DE102021106002A1 - reusable charging system - Google Patents

Abstract

Until now, the batteries in electric vehicles have been charged using a cable connection and this requires long waiting times. In cities, separate parking spaces must be designated for charging stations. Hybrid vehicles, which in practice are mainly operated with the internal combustion engine, always have to carry the weight of all built-in accumulators as ballast. In addition, electric vehicles with large battery packs are extremely dangerous in the event of a fire when they are live where they are either recharged in the vehicle, or for a quick exchange at an automated charging station (10), at a point of sale or with other road users, easily replaced in a few minutes. The reusable charging system (Fig.1) is on Motor vehicles with electric drive and/or internal combustion engines and other mobile power-performance devices applicable.

Description

The invention relates to a reusable charging system ( 1 ) According to the preamble of claim 1, with modularized, easily exchangeable reusable containers for different energy carriers, which can be exchanged on the go and sold in stock, as well as in an automated exchange, filling and/or charging station.

Motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, work machines and other non-stationary power devices have hitherto been manufactured with internal combustion engines with a permanently installed fuel tank for gasoline, diesel, liquid gas or hydrogen or with electric motors and permanently installed accumulators or fuel cells and are also marketed as hybrid versions. In the case of small electrical devices, equipping them with standardized, easily replaceable batteries and rechargeable accumulators is common and proven practice. Also for laypeople.

Up until now, the built-in batteries in electric vehicles have been charged over a period of several hours via a cable connection in the vehicle to the household electricity connection. The charging capacity is limited by the dimensioning of the connection cables in the settlement and the electrical installation installed in the house. On the other hand, recharging can take place at so-called quick-charging stations on the open road or at specially designated parking spaces in cities. Charging connections with stronger cables for higher charging current are installed there. But even here there are still long waiting times, which are even longer when there are several vehicles waiting to be reloaded. This is associated with an increase in search traffic when the charging stations are full, and this in turn reduces the range to the actual travel destination. When it's cold, drivers often overlook the problem of the accumulators discharging more quickly and unexpectedly have to leave the planned route or get stuck in traffic jams on long motorway journeys. City administrations and municipalities face the problem of the very expensive expansion of the infrastructure with inner-city charging stations, which is not only associated with interventions in the building structure when laying cables, but also reduces the already too scarce car parking spaces by converting them into charging stations and are no longer available for the other parking space seekers. This in turn causes search traffic among all those who have no need to charge at all, with all its negative effects in terms of increased traffic volume, quality of life in the districts and aggravation of the entire commercial and cultural sector in city centers, the more electric vehicles drive there.

In many situations, hybrid vehicles have hitherto had an unnecessarily high vehicle weight for long-distance journeys due to the heavy battery packs installed in addition to the combustion engine, and the heavy combustion engine has to be carried along for short-distance journeys that make sense electrically, which worsens the overall balance in terms of energy consumption in practice. The technical effort for the many manufacturer-specific versions is very high and makes the vehicles more expensive. In addition, citizens are unsettled by the large number of developments and systems offered by the automotive industry. This is how bad purchases arise in ignorance of some consequences that are not sustained. The resale value of fast-moving products drops drastically. Additional, unnecessary energy consumption occurs when the actually possible useful life is not exhausted and the return to the energy and raw material cycle is not already sustainable in the production concept.

A serious problem exists with regard to the risk of fire in the event of an accident, extinguishing and rescuing the occupants of electric vehicles with large battery packs under voltage. So far, the number of such accidents is still small. However, as the number of electric vehicles in use increases, so does the probability of such highly dangerous accidents.

The problems mentioned are fundamentally solved with this invention, in that a reusable charging system intended for standardization ( 1 ) is created, which is multi-media and reusable in terms of energy sources and energy use, thus enabling a completely new definition of the automobile, as well as the use of colour-coded reusable charging containers ( 3 ) (1) in multiple-way distribution with reimbursement. It enables quick and easy recharging with all common energy sources, anywhere and depending on availability on site. It is generally applicable to many vehicles or power devices and enables the development of a new generation of general purpose and multiple reusable automobiles with fewer limitations in practical use and smaller deficits in energy balance. The risk of a major fire can be minimized by isolating the energy sources in small units and separate cartridges with appropriate protective covers. Predetermined breaking points, which allow the individual cartridges below the stiffening floor panel or the supporting floor panel to drift away from the passenger compartment through a light underbody cover in the event of an impact, can again significantly increase safety. In the initial phase, everyday vehicles designed primarily for economy are still be a little less powerful and long-distance speeds are reserved for the more expensive upper class and sports cars. However, this will be put into perspective over time, as in the history of the automobile, with increasing progress in new developments.

With this invention, automobiles can be developed in the future that are operated with a variable modular system of power generators (motors) and several different energy carriers in uniform, reusable charging containers (1). The system can accompany the developments and changes in the energy market for decades without major changes in concept and opens up new, flexible drive perspectives via macros with synergetic use of different performance principles, properties and advantages. In the system with magazine (5), charging bus (6) and charging, refilling and coupling devices controlled by charging control (7) and charge indicator (3), the energy supply can be quickly and easily adapted to the current requirement or the given availability. For short-distance journeys, the vehicle weight can also be reduced by removing it. The multi-way charging system ( 1 ) is the basis for future motor vehicles, which are scalable in their performance definition, in that both small-displacement internal combustion engines with multi-way and mixed carburettors, as well as electric motors with multiple current conversion and recirculation of the deceleration energy in the electricity storage are configured to be easily exchangeable. These vehicles can be charged using the multi-use charging system invented here ( 1 ) at the same time keep the various energy sources in stock: power accumulator, fuel cell, hydrogen, hydrogen-magnesium paste, water, liquid gas, petrol, diesel and biofuels and use them in parallel, mix them or cascade them to modulate the output or form energy macros from them that are in an organic network from technical metabolism, bionic energy cycles and digitally supported, customer-oriented, simplified operation of the complex fine tuning, achieve very high overall efficiencies.

An application example is: economical permanent electric drive using fuel cells with power connection from accumulators to up to 4 wheel motors, with simultaneous power distribution to two other small-volume combustion engines, one of which can be switched between diesel and hydrogen and the other between petrol and LPG. In addition to heating purposes, the waste heat from the water cooling can be converted into kinetic energy by means of steam transformation by adding a small amount of additional energy from an energy carrier that is optimal for this purpose, or can be used to preheat the admixing water for the hydrogen paste to increase performance. The power units are activated via the multi-channel charging bus (6), by activation by the charging controller (7) and indication by the charge indicator (3), as well as by channel selection and opening the controlled valves in the charging sleeve pairs (2), according to the power macro to be called up from the respective corresponding loading containers (1) fed. Likewise, individual locations in the magazine (5) can be occupied with reusable collection containers of the same shape for collecting waste materials or reusable containers for process water instead of with reusable loading containers (1). The digitized charging control (7) with user display is used to set which charging containers are to be emptied with priority, when and in what capacity situation. This reduces the replacement to mostly completely empty cargo containers (1), while reserves with containers that are still full can remain. Depending on the technical requirements, groups are automatically formed for electrical series or parallel circuits in the charging bus circuit. The charging control menu (7) has various setting parameters with which, in connection with the manufacturer-specific vehicle control, the operation and the performance of the motor vehicle are balanced between economy, ideal distribution of the drive load and driving dynamics peak performance. On the basis of ideal characteristic curves, the respective ideal configuration is selected from the engines that are optimal for the respective driving situation and the associated reusable loading container (1) is activated and opened. The charging control (7) is used in conjunction with the charge detectors (3) for performance-related unloading of the reusable charging container (1) for overall control and individual status information in the magazine (5) with regard to fill level and determined range. When charging the accumulators in the vehicle with a cable, as well as when filling up at the conventional fuel pump, the charging control (7) is used conversely to control the components required for the charging process, such as electrical contacts, solenoid valves, vacuum, pressure and/or charging pumps. Otherwise, the emptied reusable loading containers (1) are pulled out of the magazine (5), exchanged for full ones at the exchange terminal (8) of a loading station (10) and pushed back in again, or if they are not used they are handed in for a refund and later bought again without handing in an empty one. For the user, this results in familiar and traditionally simple manners in almost all conceivable situations, while the complexity of the entire system remains largely hidden during operation and is digitally automated.

The automobile of the future will be powered by the multi-way charging system ( 1 ) with a matching drive system to a range of 1000 km with a full magazine (5). With reusable equipment, the range is of secondary importance if the energy source available on site can be recharged quickly. The decentralized drive system with small, interchangeable combustion engines and small gears has few mechanical losses and compensates for the lower individual power with little friction by switching on electric hub motors or wheel motors with high torque. The overall consumption is determined by the driving dynamics and vehicle weight, which can be easily reduced by removing the components that are not required and reusable loading containers (1). The vehicles with the multi-way charging system ( 1 ) do not necessarily have to be fully equipped. Rather, the concept of modularization also provides for an initial purchase at partial cost, which can be increased at any time or downgraded for second-hand sales.

The reusable loading containers (1) are usually inserted into the receiving sleeves of a magazine (5) in the floor assembly of the vehicle chassis. To do this, the closing flaps on the side of both rocker panels on the body have to be opened, which release the slots for the receiving sleeves. The loading containers (1) can be pushed into the vehicle floor from the side. The charging containers (1) are shaped in such a way that they cannot be inserted incorrectly. The pairs of charging sockets (2) are also shaped in such a way that only those with the same polarity or the same type can be connected. The reusable charging containers (1) are connected to the motor vehicle (13) or to the charging station (10) via the pair of charging sockets (2) by means of a plug-in process with electromechanical locking and a press seal in the socket crowns. The diaphragm closure in the charging sleeves (2) is opened by counter-pressure by means of magnetic valve mechanisms in the vehicle (13) or in the charging station (10). At the same time, the electrical contacts in the socket crowns are also closed by the plug connection.

The locking and unlocking of the pair of loading sleeves (2) when inserting and removing the loading container (1) takes place before the flow of contents is released via a locking handle (4) coupled with the snap lock, which, when pulled out, also serves as a carrying handle and continuously on the opposite side the locking handle of the Plug connection to similar cascadable loading containers. This allows reusable loading containers (1) to be cascaded in any 1/3 module increment. The control variable of the reusable loading container (1) is 1/1. Sizes 2/3 and 1/3 are intended for smaller vehicles and equipment. A simple plug-in connection is sufficient for electrical charging containers (1), for charging containers (1) containing gas or liquids, media-specific through adapters with press seals must be inserted into the pair of charging sleeves (2) before locking. Thus, in an emergency, entire containers can be put together from small containers, intermediate or longer lengths or power/fuel combinations can be created. And motorists can help each other out on the road by exchanging reusable loading containers (1) and checking and paying for them using the display of the load indicator (3).

The load indicator (3) installed in each loading container (1) not only shows the emptying status and the frequency of reusable use on a display, but also supports control functions via electronic circuits installed there. This means that both the own sensors and valves in the charging container (1) and external sensors in other reusable charging containers, in the vehicle or in the charging station are addressed via a digitally addressable bus protocol and their states are sent to the charging control (7), whereby the container size and the type of medium or energy carrier is transmitted. The charging controller (7) has the same interfaces, control parameters and control mechanisms in the motor vehicle (13) and in the charging station (10).

After inserting the empty reusable loading container (1) in the delivery station (12), the container medium and the filling level are determined in the course of the test and unloading sequence (9) with the parameters of the loading control (7) and the load indicator (3), the Tank configuration checked for function of the tank components, possible discharge and refreshment processes of the storage capacity or pressure and elasticity tests on pressure membranes or counter-pressure bubbles, as well as tightness tests on the socket valves. In the case of containers with liquid propellants, the fuel filling flows through the active (+) charging sleeve, while compressed air is pressed via the passive (-) charging sleeve into a counter-pressure bladder built into the fuel volume for gravity- and slope-independent emptying.

Changing the reusable loading containers (1) takes place in a short time at automated delivery stations (12) with exchange terminals (8) for issue and return, but can also be carried out quickly and easily at gas stations or sales outlets with warehousing and staff. The provision of spare parts is also clearer with this invention if the entire vehicle is designed in a modularized reusable system and if the vehicle chassis is up-to-date for a longer period of time with a built-in reusable charging system ( 1 ), scrap is also reduced due to the system change. The high-quality vehicle chassis can be taken back be rebuilt for new customer adaptations.

Conventional refueling at the pump and/or charging by cable can also continue to be implemented in the vehicle or device with this multi-way charging system by adapting the charging circuit in the vehicle and for liquid or gaseous energy carriers, depending on the design of the vehicle, charging pumps that may be required and pressure locks with solenoid valves are provided in the vehicle. This is then a question of the manufacturer equipment.

The multi-way charging system has a charging bus (6) with power, charging and emptying interfaces, which are available both stationary and mobile in the vehicle and on the charging containers (1) with the same male/female plug-in sleeve functionality and via pairs of charging sleeves (2) get connected. These pairs of charging sockets (2) are provided with multi-pole, segmented electrical contacts in the socket collars, which conduct control and charging power flows, and have socket openings closed with pressure valves on the socket base for the passage of liquid or gaseous media. The pressure valves are actuated during loading and unloading via relays, magnet or servomotors, which are installed in the vehicle with the same control protocol of the loading control (7) as in the testing and unloading station (9), loading station (10) and delivery station (11). be managed.

Converting end-of-life vehicles is fundamentally possible while retaining the essential components, but will probably only make sense with high-quality products. This reusable charging system is therefore primarily designed for the new vehicles of the future.

The main novelty is the combination of all common and commercially available energy sources in a reusable charging system ( 1 ), which, in terms of ease of use, corresponds to the generally known and customary use of exchangeable batteries. The size of the energy tank is selected so that even energy tanks with heavy power accumulators do not require more effort than changing a wheel or carrying a heavy shopping bag. Aids such as shopping carts for collective transport can be made available at loading stations. The design of the exchange terminals (8), the testing and unloading stations (9) and charging stations (10) will not be discussed further here because this, like the implementation of the invention using existing technologies, is possible within the framework of current design and construction services .

For longer-lasting applications, the configuration of the decentralized power motors in the modular drive (14) can be changed with bayonet locking in the axle drive and/or power generators with or without energy recovery (15). The reusable charging system ( 1 ) is designed in such a way that it can also work in reverse via the charging bus (6) and the charging controller (7) by changing the electrical circuit. This means that loading or unloading processes or both can be carried out at different points at the same time. Mixers and/or vapor transformers can also be integrated synergistically between the charging bus and the internal combustion engine. Both the replacement of usually one to two central internal combustion engines with small displacements in which the carburettor system, lubrication and engine block are designed for the combustion of various fuels, as well as modular changes to the transmission axles and/or usually two to four electric, decentralized wheel motors, which can be operated via reversing circuit and electrical resistance modulation work as current generators and convert the deceleration energy into charging current until the friction brakes start in the event of emergency braking, are applied in the design of the multi-way charging system (1). Accordingly, sensors, circuits, deflection mechanisms and actuators or magnetic circuits are provided at the interfaces of the energy flow, which can be configured in the overall system in interaction with the suction and valve technology on the charging bus (6). It is almost impossible for such a vehicle to break down as long as the vehicle driver does not ignore the configurable feedback and warnings from the charging controller (7). It is very unlikely that all drive modules will fail at the same time. It can also be used to optimize single-wheel, multi-wheel or all-wheel drive in different driving situations, each with the lowest possible energy consumption.

1. a) Akkumulatoren für elektrische Energiespeicherung und Brennstoffzellen
2. b) Behälter aus Metall und/oder Kunststoff
3. c) Chemische Reaktoren und Mischapparaturen
4. d) Druckgefäße, pneumatische Druckausgleichsmembranen und Druckleitungen
5. e) Elektrische Schaltkreise, Leitungs- und Kontaktvorrichtungen
6. f) Fördersysteme mit elektromechanischen Apparaturen
7. g) Gasbehälter und -leitungen
8. h) Halte- und Verriegelungsvorrichtungen
9. i) Informatik und digitale Steuerungen
10. j) Joulesche Wandlersysteme, kinetisch, thermisch, elektrisch, magnetisch
11. k) Kupplungssysteme mit Magnetventiltechnik an Druckleitungen

The invention relates to the cumulative overall system, which can also be implemented functionally in parts using the following known technologies and components:

1. a) Accumulators for electrical energy storage and fuel cells
2. b) Metal and/or plastic containers
3. c) Chemical reactors and mixing apparatus
4. d) pressure vessels, pneumatic pressure compensation membranes and pressure lines
5. e) Electrical circuits, conducting and contact devices
6. f) Conveyor systems with electromechanical devices
7. g) Gas tanks and pipes
8. h) Holding and locking devices
9. i) IT and digital controls
10. j) Joule converter systems, kinetic, thermal, electrical, magnetic
11. k) Coupling systems with solenoid valve technology on pressure lines

• 1 = das Mehrweg-Ladesystem ganzheitlich
• 2 = das Mehrweg-Antriebssystem im Kraftfahrzeug / Leistungsgerät
• 3 = die Mehrweg-Ladebehälter (Akkumulator, Treibstoff-Wechseltank oder Kombitank)
• 4 = die Mehrweg-Ladestation mit Tauschterminal

In the 4 figure drawings of the appendix each denote:

• 1 = the reusable charging system holistically
• 2 = the multi-way drive system in the motor vehicle / power device
• 3 = the reusable charging container (accumulator, fuel swap tank or combination tank)
• 4 = the reusable charging station with exchange terminal

1

the reusable charging container

2

the pair of charging sleeves + -

3

the charge detector

4

the locking handle

5

the magazine for the loading containers

6

the charging bus

7

the charge controller

8th

the exchange terminal

9

the test and discharge sequence in the charge cycle

10

the charging station in charging circulation

11

charge maintenance in the warehouse and charge circulation before issue

12

the delivery station with loading circulating belt

13

the motor vehicle or other power output device

14

the decentralized modular drive

15

the energy return device

Claims (9)

Reusable charging system ( 1 ) for motor vehicles (13) and mobile power devices, characterized in that combinations of several energy carriers such as: power accumulator, fuel cell, hydrogen, hydrogen paste, water, liquid gas, diesel, petrol and biofuel, in separate, uniform, differently colored reusable charging containers ( 1) which are held by an electrically conductive and/or pressure-tight pair of charging sleeves (2) when indicated by a charge indicator (3), either in a magazine (5) for the consumption connection with the vehicle (13) or for the charging/refill connection in a circulating conveyor system be connected to the charging station (10) by mechanical snap-locking coupled with a locking handle (4). In the magazine (5) built into the chassis of the vehicle (13), the reusable loading containers (1) are loaded via plug-in contacts and solenoid valves in the loading sleeve pairs (2) and indication by the load indicator (3) and snap closure by the locking handle (4) via a multi-channel charging bus (6) connected to the power generators or carburetors of the engines in the modular drive (14). The digital charging control (7) regulates the switching of the electrical resistances, the discharge and charging currents, the electromechanical actuation of the valves, mixers, carburetors and charging pumps, as well as the operator guidance via the input menu in the digitized vehicle control display. The unloading takes place on the loading bus (6) in the vehicle (13) with a universal design of the magazine (5) through a multi-channel shut-off valve or rotary disk perforated valve, which selects the respective fuel channel on the loading sleeve connection before a solenoid valve releases the flow in the pair of loading sleeves (2). With a simple design of the magazine (5), only one fuel medium and one electrical connection are assigned to the color-coded slots. The electrical discharge and charge is implemented on all plug contacts to the charging sleeve pairs (2). The charging bus (6) has connection interfaces for charging cables and tank inlets, which means that the charging containers (1) can also be loaded directly in the vehicle, at normal fuel filling stations or charging cable stations. Mainly, however, the empty-for-full exchange is carried out by removing the reusable loading container (1) and handing it in at the exchange terminal (8) of a loading station (10) or at points of sale or, in an emergency, with other road users. The charging process at a charging station (10) is fully automated, either at an exchange terminal (8) designed for electric charging and/or a fuel and marked accordingly in one or two colors, or in systems with more complex sorting, conveying and filling technology at a corresponding one available there Energy carriers, multi-colored exchange terminal (8), which also checks several different energy carriers in circulation through a conveyor system with the help of the status information of the charge detector (3), sorts them out, reloads them, holds them and fills them up again. Reusable charging system ( 1 ) for vehicles with electric drive and/or internal combustion engines and associated, generally accessible charging stations, characterized in that portable, modularized charging containers (1) as a whole 1/1 or in combination of 2/3 and 1/3 lengths, each with the same shape and each similar Plug connections through pairs of charging sleeves (2), but with different energy carriers as content, which are indicated by an electronic charge indicator (3) together with container size and fill level, locked and unlocked using a locking handle and accessible via opening flaps, from a magazine installed in the vehicle (13). (5) can be removed and inserted in order to change the energy supply of the vehicle (13), which is connected via the charging bus (6) and regulated by the charging controller (7), after one or more reusable charging containers (1) have been exchanged at the fully automated exchange terminal (8) with digitally recorded reimbursement of leftover energy content, were exchanged. The exchange terminal (8) has the same color on the visible front as the reusable loading container (1) to be exchanged there and is the user interface when manually exchanging the partially/empty for full reusable loading containers (1). After being pushed into the delivery opening at the exchange terminal (8) and placed on a link of the conveyor belt for loading circulation, these first go through a test in a partially/emptied state, with the (female) loading sleeves (2) being locked on the (male) loading nozzles applied there - and discharge sequence (9) in the charging cycle, in which, depending on the energy source content, the charge detector (3) determines the remaining content and reports it to the system for reimbursement. At the same time, processes for refreshing the accumulator capacity, testing, sorting out and cleaning processes for the reusable charging containers (1) with gases or liquids, as well as their integrated suction nozzles, pressure bladders, pressure membranes and valves are initiated and carried out. This is followed by the entry into the charging station (10) designed for the main service via the conveyor system of the charging cycle, in which, depending on the medium, electricity charging or recharging or filling with fuel takes place in the respective technology. After full charge, the charge cycle leads to a storage facility dimensioned according to need with charge retention (11) for accumulators, or with refilling or pressure maintenance for hydrogen or liquid gas fillings or fuel cells for longer storage times. The loading indicator (3) shows on its display that the loading container (1) is in perfect condition even before it is removed and releases the removal or otherwise initiates the continuation without removal back into the loading circuit. Reusable charging system ( 1 ) for motor vehicles and mobile power devices, characterized in that it comprises the following components and features, which interact interactively and cumulatively: 3.1 Asymmetrically profiled reusable charging containers (1) in 1/1, 2/3, or 1/ 3 lengths in a container color that always corresponds to the respective content, filled with a power accumulator and/or fuel cell, hydrogen, hydrogen paste, liquid gas, petrol, diesel or biofuel and with internally installed sensors, pressure bladders, pressure membranes, pressure chambers, and/or suction nozzles with 3.2 Pair of charging sleeves (2) with electrical contacts for multi-pole control in the digitally addressed bus system and power contacts for strong charging currents and spring-loaded snap locks on the inner edge of the sleeve crowns and on the outer edge of the mutual plug-in nipples as well as pressure-tight membrane valves on the sleeve bases and on the caps of the plug-in nipples, which are controlled with solenoid valves in the charging bus of the vehicle or the charging station or opened with adapter pieces when coupling together and 3.3 charge indicator (3) with integrated circuits, permanent memory and digital display for showing the fill level, usage cycles and status information of the multi-way charging system, powered by the power of the battery in the charging container and/or the plug contacts to other charging containers and/or or the plug contacts in the vehicle or the charging station and 3.4 locking handle (4), which can be pulled out on the charging socket side and is mechanically coupled to a pressure tongue in a recess on the opposite side and is mechanically connected to the latches of the charging sockets and keeps them open in a loose intermediate position , while they are locked in the fully depressed or fully extended end position and 3.5 Magazine (5) in the vehicle chassis for receiving the reusable charging containers and for plugging them into the multi-channel charging bus via the pairs of charging sleeves, designed for color-coded assignment of the slots or Flexible universal assignment and 3.6 charging bus (6) with control and charging current connection at the interfaces of the reusable charging containers (1) and/or fuel connection by type per slot and/or universal bundle connection of all fuels with multi-channel sorting valve per slot and multi-channel connection to the carburetors, Mixers and switching parts of the modular drive and the energy return, as well as the onboard tank and charging cable connections, all of which are digitally controlled by the central charging control (7). Reusable charging system ( 1 ) for motor vehicles and charging stations, characterized in that it has the following components and features, which interact interactively and cumulatively and form both the handset and the stationary part of the entire reusable charging system: 4.1 reusable charging container (1) with power battery and / or Fuel cell, hydrogen, hydrogen-magnesium paste, water, LPG, petrol, diesel or biofuels such as rapeseed oil or alcohol as content with 4.2 pair of charging sleeves (2) with power contacts and pressure valves and 4.3. Charge indicator (3) with display, circuits and sensors for indication and reporting of fill level, charging cycles, temperature, pressure and component status and 4.4 carrying and locking handle (4) for locking and unlocking the charging sleeves and 4.5. Magazine (5) in the vehicle for inserting and removing the loading container and 4.6. Charging bus (6) for the multi-channel connection of the reusable charging container with the carburetors and switching parts of the modular drive and the energy recovery and 4.7 charging control (7) with display and menu for programming and automatic coordination of the electrical circuits, the solenoid valves and charging pumps during discharging and charging in the Vehicle, as well as with the same control protocol, the same parameters and the same interfaces in the stationary charging station and 4.8 exchange terminal (8) in the color of the energy carrier to be exchanged with insertion opening for empty or partially empty reusable charging containers and output opening for full reusable charging containers and payment machine for card and/or cash payment with return of money for payment and reimbursement of container deposit and content difference, indicated by the load indicator on each reusable container and 4.9 test and unloading sequence (9) in the conveyor system of the load circulation immediately after the return of the partially/emptied reusable container for recording the content, emptying, checking, refreshing the storage capacity, cleaning, functional tests of the container components, sorting out or forwarding and reporting the data to the filling system of the charging station and to the payment system for reimbursement and 4.10 charging station (10) with high-voltage charging and/or filling with fuel Reusable charging containers in charging circulation in the respective automation technology of the energy carrier to be charged or refilled and 4.11 charge maintenance (11) by low-current recharging or small quantity refilling in the event of a level or pressure loss of volatile contents, in the case of longer storage in large stationary storage facilities and 4.12 delivery station (12) for delivery of the empty reusable loading container, with conveyor system of a loading circulating belt with individual links for setting up one reusable loading container each, plugging in with the pair of loading sleeves and locking with the locking handle and vice versa removal after system release and unlocking it corresponding full reusable loading container after payment has been made and 4.13 motor vehicle (13) on the reusable loading system ( 1 ) designed chassis (chassis) and compatible vehicle control and 4.14 modular drive (14) with several, usually six, easily exchangeable, small-volume drive units as electric or combustion engines with multi-way carburetors for several energy sources and roughly graded small gears, the missing intermediate translations are compensated for by temporary cascading or Switching of the active-passive states in the motor macro to generate the optimal torque during acceleration, speed maintenance and deceleration and 4.15 energy return (15) through waste heat utilization and steam transformation as well as reversing the electrical effect between coil fields and permanent magnets in electric motors, as well as distance, field strength and resistance modulation and cascading the returnable cargo containers to modulate the cargo load, governed by the cargo controller interacting with the vehicle controller. Reusable charging system according to the claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the contact tongues and line connections in the charging sleeve pairs (2) are arranged in such a way that the charge indicator (2) receives its indication current both from the accumulator or the fuel cell installed in the charging container (1) and via the plug-in contacts to another charging container ( 1) as well as being inserted in the magazine (5) to enable a variety of controls. Reusable charging system according to the claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the charging bus (6) consists of several electrical conductor tracks for charging and discharging currents and for control currents with digitized bus address protocol and from several pipelines, each of which carries one of the fuels: hydrogen, liquid gas, petrol, diesel or biofuel from the reusable Charge containers (1) to the carburetors of the internal combustion engines in the modular drive (14) by being connected either by direct individual connection to the pairs of charging sleeves (2) with solenoid valves or in fuel-specific collecting lines with branches to the slots in the magazine (5), which are combined as a pipe bundle connection with a selector valve for selecting the various fuel channels, are routed to the plug-in connection of each pair of charging sleeves (2) and are in contact there with the electromagnetic opening valves, which, like the selector valves, are regulated by the charge control (7) after the indication of the type of fuel and level per charge smelder (3) and the admixture of water on or in the reusable loading containers (1) with hydrogen paste. the Charging control (7) has a display showing the system components in the individual status and/or group functions and a parameter matrix for situation- and time-dependent selection and combination of the individual reusable charging containers (1) as well as the individual motors and power generators of the modular drive (14) and all interfaces in the charging bus (6) with the functional parts, sensors and programs that can be activated there. Multi-path propulsion system ( 2 ) in modular design, for vehicles with electric drives, internal combustion engines, steam units, and power generation from evaporation, deceleration energy, physical and chemical reactions, characterized in that the modular drive (14) and the braking system with energy recovery (15) on the multi-way charging system ( 1 ) are designed by using several energy sources in a simultaneously available energy pool consisting of a power accumulator, fuel cell, hydrogen, hydrogen-magnesium paste, water, liquid gas, petrol, diesel or biofuel such as rapeseed oil or alcohol, each separately contained in reusable charging containers (1) and collected in a multifunctional magazine (5) via a charging bus (6) in connection with the charging control (7) for the drive and connected and for this purpose a modular system of cascadable internal combustion engines with multi-way carburetors, mixers, cooling water steam transformers, steam engines and electric motors Switching to power generators during deceleration and braking processes, as easily exchangeable wheel motors or hub motors or in gearbox mounts with quick-change locks, in the vehicle axles in order to switch the vehicle in several stages between the device to heavy high performance and the reduction with simple tools and a few simple steps to be adapted for easy economy, while also reducing the number of reusable cargo containers (1) carried on board. The efficiency of the modular drive (14) has been optimized in that, in addition to heat recovery, the gears in the axles are reduced to a few gear ratios with low friction and intermediate stages in the power demand are achieved by adding the torques by actively switching the otherwise passive motors. Conversely, when decelerating, the steam engines and/or electric hub motors are switched inversely to brake compressors and power generators and the charging current and the charging resistances of the reusable charging containers (1) indicated by the charge detectors (3) via the charging control (7) for the braking effect of the inversely working motors modulated and cascaded in order to largely minimize the use of friction brakes and the associated losses. Reusable charging container ( 3 ) in standardized sizes, shapes and housing colours, characterized in that the reusable charging containers (1) of the same shape, graded in 1/3 lengths, asymmetrically profiled, contain color-coded different electrical, gaseous, liquid or pasty energy carriers and have unmistakably shaped charging sleeve pairs ( 2) be connected to electrical contacts and/or pressure valves, whereby they are locked and unlocked in variable proportions in the magazine (5) of a vehicle or in a charging station or with other reusable charging containers (1) using the locking handle (4) and the built-in charge indicator (3) the display shows the filling level, the charging cycles and the status information of the sensors of the built-in charging, discharging and safety devices. An accumulator can also be installed in a reusable charging container (1) filled with fuel, which, when connected, also provides the starting current for devices with a combustion engine but without a battery. Both components are shown in proportion to the volume share by corresponding color parts on the housing. When filling with hydrogen paste, a proportion of the volume can be occupied by the fuel cell and mixer, with mixed and/or process water circulating through the valves of the pair of charging sleeves (2). The locking handle (4) of a reusable loading container (1) locks the spring-loaded latches in the pair of loading sleeves (2) in both end positions via a sliding mechanism and releases them in the intermediate position. On the opposite side, a coupled, sunken slide transfers the pressure to the locking handle of an attached reusable charging container (1) when it is pressed in completely. Reusable charging station ( 4 ) for reusable charging containers for use in motor vehicles, characterized in that they are a conveyor system for the charging circulation of energy carriers of different shapes, such as power accumulators, and/or fuel cells and/or hydrogen, hydrogen paste, water, liquid gas, petrol, diesel or biofuels, such as rapeseed oil or Alcohol, which runs through several sections, with the following components and features that interact interactively, serially, in parallel and cumulatively: 9.1 Exchange terminal (8) in the color of the energy carrier(s) to be exchanged on the 9.1.1 Insertion opening for the Return of the partially/emptied reusable loading containers (1) by placing them on a loading link and engaging the pair of loading sockets (2) by means of pre-locking with the locking handle (4) and activating the loading indicator (3) and the payment system with the display showing the loading container identification and the remaining value for the issue settlement in cash or at the 9.1.2 issue opening for the withdrawal of the full reusable loading container (1) after offsetting Return with payment or as refund and release end lock in circulation for delivery to customer. 9.2 Testing and discharging sequence (9) in the charging cycle with 9.2.1 Evaluation of the indexing and information from the charge detector (3) 9.2.2 Allocation and activation of the energy carrier-specific test routines 9.2.3 Carrying out the test processes 9.2.3 Sorting out unusable reusable charging containers (1) for recycling 9.2.4 Discharging and balancing processes of the accumulator cells 9.2.5 Emptying and cleaning of fuel-filled containers and progression to the 9.3 charging station (10) with sequential or parallel recharging or filling in the 9.3.1 high-power rapid charging device for accumulators or 9.3.2 High-pressure filling with hydrogen or 9.3.3 pressure filling with liquid gas or LPG or 9.3.4 kneading and pressure pump filling with hydrogen paste or 9.3.5 pump filling per indication with petrol, diesel or biofuel and progression to 9.4. Conservation of charge (11) for smaller systems in the conveyor belt sequence with 9.4.1 docking devices on the charging elements with energy carrier detection and/or 9.4.2 switch systems for distribution in individual departments of a storage magazine and 9.3.3 conservation of charge with low current or refilling in the event of pressure losses and 9.3.4 digitized Retrieval interface with piece number recording via charge detector (3) for the fastest possible delivery of the requested energy carrier in the charging cycle to 9.5 the delivery station (12) with exchange terminal (8) and payment system On page - 17 - follows the summary and in the appendix on pages - 18 - to - 21 - follow four sheets with the drawings: 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 .

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