DE102021112014A1 - projectile for ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm, comprising a projectile core made of iron and a surface coating with a thickness of more than 1 μm and less than 50 μm forming an outer skin of the projectile at least in sections.

Description

The present invention relates to a projectile for ammunition, in particular for the military and/or official sector. For example, the caliber is less than 13 mm. The present invention can also relate to deformation projectiles and in particular hollow point projectiles, for example for police and/or authority ammunition with a caliber of at most 13 mm. Police and/or authority ammunition is characterized, among other things, by the fact that the firing range is generally less than 150 m. Generic deformation projectiles are characterized by a defined wound ballistic behavior, namely a predetermined deformation, in particular mushrooming, after hitting the target. Furthermore, the invention can relate to projectiles for practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. For use on police shooting ranges, projectiles for practice cartridges have to meet various requirements, for example according to the "Technical Guideline (TR) cartridge 9 mm × 19, reduced pollutant" (in particular: September 2009) or other country-specific ballistic requirements, under the The proviso that for training cartridges, some of the requirements made of the technical guideline mentioned for use cartridges, among other things with regard to the final ballistic effect, do not have to be met. In addition, the present invention relates to such ammunition.

Pure lead has the advantage that it has excellent dry lubricating properties even as a solid material. This minimizes the friction in the barrel and achieves a high projectile speed. Lead's ductility also ensures it is reliably pressed into the tensile-field profile in the gun barrel, so that minimal stress is placed on the gun barrel. For ecological and health reasons, especially on practice shooting ranges, the use of lead as a material for projectiles is becoming increasingly unsuitable. When it comes to the choice of material for projectiles, there is therefore a conflict of interest, in particular between good precision and flight range and environmental compatibility. Alternative materials to lead, such as tin, zinc and copper, have turned out to be less suitable because of their low density, which would ensure better environmental compatibility, but are associated with significant losses in terms of precision and flight range. Furthermore, alternative solutions such as solid steel or brass projectiles also have decisive disadvantages in terms of barrel life and resistance to being pressed through by the gun barrel. This results in unfavorable internal ballistics. Such full-bodied projectiles, particularly steel projectiles, have two major disadvantages in terms of surface area and barrel loading. On the one hand, the base material is less ductile, which results in an increased barrel load, and on the other hand, steel (barrel) and steel (projectile) combinations are unsuitable from a tribological point of view.

Such a full projectile made of soft iron is out US4,109,581A known. The full bullet has an ogive-like bullet front, an adjoining slightly conical guide band, which makes up about 1/3 to 1/4 of the bullet length, and a conical bullet tail. According to the floor U.S. 4,109,581 its ballistics, especially precision and flight range, have proven to be disadvantageous. Furthermore, the elongate leader band also has a detrimental effect on the internal ballistics of the projectile. The long guide band and the low ductility of iron cause a high running load, which also results in abrasion.

One object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide an environmentally and health-friendly projectile with increased barrel acceleration and/or lower barrel loads.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

According to this, a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm, is provided for a handgun, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm. Caliber is commonly referred to as a measure of the outside diameter of projectiles or bullets and the inside diameter of a firearm barrel. For example, projectiles according to the invention are also used for ammunition with a caliber of less than 7 mm or at most 5.6 mm. The projectile can also be referred to as a full projectile, since projectiles according to the invention, in contrast to jacketed projectiles, which generally consist of a projectile jacket made of deformable material, such as tombac, and a projectile body inserted therein, which is manufactured separately from the projectile jacket, do not have a separate jacket . In particular, the projectile is made in one piece.

The bullet has a bullet body, also known as a bullet core, made of iron (chemical element symbol 'Fe') or an iron alloy. It is clear that the bullet core or bullet body does not have to consist of 100% or weight percent iron, but can contain alloy components. The projectile body can, for example, have an iron content or percentage by weight of iron of at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and less than 100%. More preferably, the iron weight percentage is at least 90%, or at least 95% and less than 100%. For example, the bullet body can be made of soft iron and/or have a carbon content of more than 0.05%. Furthermore, the carbon content can be up to 2%, in which case the ferrous material is referred to as steel. It has been found that increasing the carbon content increases the hardness and tensile strength of the bullet, which has a beneficial effect on terminal ballistics. The projectile according to the invention is environmentally friendly and can have improved ballistics. Furthermore, the high carbon content protects the bullet against corrosion.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the body of the projectile is at least partially provided with a surface coating which forms an outer skin of the projectile and has a thickness of at least 1 μm and at most 50 μm. The surface coating can have a lubricating effect on the gun barrel, so that the barrel acceleration increases and the barrel load decreases, since a lower press-through resistance can be generated. This leads to less abrasion in the barrel. Furthermore, the surface coating can have an anti-corrosion effect. The selected thickness of the surface coating has proven to be optimal with regard to the projectile properties to be improved, namely barrel acceleration, barrel load and/or rust protection. The surface-to-volume ratio between the surface of the bullet body to be coated and the volume of the surface coating can be used as a key figure for the assessment of sliding or lubricating layers. In the case of the projectiles according to the invention, in particular with a caliber of up to 13 mm, the surface-to-volume ratio has proven to be particularly advantageous with a thickness between 1 μm and 50 μm.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the surface coating has a thickness of at least 3 μm, in particular at least 5 μm, and/or not more than 30 μm, in particular not more than 20 μm, preferably not more than 10 μm. For example, the surface coating thickness is 7.5 µm +/- 1 µm.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile, the projectile body is completely coated with the surface coating. This can be achieved particularly effectively, for example, by immersing the projectile body in an immersion bath in order to apply the coating. Alternatively or additionally, the surface coating can have a varying layer thickness. The layer thickness, particularly in the case of electrolytic coatings, can be thicker at corners, edges and transitions or the like than at adjacent, in particular straight, such as cylindrical and/or edge-free wall sections. The inventors of the present invention have recognized that the material accumulation of the coating at corners, edges and transitions or the like can be used to further reduce wear. In particular on edge-free sections of the projectile body, such as in the area of the in particular cylindrical guide band, the rear of the projectile and/or in the area of the in particular ogive-shaped projectile front, the layer thickness in the circumferential direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the projectile can exhibit an essentially constant layer thickness, with essentially constant in this regard It is understood that there may be a deviation in the thickness of the surface coating in the range of +/- 1 µm.

According to an exemplary development of projectiles according to the invention, the surface coating has or consists of a CR(VI)-free galvanic layer, in particular made of metal from the group comprising tin, zinc, nickel, cadmium, cobalt and alloys thereof. For example, the surface coating can be produced and/or applied in accordance with the standard DIN EN ISO 042: 2018-11 "Use elements - galvanically applied coating systems". Furthermore, the surface coating can also be applied by a method using cathode sputtering, in particular sputtering. There is also the possibility of realizing tribologically optimized surface coatings using polymer-chemical molecules.

For example, the surface coating can be a galvanic coating, in particular to increase corrosion resistance, for example in accordance with the standard DIN 50961: 2012-04 "galvanic coatings - zinc coatings on ferrous materials" or DIN 50970: 2008-07 "metallic coatings - galvanic zinc and zinc alloy coatings on ferrous materials and additional CR (VI)-free treatments”.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the surface coating has a hardness in the range from 20 HV to 150 HV, in particular a hardness in the range from 30 HV to 125 HV or a hardness in the range from 40 HV to 100 HV. It was found that, on the one hand, to effectively ven lubricating and sliding in the run and on the other hand to ensure sufficient stability, a certain surface coating hardness is necessary to meet this conflict of objectives.

For example, the surface coating can have at least one zinc alloy with at least one alloy component from the group consisting of iron and nickel. Such galvanizing has proven to be particularly effective with regard to corrosion protection and, on the other hand, with regard to good sliding properties between the iron projectile body and the one with a Hall gun barrel.

In another exemplary embodiment, the surface coating and/or body is free of lead, copper and/or chromium. In order to be able to meet the demand for environmentally compatible projectiles, the materials mentioned, such as lead, copper and chromium, are preferably avoided. However, it cannot be ruled out that, for example, trace elements or components of lead, copper and/or chromium can be present in the smallest amounts in the surface coating and/or in the body of the projectile.

Furthermore, the projectile body can have iron and additionally at least one other transition metal, for example selected from the group containing manganese and copper, in particular in a mass fraction of 0.01% to 1.2% or 0.3% to 1%.

Furthermore, according to a further exemplary embodiment, the iron of the projectile body can have at least one additive selected from the carbon group, the nitrogen group and/or the oxygen group. The at least one additive can be a semimetal, for example silicon. Furthermore, the at least one additive can have a weight percentage of 0.01% and/or at most 1%, in particular at most 0.5% or at most 0.48%.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the iron of the projectile body has a copper content of less than 4.0%, in particular less than 0.3% or less than 0.25%.

According to an exemplary development of the projectiles according to the invention, the surface coating has or consists of a mineral such as graphite and/or plastic, in particular a polymer such as PA, PAI or PTFE. The minerals or plastics have the advantage that they have a material-inherent anti-corrosion effect and at the same time act as a lubricating or sliding layer in relation to the gun barrel, so that both an improvement in terms of barrel acceleration or barrel load and in terms of avoiding rusting of the projectile. It is quite possible that mixtures of the materials mentioned are used for the surface coating or that the surface coatings consist entirely of the individual materials.

Corrosion protection is an important factor in the military and official sector in particular in order to ensure the longevity of ammunition, which is usually procured in large quantities. Ammunition is often stored under adverse conditions and within wide temperature ranges or ranges. An important quality criterion for qualifying military and government ammunition is the so-called salt water spray test. The salt spray test is a standardized test for evaluating the anti-corrosion effect of coatings or coverings. For example according to the international standards ASTM B117 or DIN EN ISO 9227.

For example, the surface coating can be an iridescent coating, in particular a yellow iridescent coating. Furthermore, the surface coating can have a density in the range from 5 g/m ³ to 10 g/m ³ , in particular in the range from 6 g/m ³ to 8 g/m ³ .

For example, the surface coating has at least two layers of a base near the projectile body surface and an outer layer. Such a sandwich surface coating has the advantage that different desired properties can be applied to the projectile body via the two layers. The base can have a stronger adhesion effect with iron than the outer layer. Furthermore, the outer layer may be more anti-corrosive and/or lubricious than the base, particularly with respect to the gun barrel material. According to an exemplary refinement, the base has or consists of copper and the outer layer has or consists of tin or zinc.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the surface coating has a seal on the outside, in particular facing away from the projectile body. The sealing, also called sealer, generally serves to prolong the corrosion-inhibiting and/or sliding effect of the surface coating. The seal is selected or set up in such a way that it combines with the surface coating and reacts with it, so that the corrosion protection and sliding layer-extending effect is achieved. For example, the sealing organic, in particular it includes an oil such as a vegetable oil. It is also possible for the seal to be inorganic, for example a silicon-based seal dissolved in water. The density of the inorganic seal can be, for example, in the range from 1 g/m ³ to 2 g/m ³ , in particular up to 1.5 g/m ³ or 1.2 g/m ³ . The pH can be, for example, in the range of 8-14, in particular in the range of 10-12.

Furthermore, the surface coating, in particular the base and/or the outer layer, can consist of a material whose melting point is higher than 250.degree. Due to the fact that very high temperatures are reached in the gun barrel, a low temperature sensitivity, at least of the outer layer of the surface coating, has proven to be advantageous, so that the surface coating cannot flake or wear off as a result of high temperatures, which in turn could lead to the Barrel is ground smooth by erosion or unwanted barrel deposits are generated.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, for example a handgun, is provided. The projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above.

The projectile comprises an in particular ogive-like projectile front, an in particular cylindrical guide band adjoining it in the longitudinal direction of the projectile for engaging in the pull-field profile of a barrel of the handgun. When the present description of the invention speaks of front, front, front or front or rear, rear or rear, this is to be understood in relation to a longitudinal axis of the projectile pointing in the direction of flight of the projectile. The guide band can be designed, for example, in such a way that it engages in a tension-field profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to cause the bullet to spin as it slides along the inside of the gun barrel in order to stabilize the bullet trajectory.

According to the further aspect of the present invention, the projectile comprises a projectile tail, in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, adjoining the guide band, which defines the outer diameter or the caliber of the projectile. The lateral surface of the bullet tail is structured at least in sections, in particular in sections in the longitudinal direction of the bullet, in such a way that the penetration resistance of the bullet tail in relation to the barrel is less than that of the guide band and/or less than without structuring in the bullet tail. The resistance to penetration is a measure of the resistance that the projectile experiences in particular as a result of friction with the gun barrel during acceleration within the gun barrel, which counteracts the acceleration. The penetration resistance affects the bullet abrasion, especially in the case of monolithic bullets, as in the present case, on the narrowing of the barrel and thus the safety-relevant increase in gas pressure within the gun barrel. According to the present invention, surface structuring can be understood as a structuring of the lateral surface of the bullet tail, which leads to a reduction in the penetration resistance of the bullet body in the area of the bullet tail compared to without surface structuring, which consequently reduces the penetration resistance of the entire bullet. As a result, increased barrel accelerations can be achieved and the barrel is less heavily loaded, which in turn has less of a tendency for spalling on the outer surface of the bullet body and/or barrel deposits. It is clear that surface structuring in the area of the rear of the bullet does not mean a mere reduction in diameter, for example via a step or a conical transition, from the guide band into the rear of the bullet or as a chamfered base of the rear of the bullet, but also the lateral surface with a certain surface structure or embossing having.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the surface structuring is realized by pressing in, in particular embossing, such as knurling or cording, or by introducing, in particular by cutting or forming, a projection-depression sequence. The projection-depression sequence comprises at least two circumferentially distributed projections and at least two circumferentially distributed depressions therebetween. The longitudinal direction of the projections and depressions can be oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The surface structuring can be produced in a simple manner in terms of production technology, in particular by means of the pressure-forming production of the projection-depression sequence. For example, the surface structuring is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and constant in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.

In an exemplary development, the surface structuring comprises a circumferential protrusion-depression sequence, in particular oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile at least two projections and at least two depressions. The indentations can have a depth of at least 0.01 mm, in particular at least 0.05 mm or at least 0.07 mm, and/or at most 1 mm, in particular at most 0.5 mm 0.4 mm or at most 3-5 mm, exhibit.

In a further exemplary embodiment, which can be used for all aspects of the present invention, the projectile body has, at least in sections, a structure that increases the adhesive base for the surface coating. For example, the surface-to-volume ratio for the surface coating is increased via the bullet body structure, so that the barrel load can be further reduced. For example, the projectile body structure is realized by the above-mentioned surface structuring.

According to an exemplary development, the projectile body structure is realized by the surface structuring in the form of a projection-depression sequence, which can be designed according to the aspects described above or the exemplary embodiments, and the depressions are at least 50%, in particular at least 75% or complete, covered with the surface coating. The depressions in the surface structure can therefore be understood as receiving pockets for the surface coating. For example, the indentations form pockets for receiving lubricants or anti-corrosion agents. Due to the increased absorption capacity for the surface coating, the effects or advantages that can be achieved and desired with the surface coating, such as reduced running stress, increased running acceleration, lower tendency to deposits or abrasion and increased corrosion protection, can be further improved.

According to a further aspect of the present embodiments, which can be combined with the previous aspect and exemplary embodiments, ammunition for firearms, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is provided. The ammunition comprises an ammunition case and a projectile arranged therein, in particular pressed in, which is designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a method for producing a projectile in particular according to the invention for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of up to 13 mm, is provided.

In the manufacturing method according to the invention, a bullet body is formed from iron. The body of the bullet can be formed from a one piece billet of iron (chemical symbol 'Fe') or an iron alloy billet. It is clear that the bullet core or bullet body does not have to consist of 100% or weight percent iron, but can contain alloy components. The projectile body can, for example, have an iron content or percentage by weight of iron of at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and less than 100%. More preferably, the iron weight percentage is at least 90%, or at least 95% and less than 100%. For example, the bullet body can be made of soft iron and/or have a carbon content of more than 0.05%. Furthermore, the carbon content can be up to 2%, in which case the ferrous material is referred to as steel.

Furthermore, in the method according to the invention for forming an outer skin of the projectile, the projectile body is coated at least in sections with a surface coating with a thickness of more than 1 μm and less than 50 μm.

In an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, the surface coating is applied galvanically, in particular in a galvanic immersion bath, or is produced by sputtering

Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses;
• 2 eine Schnittansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses;
• 3 eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses;
• 4 eine Rückansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses;
• 5 eine Seitenansicht des Geschosses der 4; und
• 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Geschosses aus den 4 und 5.

In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention are made clear by means of a description of preferred embodiments of the invention using the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

• 1 a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
• 2 a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a further projectile according to the invention;
• 3 a sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention;
• 4 a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of another projectile according to the invention;
• 5 a side view of the projectile 4 ; and
• 6 a perspective view of the bullet from the 4 and 5 .

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, projectiles according to the invention are generally given the reference numeral 1. The projectiles 1 of the preferred embodiments in the figures are all to be understood as solid projectiles whose projectile bodies, which are identified by the reference number 2, are made from one piece, in particular from iron, preferably by forming.

In 1 an exemplary embodiment of the full projectile 1 according to the invention is shown in a side view. A flight direction F is indicated schematically by an arrow and shows in 1 To the right. In relation to the projectile flight direction F, the terms bow, bow, front or front and rear, rear or rear are to be understood. In principle, full projectiles 1 according to the invention can be divided into three main sections: a projectile nose 3; an adjoining leader tape 5; and a bullet tail 7 adjoining the guide band 5. The bullet nose has an essentially ogive-like shape and tapers in the direction of flight F, forming an ogive 9 towards a flat front surface 11 pointing in the direction of flight F. In contrast to standard known solid bullets, where the ogive 9 ends in a projectile tip, which is realized, for example, by forming, the flat end face 11 is formed by cutting the ogive 9 to length. It has been found that the ogive area flattened in this way and the flat end face 11 resulting therefrom have a positive effect on the external ballistics of the solid projectile 1 and that significantly lower forces are required in the production of the projectile ogive on the front side, which can be realized, for example, by forming.

The ogive 9 opens out at the rear into the guide band 5. In the direction of the guide band 5, the curvature of the ogive 9 decreases continuously, so that immediately before a transition 13 into the guide band 5, the projectile nose 3 approaches at least a cylindrical shape. The guide band 5 is generally used to guide the bullet 1 within a gun barrel and/or to intervene in a pull-field profile A, B of the gun barrel. In the case of the full projectiles 1 according to the invention, the guide band 5 defines a maximum outer diameter D _a , _max of the full projectile 1 . This is achieved, among other things, in that the transition 13 from the guide band 5 to the nose of the projectile 3 is formed by an outer contour setback, at which an outer diameter D _a of the full projectile 1 suddenly decreases. The circumferential outer contour recess is in 1 indicated schematically by the visible edge identified by reference number 15 . The outer contour recess 15 can ensure that essentially only the guide strip 5 engages in the pull profile of the gun barrel. This is based on the 4 until 6 illustrated below. The penetration resistance of the solid bullet 1 within the gun barrel 15 can be reduced by minimizing the engagement and/or sliding contact between the bullet 1 and the gun barrel to essentially a preferably narrow-band guide band 5 .

Furthermore, as stated in 1 is shown, the guide band 5 at the rear likewise radially from the projectile tail 7 adjoining at the rear. A transition 17 from the rear of the bullet 7 to the guide band 5 is formed by an outer contour projection, at which an outer diameter D _a of the full bullet 1 increases continuously. This is illustrated by the two visible edges 19 , 21 , which are axially spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, between which the outer contour of the full projectile 1 widens continuously in the radial direction in the direction of the guide band 5 .

The outer contour jumps in the area of the transitions 13, 17 can have an angle of inclination with respect to a longitudinal axis of the projectile oriented in the longitudinal extension of the full projectile 1 in the range of 10° to 90° 1 the transition 17 is in the range of 15° to 45°, while at the transition 13 a 90° outer contour projection from the nose of the projectile 3 into the guide band 5 is formed. Furthermore, a radial depth of the outer contour projection or the outer contour recess to be measured transversely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile is less than 0.5 mm, in particular approximately 0.2 mm. In addition to the technical effect of reducing the press-through resistance through the gun barrel, the rear-side outer contour projection from the bullet tail 7 into the guide band 5 has the technical effect of the so-called breathing of the gun barrel. This is achieved in that when a gun is fired, the gas pressure that forms or builds up generates an elastic widening of the gun barrel, as a result of which the solid bullet 1 slides more gently within the gun barrel 15 . This means that the press-through resistance is progressively reduced. It was found that the resulting gases are pressed into the annular space between the rear-side outer contour in the area of the transition 17 and the gun barrel and thus elastically expand the barrel radially, resulting in less There is abrasion between the gun barrel and bullet 1.

The rear floor has according to 1 a cylindrical rear section 23 directly adjoining the guide band 5 or the transition 17 . At the rear, the cylindrical rear section 23 is adjoined by a projectile base 27 which opens into a floor 25 and tapers concavely at least in sections in the direction of the floor 25 . The radius of curvature of the concave section 27 of the projectile base is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 times the maximum projectile outer diameter D _a,max . The projectile base 27, which is concave at least in sections, also extends in the longitudinal direction of the full projectile 1 by 0.2 to 0.6 times the maximum projectile outer diameter D _a,max . In addition, the bullet base 25 has an outside diameter D _a which is in the range of 0.6 times to 0.9 times the maximum bullet outside diameter D _a .

Furthermore, according to the full floor is 1 in 1 provided that an axial length of the guide strip 5 measured in the direction of longitudinal extension of the full projectile 1 is in the range of 10 times to 100 times a draw-gauge difference of the firearm barrel 15 . The draw/gauge difference is the difference between the inner diameter Di in the area of the gauge and the inner diameter Di in the area of the gauge.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the projectile 1 is provided with a surface coating 29 which has a thickness in the range from 1 μm to 50 μm and which forms the outer skin of the projectile 1 . The surface coating 29 is indicated schematically by a broken line on the outer skin of the projectile body 2 . For example according to 1 the surface coating 29 is applied or present over the entire surface and in particular with a uniform layer thickness on the projectile body 2 .

This in 2 Projectile 1 shown is intended for use in practice cartridges, in particular for use on preferably police shooting ranges. In practice cartridge projectiles 1 of this type, the projectile body 2 has a projectile cavity 31 on the nose side, which is peripherally delimited by a nose wall 33 . The front wall 33 is in particular shaped like an ogive and ends in a projectile tip 35 which delimits a front opening 37 which can also be essentially, in particular completely, closed. The front wall 33 can taper essentially continuously in the direction of the projectile tip 35 . The projectile cavity 31 can, for example, have a cavity base 39 which is flat at least at intervals transversely to the longitudinal extent of the projectile 1 and which can also be concave in shape. The concave or planar cavity base 39 opens into an outer cavity base 41 with a greater curvature than the cavity base 39. The concavely curved outer cavity base 41 transitions at a transition 43 into a cavity side wall 45 which is substantially at or at an acute angle with respect to the bullet longitudinal direction is oriented.

According to the exemplary statements in 2 predetermined buckling points or notches 47 arranged at a distance from one another are introduced into the front wall 33 in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. The wall thickness of the front wall 33 decreases abruptly at the predetermined buckling points 47 . The predetermined buckling points 47 have a predefined deformation in the target ballistics as a result, namely a buckling in the bow wall 33 at the predetermined buckling points 47. The goal of the largest possible and fastest possible increase in diameter ("flattening") can be achieved. A centering depression 51 can be made in the base 49 of the projectile body 2, the cross section of which is essentially triangular.

This in 3 The projectile 1 according to the invention shown is, for example, a deformation projectile, in particular a hollow point projectile, for example for police and/or authority ammunition. To avoid repetition compared to the floor 1 off 2 the relevant differences are essentially discussed. A major difference between the hollow point bullets 1 3 opposite floor 1 2 is that the bow wall 33 in the case of the hollow point bullet 1 3 is not compressed on the bow side, but extends essentially in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and thus delimits a projectile cavity 31 that is cylindrical in sections. The front wall 33 has no intended kinks 47 .

In the 4 - 6 is another exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention shown, which is similar to the projectile 1 from 1 is trained. In contrast to the execution according to 1 shows the floor 1 from the 4-6 a rear surface structuring which is generally indicated by the reference number 53 . According to the exemplary embodiments, the surface structuring 53 consists of a sequence of projections 55 and depressions 57 distributed in the circumferential direction of the projectile, which are distributed essentially equally in the circumferential direction and are of identical design, follow one another and are located in the projectile extend longitudinally with a substantially constant cross section. The indentations 55 advantageously form receiving pockets for the surface coating, so that the surface-to-volume ratio is improved. Viewed in the circumferential direction, the indentations 57 and the projections 55 can essentially have the same width dimension or else be dimensioned differently, with circumferential extents in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm being able to exist.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for the implementation of the invention in the various configurations.

Reference List

1

bullet

2

body

3

projectile bow

5

guide band

7

tailgate

9

ogive

13, 17

crossing

19, 21

visible edge

23

tail section

25, 49

floor

27

missile base

29

surface coating

31

bullet cavity

33

bow wall

35

bullet tip

37

opening

39

cavity bottom

41

cavity base section

43

cavity transition

45

cavity sidewall

47

breaking point

51

centering indentation

53

structuring of the bullet body

55

head Start

57

deepening

M

central axis

f

flight direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US4109581A [0003]
• US4109581 [0003]

Claims (22)

Projectile (1) for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (2) made of iron and a surface coating (29) forming an outer skin of the projectile at least in sections and having a thickness of more than 1 µm and less than 50 µm. Floor (1) after claim 1 , wherein the surface coating (29) has a thickness of at least 3 µm, in particular at least 5 µm, and/or not more than 30 µm, in particular not more than 20 µm, preferably not more than 10 µm, wherein in particular the surface coating (29) a thickness of 7.5 µm ±1 µm. Floor (1) after claim 1 or 2 , wherein the projectile body (2) is completely coated with the surface coating (29) and/or wherein the surface coating (29) has a varying layer thickness. Bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface coating (29) has or consists of an in particular Cr(VI)-free galvanic layer in particular of metal from the group comprising tin, zinc, nickel, cadmium, cobalt and alloys thereof. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface coating (29) has a hardness in the range from 20 HV to 150 HV, in particular a hardness in the range from 40 HV to 100 HV. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the surface coating (29) has at least one zinc alloy with at least one alloy component from the group consisting of iron and nickel. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the surface coating (29) and/or the projectile body (2) is/are free of lead, copper and/or chromium. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile body (2) has iron and additionally at least one further transition metal, for example selected from the group containing manganese and copper, in particular in a mass fraction of 0.01% to 1.2% or from 0.3% to 1%. Bullet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron of the bullet body has at least one additive selected from the carbon group, the nitrogen group and/or the oxygen group, wherein in particular the at least one additive is a semimetal, in particular silicon, and/or a percentage by weight at least 0.01% and/or at most 1% or at most 0.5%. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the iron of the projectile body has a copper content of less than 0.4%, in particular less than 0.3% or less than 0.25%. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface coating (29) has or consists of a mineral such as graphite and/or plastic, in particular a polymer such as PA, PAI or PTFE. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface coating (29) has at least two layers of a base near the projectile body surface and an outer layer, the base having a stronger adhesion effect with steel than the outer layer and/or the outer layer being more corrosion-inhibiting as the base, in particular wherein the base comprises or consists of copper and the outer layer comprises or consists of tin or zinc. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface coating (29) has an outside seal, the seal being organic, in particular comprising an oil, such as a vegetable oil, and/or being inorganic, for example a seal dissolved in water silicon base. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the surface coating (29), in particular the base and/or the outer layer, consists of a material whose melting point is greater than 250°C. Projectile, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm, comprising an in particular ogive-like projectile front (3), an in particular cylindrical guide band (5) adjoining it in the longitudinal direction of the projectile for engaging in the tensile field profile of a barrel of the handgun and a bullet tail (7) adjoining the guide band (5) in the longitudinal direction of the bullet, the lateral surface of which is structured at least in sections in such a way that the resistance of the bullet tail to the barrel is lower than that of the guide band. Floor (1) after claim 15 , wherein the surface structuring (53) is realized by pressing in, in particular embossing, such as knurling or knurling, or by introducing, in particular by machining or forming, a projection-depression sequence (55, 57). Floor (1) after claim 15 or 16 , wherein the surface structuring (53) comprises a peripheral projection-depression sequence (55, 57), in particular of at least two projections and depressions, the depressions in particular having a depth of at least 0.01 mm and/or at most 1 mm. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile body (2) has, at least in sections, a structure which increases the adhesive base for the surface coating (29). Floor (1) after Claim 18 , wherein the projectile body structure is realized by the surface structuring (53) in the form of a projection-depression sequence (55, 57) and the depressions are at least 50%, in particular at least 75% or completely covered with the surface coating (29). Ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, comprising an ammunition case and a projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims arranged therein. A method for producing a particular according to one of Claims 1 until 19 designed projectile for ammunition, in which a projectile body (2) is formed from iron and is coated at least in sections with a surface coating (29) with a thickness of more than 1 µm and less than 50 µm to form an outer skin of the projectile. procedure after Claim 21 , wherein the surface coating (29) is applied galvanically, in particular is applied in a galvanic immersion bath, or is produced by sputtering.

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