when the firing pin is released, it is accelerated in the direction of and against the sliding element. In this way, actuation of the sliding element to trigger the pivot arm can be carried out easily.

The support device according to the invention for the construction sector comprises at least one lowering device as described above, the support device being a construction support, in particular a heavy-duty support, or a support structure, in particular in the form of a support tower. The supporting framework can also include other general supporting structures such as trusses, girder grids, or other load-bearing elements such as a console or one with the development of supporting structures in construction Be or include another carrying device common to a specialist entrusted to the area.

The ceiling formwork according to the invention has the support device described above and a formlining element, the formlining element being supported by means of the lowering device. For example, a fresh concrete ceiling is supported via the formlining elements mentioned. Other applications for the support device or lowering device according to the invention, which do not require a formlining element, relate, for example, to prefabricated element ceilings or existing concrete ceilings in dismantling, which are supported directly via support supports.

• Bereitstellen der Baustütze mit einer Absenkeinrichtung, insbesondere an einem unterem Ende der Baustütze in dessen aufgerichtetem Zustand, wenn die Baustütze aufgerichtet ist, mit einem Stützgehäuse, einem Hubkolben, der in dem Stützgehäuse verschiebbar in Richtung einer Längsachse der Absenkeinrichtung gelagert ist und von einer herausgeschobenen Arbeitsposition in eine Absenkposition einschiebbar ist, und einem Schwenkarm mit einem Drehgelenk, wobei der Schwenkarm an einem gebundenen Endabschnitt des Drehgelenks über das Drehgelenk an den Hubkolben angelenkt ist und mittels des Drehgelenks schwenkbar ist, wobei der Hubkolben und das Stützgehäuse in der Arbeitsposition über den Schwenkarm in einer Streckstellung des Schwenkarms gegeneinander abgestützt sind, wobei in der Streckstellung ein an einem dem gebundenen Endabschnitt abgewandten freien Endabschnitt des Schwenkarms vorgesehenes Stützelement sich in im Wesentlichen gerader Verlängerung der Längsachse des Stützgehäuses in Einschubrichtung des Hubkolbens gesehen jenseits oder unterhalb des Drehgelenks befindet und sich gegen das Stützgehäuse an diesem anliegend abstützt, wobei in der Absenkposition das Stützelement an dem Stützgehäuse anliegend angeordnet und bezüglich der Streckstellung seitlich in eine Beugestellung ausgeschwenkt ist,

The method according to the invention for lowering a building support has the following steps:

• Providing the building support with a lowering device, in particular at a lower end of the building support in its erected state when the building support is erected, with a support housing, a reciprocating piston which is mounted in the support housing so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the lowering device and from a pushed-out working position can be inserted into a lowering position, and a swivel arm with a swivel joint, the swivel arm being articulated at a bound end section of the swivel joint via the swivel joint to the reciprocating piston and being pivotable by means of the swivel joint, the reciprocating piston and the support housing being in the working position via the swivel arm an extended position of the swivel arm are supported against each other, wherein in the extended position a support element provided on a free end section of the swivel arm facing away from the bound end section is located in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis of the support housing, viewed in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston, beyond or below the swivel joint and is against that Support housing is supported against this, wherein in the lowered position the support element is arranged against the support housing and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position,

Holding the reciprocating piston in the working position,
Action of a force acting on the swivel arm, which is substantially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, and
Moving the lifting piston into the lowering position by swinging the swivel arm laterally into a flexed position.

The method uses the lowering device described above in the intended manner and can therefore achieve the same advantages and effects as this. For example, it can contribute to significant time and cost savings by facilitating a stripping operation on the construction site.

The reciprocating piston can be held in the working position by means of a swivel arm holding device, with the swivel arm being released for swinging out into the flexed position before the force is applied by a separate process and/or by the action of the force, which overcomes a holding effect of the swivel arm holding device.

Furthermore, the reciprocating piston can be held in the working or lowering position by actuating a clamping lever element which is arranged on the free end section of the pivot arm and can be actuated from outside the support housing. The actuation can take place, for example, in the form of jamming the clamping lever element with an opening in or an elevation on the support housing.

• Bereitstellen der Baustütze mit einer Absenkeinrichtung, insbesondere an einem unterem Ende der Baustütze in dessen aufgerichtetem Zustand, wenn die Baustütze aufgerichtet ist, mit einem Stützgehäuse, einem Hubkolben, der in dem Stützgehäuse verschiebbar in Richtung einer Längsachse der Absenkeinrichtung gelagert ist und von einer herausgeschobenen Arbeitsposition in eine Absenkposition einschiebbar ist, und einem Schwenkarm mit einem Drehgelenk, wobei der Schwenkarm an einem gebundenen Endabschnitt des Drehgelenks über das Drehgelenk an den Hubkolben angelenkt ist und mittels des Drehgelenks schwenkbar ist, wobei der Hubkolben und das Stützgehäuse in der Arbeitsposition über den Schwenkarm in einer Streckstellung des Schwenkarms gegeneinander abgestützt sind, wobei in der Streckstellung ein an einem dem gebundenen Endabschnitt abgewandten freien Endabschnitt des Schwenkarms vorgesehenes Stützelement sich in im Wesentlichen gerader Verlängerung der Längsachse des Stützgehäuses in Einschubrichtung des Hubkolbens gesehen jenseits oder unterhalb des Drehgelenks befindet und sich gegen das Stützgehäuse an diesem anliegend abstützt, wobei in der Absenkposition das Stützelement an dem Stützgehäuse anliegend angeordnet und bezüglich der Streckstellung seitlich in eine Beugestellung ausgeschwenkt ist; und

The method according to the invention for lifting a building support has the following steps:

• Providing the building support with a lowering device, in particular at a lower end of the building support in its erected state when the building support is erected, with a support housing, a reciprocating piston which is mounted in the support housing so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the lowering device and from a pushed-out working position can be inserted into a lowering position, and a swivel arm with a swivel joint, the swivel arm being articulated at a bound end section of the swivel joint via the swivel joint to the reciprocating piston and being pivotable by means of the swivel joint, the reciprocating piston and the support housing being in the working position via the swivel arm an extended position of the swivel arm are supported against each other, wherein in the extended position a support element provided on a free end section of the swivel arm facing away from the bound end section is located in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis of the support housing, viewed in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston, beyond or below the swivel joint and is against that Support housing is supported against this, whereby in the Lowering position, the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position; and

Raising the reciprocating piston from the lowering position into the working position, preferably by means of a return spring element of the support housing, in particular in the form of a leg spring, which interacts with the pivot arm and/or the support housing and/or the reciprocating piston itself in such a way that the reciprocating piston moves in the direction of the reciprocating spring element by means of the return spring element working position is pressed.

The method uses the lowering device described above in the intended manner and can therefore achieve the same advantages and effects as this. For example, it can contribute to significant time and cost savings by facilitating a formwork process on the construction site.

After being lifted into the working position, the reciprocating piston can be held in the working position by means of a swivel arm holding device until a force is introduced into the swivel arm, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint and to the longitudinal axis of the support housing, in a bending direction of the swivel arm directed, and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value of the swivel arm, the swivel arm is released. This means that lowering can then be initiated in a simple manner.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, from the patent claims and from the figures in the drawing, which show details essential to the invention. The features shown in the drawing are shown in such a way that the special features according to the invention can be made clearly visible. The various features can be implemented individually or in groups in any combination in variants of the invention. In the figures, the same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding elements.

• 1A-1C eine Absenkeinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Arbeitsposition A und in einer Absenkposition B in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht sowie in der Arbeitsposition in einer teilweise geschnittenen stirnseitigen Ansicht C;
• 2A, 2B eine Bodenplatte eines Stützgehäuses der Absenkeinrichtung von 1A-1C von oben in einer Gesamtsicht A und einer Einzelheit B;
• 3A, 3B die Absenkeinrichtung von 1A-1C in einer in der Mittelebene geschnittenen Seitenansicht in der Arbeitsposition A und in der Absenkposition B;
• 4A-4D eine Absenkeinrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Arbeitsposition A und in einer Absenkposition B in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht, in der Arbeitsposition in einer teilweise geschnittenen stirnseitigen Ansicht C sowie in einer entlang einer Schnittebene D-D in 4C geschnittenen Draufsicht D;
• 5 eine Stützrolle in der Absenkeinrichtung von 1A-3B oder 4A-4D in einer aufgeschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 6 ein Federdruckelement in der Absenkeinrichtung von 4A-4D in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 7A, 7B eine Stützvorrichtung mit einer Strebe und einer erfindungsgemäßen Absenkeinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 8 eine Stützvorrichtung in Form einer Baustütze gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 9 einen oberen Teil einer Baustütze mit einem herkömmlichen Absenkmechanismus.

Show it:

• 1A-1C a lowering device according to an exemplary embodiment in a working position A and in a lowering position B in a partially sectioned side view and in the working position in a partially sectioned front view C;
• 2A , 2 B a base plate of a support housing of the lowering device 1A-1C from above in an overall view A and a detail B;
• 3A , 3B the lowering device of 1A-1C in a side view cut in the middle plane in the working position A and in the lowering position B;
• 4A-4D a lowering device according to a further exemplary embodiment in a working position A and in a lowering position B in a partially sectioned side view, in the working position in a partially sectioned front view C and in one along a sectional plane DD in 4C sectioned top view D;
• 5 a support roller in the lowering device 1A-3B or 4A-4D in a cut-away perspective view;
• 6 a spring pressure element in the lowering device of FIGS. 4A-4D in a perspective view;
• 7A , 7B a support device with a strut and a lowering device according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 8th a support device in the form of a building support according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 9 an upper part of a building support with a conventional lowering mechanism.

In the 1A until 3B a lowering device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in various views. The lowering device 10 has a longitudinal axis designated L, a support housing 1, a lifting piston 2, and a pivot arm 3. The reciprocating piston 2 is mounted in the support housing 1 so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis L and can be inserted from a pushed-out working position P1 into a lowered position P2. The reciprocating piston 2 and the position of the swivel arm 3 are in the 1A , 1C and 3A in the working position and in the 1B and 3B shown in the lowered position. The lowering device is 10 in 1A and 1B shown in a side view, in which the support housing 1 is cut in a central plane along the longitudinal axis L, is in 3A and 3B in the same view, with the reciprocating piston 2 and the swivel arm 3 also being cut in the same central plane, and is in 1C in a front view according to arrows CC in 1A shown, in which the support housing 1 is cut in a central plane along the longitudinal axis L, further shows 2A one along a level II-II in 1C sectional top view of a base plate 11 of the support housing ses 1 and shows 2 B one in 2A Enlarged detail circled.

For the purposes of the description, the longitudinal axis L is defined as the vertical axis z and the extension direction of the reciprocating piston 2 is defined as "up", i.e. positively vertical, regardless of the position of the lowering device 10, 10 ', 10 "or the support device 70, 70 ', 80 in space. Thus, the extension direction of the reciprocating piston 2 along the longitudinal axis L coincides with a local vertical direction z. The axis of rotation S of the swivel joint 4 and the roller axis R of the support roller 5, if present, run parallel to a direction that is perpendicular is to the vertical axis z and is defined as the transverse direction y. A direction in which the pivot arm 3 swings out of the extended position and which is perpendicular to the axes z and y thus defines a remaining local direction or swing-out direction x.

More precisely, the reciprocating piston 2 has a shaft section 15 and a support head 16 arranged at an upper end of the shaft section 15, which here has the shape of a flange plate, and the support base 1 has a shaft section 12 and a base plate 11 arranged at its lower end. The shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 is slightly larger in cross section than the shaft section 15 of the reciprocating piston 2, so that the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 accommodates the shaft section 15 of the reciprocating piston 2 in a displaceable manner in the direction of the longitudinal axis L. The shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 has an upper edge 12a, on which an underside of the support head 16 of the reciprocating piston 2 can rest in the lowering position P2. The upper edge 12a can have a depression 74 in the middle, cf. 7B , so that the underside of the support head 16 of the reciprocating piston 2 only rests in the corners of the upper edge 12a, which can make leveling easier. However, placing the reciprocating piston 2 on the upper edge 12a is not mandatory; rather, other stop elements can be provided on the shaft section 15 of the reciprocating piston 2 or on the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1, which limit an insertion path of the reciprocating piston. The height difference along the longitudinal axis L between the working position P1 and the lowering position P2 is characterized by a stroke H. The stroke H can typically be about 20 mm, but this is purely exemplary. At its lower end, the shaft section 12 is inserted and secured, preferably welded, into slots 20 formed in the base plate 11.

The pivot arm 3 has a first or bound end section 3a and a second or free end section 3b facing away from the bound end section 3a. The swivel arm 3 is articulated at the bound end section 3a via a swivel joint 4 to the reciprocating piston 2 and can be swiveled by means of the swivel joint 4 and has a support section on the free end section 3b. In an extended position of the swivel arm 3, the support element is located on the free end section 3b of the swivel arm 3 in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1, viewed in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston 2, beyond, i.e., below the swivel joint 4 and is supported against the support housing 1 adjacent to this. The extended position of the swivel arm 3 defines the highest position of the reciprocating piston 2 and thus determines the working position P1. Thus, the reciprocating piston 2 and the support housing 1 are supported against each other in the working position P1 via the swivel arm 3 in the extended position of the swivel arm 3. In this case, even in the lowered position P2, the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing 1 and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position.

In this exemplary embodiment, the swivel joint 4 has a continuous shaft or bolt which is mounted in bores in walls of the shaft section 15 of the reciprocating piston 2 and the swivel arm 3 and defines an axis of rotation S. For axial support between the reciprocating piston 2 and the swivel arm 3, disks can be provided which are arranged on the bolt. The bolt can protrude through a guide opening, such as an elongated hole, in the wall of the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1. However, the invention is not limited to this; rather, the swivel joint 4 can also disappear completely inside the support housing 1. The axial securing of the bolt can take place at one end via a head of the bolt and at the other end via a fastening means such as a snap ring, a locking nut, a locking pin or the like. In modifications, the bolt of the swivel joint 4 can also be screwed into a wall of the shaft section 15 of the reciprocating piston. The bolt can be rotatable relative to the reciprocating piston 2 and rotatable relative to the swivel arm 3 or rotatable relative to the reciprocating piston 2 and non-rotatable relative to the swivel arm 3 or rotatable relative to both the reciprocating piston 2 and the swivel arm 3. The rotatable mounting of the swivel joint 4 can be carried out directly in a sliding manner or by means of additional plain or roller bearings. Even if the swivel joint 4 is described as part of the swivel arm 3 for the sake of simplicity, the swivel joint 4 can also be part of the support housing 1 or an independent component.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the support section at the free end 3b of the pivot arm 3 is realized by a support roller 5, which has a support shaft 6 which defines a roller axis R ned and axially secured via a locking pin 7, is rotatably mounted on the free end 3b of the swivel arm. For the purposes of the invention, a support roller of the NATV20 type from INA has proven to be suitable, which is in 5 shown in a cut perspective view according to the manufacturer's data sheet. This is a roller with a roller body 50 with an outer diameter Da = 47 mm, which is mounted on an inner ring 51 with an inner diameter di = 20 mm via needles 52. Rings 53 encapsulate the needle area laterally. This roller has a width B = 25 mm and a static radial load capacity of 42,500 N. The invention is not limited by the choice of this role as a support role 50. Rather, other roles can also be used depending on requirements. Relevant for the selection of the support roller 5 is a high radial load capacity and a low installation height. A gap seal on both sides, a wide outer ring and a spherical outer surface of the roller body 50 are advantageous, which reduces the Hertzian pressure and the wear of the mating track as well as a low edge load and can thus increase the service life of all components. The invention is also not limited to the support roller 50 as a support section. Rather, the support section can also be designed as a curved or rounded section as a plain bearing. On the other hand, the support section can also have several support rollers. Again, it goes without saying that the type of storage and securing of the support shaft 6 can be freely designed and designed according to the requirements. However, the use of the support roller 5 is advantageous because it takes the friction out of the process. The support roller 5 can be held securely on the pivot lever 3 with the bolt-like support shaft 6. When the support head 16 of the reciprocating piston 2 rests on the upper edge of the housing 12b, the lowering part is load-free. The surface 11a of the base plate 11 of the support housing 1 can have a hardened web in the area where the support roller 5 rolls, which can be carried out, for example, by a coating, surface treatment or a corresponding insert or attachment.

In the working position P1, the support roller 5 is supported on the support housing 1, more precisely on an upper surface 11a of the base plate 11 of the support housing 1, and rolls off it when swung out, so that the support roller 5 also in the lowered position P2 on this surface 11a Base plate 11 of the support housing 1 rests. As in, among other things 1A shown, the contact point or the contact line of the support roller 5 lies on the surface 11a in the working position P1 in a straight extension of the longitudinal axis L below the rotation axis S of the swivel joint 4. In other words, a swivel arm axis, which connects the swivel axis S with the roller axis R, In the working position, forms an angle of 180° with the longitudinal axis. This position of the pivot arm 3 is therefore an extended position. In the lowering position P2, the swivel arm 3 is swung out by a swivel angle of - in this exemplary embodiment - approximately 45°, so that the swivel arm axis encloses an angle of approximately 135° with the longitudinal axis L. In modifications, the swivel angle can take on a smaller or larger value, with a theoretical maximum value being 90°, which cannot be achieved for design reasons, namely because of the expansion of the swivel arm 3 and the support roller 5.

In this exemplary embodiment, the free end section 3b of the pivot arm 3 projects through or into a recess 12b in the wall of the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 in the pivoting direction. As a result, the pivot arm can protrude beyond the limits of the cross section of the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1, at least in the lowered position P2, without the dimensions of the shaft section 12 having to be changed. The swivel arm 3 can have two parallel, plate-shaped cheeks, which accommodate the support roller 5 between them. A wall 37 can extend between the two cheeks, which on the one hand stabilizes the swivel arm 3 and on the other hand can be designed so that it serves as a roller cover, which at least partially covers the support roller 5 in the swing-out direction. In this way, any dirt particles that may penetrate through the recess 12b can be repelled or at least largely kept away from the support roller 5.

To lock the swivel arm 3 in the working position P1, a clamping lever 8 is provided in this exemplary embodiment. The clamping lever 8 is rotatably mounted about a clamping lever axis K by means of a clamping lever bearing 9 in the wall 37 of the swivel arm 3. The clamping lever 8 is between a clamping position, which is in 1C is shown in dashed lines, and a release position, which is in 1C is shown solid, pivotable. In a clamping position, the clamping lever 8 can engage with one end in a clamping groove 11b, which is formed in the base plate 11 of the support housing 1 when the pivot arm 3 is in the extended position. The clamping groove 11b, which is in 1A in context and in 2 B is shown in an enlarged detail, has a clamping section 21 and an adjoining catching section 22. The clamping section 21 tapers towards its end 23, at which it has a radius r1, with a clamping angle w1, with a contact wall 24 of the clamping section 21, which is at a distance d from the edge of the base plate 11 and on which the clamping lever 8 swings out the swivel arm 3 comes into contact, is formed at right angles to the swing-out direction x, so that automatic loosening of the clamping lever 8 is inhibited, and an opposite wall 25 is formed obliquely thereto at the clamping angle w1 and is a common wall of the clamping section 21 and the catching section 22. The catch section 22 opens with a catch angle w1 +w2 to an immersion end 26 with a radius r2, in that a further wall 27 bends away from the contact wall by the angle w2. So the end of the clamping lever 8 can easily dip into the clamping groove 11b. In the release position, the end of the clamping lever 8 is released from the clamping groove 11b, so that the swinging out movement of the swivel arm 3 is also released. The clamping lever 8 thus forms a locking device for the pivot arm 3 in the extended position or the working position P1 of the reciprocating piston 2. Instead of the clamping lever 11b, another obstacle for the clamping lever 8, such as an elevation on the surface 11a of the base plate 1, can also be provided . The clamping lever 8 can also be or form a swivel arm holding device in the sense of the invention. By using the clamping lever 8, which can be clamped in the base plate 11 of the support housing 1, a precise vertical alignment of the reciprocating piston 2 in the dead center position can be achieved. The lateral load on the swivel arm 3 and the clamping lever 8 is low. The clamping lever 8 enables easy unlocking to lower the reciprocating piston 2.

In the extended position of the swivel arm 3, the reciprocating piston 2 is in the working position P1. This corresponds to a dead center position of the swivel arm. If necessary, in the working position P1, the swivel arm 3 can also be slightly over-extended, approximately 0.5° or 1°, beyond the dead center position, so that the balance between the reciprocating piston 2, swivel arm 3 and support housing 1 is stabilized when the swivel arm 3 is attached to the support housing 1, in particular an inner wall of the shaft section 12 of the same, comes into contact and is pressed against it by the support load acting downward on the reciprocating piston. A force required to overcome this position is a dead center overcoming threshold. In order to apply this force, a swivel arm triggering device in the form of a striking plate 13 can be provided, which is set up to apply a force that is essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation S of the swivel joint 4 and to the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1, in a direction of flexion of the swivel arm 3 is directed and is equal to or greater than the dead center overcoming threshold to release the pivot arm 3, exert on the pivot arm 3 to move the reciprocating piston 2 into the lowering position P2.

A striking plate 13, which is accessible from outside the support housing 1, can be attached, in particular formed, to the free end section 3b of the pivot arm 3, by actuating which the reciprocating piston 2 can be moved into the lowering position P2. The striking plate can take any conceivable and sensible shape, including a stamp or anvil with an outwardly projecting striking surface. The striking plate 13 can protrude outwards through an opening 12c on a side of the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 opposite the swing-out direction x. When the clamping lever 8 is in the release position, see the solid illustration in 1C , an impulse can be generated by a blow in the direction of impact 17, which is sufficient to generate a force acting on the swivel arm 3, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint 4 and to the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1, in the direction of flexion of the Swivel arm 3 is directed and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, see 1A . As a result, the swivel arm 3 can swing out of the extended position in the swiveling direction 18 in order to move the reciprocating piston 2 in the lowering direction 19 into the lowering position P2, cf. 1 B . In the sense of the direction definitions, the impact direction or impulse direction 17 and the swing-out direction 18, which corresponds to a direction of movement of the support roller 5 or the support section of the pivot arm 3 when the same is pivoted out, run along the swing-out direction x, and the lowering direction 19 of the reciprocating piston 2 corresponds to the negative vertical direction -e.g.

Alternatively or as an additional option to the striking plate 13, a firing pin (not shown) can be designed at the level of the free end section 3b of the pivot arm 3, in particular at the level of the roller axis R of the support element, in particular the support roller 5 provided as such, in such a way that it is guided by the support housing 1 and be accessible from outside the support housing 1, so that an impulse can be generated by striking the firing pin, which is sufficient to generate a force acting on the pivot arm 3, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint 4 and to the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1 is directed in the bending direction of the pivot arm 3 and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value in order to pivot the pivot arm 3 out of the extended position in order to move the reciprocating piston 2 into the lowering position P2. Such a firing pin can be subjected to a spring force by means of a spring element, so that when the firing pin is released, it is accelerated in the direction of and against the pivot arm 3. In this case, the firing pin itself does not necessarily have to be accessible from the outside, but can be a locking element ment, for example in the form of a detent, can be provided, which blocks the path of the firing pin and which can be actuated from the outside in order to release the firing pin so that it can be accelerated by the spring element. Furthermore, a return mechanism can also be provided which controls the spring-loaded firing pin to return to a starting position against the spring force, whereby the locking element can spring back into the locking position, possibly due to spring preload or inherent elasticity, in order to “arm” the firing pin again.

In this exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating piston 2 is biased in the extension direction 36 by a return spring element 30, cf. 3A and 3B . The return spring element 30 interacts with the pivot arm 3 and/or directly with the reciprocating piston 2 in such a way that the reciprocating piston 2 is pressed in the direction of the working position P1 by means of the return spring element. In this exemplary embodiment, the return spring element 30 is designed as a leg spring, the approximately cylindrical middle piece 31 of which is mounted about the axis of rotation S of the swivel joint 4, with a first leg 32 and a second leg 33 protruding approximately tangentially from the middle piece 31. The first leg 32 is supported in the lifting direction 36 against the reciprocating piston 2 and the second leg 33 is supported in the stretching direction against the pivot arm 3, in particular in the area of the free end section 3b, preferably in the area of the roller axis R of the support roller 5. The return spring element 30 is compressed in the flexed position of the swivel arm 3, so that the spring force initially acts in a spreading direction of the return spring element 30 around the swivel joint 4, cf. 3B . This forces the swivel arm 3 to rotate around the swivel joint 4 in the reverse rotation direction 34, the support roller 5 rolls on the surface 11a of the base plate 11 of the support housing 1 in the reverse pivot direction 35, and the reciprocating piston 2 is pressed in the extension direction 36 . The reciprocating piston 2 can thus be pressed in the direction of the working position P1 by means of the return spring element 30. In the extended position, cf. 3A , the return spring element 30 can also exert a preload in the extension direction and support the dead center position until the clamping lever 8 is brought into the clamping position and the pivot arm 3 can be securely held or locked in the extended position. The return spring element 30 enables the reciprocating piston 2 to be automatically returned to the working position P1, which can be secured by the clamping lever 8. The rapid lowering of the lowering device 10 is therefore activated.

A lowering device 10 'according to a further exemplary embodiment is in 4A to 4D shown. The lowering device 10' of this exemplary embodiment is a modification of the previously described exemplary embodiment and differs from it only with regard to the features described below. The structure of the lowering device 10 'with support housing 1, lifting piston 2, swivel arm 3, swivel joint 4, support roller 5 basically corresponds to that of the lowering device 10 of the previous exemplary embodiment, but the clamping lever 8 is omitted.

The reciprocating piston 2 and the position of the swivel arm 3 of the lowering device 10 'are in the 4A and 4C in the working position P1 and in the 4B shown in the lowering position P2. The lowering device 10 'in 4A and 4B shown in a side view, in which the support housing 1 is cut in a central plane along the longitudinal axis L, in 4C in a sectioned front view according to arrows CC in 4A , and in 4D in a along a plane DD in 4C sectional cross-sectional view at the height of the roller axis R.

In this exemplary embodiment, the lowering device 10 'has a swivel arm holding device, which is set up to hold the swivel arm 3 in the extended position in the working position P1. In this exemplary embodiment, the swivel arm holding device has a pair of resilient pressure pieces 40, which are arranged on the free end section 3b of the swivel arm 3 facing away from one another and facing an inner surface of the support housing 1, and which cooperate with at least one respective recess 41 in the form of an elongated hole in the support housing 1 in order to hold the swivel arm 3 in the extended position around the dead center in the working position P1. In this exemplary embodiment, the resilient pressure pieces 40 are integrated into the support shaft 6 of the support roller 5 provided as a support section at opposite ends or end faces 45 of the support shaft 6. If, in variants, the support section of the pivot lever does not have a support roller 5, the resilient pressure pieces 20 can also simply be embedded in sides or surfaces that point away from one another and towards the inner surfaces of the support housing 1. The resilient pressure pieces 40 can each have a pressure end piece 43, which is resiliently supported by a pressure piece housing 42, here by means of a compression spring 44 located in the pressure piece housing 42, is guided by the pressure piece housing 42 and protrudes from one end of the pressure piece housing 42, cf. 6 . The pressure end piece 43 can have a spherical or at least spherical or curved outer surface and can in particular be designed as a spherical pressure end piece 43 which can rotate in the pressure piece housing 42. In modifications, pressure end pieces with a wedge-shaped or conical outer surface are also possible.

The sum of the holding effects of all resilient pressure end pieces 40 in the respective recesses 41 determines the overall holding effect of the swivel arm holding device. The dead center overcoming threshold value is therefore determined or at least co-determined by the force that is required to compress the resilient pressure piece(s) 40, so that the resilient pressure piece(s) 40 are lifted out of the respective recess 41 and rest against one/the inside of the support housing 1. The holding effect of each resilient pressure piece 40 is determined, among other things, by the shape of the pressure end piece 43, the depth of penetration into the recess 41 and the shape of an edge of the recess 41. Only when a force, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis S of the swivel joint 4 and to the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1, is directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm 3 and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, is introduced into the swivel arm 3 , the swivel arm holding device formed by the resilient pressure pieces 40 releases the swivel arm 3 in order to move the reciprocating piston 2 into the lowering position P2.

It should be noted that in principle only one resilient pressure piece 40 can be sufficient to achieve the holding effect, but a pair arrangement has the advantage of a symmetrical application of force and can avoid transverse forces in the swivel arm 3 and bending moments on the swivel joint 4. Conversely, more than two resilient pressure pieces 20 or more than one pair of resilient pressure pieces 20 can also be provided in order to increase the holding effect or the holding security.

As described above, in this embodiment, the clamping lever 8 of the previous embodiment is omitted. However, this is not mandatory; in this exemplary embodiment, the clamping lever 8 or another clamping element can also be provided as an additional locking or securing device.

7A shows a support device 70 with a strut 71 and the lowering device 10 of the first exemplary embodiment, the support device 70 also being an embodiment of the invention. The support device 70 is suitable for the construction sector, so the strut 71 can be, for example, a construction support, in particular a heavy-duty support, or a stay of a support structure, such as a support tower. The strut 71 has a flange plate 72 at the end, which fits together with the support head 16 of the reciprocating piston 2 of the lowering device 10. The flange plate 72 has a drilling pattern of holes that at least partially corresponds to holes (not shown) on the support head 16, so that the flange plate 72 can be screwed and/or pinned to the support head 16. To make assembly easier, centering elements and counter-centering elements can also be provided on the flange plate 72 and on the support head 16.

7B shows a support device 70 'with a strut 71 and a further variant of a lowering device 10". In the lowering device 10" of this exemplary embodiment, in addition or as an alternative to the striking plate 13, a sliding element 73 is provided as a swivel arm release device, which in the figure only has one from the support housing 2 protruding part is shown. The sliding element 73 is mounted so that it can move horizontally on the shaft section 12 of the support housing 1 and projects into the interior of the support housing 1, with an actuation section being accessible from the outside.

The sliding element 73 can comprise a wedge-shaped section, not shown here, in the interior of the support housing 1, which is designed to introduce the force into the free end section 3b of the pivot arm 3. A trigger return spring element, not shown here, can be provided, which is biased to hold the sliding element 73 in a deactivated position, in which no force acts on the swivel arm 3 to release the swivel arm 3 by means of the wedge-shaped section, the sliding element 73 being activated by means of the Trigger return spring element is attached to the support housing 1. A tool engagement groove or strike plate, not shown here, which is accessible from outside the support housing 1, can be attached to the sliding element 73, in particular formed or formed, in such a way that by receiving an impulse applied to the strike plate, the force in the swivel arm 3 to release the swivel arm 3 can be initiated by means of the wedge-shaped section. Furthermore, the sliding element 73 can have a retaining lug, not shown here, which is designed to engage in a recess in the swivel arm 3 or to grip around an outer contour of the swivel arm 3 in order to hold the swivel arm 3 in the extended position around the dead center. Alternatively, to actuate the sliding element 73, a firing pin (not shown here) can be guided by the support housing 1 and accessible from outside the support housing 1 in such a way that by striking the firing pin in a direction substantially along the joint axis of the swivel joint 4 or along the longitudinal axis L of the lowering device 10" an impulse can be generated on the sliding element 73, which is sufficient to transmit a force by means of the wedge-shaped section, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint 4 and to the longitudinal axis L of the support housing 1 stands, directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm 3, and is equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value of the swivel arm 3, into the swivel arm 3, the firing pin preferably being subjected to a spring force by means of a spring element, so that when the firing pin is released, this is accelerated towards and against the sliding element 73.

8th shows a support device 80 with a strut 81 designed as a heavy-duty support for the construction sector and the lowering device 10 "of the previous exemplary embodiment. In 9 is the head area of the building support 81 8th presented in more detail. The heavy-duty support or strut 81 is designed in a manner known per se in the form of a telescopic construction support with an outer tube 82 in which an inner ear 83 is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner. The inner tube 83 is provided with a head plate 84 at its free end. To adjust the length of the strut 81, a locking bolt 85 is used here, which passes through through recesses 86 of the inner tube 83 and is guided in an elongated hole 91 of the outer tube 82. The locking bolt 85 is supported against the outer tube 82 in an axial direction to the longitudinal axis L of the support device 80 on an adjusting nut 87, which engages in an external thread 88 of the outer tube 82. The lowering device 10" is attached to the strut 81 on the foot side purely by way of example. The support head 16 of the lowering device 10" is screwed to a base plate 89 of the outer tube 82 of the strut 81 or attached to the base plate 89 in another way. It goes without saying that the lowering device 10" can also be attached to the head plate 84 of the building support. The adjusting nut 87 can be moved by means of a handle 90 attached to the adjusting nut 87. In this way, the adjusting nut 87 is intended to be used to raise the inner tube 83 the outer tube 82. To release under load, if the force on the handle 90 is not sufficient, you can hit the directional impact cams 92 of the adjusting nut 87 with a hammer or use a special release key.

The telescopic strut 81 is well known in the construction industry and is widely used. However, the loosening process can be tedious and time-consuming because the adjusting nut 87 is difficult to move under load due to tension and friction in the thread, with this problem increasing over time due to contamination, aging and wear, corrosion and mechanical damage to the thread. In addition, the elements required for release are often located in an elevated, difficult-to-access location, which requires the use of scaffolding, ladders, risers or other equipment or operation in a hanging position from above. The consequences are difficult lowering of the building supports, the need for multiple hammer blows on a rotating element or the use of special tools, a lot of time and effort when lowering ceiling supports and increases in costs, especially in premium markets. The use of the lowering device 10, 10', 10" according to the invention makes the lowering process considerably easier and faster, which can also lead to noticeable savings. Nevertheless, the conventional strut 81 can continue to be used together with the lowering device 10, 10', 10" according to the invention, whereby The adjusting nut 87 is only used for length presetting or length adjustment without load, but lowering only takes place via the lowering device 10, 10 ', 10". It should be noted that the lifting into the working position P1 is carried out on site via the lowering device 10 , 10', 10" can be done. In practice, however, it can be advantageous to assemble and place the support device 80 and the lowering device 10, 10 ', 10" with the reciprocating piston 2 in the working position P1 and to make the final length adjustment for supporting a formwork or the like via the adjusting nut 87.

All of the support devices 70, 70', 80 described form independent exemplary embodiments of the invention. Even if each support device 70, 70', 80 is described in connection with a specific embodiment of a lowering device 10, 10', 10", any of the lowering devices 10, 10', 10" or one of the variants described can be used.

In an embodiment not shown in the drawing, the lowering device 10, 10 ', 10" according to the invention can also be used in other applications, such as on a road slab console. A road slab console can be formed from a triangular steel support structure with holes forming various screwing options. One of these holes can be the lowering device 10, 10 ', 10" according to the invention can be fastened with guide bolts. The steel support structure can be adjustable in such a way that it can be adapted to different angles of inclination of side walls of a box structure for formwork of a roadway slab.

In a further embodiment, not shown in the drawing, the support head 16 of the reciprocating piston 2 can have a roller over which, for example, a rail of a ceiling formwork can be guided in a feed concreting process, ie a cycle sliding system, as is usually used in bridge construction. An additional guide bolt can be inserted through bolt through holes in the support housing 1 and guide slots in the reciprocating piston 2.

The features of the invention described with reference to the illustrated and/or described exemplary embodiments may also be present in other embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise stated or prohibited for technical reasons. For example, a sliding element 73 as in the lowering device 10" can also be provided in addition to or as an alternative to a clamping lever element 8 and/or a striking surface 13 of the lowering device 10 of the first exemplary embodiment and/or pressure pieces 20 of the lowering device 10' of the second exemplary embodiment. Optionally described firing pin can be provided in each of the lowering devices 10, 10 ', 10" of the exemplary embodiments described. Otherwise, the subject matter of the invention is defined solely by the independent patent claim(s). Further objects can be formed by any combination of features described herein that is new compared to the prior art and solves an objective problem in a non-obvious manner, without necessarily requiring other features that are not necessary to solve this problem. required, even if these other features are present in the embodiments described herein.

The present invention creates a retrofittable, compact rapid lowering device, in particular for loaded building supports, which can completely relieve the load on the building supports, simplify construction site processes and improve the formwork speed of known ceiling formwork systems. In embodiments, the lowering of large loads can be made possible by applying slight force, such as a simple hammer blow and/or an automatic reset of the lowering mechanism after lifting the ceiling support.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2019170192 A1 [0006]

Claims (30)

Lowering device (10; 10'; 10"), with a support housing (1), a lifting piston (2) which can be displaced in the support housing (1) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (L) of the lowering device (10; 10'; 10") is mounted and can be inserted from a pushed-out working position (P1) into a lowered position (P2), and a swivel arm (3) with a swivel joint (4), the swivel arm (3) being attached to a bound end section (3a) of the same via the swivel joint ( 4) is articulated to the reciprocating piston (2) and can be pivoted by means of the swivel joint (4), the reciprocating piston (2) and the support housing (1) being in the working position (P1) via the swivel arm (3) in an extended position of the swivel arm ( 3) are supported against each other, wherein in the extended position a support element provided on a free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) facing away from the bound end section (3a) is in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1) in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston (2) is located beyond the swivel joint (4) and is supported against the support housing (1), whereby in the lowered position (P2) the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing (1) and the swivel arm (3) with respect to the extended position is swung laterally into a flexed position. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 1 , wherein the support element is designed as a curved or rounded section as a plain bearing or is at least one support roller (5) arranged on the free end section (3b) of the swivel arm (3), the roller axis (R) of which is parallel to the joint axis (S) of the swivel joint (4). runs and which rests on a surface of the support housing (1) which is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) in order to support the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) against the support housing (1) in the working position (P1). Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 2 , wherein the pivot arm (3) has a roller cover (37) which at least partially covers the support roller (5) in the swing-out direction. Lowering device (10; 10';10") according to one of the above Claims 1 until 3 , wherein a swivel arm holding device is provided, which is set up to hold the swivel arm (3) in the extended position in the working position (P1). Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the swivel arm holding device is set up when a force which is substantially perpendicular to the joint axis (S) of the swivel joint (4) and to the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1), directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm (3) and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, is introduced into the swivel arm (3) to release the swivel arm (3) in order to move the reciprocating piston (2) into the lowering position (P2) to move. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 4 or 5 , wherein the swivel arm holding device has at least one resilient pressure piece (40), in particular with a spherical or at least curved outer surface of a pressure end piece (43), which is resiliently supported by a pressure piece housing (42), is guided by the pressure piece housing (42) and from one end of the Pressure piece housing (42) protrudes, which is arranged on or in the pivot arm (3) and cooperates with at least one recess (41), in particular in the form of an elongated hole, on or in the support housing (1) in order to be in the working position (P1 ) the swivel arm (3) in the extended position to keep the dead center. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 6 , wherein the at least one resilient pressure piece (40) has at least one pair of resilient pressure pieces (40), the ends (45) of the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) facing away from one another on an inner surface of the support housing (1), in particular integrated into the support shaft (6) of a support roller (5) provided as a support section. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 6 or 7 , wherein the dead center overcoming threshold value is determined or at least co-determined by the force that is required to compress the resilient pressure piece(s) (40) so that the resilient pressure piece(s) (40) are lifted out of the respective recess (41) and attached to a/ rest on the inside of the support housing (1). Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a striking plate (13) accessible from outside the support housing (1) is attached, in particular formed, to the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3). the actuation of which allows the reciprocating piston (2) to be moved into the lowering position (P2). Lowering device (10; 10';10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at the level of the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3), in particular at the level of a roller axis (R) of a support roller (5) provided as a support element, a firing pin designed in this way, guided by the support housing (1) and from outside the support housing (1) is accessible so that by striking the firing pin an impulse can be generated which is sufficient to generate a force acting on the swivel arm (3) which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis (S) of the swivel joint (4). and to the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1), directed in the bending direction of the pivot arm (3) and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value in order to pivot the pivot arm (3) out of the extended position in order to move the reciprocating piston (2) in to move to the lowering position (P2). Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 10 , wherein the firing pin is subjected to a spring force by means of a spring element, so that when the firing pin is released, it is accelerated in the direction of and against the pivot arm (3). Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a return spring element (30), in particular in the form of a leg spring, is provided, which is connected to the pivot arm (3) and/or directly to the reciprocating piston (2). works together so that the reciprocating piston (2) is pressed towards the working position (P1) by means of the return spring element. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 12 , wherein an approximately cylindrical center piece (31) of the return spring element (30) provided in the form of a leg spring is mounted around the joint axis (S) of the swivel joint (4), with a first leg (32) and a second leg (33) approximately tangentially protrude from the middle piece (31), the first leg (32) being supported in the lifting direction against the reciprocating piston (2) and the second leg (33) in the stretching direction against the pivot arm (3), in particular in the area of the free end section (3b) , preferably in the area of a roller axis (R) of a support roller (5) provided there, so that the reciprocating piston (2) can be pressed in the direction of the working position (P1) by means of the return spring element (30). Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support housing (1) has a recess (12b) such that into the recess (12b) and/or through it in the lowering position (P2) at least one outward-facing section of the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) can protrude. Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 14 , wherein a housing flap is either designed to be deformable and rigidly attached to the support housing (1) or is designed to be rigid and attached, in particular attached to open downwards during operation of the lowering device (10; 10';10"), which is designed to hold the recess ( 12b) to shield against external influences as soon as the at least one outward-facing section of the swivel arm (3) no longer protrudes through it. Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a clamping lever element (8) which can be actuated from outside the support housing (1) is arranged on the free end section (3b) of the swivel arm (3), by actuating it, for example in the form of jamming the clamping lever element with an opening (11 b) in or an elevation on the support housing (1), the reciprocating piston (2) can be held in the working or lowering position (P2). Lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a swivel arm triggering device is provided which is set up to generate a force which is substantially perpendicular to the joint axis (S) of the swivel joint (4) and to the longitudinal axis (L ) of the support housing (1), directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm (3) and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value in order to release the swivel arm (3), exert on the swivel arm (3) in order to move the reciprocating piston (2) into the Lowering position (P2), the swivel arm triggering device comprising a sliding element (73) with a wedge-shaped section for introducing the force into the free end section (3b) of the swivel arm (3). Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 17 , wherein the sliding element (73) is arranged on the support housing (1) and displaceable relative thereto in essentially the same position with respect to the longitudinal axis (L) as the support element of the pivot arm (3) in the working position (P1). Lowering device (10; 10';10") Claim 17 or 18 , wherein the pivot arm release device has a trigger return spring element which is biased to hold the sliding element in a deactivated position in which no force acts on the pivot arm (3) to release the pivot arm (3) by means of the wedge-shaped section, the sliding element acting by means of the trigger return spring element is attached to the support housing (1). Lowering device (10; 10';10") according to one of Claims 17 until 19 , wherein a tool engagement groove or striking plate accessible from outside the support housing (1) is attached, in particular formed, to the sliding element (73) in such a way that by receiving it, a tool engagement groove or strike plate is attached to the strike Plate applied impulse the force can be introduced into the swivel arm (3) to release the swivel arm (3) by means of the wedge-shaped section. Lowering device (10; 10';10") according to one of Claims 17 until 20 , wherein the sliding element (73) has a retaining lug which is designed to engage in a recess in the swivel arm (3) or to grip around an outer contour of the swivel arm (3) in order to hold the swivel arm (3) in the extended position around the dead center. Lowering device (10; 10';10") according to one of Claims 17 until 21 , wherein a firing pin is guided by the support housing (1) and accessible from outside the support housing (1) in such a way that by striking the firing pin in a direction substantially along the joint axis of the swivel joint (4) or along the longitudinal axis (L) the lowering device (10; 10';10") can generate an impulse on the sliding element (73) which is sufficient to generate a force transmitted by means of the wedge-shaped section, which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint (4) and to the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1), directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm (3), and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value of the swivel arm (3), is to be introduced into the swivel arm (3), the firing pin preferably being activated by means of a spring element with a Spring force is applied so that when the firing pin is released, it is accelerated towards and against the sliding element (73). Support device (70; 70'; 80) for the construction sector, comprising at least one lowering device (10; 10'; 10") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support device (70; 70'; 80) is a construction support, in particular a heavy-duty support, or is a supporting framework, in particular in the form of a support tower. Ceiling formwork with a support device (70; 70'; 80). Claim 23 and a formlining element, the formlining element being supported by means of the lowering device (10; 10';10"). Procedure for lowering a building support with the following steps: - Providing the building support with a lowering device (10; 10'; 10"), in particular at a lower end of the building support in its erected state, when the building support is erected, with a support housing (1), a reciprocating piston (2), which in the support housing (1) is mounted displaceably in the direction of a longitudinal axis (L) of the lowering device (10; 10'; 10") and can be pushed from a pushed-out working position (P1) into a lowering position (P2), and a pivot arm (3). a swivel joint (4), the swivel arm (3) being articulated at a bound end section (3a) of the swivel joint (4) via the swivel joint (4) to the reciprocating piston (2) and being pivotable by means of the swivel joint (4), the Reciprocating piston (2) and the support housing (1) are supported against each other in the working position (P1) via the swivel arm (3) in an extended position of the swivel arm (3), with a free end section facing away from the bound end section (3a) in the extended position (3b) of the swivel arm (3) is located in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1) in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston (2) beyond the swivel joint (4) and is against the support housing (1). is supported adjacent to it, wherein in the lowered position (P2), the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing (1) and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position, - holding the reciprocating piston (2) in the working position (P1), - Action of a force acting on the swivel arm (3), which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint (4) and to the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1), directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm (3) and equal to or is greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value, and - Moving the lifting piston (2) into the lowering position (P2) by swinging the swivel arm (3) laterally into a flexed position. Procedure according to Claim 25 , wherein the reciprocating piston (2) is held in the working position (P1) by means of a swivel arm holding device, wherein before the force is applied by a separate process and / or by the action of the force, which overcomes a holding effect of the swivel arm holding device, the swivel arm (3) is released for swinging out into the bending position. Procedure according to Claim 25 or 26 , wherein by actuating a clamping lever element (8) arranged on the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) and operable from outside the support housing (1), for example in the form of clamping the clamping lever element (8) with an opening (11b) in or an elevation on the support housing (1), the reciprocating piston (2) is held in the working (P1) or lowering position (P2), with the clamping lever element (8) being actuated further before the force acting on the swivel arm (3) is applied, for example in the form of releasing the jamming of the clamping lever element (8) with the opening (11b) in or elevation on the support housing (1), the holding effect of the clamping lever element (8) is removed. Method for lifting a building support with the following steps: - Providing the building support with a lowering device (10; 10';10"), in particular at a lower end of the building support in its erected state, when the building support is erected, with a support housing (1 ), a reciprocating piston (2), which is mounted in the support housing (1) so as to be displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis (L) of the lowering device (10; 10';10") and from a pushed-out working position (P1) into a lowering position (P2) can be inserted, and a swivel arm (3) with a swivel joint (4), the swivel arm (3) being articulated at a bound end section (3a) of the swivel joint (4) via the swivel joint (4) to the reciprocating piston (2) and by means of of the swivel joint (4) can be pivoted, the reciprocating piston (2) and the support housing (1) being supported against each other in the working position (P1) via the swivel arm (3) in an extended position of the swivel arm (3), in the extended position an a support element provided in a free end section (3b) of the swivel arm (3) facing away from the bound end section (3a) is in a substantially straight extension of the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1) in the insertion direction of the reciprocating piston (2) beyond the swivel joint (4) is located and is supported against the support housing (1), whereby in the lowered position (P2), the support element is arranged adjacent to the support housing (1) and is pivoted laterally into a flexed position with respect to the extended position, with the reciprocating piston (2) in the lowering position (P2), and - lifting the reciprocating piston (2) from the lowering position (P2) to the working position (P1), preferably by means of a return spring element of the support housing (1), in particular in the form of a leg spring, which is connected to the pivot arm (3) and /or the support housing (1) and/or the reciprocating piston (2) itself interacts in such a way that the reciprocating piston (2) is pressed in the direction of the working position (P1) by means of the return spring element. Procedure according to Claim 28 , wherein the reciprocating piston (2) after being lifted into the working position (P1) is held in the working position (P1) by means of a swivel arm holding device until a force is introduced into the swivel arm (3), which is essentially perpendicular to the joint axis of the swivel joint ( 4) and to the longitudinal axis (L) of the support housing (1), directed in a bending direction of the swivel arm (3), and equal to or greater than a dead center overcoming threshold value of the swivel arm (3), the swivel arm (3) is released. Procedure according to Claim 28 or 29 , wherein by actuating a clamping lever element (8) arranged on the free end section (3b) of the pivot arm (3) and operable from outside the support housing (1), for example in the form of clamping the clamping lever element (8) with an opening in or an elevation on Support housing (1), which holds the lifting piston (2) in the working (P1) or lowering position (P2).

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