DE102021125790B3 - Hinge for motor vehicle doors and/or flaps - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention shows a hinge (13) for doors and/or flaps of motor vehicles with a second hinge part (17), a first hinge part (18), a bolt (14) and a plastic bush (1, 1.1) which consists of a hollow-cylindrical bush shaft (2) which has a socket head (3) at one end and a socket foot (4) at the other end, the socket shank (2) having a radial constriction (6) on an inside (5).

Description

The invention relates to a hinge for motor vehicle doors and/or flaps with a second hinge part, a first hinge part and a plastic bushing according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for its production.

Hinges for doors and flaps of motor vehicles are already known and used in a variety of forms and configurations. Thus, bushings are usually used in hinges for vehicle doors or vehicle flaps, which have a sliding layer made of a PTFE plastic with an embedded metal fabric, and bushings that also have a steel backing are also used in such hinges. These bushings have the advantage that they can be calibrated and can therefore be installed in the corresponding bearings of the hinges with almost no play, whereby no material is removed but only displaced, which is why there are no disruptive chips or other particles.

A major problem with these hinges, however, is that paint is deposited on the metal parts (metal mesh, steel backing) of the sockets during the cathodic dip painting process. This has the negative consequence that paint bridges are created between fixed body parts and the moving door parts of the hinge. When the hinge moves, these paint bridges then break open. Water penetrates at these fracture points and corrosion occurs, which spreads quickly.

Furthermore, hinges are known in which simple plastic bushings are used. The use of simple plastic bushings creates considerable contamination during calibration in the hinge due to the plastic peeling off the plastic bushing when a bolt is inserted. These impurities, such as plastic particles or splinters, lead to unacceptable defects in the paint when painting in a series process. To get around this problem, these conventional plastic bushings are installed with an enormous game socket. However, in the installation situation and when the hinge is moved, this play leads to a strong noise level, which is unacceptable.

Corresponding hinges are known from the prior art. To be mentioned here is the DE 35 29 333 C2 , showing a hinge with a bushing having internal ribs running in the axial direction. These inner ribs serve as tolerance compensation for manufacturing inaccuracies and for centering a pin. These inner ribs are deformable.

Furthermore, the DE 72 41 609 U be cited, which discloses a hinge with a plastic bushing with an internal groove.

Against this background, the following publications should also be cited:

In the DE 100 12 642 A1 discloses a hinge pin for hinge joints of doors, windows, flaps or the like, with the hinge pin being able to be fixed in relation to hinge strips of the hinge joint which are connected to one another in a twistable manner by the hinge pin.

In the DE 34 16 960 C2 discloses a motor vehicle door hinge which allows the doors to be temporarily detached from the vehicle body during assembly of the interior of the vehicle and has a maintenance-free mounted hinge pin. A bushing is provided with a circumferential radial bead that penetrates inwards, which causes its end to spread outwards when the hinge pin is driven in and thus fixes the bushing with respect to the section of the central hinge eye of one hinge wing assigned to it.

In the DE 84 34 089 U1 discloses a hinge for windows and doors, consisting of two joint parts connected to one another by a hinge bolt, one joint part engaging with at least one hinge sleeve between two axially spaced hinge sleeves of the other joint part.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a hinge and a method for producing such a hinge are to be provided, in which no unwanted and disruptive dirt, such as plastic chips or other particles, which adversely affect a paint finish, arise during the calibration process. Furthermore, no paint bridges to other parts should form on the hinge as part of the cathodic dip painting, which then lead to corrosion after breaking. In addition, a suitable, resilient and durable hinge is to be provided in which no noise is produced when the hinge parts are moved.

The features according to claim 1 and the features according to claim 9 lead to the solution of the task.

Advantageous configurations are described in the dependent claims.

In typical exemplary embodiments, a hinge for doors and/or flaps of motor vehicles has a second hinge part, a first hinge part, a bolt and a plastic bushing. The plastic socket in turn has a socket shaft in the form of a hollow cylinder, which forms a cathodic socket head and a socket foot at the other end.

The second hinge part has a first hinge bearing and a second hinge bearing. The first hinge part also has a bearing, the bearing being arranged between the first hinge bearing and the second hinge bearing of the hinge.

The socket head means the area of the socket shank on which a support is arranged. The socket head extends over a maximum of one third of the total length of the plastic socket in the direction of the socket foot, with the total length of the plastic socket extending from the socket head over the socket shaft to the socket foot.

The socket foot means the area of the socket shank that is opposite the socket head. The socket foot also extends over a maximum of one third of the total length of the plastic socket. The socket shank therefore has at least one third of the total length of the plastic socket and merges into the socket head on the one hand and into the socket foot on the other.

The hollow-cylindrical socket shank has a radial constriction on an inside. The radial constriction can be a continuous line. However, it is also possible that the radial constriction shows interruptions in the line. In this context, the inside means the area of the plastic bushing that is intended to accommodate the bolt in the installed position. Installation position means the state in which the hinge according to the invention is ready for use on a vehicle door and/or hatch. The second hinge part and the first hinge part are arranged interlocking and the bolt connects the two parts by engaging and passing through the openings provided in the second hinge part and the first hinge part, thereby making the two parts pivotable relative to one another.

One or more radial narrowings on the inside of the socket shank can be arranged annularly, ie radially, in the area of the socket foot and/or in the area of the socket head and/or in the area between the socket foot and the socket head.

The radial constriction of the plastic bush serves to compensate for the tolerances between the bearing of the hinge and the relative pin.

During assembly of the bolt, which is driven through the corresponding bearing of the hinge, plastic bushing material, ie plastic, is removed in the area of the radial constrictions in the plastic bushings, which are arranged in the bearings of the hinge. Because the radial constriction(s) only takes up a small part of the inside of the bush shaft, the bush material that has been removed can be distributed between the plastic bush and the pin and is not transported to the outer surfaces of the hinge, where it would otherwise be at the Painting would lead to unacceptable paint defects.

Provision can also be made for a space to be created between two plastic bushings arranged in the bearing of the first hinge part, which also serves to accommodate and store worn bushing material inside the hinge, so that it cannot escape to the outside and cause defects in the painting there leads.

It can thus be ensured by the hinge according to the invention that no disruptive contamination can reach areas where the painting process is damaged.

In addition, due to the radial constriction of the plastic bushing, the bolt is supported without play when installed correctly.

The radial constriction of the plastic bushing emerges from the bushing shank on the inside, as a result of which an interior of the bushing shank is narrowed in this area. The radial constriction can be of different widths and different depths.

The width of the radial constriction means an expansion of this between the socket head and the socket foot. The depth means the elevation of the radial constriction into the interior, starting from the inside of the socket shaft.

Furthermore, the radial constriction forms chamfers on both sides, that is to say a sixth chamfer on the side which is directed in the direction of the socket head, and a fifth on the opposite side which is directed in the direction of the socket foot Chamfer. The fifth and the sixth bevel contribute in an advantageous manner to the fact that the forces previously required for assembly are significantly reduced.

The bushing root is the area of the plastic bushing that is inserted into the bearing of a hinge. In order to facilitate this insertion, the socket foot has a second chamfer on the inside and/or a first chamfer on an outside.

If the radial constriction is in the area of the socket foot, the fifth chamfer of the radial constriction merges into the second chamfer of the socket foot.

The plastic bushing is inserted into a bearing or hinge bearing of the hinge, with the bushing foot being inserted first. The plastic bushing is then pushed over the bushing shaft into the bearing until the bushing head prevents it from being pushed in further, as it rests on the edge of the bearing. For this purpose, the socket head forms a radially projecting support that runs all around.

Furthermore, the socket head can form a third chamfer on the outside of the side that faces away from the socket base and/or a fourth chamfer on the inside. These chamfers also make assembly easier, especially with regard to pushing the bolt into the plastic bush.

The plastic bushing of the hinge may have a mounting slot. This mounting slot is located in the area of the socket base. This is a recess which is designed as a U-shaped recess. In typical embodiments, the mounting slot is oriented at an angle of between 20 and 60 degrees from the socket base toward the socket head. In typical exemplary embodiments, the mounting slot does not extend beyond a length which corresponds to half the distance between the socket foot and the socket head. The mounting slot also advantageously facilitates mounting of the plastic bushing between the bearing and the bolt.

If the plastic bushing of the hinge according to the invention has been inserted into the bearing of the first hinge part, with a plastic bushing being inserted into the bearing from both sides, a free space can arise within the bearing and between the two bushing feet of the two opposite plastic bushings. This free space is used to accommodate removed plastic bushing material, which is thus held within the hinge and does not affect the paintwork outside of the hinge.

The present invention also means that significantly lower forces have to be used to assemble the plastic bushings of the hinge than in previous hinges, since an overlap in the bearing only occurs in the area of the radial constriction.

Another significant advantage of the hinge according to the invention results from the fact that angular errors during door assembly in vehicles are also compensated for or evened out.

In addition, the plastic bearing of the hinge ensures that no squeaking noises occur when the hinge moves.

Since the plastic bearings do not contain any metal, there are also no paint bridges to the metal parts of the hinge during the cathodic dip painting process. Cracking of the paint is therefore prevented, since paint bridges no longer form.

The plastic of the plastic bushes has the quality that it is highly resilient and also temperature-resistant. An essential property is that the plastic is not readily deformable, so that when the hinge is assembled and the bolt is inserted, material is removed in the area of the radial constriction and not, as is the case with PTFE plastic, for example , deformed. If deformation were to occur, unwanted noise would again occur during the movement of the hinge, which of course should be prevented.

The first hinge part can be a door part for connection to the vehicle door or a body part for connection to the vehicle body. In the same way, the second hinge part would then be the other body part or the other hinge part, in order to be able to produce a hinge from both hinge parts.

Furthermore, a method for producing a hinge according to the invention is described in such a way that when the bolt is inserted into the two hinge parts, the bolt calibrates and centers the two facing plastic bushings through the radial constriction. This automatically adjusts the individual components to one another without the need for further steps in the manufacturing process. This in turn saves costs and leads to a better quality of the overall construction.

• 1 eine geschnittene Ansicht einer Kunststoffbuchse 1;
• 2 eine Ansicht einer weiteren Kunststoffbuchse 1.1;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht eines Scharniers 13;
• 4 eine Draufsicht auf das Scharnier 13;
• 5 eine geschnittene Ansicht des Scharniers 13 entlang der Schnittlinie B aus 3;
• 6 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt D aus 5;
• 7 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt C aus 5.

Further advantages and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawings; these show in:

• 1 a sectional view of a plastic bushing 1;
• 2 a view of another plastic bushing 1.1;
• 3 a side view of a hinge 13;
• 4 a plan view of the hinge 13;
• 5 a sectional view of the hinge 13 along the section line B from 3 ;
• 6 an enlarged section D 5 ;
• 7 an enlarged detail C 5 .

In 1 an embodiment of a plastic bushing 1 is shown in a sectional view. The plastic bushing 1 has a hollow-cylindrical bushing shank 2 which forms a bushing head 3 at one end and a bushing base 4 at the other end.

The socket shank 2 has an annular radial constriction 6 on an inner side 5 . The radial constriction 6 is arranged on the inside 5 in the area of the socket base 4 of the socket shank 2 and protrudes radially into an interior space 15.

The radial constriction 6 forms a sixth chamfer 11.2 on the side which is directed in the direction of the socket head 3, and a fifth chamfer 11.1 on the opposite side which is directed in the direction of the socket foot 4.

The socket foot 4 forms a second chamfer 8.2 on the inside 5 and a first chamfer 8.1 on an outside 7.

In the case of the plastic socket 1, the radial constriction 6 is in the area of the socket foot 4, with the fifth bevel 11.1 of the radial constriction 6 merging into the second bevel 8.2 of the socket foot 4.

The socket head 3 forms a radially protruding support 16 around the socket shaft 2 .

Furthermore, the socket head 3 forms a third chamfer 10.1 on the outside 7 and the side that faces away from the socket base 4, and a fourth chamfer 10.2 on the inside 5.

In 2 a plastic bushing 1.1 is shown. This plastic bushing 1.1 differs from the embodiment of the plastic bushing 1 in that the plastic bushing 1.1 has a mounting slot 9.

This assembly slot 9 is arranged in the area of the socket base 4 of the socket shank 2 . This is a slit and U-shaped recess. In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting slot 9 is oriented at an angle of 45 degrees, starting from the socket foot 4 towards the socket head 3 . In this embodiment, the mounting slot 9 extends over a length that corresponds to approximately one-fifth of the distance between the socket base 4 and the socket head 3 .

All other features of the plastic bushing 1.1 shown correspond to the features in 1 have already been described for the plastic book 1, which is why these features are not repeated here.

As well in 1 as well as in 2 a central axis A is drawn in for orientation.

In 3 and in 4 a hinge 13 according to the invention is shown. It consists of a second hinge part 17, a first hinge part 18, a bolt 14 and two plastic bushings 1, 1.1, which are arranged in a bearing 19. In this exemplary embodiment, the second hinge part 17 is a door part, that is to say the part of the hinge which is connected to a vehicle door when the hinge is properly installed. In this exemplary embodiment, the first hinge part 18 then serves to connect to a vehicle body. In addition, 3 a cutting line B is drawn. In this case, the second hinge part 17 has openings, not described in further detail, for connection, for example, to a motor vehicle door. These openings are arranged on a first bracket 22, which merges into two bracket arms 23, 23.1, which in turn have bolt receiving bores. The first tab 17 forms a spacing 26, which runs at right angles from the tab 22 to the two tab arms 23, 23.1, thereby forming a substantially right-angled arc. In a plan view, as in 3 an S shape.

The first hinge part 18 has a second lug 24, the second lug 24 in turn having further openings that are not described in detail. This second tab 24 includes a further tab arm 25 which includes a further bolt receiving bore. in the in 4 Installation position shown is the other plate arm 25 between the two plate arms 23, 23.1 arranged so that the bolt receiving bores of the plate arms 23, 23.1 and 25 are superimposed so that the bolt 14 through all bolts can reach through boreholes. In each case, one of the plastic bushings 1, 1.1 according to the invention is arranged on the two link arms 23, 23.1 of the first link 22 of the second hinge part 17, encompassing the bolt 14 towards the further link arm 25 and is essentially the bolt 14 in the installation position in the further link arm 25 extensively arranged. For this, the bolt receiving bore of the other link arm 25 has a larger inside diameter than the bolt receiving bores of the two link arms 23, 23.1. Individual details can be found in the 5 recognize.

In 4 the two plastic bushes 1, 1.1 can be seen between the second hinge part 17 with the first hinge bearing 21.1 and the second hinge bearing 21.2 and the first hinge part 18 with the bearing 19, with only areas of the respective socket head 3 being visible in this illustration.

In 5 FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the hinge 13 along line B of FIG 3 shown. In this view, the intended arrangement of the plastic bushings 1, 1.1 in the bearing 19 of the first hinge part 18 of the hinge 13 according to the invention can be seen.

In the 6 and 7 are enlarged sections C and D from 5 shown, which show the two plastic bushings 1, 1.1 in the area of the respective bushing feet 4, with the radial constrictions 6 that rest against the bolt 14 being visible.

Furthermore, it can be seen that in the bearing 19 of the first hinge part 18 of the hinge 13, two plastic bushings 1, 1.1 are arranged. A plastic bushing 1, 1.1 is pushed into the bearing 19 from each side until the respective supports 16 of the respective bushing heads 3 rest on the bearings 19 and limit further insertion of the respective plastic bushings 1, 1.1.

Within the bearing 19, the two plastic bushings 1, 1.1 do not touch each other with their respective bushing feet 4, so that a free space 20 is formed between them.

After the two plastic bushings 1, 1.1 are arranged on both sides in the bearing 19 of the first hinge part 18, the first hinge part 18 is connected via the bearing 19 to the plastic bushings 1, 1.1 and the second hinge part 17 to the first hinge bearing 21.1 and the second hinge bearing 21.2. connected to one another by means of the bolt 14 which is guided through the respective bearing and the plastic bushings 1, 1.1.

Although only a few preferred embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can add numerous modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, the plastic bushings 1, 1.1 can be variable in their configuration with regard to the number and position of the radial constriction 6 or with regard to the number and shape of the assembly slots 9. Of course, variations with regard to the different bevels 8, 10, 11 are also conceivable.

Reference List

1

plastic bushing

2

socket stem

3

socket head

4

socket foot

5

inside

6

radial constriction

7

outside

8.1

first phase

8.2

second phase

9

mounting slot

10.1

third phase

10.2

fourth phase

11.1

fifth phase

11.2

sixth phase

13

hinge

14

bolt

15

inner space

16

edition

17

second hinge part

18

first hinge part

19

warehouse

20

free space

21.1

first hinge bearing

21.2

second hinge bearing

22

first tab

23, 23.1

tab arms

24

second tab

25

another strap arm

26

spacing

A

axis

B

cutting line

C

cutout

D

cutout

Claims (9)

Hinge (13) for motor vehicle doors and/or flaps with a second hinge part (17), a first hinge part (18), a bolt (14) and a plastic bush (1, 1.1) which consists of a hollow-cylindrical bush shaft (2), which has a socket head (3) at one end and a socket base (4) at the other end, characterized in that the socket shank (2) has a radial constriction (6) on an inside (5) which has a sixth narrowing in the direction of the socket head (3). Chamfer (11.2) and on the opposite side, in the direction of the socket base (4), a fifth chamfer (11.1) and wherein the socket base (4) has a first chamfer (8.1) on an outside (7) and/or on the inside ( 5) forms a second chamfer (8.2). Hinge (13) after claim 1 , characterized in that the radial constriction (6) is arranged on the inside (5) of the socket shank (2) in the region of the socket base (4). Hinge (13) after claim 1 , characterized in that the socket shank (2) has a mounting slot (9) in the region of the socket foot (4). Hinge (13) after claim 3 , characterized in that the mounting slot (9) of the socket foot (4) runs at an angle of between 20 and 60 degrees in the direction of the socket head (3). Hinge (13) after claim 1 , characterized in that the socket head (3) on the side facing away from the socket foot (4) has a third bevel (10.1) on the outside (7) and/or a fourth bevel (10.2) on the inside (5). Hinge (13) after claim 1 , characterized in that the first chamfer (8.1) of the socket foot (4) and the fifth chamfer (11.1) of the radial constriction (6) merge into one another in a tapering manner. Hinge (13) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial constriction (6) on the inside (5) of the socket shank (2) in the area of the socket foot (4) and/or in the area of the socket head (3) and / or is arranged in the area between the socket base (4) and the socket head (3). Hinge (13) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a free space (20) is formed within a bearing (19) and between two opposite socket feet (3) of two plastic sockets (1, 1.1). Process for the production of a hinge according to claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that when the bolt (14) is inserted into the two hinge parts (17, 18), the bolt (14) calibrates the two facing plastic bushings (1, 1.1) through the radial constriction (6).

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