DE102020206943A1 - Vehicle access system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle access system for a motor vehicle in order to enable barrier-free access to the vehicle interior (I) of a motor vehicle (K) via a vehicle opening (O), with an extendable and retractable ramp (1) assigned to the vehicle opening (O), which creates an access to the vehicle opening (O), the ramp (1) to form a ramp surface a plurality of ramp members (10) which extend transversely to the extension direction (A) of the ramp (1) and are arranged one behind the other along the extension direction (A) and are connected to one another in an articulated manner ) having. A tensioning device (15) is arranged on the ramp (1), by means of which a tension acting on the ramp members (10) along the extension direction (A) can be generated and adjusted in order to adjust the spatial alignment and / or shape of the extended ramp (1 ) to vary.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle access system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for providing barrier-free access to the vehicle interior of a motor vehicle.

Such a vehicle access system connects the vehicle interior of a motor vehicle or an access opening to the vehicle interior (stepless) with the environment via an extendable and retractable ramp, for example by placing the ramp at its end facing away from the vehicle on a curb on a street. The ramp can be formed by articulated links (ramp links), e.g. in the form of lamellas, for example rods, strips or rods, arranged one behind the other and arranged one behind the other along the extension direction, and for example on a bus, a tram or a passenger car. In this way, for example, barrier-free access to a means of transport can be ensured.

Conventional entry aids are rigid and have to be folded out or folded down manually, which makes use inflexible and time-consuming.

From the DE 10 2015 106 342 A1 a ramp comprising several segments is known, the segments of which are mounted in a retracted position in a housing and can be extended and retracted with a drive wheel. The individual segments are connected to one another in a pivotable manner so that the ramp can be deflected by 180 ° for storage. A chain-like connection of the ramp segments to one another, which can only be pivoted on the lower side and has a blocking effect on the upper side, enables the (self-retaining) formation of a flat upper side of the ramp in the extended state.

The object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle access system for a motor vehicle which enables the ramp to be placed in a controllable manner on the outer floor to be entered.

This object is achieved by a vehicle access system with the features of claim 1.

Thereafter, a tensioning device is assigned to the ramp and in particular arranged on the ramp, by means of which a tension acting on the ramp members along the extension direction can be adjusted in order to be able to vary the spatial alignment and / or shape of the extended ramp.

Accordingly, the extendable ramp can be tilted depending on the tension relative to an access opening of the motor vehicle, which can be a door opening, for example, by a tensioning or pulling element of the tensioning device, so that an inclined plane is created which represents a comfortable access to the motor vehicle when it comes into contact with the ground. In particular, a ramp is created which, on the one hand, can be stowed compactly and, on the other hand, the extension width and / or the angle of attack (with respect to the access opening) can be adjusted on a case-by-case basis for a particular use.

By means of the tensioning device, the pre-tensioning in the ramp or between the ramp members can be adapted to the desired position of the extended ramp. In the extended state of the ramp, the controlled reduction of the preload and the associated adjustment of the inclination of the ramp make it possible to have the ramp set up at a desired distance from the access opening, whereby it extends at a defined angle from its attached street-side end Access opening extends.

In particular, the voltage can be selected (at least) so large that the ramp is forced to stretch, i.e. to form an (essentially flat) ramp surface and only the angle of incidence of the ramp varies (by varying the voltage within a limited setting range) will. On the other hand, the voltage acting on the ramp can also be reduced to such an extent that the ramp can be brought into a shape deviating from a plane.

According to one embodiment, the ramp has a plurality of ramp members which, in a retracted position, are received on a vehicle assembly (within the motor vehicle, e.g. in the form of a housing) and can be pivoted relative to one another for this purpose, the ramp members being movable along an extension direction with respect to the motor vehicle, in order to transfer the ramp members from the retracted position to an extended position in which the ramp members are supported on one another in such a way that the ramp members form a ramp surface.

A vehicle access system of this type can, for example, form an at least largely flat ramp surface for a vehicle such as a wheelchair or stroller. However, it is also conceivable and possible for the ramp to form ramp sections with a non-planar ramp surface.

The ramp surface of the ramp can be formed by ramp members that can be flexibly moved relative to one another. This results in an arrangement that can optionally be rolled up for stowing in the retracted position so that the ramp can be accommodated in the motor vehicle in a space-saving manner. To extend the ramp members can be moved and moved out of the motor vehicle in the direction of extension, for example through a (closable) slot in the vehicle body. In an extended position, the ramp members form the ramp surface and are supported on one another in such a way that the ramp can be loaded sufficiently to serve as access to the motor vehicle.

In one possible embodiment, the ramp members extend transversely to the extension direction and are formed, for example, by elongated slats or strips. The ramp members can be pivoted relative to one another about (virtual) joint axes which run transversely to the direction of extension.

In a first embodiment, the ramp members can be connected to one another in an articulated manner via joints. In this case, for example, adjacent ramp members are each connected to and held together via at least one joint.

According to an advantageous aspect, adjacent ramp members can be detached from one another at the joints in a non-destructive manner, which can improve the manageability of the ramp. The releasability of the joints enables the ramp members to separate from one another in the event of an excessive load without irreversible breakage of the ramp members. By restoring the articulated connection at the joints, the ramp can then be brought into an operational state, which can be done automatically when the ramp is driven into a motor vehicle, for example.

In the extended position, the ramp members are supported on one another in such a way that they form the ramp surface. In the extended position, at least some of the ramp members extend freely away from the motor vehicle and are preferably only supported against one another, but not additionally in each case on a guide rail. The ramp surface formed by the ramp members thus extends freely outward from the motor vehicle, while the ramp members are supported on one another.

In order to provide such a support, the ramp members each have at least one stop surface, for example, which is offset, in particular, perpendicular to the joint axis. In the extended position, the stop surfaces of adjacent ramp members rest against one another, so that the ramp members are supported against one another and torques that act in the loading direction on the joint located between the adjacent ramp members can be absorbed and dissipated via the stop surfaces. The ramp members are thus held in position with respect to one another by abutment of the stop surfaces, so that a suitable ramp surface is formed.

In order to make the ramp surface at an angle in the extension direction, the stop surfaces of different ramp members can be designed differently. For example, it is conceivable that the ramp members extended last also have fixed stop surfaces which, however, are extended at an angle not equal to 90 ° with respect to the direction of movement of the ramp member. If a contact surface of such a ramp element is outside the motor vehicle, the adjacent ramp elements are at an angle to one another. The angle difference between the stop surfaces and 90 ° on several ramp links adds up to the total angle of incidence of the ramp surface formed by (the remaining ramp links).

In one embodiment, the ramp members each have at least one guide element. For example, the ramp members can each have two guide elements which are arranged at the lateral ends of the respective ramp member (spaced apart from one another transversely to the extension direction) and which, for example, establish the articulated connection to adjacent ramp members. In the retracted state, the ramp members can be guided via the guide elements on a guide rail of the vehicle assembly, the guide elements being extended out of the guide rail to extend the ramp and then retracted back into the guide rail to retract the ramp.

The guide elements preferably form the joints between adjacent ramp members. A guide element can have a first joint element on a first side and a second joint element on a second side facing away from the first side. Via the first joint element, the guide element can be connected to a second joint element of an adjacent ramp link located on the first side, while the guide element can be coupled to a first joint element of an adjacent ramp link located on the second side via the second joint element.

The guide elements of (most) the ramp members are preferably of identical construction. Each guide element has a first Joint element and a second joint element, which make it possible to articulate and preferably releasably couple adjacent ramp members (non-destructively).

The joint elements can, for example, be formed on the one hand by a joint pin and on the other hand by a joint shell into which the joint pin of the other joint element can engage. The associated joint elements can thus be plugged into one another and are connected to one another in an articulated manner in the assembled state, the articulated connection being able to be released by removing the joint elements from one another. For this purpose, for example, sufficient elasticity can be provided on the joint elements, for example in the joint shell, so that the joint elements can be reversibly disengaged.

In one embodiment, the ramp members are pretensioned to one another via a tensioning device, for example using a tensioning element, for example in the form of an elastic or flexible traction means, for example a rope or band, optionally in the form of a rubber rope or rubber band. This has the advantage, on the one hand, that the ramp members, when the articulated connection between two adjacent ramp members is released, do not completely fall away from one another, but are held together at least via the tensioning element. This also makes it possible to restore the articulated connection between released ramp members by retracting the ramp members into the retracted position, in that a released ramp member is pulled along when retracting due to the action of the tensioning element and automatically comes into hinged engagement with an adjacent ramp member when the ramp members, for example, in a guide rail can be drawn in or stowed compactly in some other way.

In an advantageous embodiment, the tensioning element is offset perpendicular to the joint axes of the ramp members. The tensioning element generally extends on the ramp members along the extension direction, along which the ramp members can be moved for retraction or extension. The joint axes extend transversely to that direction of movement. Because the tensioning element is offset perpendicular to the hinge axes (that is, to the plane spanned by the extension direction and the hinge axes), the tensioning element does not extend along a neutral fiber, but is offset to the neutral fiber. The neutral fiber corresponds to the line along the direction of movement, along which there is no change in length when the ramp members pivot relative to one another. Because the tensioning element does not extend along the neutral fiber, there is a change in length on the tensioning element when the ramp members pivot relative to one another. The tensioning element can be extended to the ramp members in such a way that it counteracts, for example, a geometric change in shape of the ramp surface created by the ramp members in the extended position, i.e. prevents the ramp members from unintentionally rolling up in the extended position.

In particular, the tensioning element can bias the ramp members against one another in such a way that stop surfaces of the ramp members are drawn towards one another due to a pre-tensioning force of the tensioning element and are thus loaded in the direction of contact with one another. This has the effect that, due to the tensioning effect of the tensioning element, the ramp members are held in a defined position to one another, in particular in the extended position, so that a change in shape of the ramp surface formed by the ramp members is not easily possible, at least not without overcoming the tension of the tensioning element.

The tension on the tensioning element can be variable, so that, for example, when retracting, the tension can be reduced in order to facilitate rolling up of the ramp members when moving into a housing and / or into a guide rail arrangement.

One possible advantage is that it counteracts the roll-up of the ramp members in the extended position, especially in comparison to the retracted position (in which the ramp can be accommodated e.g. by means of a guide in a suitable vehicle assembly, in particular a housing). For this purpose, the tensioning element can be guided, e.g. on the lower side of the ramp links (below the neutral fiber), corresponding to an outside of the ramp links when the ramp links are rolled up. In order not to hinder the retraction and the associated rolling up, the tensioning element can be relaxed by a suitably selected geometry of the guide in the ramp members or by active engagement of an actuator.

In a second advantageous embodiment, adjacent ramp members are not connected to one another via a specific hinge with a defined hinge pin, but lie flat against one another via contact surfaces in such a way that the ramp members can be pivoted about (in this case virtual) hinge axes to one another. The flexibility is provided here by appropriate shaping of the contact surfaces, with each ramp member for this purpose, for example a first side can have a concave-shaped first contact surface and on a second side facing away from it a convex-shaped second contact surface. The first contact surfaces of the ramp members are complementary to the second contact surfaces of the ramp members, so that the convexly shaped second contact surface of a ramp member can engage in the associated, complementary, concave first contact surface of an adjacent ramp member and a pivotable connection is provided between the ramp members.

In this case, the ramp members are supported with respect to one another in the extended position via the contact surfaces, which can, for example, form friction surfaces for this purpose, so that there is a friction pairing between the ramp members, due to which there is (adhesive) friction between adjacent ramp members, which supports the ramp members leads to each other. Because there is (significant) friction between adjacent ramp members, when the ramp is extended it is achieved that the ramp members are held in position with respect to one another at least when the ramp surface is subjected to normal loading that does not exceed a maximum load.

Alternatively or additionally, form-fit elements, for example in the form of a toothed section or the like, can also be made available on the contact surfaces, which provide support between the ramp members when the ramp is extended.

In one embodiment, the vehicle access system has a (e.g. flexible and / or elastic) tensioning element that braces the ramp members against one another with a variable force or tension. The support on the contact surfaces of the ramp members or especially the guide elements is adjusted via the clamping element, whereby the (adhesive) friction on the contact surfaces, for example, can be specified by adjusting the clamping force or through the action of the clamping element, form-locking elements on the contact surfaces can be interconnected Can be engaged or disengaged.

The tension on the tensioning element can be variable when the ramp members move, so that, for example, when the ramp members are extended, the tension on the tensioning element and thus between the ramp members is automatically increased. For this purpose, the tensioning element can be designed to be elastic, for example, so that an elastic tension is generated on the tensioning element when the ramp members are extended. Furthermore, the tensioning element, for example implemented by a Bowden cable, can be guided in such a way that, in the extended position, the tensioning element is elongated (e.g. the core of a Bowden cable in relation to the Bowden sheath) and, moreover, an increased tension on the tensioning element is brought about.

Preferably, the tension on the tensioning element can be changed via a tensioning device. This means that the supporting forces acting on the contact surfaces can be changed and adjusted, on the one hand to provide a loadable ramp surface in the extended position of the ramp, and on the other hand to enable a change in the spatial orientation and / or the shape of the ramp surface and to allow the ramp members to pivot with respect to one another when the ramp is retracted, so that the ramp members can be stowed within a vehicle assembly (eg a housing) in a manner that is economical in terms of installation space.

Such a tensioning device can be designed in different ways and acts on the tensioning element in order to predetermine the tensile forces acting on the tensioning element or its bracing. The tensioning element can for example be formed by a rope element, belt element or belt element and can for example extend from a first end link of the ramp through openings in the ramp links or along the outside of the ramp links to another second end link of the ramp, remote from the first end link . By changing the tensioning force on the tensioning element, the pretensioning of the ramp members can be adjusted against each other, so that, on the one hand, sufficient support between the ramp members is achieved in the extended position and, on the other hand, pivotability between the ramp members can be provided, as well as the spatial orientation and / or shape of the extended ramp can be set.

The changeability of the clamping effect enables different operating variants.

For example, a setting request by a user can be recognized by a suitable sensor system on one or more ramp members or also on a further assembly that is independent of the ramp. If a setting request is recognized, the support between the ramp members can be reduced so that a user can change the shape of the ramp surface according to his wishes. Once the change has been made, the support can then be increased again by the action of the clamping device, so that the ramp surface remains in the set shape.

If the ramp is to be retracted, this can be recognized by a suitable, different sensor system so that the support is provided when the ramp is retracted is reduced (or canceled) between the ramp members and the ramp members can be stowed in a flexible manner.

As a "cyclist emergency aspect" it can be provided that a sensor system can detect an impending collision with an approaching object and collapse the ramp so that it no longer represents a substantial obstacle and can be driven over, for example.

The adjustment of the ramp members for specifying the shape of the ramp can also be carried out by means of an actuator by means of a suitable adjustment device which acts, for example, between adjacent ramp members. For example, electric motors can act between adjacent ramp elements, which can adjust the ramp elements with respect to one another by means of an electric motor. Alternatively, a cable can also act between the ramp members, for example, which can be adjusted via a suitable drive device in order to set a shape of the ramp surface, for example a curved shape.

In one embodiment, at least one of the ramp members is guided on a guide rail of the vehicle assembly (housing) in which the ramp is to be stowed in the retracted state. The cohesive arrangement of the ramp members can be moved along the guide rail in order to transfer the ramp members between the retracted position and an extended position. The guide rail is curved, for example, so that the ramp members of the ramp are guided along a curve given by the guide rail when they are retracted and, in the retracted position, are lined up along the curve given by the guide rail. A curve predetermined by the guide rail can be helical, for example, so that the ramp members are held in a compact manner with respect to one another in the retracted position. In the extended state, i.e. in particular outside of a vehicle assembly intended to accommodate the retracted guide rail, the ramp is freely supported by the interaction of contact surfaces (stops) of the ramp members or especially the guide elements, so that no guide rail is required to stabilize the extended ramp, and in particular the ramp members, which are located outside a motor vehicle as intended in the extended state of the ramp, are not supported by a guide rail in this state. The vehicle access system therefore advantageously does not have any guide rail (s) that extend as intended outside of a motor vehicle to support the extended ramp members.

In an advantageous embodiment, the ramp is assigned two guide rails extending parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another transversely to the extension direction, the ramp members being guided, for example, in a first of the guide rails in the region of a first end and in a second of the guide rails in the region of a second end. The guide rails thus guide the ramp members between them and support the ramp members.

Regardless of the design and construction of the ramp, the ramp preferably has a drive device with a motor and a drive element that is operatively connected to the ramp members. The drive device serves to move the ramp members along the direction of movement and thus between the retracted position and the (fully) extended position. The ramp can thus be adjusted by an electric motor.

Different configurations of such a drive device are conceivable and possible.

In one embodiment, the drive device can interact with toothed sections in the form of toothed racks on the ramp members, for example via a drive element in the form of a toothed wheel. By acting on the toothed sections, the ramp members can thus be moved along the direction of movement between the retracted position and an extended position. The toothed sections of the ramp members are lined up with one another and together form a toothed rack which extends along the direction of movement and on which the drive device acts.

The positive engagement of the drive device in the toothed rack formed by the toothed sections of the ramp members also provides support for the ramp members in the extended position. In particular, the ramp members are held in their position by the positive engagement of the drive device with the rack formed by the ramp members.

Other drives are also possible, for example a drive in the form of a cable drive using, for example, a Bowden cable or a revolving cable, as in the case of a cable-driven window lifter. It is also conceivable to use push rods to adjust the arrangement.

In a further embodiment, an extension section can be arranged on at least one ramp member, which extends to the at least one Ramp member is adjustable to expand the ramp surface along a longitudinally extending direction along the ramp member. Such an extension section can be arranged displaceably on the assigned ramp member, for example accommodated in an opening provided longitudinally in the ramp member. Alternatively, such an expansion section can also be connected in an articulated manner to the ramp member in order to be transferred from an initial position to an expanded position by pivoting (by 180 °).

By providing such extension sections on the ramp members, the ramp surface can be enlarged laterally, that is, transversely to the direction of extension of the ramp members, in order to avoid driving over the edge. The adjustment of the extension sections can be done manually on the one hand. Alternatively, a suitable drive device can also be provided, which is used to adjust the extension sections, for example when an extended position is reached.

According to a further aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently of the arrangement of a tensioning device on the ramp, the vehicle access system comprises a sensor arrangement by means of which the surroundings of the vehicle access system can be detected in order to determine the position of a point or a touchdown area, whereupon the extended Ramp can be placed outside the motor vehicle so that access to the vehicle interior is created via the ramp. For this purpose, the sensor arrangement can be arranged, for example, on the ramp, in particular on an end member of the ramp, but alternatively also on other parts of the motor vehicle (in the vicinity of the access opening which can be reached via the ramp).

Furthermore, the vehicle access system can have a control unit, e.g. containing a microprocessor, which is connected to the sensor arrangement in such a way that the output signals of the sensor arrangement are transmitted to the control unit, the control unit processing the received output signals, e.g. to use a drive device assigned to the ramp and / or to control a clamping device assigned to the ramp.

Thus, by means of the sensor arrangement, the distance of a suitable touch-down area (from the vehicle or from the access opening) and the (vertical) height of the touch-down area (e.g. in relation to the access opening) can be determined, so that the control unit, the drive device and / or to control the clamping device of the ramp in such a way that the ramp is placed at a defined distance and with a defined angle of attack on the intended contact area, such as a curb.

1. a) auf der Grundlage der verarbeiteten Ausgangssignale eine Antriebseinrichtung der Rampe in Abhängigkeit von den Ausgangssignalen gesteuert wird, so dass die Rampe wahlweise ausgefahren oder eingefahren wird, und /oder
2. b) auf der Grundlage der verarbeiteten Ausgangssignale eine Spannvorrichtung betrieben wird, mittels der eine entlang der Ausfahrrichtung der Rampe auf die Rampenglieder wirkende Spannung erzeugbar und einstellbar ist,

insbesondere um die Rampe (mit ihrem fahrzeugabgewandten Ende) gezielt auf den Aufsetzbereich aufsetzen zu können.For the purposes mentioned, a computer program product can be provided which can be stored on a non-volatile, computer-readable medium and which contains commands (instructions) which, when executed, cause at least one processor (a control unit) to process output signals from a sensor arrangement of the vehicle access system, whereby the surroundings of the vehicle access system are detected by means of the sensor arrangement in order to determine the (three-dimensional) position of a touchdown area on which the ramp of the vehicle access system formed by extendable and retractable ramp members is placed so that there is access to the vehicle interior via the ramp, and where furthermore, by means of at least one control unit,

1. a) on the basis of the processed output signals, a drive device for the ramp is controlled as a function of the output signals, so that the ramp is either extended or retracted, and / or
2. b) a clamping device is operated on the basis of the processed output signals, by means of which a voltage acting on the ramp members along the extension direction of the ramp can be generated and adjusted,

in particular to be able to place the ramp (with its end facing away from the vehicle) in a targeted manner on the touchdown area.

In a further development, a light element for generating a glow is arranged on at least one ramp member. The light element can be implemented, for example, by a light-emitting diode. Such a light element can represent a point light source on an assigned ramp element or it can also be arranged as a light band on the ramp element.

On the one hand, the light element can serve to provide lighting on the ramp. Additionally or alternatively, such a light element can also provide feedback to a user. Here, light elements on the ramp members can be operatively connected, for example, to a control device which is designed to control the light elements depending on the position of the ramp and / or depending on the lighting conditions in the vicinity of the motor vehicle.

For example, the light elements, controlled by the control device, can be switched on or off depending on the position of the ramp and / or the time of day. For example, the light elements can only be reached when they are reached in the fully extended position and / or switched on in the dark. Additionally or alternatively, for example, a light color of the generated light from the light elements can be changed as a function of activation by the control device.

For example, a non-slip surface design can be provided on one or more ramp members. Such a slip-resistant design can be implemented, for example, by a coating of a rubber material or the like on the ramp members.

In one embodiment, individual ramp members can be interchangeable, which makes it possible, for example, to design the ramp individually.

A ramp of the type specified here (with corresponding ramp members) can generally provide an extendable and retractable surface protruding from a motor vehicle, for example for use as an extendable and retractable canopy for a motor vehicle, in particular above an access opening to the motor vehicle.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures.

• 1 ein Fahrzeugzugangssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Fahrzeugöffnung zum Fahrzeuginnenraum des Kraftfahrzeugs, die über eine ein- und ausfahrbare Rampe barrierefrei erreichbar ist;
• 1A eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Rampe für ein Fahrzeugzugangssystems gemäß 1 in einer eingefahrenen Stellung;
• 1B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 1A;
• 1C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 1A und 1B;
• 1D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 1A und 1B;
• 2 das Fahrzeugzugangssystem aus 1 mit teilweise ausgefahrener Rampe;
• 2A die Rampe aus 1A in teilweise ausgefahrener Stellung;
• 2B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 2A;
• 2C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 2A und 2B;
• 2D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 2A und 2B;
• 3 das Fahrzeugzugangssystem aus 1 mit vollständig ausgefahrener Rampe;
• 3A die Rampe aus den 1A und 1B in ausgefahrener Stellung;
• 3B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 3A;
• 3C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 3A und 3B;
• 3D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 3A und 3B;
• 4 ein Detail einer Rampe, gezeigt mit der Auswirkung eines Überlastzustandes;
• 5A die Rampe aus 3A in einem Überlastzustand;
• 5B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 5A;
• 5C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 5A und 5B;
• 5D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 5A und 5B;
• 6A die Rampe aus 2A in einem Überlastzustand;
• 6B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 6A;
• 6C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 6A und 6B;
• 6D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 6A und 6B;
• 7A die Rampe aus 1A in einem Überlastzustand;
• 7B eine Seitenansicht der Rampe aus 7A;
• 7C einen Querschnitt durch die Rampe aus den 7A und 7B;
• 7D einen Längsschnitt durch einen Endabschnitt der Rampe aus den 7A und 7B;
• 8 ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Fahrzeugzugangssystem.

Show it:

• 1 a vehicle access system for a motor vehicle with a vehicle opening to the vehicle interior of the motor vehicle, which can be reached without barriers via an extendable and retractable ramp;
• 1A a perspective view of a ramp for a vehicle access system according to FIG 1 in a retracted position;
• 1B a side view of the ramp 1A ;
• 1C a cross section through the ramp from the 1A and 1B ;
• 1D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 1A and 1B ;
• 2 the vehicle access system 1 with partially extended ramp;
• 2A off the ramp 1A in partially extended position;
• 2 B a side view of the ramp 2A ;
• 2C a cross section through the ramp from the 2A and 2 B ;
• 2D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 2A and 2 B ;
• 3 the vehicle access system 1 with ramp fully extended;
• 3A the ramp from the 1A and 1B in the extended position;
• 3B a side view of the ramp 3A ;
• 3C a cross section through the ramp from the 3A and 3B ;
• 3D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 3A and 3B ;
• 4th a detail of a ramp shown affecting an overload condition;
• 5A off the ramp 3A in an overload condition;
• 5B a side view of the ramp 5A ;
• 5C a cross section through the ramp from the 5A and 5B ;
• 5D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 5A and 5B ;
• 6A off the ramp 2A in an overload condition;
• 6B a side view of the ramp 6A ;
• 6C a cross section through the ramp from the 6A and 6B ;
• 6D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 6A and 6B ;
• 7A off the ramp 1A in an overload condition;
• 7B a side view of the ramp 7A ;
• 7C a cross section through the ramp from the 7A and 7B ;
• 7D a longitudinal section through an end portion of the ramp from the 7A and 7B ;
• 8th a motor vehicle with a vehicle access system.

In 8th is a motor vehicle K illustrated, from which - adjacent to curbs B. - one through a door arrangement T locked access opening (door opening O ) through which access to the interior of the vehicle is made possible, e.g. for a vehicle G , which can be a wheelchair, a stroller or the like.

To enable barrier-free access to the motor vehicle K In particular, a ramp can be used, of which the following, based on the 1 until 7D , an embodiment with regard to structure and function will be described in more detail.

the 1A until 1D , 2A until 2D and 3A until 3D show an embodiment of a ramp 1 that an access opening O of a motor vehicle K , cf. 8th , can be assigned, namely in a retracted position of the ramp ( 1A until 1D ), a partially extended position of the same ( 2A until 2D ) and a fully extended position ( 3A until 3D ), between which positions the ramp 1 is adjustable.

The ramp 1 has a plurality along an extension direction A of the ramp 1 (see. 2 ) one behind the other, hingedly connected to one another and longitudinally extending transversely to the extension direction A ramp members (lamellar elements 10 ), each at at least one lateral end, in particular at its two lateral ends, with a guide element 11th are provided over the adjacent ramp links 10 through joints 110 are connected to each other. A respective guide element 11th can be an integral part of a ramp link 10 or be connected to it as a separate component.

In the fully extended position ( 3A until 3D ) shows the arrangement of the ramp links 10 as a ramp 1 from the vehicle body or, more precisely, the access opening O outwards without the ramp links 10 outside the vehicle K are guided over a guide rail or the like, see also 3 . Rather, the ramp members form 10 (solely) due to a support on each other, a ramp surface, which serves as a driveway to an access opening O of the motor vehicle K , for example for a vehicle G , as in 3 shown, can serve.

The ramp links 10 are - with the exception of end links 12th , 120 - constructed identically. They point to their guide elements 11th a first joint element each 113 in the form of a hinge pin and, on a side facing away, a second hinge element 114 in the form of a joint shell. Each guiding element 11th can via the first joint element 113 with a second hinge element 114 a guide element 11th a ramp member adjacent to this 10 and via the second joint element 114 with a first joint element 113 an adjacent ramp member arranged on the other side 10 be articulated so that a chain of guide elements 11th which is the ramp links 10 about the resulting joints 110 (each comprising a first and a second joint element 113 , 114 ) articulated to each other.

The connection between adjacent guide elements 11th can be released in that the first joint element 113 from the second joint element 114 of the associated, neighboring guide element 11th can be solved as in 4th as well as the 5A until 5D illustrated with a hint of a point of discontinuity U resulting therefrom. The second joint element 114 in the form of the joint shell is sufficiently elastic for this purpose, so that a release of the joint 110 can take place reversibly and the articulated connection can in particular also be restored, as further below with reference to FIG 5A until 5D , 6A until 6D and 7A until 7D will be described in more detail.

The restoration of the connection between the ramp links 10 can in particular automatically when the ramp is retracted 1 respectively. A guide in or on the vehicle assembly, in or on which the ramp 1 is retracted, for example into a housing, provide defined stop points for the recovery function.

The releasability of the joint 110 reduces the risk of breakage if the ramp is excessively loaded 1 or in the event of improper handling. Excessive loading of the ramp occurs 1 on, so the connection between two adjacent ramp links can be 10 loosen without breaking the joints 110 comes.

Along the guide elements 11th , for example through openings in the guide elements 11th a tensioning element extends therethrough 151 , for example in the form of an elastic or flexible traction means (such as a rubber band or a traction rope), which the arrangement of the ramp members 10 holds together, even if the connection between two adjacent ramp links 10 , as described above, has solved. The clamping element 151 can be between a first vehicle-side end member 12th the ramp 1 and a second, with the ramp extended 1 the motor vehicle K remote second end link 120 extend, for example through all the guide elements lined up together 11th through to the chain of guide elements 11th , and with it the ramp links 10 , (elastic or flexible) to connect with each other. This not only secures the ramp 1 after a possible loosening of a joint 110 between adjacent ramp links 10 or guide elements 11th , but also enables a defined positioning of the ramp 1 how to use the 3 and 3A until 3D will be explained in more detail.

In the retracted position of the ramp 1 as in the 1A until 1D shown is the Arrangement of the ramp links 10 (snail-like) compact by the ramp links 10 form several curved areas at which the ramp links 10 or guide elements 11th are pivoted to each other. This allows the ramp 1 In the retracted state, it saves space in the motor vehicle K stow away, e.g. in a housing there.

When the ramp is extended 1 , for example through a (closable) slot S in the vehicle body, cf. 1 and 2 , become the ramp links 10 together with the guide elements 11th how this is based on the transition from the 1 A until 1D about the 2A until 2D towards the 3A until 3D can be seen along the extension direction A of the motor vehicle K or the vehicle opening O moved outwards, cf. 2 and 3 so that the ramp links 10 - in the extended position - free of the vehicle opening O to the outside, away from the motor vehicle K , extend. In the extended position, as shown in the 2 B , 2C and 3B , 3C recognizable, first stop surfaces 112 adjacent guide elements 11th (above the joints 110 ) in contact with each other so that the guide elements 11th and thus the adjacent, associated ramp members 10 are supported against each other. In the extended position, because of that support, the ramp becomes a loadable ramp surface 1 created.

When entering the ramp 1 can use the guide elements 11th , as based on the transition from the 3B , 3C about the 2 B , 2C to the 1B , 1C becomes clear by removing the first stop surfaces 112 be pivoted from each other to each other, whereby in the when the ramp is retracted 1 curved ramp sections other (below the joints 110 arranged), second stop surfaces 116 adjacent guide elements 11th are approached to each other and thus, with maximally pivoted guide elements 11th , again a defined support between adjacent guide elements 11th consists. This enables the ramp to be stowed in a space-saving manner 1 inside the motor vehicle K , with ramp members pivoted to one another in sections 10 (as well as the associated guide elements 11th ).

Adjusting the ramp 1 between a retracted position and an extended position takes place in the exemplary embodiment via a drive device 14th , with a shaft driven, for example, by a motor 140 which in turn is a drive element 141 , e.g. in the form of a gear, drives. The drive element 141 is in operative connection with toothed sections 117 of the guide elements 11th which can be arranged (attached or molded) on the underside of these, for example, so that by rotating the drive element 141 and by acting on the toothed sections 117 on the guide elements 11th the ramp 1 can be adjusted along the extension direction A, on the one hand - to extend the ramp 1 to the outside, away from the motor vehicle K - in the direction of the arrow, which represents the direction of exit A and, on the other hand, - to retract the ramp 1 in the motor vehicle K in - against the arrow that represents the direction of exit A.

The drive device 14th causes the ramp links to be adjusted 10 by engaging the toothed sections lined up next to one another 117 of the guide elements 11th the ramp links 10 . This can be done on both sides of the ramp links 10 (at a distance from each other transversely to the direction of extension A) one drive device each 14th be provided in corresponding toothed sections 117 of guide elements 11th the ramp links 10 engages, these drive devices 14th for example can be electronically synchronized with one another. Alternatively, a common drive device 14th be provided, each with a drive element 141 in toothed sections lined up next to one another 117 of the guide elements 11th on both sides of the ramp links 10 engages, with an electric motor of the drive device 14th for example via flexible shafts with the drive elements 141 can be coupled in the form of the gears.

The drive device 14th serves on the one hand, as described, to adjust the ramp links 10 when moving between a retracted position and an extended position of the ramp 1 . On the other hand, the drive device stops 14th due to the positive engagement of the drive element 141 into the toothed sections that are lined up with one another 117 formed toothing (rack) the ramp links 10 in the extended position in position and thus supports it on the one hand against unintentional retraction and also, if necessary, against a downward load.

By extending the ramp links 10 the first (upper) stop surfaces arrive 112 on the guide rails 11th under the action of gravity and due to the action of the tensioning element 151 automatically in contact with one another, so that an at least partially flat ramp surface of the ramp 1 (please refer 3 and 3A until 3C ) is created, for example for a vehicle G , as barrier-free access to a motor vehicle or an associated access opening O can serve to the vehicle interior. Also the pivoting of the ramp links 10 when retracting takes place automatically, for example by pushing in the guide elements 11th into one provided for inclusion Vehicle assembly, for example comprising a housing and / or associated guide rails (not shown).

The actuation of the drive device 14th can for example take place via a suitable, user-operated control device. As an alternative to the external force-operated (motorized) adjustability of the ramp described above 1 In a cost-effective variant, the ramp can also be adjusted manually 1 without the drive device 14th , be provided.

As already indicated above, the ramp members are 10 via at least one clamping element 151 a jig 15th , for example in the form of an elastic and / or flexible traction means, held together and connected to one another. Adjacent ramp links 10 can here, for example outside of the guide elements 11th , abut one another via contact surfaces, with each ramp member, for example 10 has a first, concavely curved contact surface and a second, convexly curved contact surface, which are spaced from one another along the extension direction A and which each have a complementary (convex or concavely curved) contact surface of an adjacent ramp member 10 are in the plant. The first contact surface of a ramp link 10 is located here with an assigned, second contact surface of an adjacent ramp member 10 in contact, while the second contact surface with an assigned first contact surface of the ramp member adjacent in the other direction 10 is located in the plant. Due to the flat contact of the curved contact surfaces of adjacent ramp links 10 the ramp links are together 10 (together with the associated guide elements) mounted pivotably with respect to one another and movable with respect to one another about (virtual) hinge axes.

The pivoting arrangement of the ramp links 10 on the one hand enables the ramp members to be stowed away in a space-saving manner 10 in the retracted position, as in the 1A until 1C shown. In addition, the ramp links 10 in the extended position, especially when using the clamping device 15th , are positioned in different ways to one another in order to create an orientation and / or shape of the ramp surface desired by a user.

The jig 15th serves to create a preload between the ramp members 10 to adjust. A respective clamping element 151 , for example in the form of a pull rope, extends for this purpose starting from a receptacle 150 in an end link 120 the ramp 1 through the ramp links 10 through to the other end link 12th the ramp 1 where the clamping element 151 , for example by means of one on the clamping element 151 attached mounting nipple 158 , is fixed.

Specifically, is by means of the jig 15th the one on the clamping element 151 acting and via this in the ramp links 10 introduced tension adjustable, for which the clamping device 15th in the illustrated embodiment a spindle nut 155 having, with one of a drive motor 153 driven spindle 154 is longitudinally adjustable in engagement, and on which the clamping element 151 , for example by means of one on the clamping element 151 attached mounting nipple 156 , is stored, the fastening nipple in particular releasably on the spindle nut 155 can be supported. By turning the spindle 154 by means of the drive motor 153 becomes a longitudinal movement of the spindle nut 155 triggered when the fastening nipple 156 is taken. This allows the tension on the clamping element 151 at the other end by means of another fastening nipple 158 on the other end link 12th is fixed, adjust it variably.

Between the spindle nut 155 and a wall of reception 150 a spring element supported on the two named components acts here 152 which becomes important, for example, in connection with the “recovery function” described below.

For tensioning the ramp links 10 with each other, via the jig 15th , especially about the drive motor 153 and the clamping element actuated by this 151 , the ramp links 10 alternately pressed into contact with each other. Via the contact surfaces of the ramp links 10 , which can be designed, for example, as friction surfaces for setting a friction pairing, there is thus sufficient friction (static friction) between the ramp members 10 so that they are held in position to each other and the ramp 1 thus a resilient ramp area, for example for a vehicle G , forms.

When entering the ramp 1 becomes the one on the clamping element 151 acting voltage by means of the drive motor 153 reduced, so that the contact pressure between adjacent ramp links 10 reduced and thus also the supporting effect between adjacent ramp members 10 decreases. The ramp links 10 can thus be retracted and, for example, stowed inside the motor vehicle K , in particular in a housing there.

The variable adjustability of the tension on the clamping element 151 and thus the supporting effect between the ramp members 10 enables a variable spatial alignment and / or shape of the ramp 1 . So by reducing the tension on the clamping element 151 a (regarding the vehicle opening O ) inclined course of the ramp 1 be effected to this, e.g. with her second End link 120 , aimed at from the vehicle opening O spaced curbs B. to be able to settle, as in the 3 and 3A until 3C shown. This process can also be carried out by one on the second end link 120 intended slope 121 get supported.

Around the ramp 1 Position it in a targeted manner when driving out and, for example, on curbs B. to be able to put on, can on a ramp link 10 or on several ramp links 10 , especially on the second end link 120 the ramp 1 , a suitable sensor system 2 be provided for detecting the surroundings via a sensor field F, for example in the form of an optical sensor, a capacitive proximity sensor or touch sensor. With this, as with the 1 and 2 the area around the ramp becomes clear 1 when extending the same and on this basis a sensor signal (as the output signal of the sensor system 2 ) generate that of a control unit E of the motor vehicle K as in the 1 and 2 indicated schematically, fed and evaluated there to the drive device 14th the ramp 1 and / or the jig 15th the ramp 1 to be controlled accordingly.

A sensor system that monitors the surroundings of the motor vehicle K or the access opening O detected, can also outside of the ramp links 10 be arranged, for example on the vehicle body, in particular in the vicinity of the access opening O and / or the slot S.

A change in the voltage between the ramp members 10 can also be used to bring the ramp surface into a certain desired shape, especially when there is a reduced voltage on the ramp members 10 .

Will, after loosening a joint 110 between two adjacent ramp links 10 , for example due to an overload, as described above, the arrangement of the ramp members 10 against the direction of extension A into the vehicle K retracted, as based on the transition from the 5A until 5D about the 6A until 6D to the 7A until 7D illustrated, so when retracting due to the pulling effect on the tensioning element 151 and by inserting the guide elements 11th one in a receptacle provided for this purpose for the ramp 1 , for example in assigned guide rails or in a housing, the first joint element 113 at the point of discontinuity U resulting from the overload, it automatically engages the second joint element again 114 of the assigned, released guide element 11th snap so that the articulated connection is automatically re-established.

When a point of discontinuity U is formed in the ramp resulting from overload 1 , in particular by interrupting the articulation 113 , 114 between adjacent ramp links 10 , the mounting nipple leads 156 in the (second) end link 120 the ramp 1 a compensating movement in which the fastening nipple 156 with the spindle nut 155 disengages and (via the spring element 152 ) elsewhere within the recording 150 based on the transition from the 5A until 5D about the 6A until 6D towards the 7A until 7D becomes clear. When the articulation is restored, as described above, the fastening nipple occurs 156 again with the spindle nut 155 engaged, as in the 1C , 1D ; 2C , 2D and 3C , 3D shown.

As an alternative to the adjustment (extension and retraction) of the ramp described here 1 by a drive device (operated by an electric motor) 14th , using a drive element 141 in the form of a gear with toothed sections 117 on the side of the ramp links 10 is engaged, other drives, for example in the form of cable drives (as is common with window regulators), can also be used for this purpose.

Instead of contact surfaces in the form of friction surfaces between the ramp members 10 or optionally also in addition to this, between the ramp members 10 Positive locking elements, for example in the form of toothed sections, can be provided which support the ramp members 10 cause each other and can be brought out of engagement by the tension between the ramp members 10 using a suitable clamping device 15th is adjusted.

In a further development, an adjusting device can also be used for adjusting the position of the ramp members by means of an actuator 10 be provided to each other.

According to another development, one or more ramp members are on 10 Light elements 16 arranged to create a glow, for example in the dark, on the ramp 1 and / or serve in their vicinity. Such light elements 16 can, for example, the top and / or bottom of the ramp members 10 be arranged on the ramp surface.

The light elements 16 can be realized by light emitting diodes or the like. They can form point-like light emitters or also be designed as light strips that are longitudinal or transverse to the ramp members 10 get lost.

The light elements 16 can be connected to a control device that is used to control the light elements to generate a glow. The control device can control the light elements, for example (by interacting with a light sensor) as a function of the lighting conditions in the surroundings and / or as a function of the state of the ramp 1 so that the light elements 16 For example, they are automatically switched on (energized) when an extended position is reached or in the dark.

About the light elements 16 feedback can also or alternatively be given to a user.

1. 1. Die Drehbarkeit der Rampenglieder zueinander ist durch unterschiedliche Gelenkarten realisierbar, z.B.
   1. a) „fest“, irreversibel (z.B. durch einen Bolzen, der bis auf die Drehung alle anderen Bewegungen sperrt);
   2. b) „fest“, reversibel (z.B. Schnapphaken-ähnliches Gelenk, das eine reversible Trennung erlaubt, wie vorstehend beschrieben);
   3. c) konkave/konvexe Kanten, also Rundungen der Rampenglieder selbst, die „frei“ aufeinander gleiten/reiben, wie vorstehend beschrieben.
2. 2. Das Ein- und Ausfahren der Rampe bezüglich eines Gehäuses ist unter Verwendung von Verzahnungsabschnitten an den Rampengliedern realisierbar, die sich an der Oberseite, der Unterseite, der Außenseite oder der Innenseite eines jeweiligen Rampengliedes befinden.
3. 3. Mögliche Ausformungen der Rampe auf Grundlage hintereinander angeordneter Rampenglieder umfassen:
   1. a) Die Bildung einer ebenen Fläche durch die Rampenglieder, die über Drehgelenke miteinander verbunden sind, welche z.B. über Zylinderstifte realisiert werden. Die Anschlagsflächen der Glieder aneinander geben die maximalen Drehwinkel vor. So kann den Rampengliedern das Aufrollen in die eine und das Blockieren samt ebener Flächenausbildung in die andere Drehrichtung ermöglicht werden, wie vorstehend beschrieben.
   2. b) Zusätzliche Ausgestaltungen sind möglich, ausgehend von a), wobei die Anschlagsflächen einiger Rampenglieder eine größere Bewegungsfreiheit bieten, die im Zusammenspiel mit einem weiteren Zugmittel (mit unterschiedlichen Angriffspunkten in der Baugruppe) und ggf. weiteren Spannvorrichtungen zusätzliche Formen der Rampe realisieren. Zum Beispiel ließe sich somit eine LKW-Laderampe realisieren, bei der die Rampe durch eine Stufe horizontal auf Bodenniveau liegt, die Ladung aufnimmt und anschließend auf Fahrzeugniveau angehoben wird.
   3. c) Weitere komplexe Gebilde lassen sich realisieren, z.B. durch Einsatz der konkaven/konvexen Kanten der Rampenglieder als Drehgelenke, wodurch praktisch keine begrenzenden Anschlagsflächen wirken, weshalb die Rampenglieder frei zueinander angeordnet werden könnten - lediglich durch das durchquerende Spann- bzw. Zugelement zusammengehalten und gegeneinander verspannt.
4. 4. Steuerung der Ausformung der Rampe durch mindestens ein Zugelement bzw. Zugelemente, die die Rampenglieder der Breite nach durchqueren, wie vorstehend beschrieben. Je nachdem, ob sich die dafür vorgesehenen Durchgänge ober- oder unterhalb der Drehpunkte der Rampenglieder befinden, werden die Rampenglieder durch das Zugelement zu der einen oder anderen Seite gebeugt.
   1. a) Anordnung oberhalb des Drehpunkts: In Kombination mit Anschlagsflächen zwingen Zugelemente die Rampenglieder z.B. zur Streckung und damit Flächenausbildung (Bildung einer Rampenfläche). Hierbei kann die Gewichts- und Traglast der Rampe im ausgefahrenen Zustand über die Anschlagsflächen und Drehgelenke der Rampenglieder abgeführt werden. Die Zugelemente bezwecken dabei vor allem die Ausrichtung der Rampenglieder zu einer Platte (selbst ohne Führungsschienen).
   2. b) Nutzung komplexer Führung: In einer weiteren Version kann über weitere Zugelemente, die gegenüberliegend (bezüglich des Drehpunktes bzw. des Gelenkes) der bestehenden Zugmittel hinzugefügt werden, ein Kräftegleichgewicht in der Ausrichtung der Rampenglieder zueinander herbeigeführt werden. Dies wäre praktisch, um vor der Endlage der Rampe (durch die Anschlagsflächen) noch weitere Positionen frei anfahren zu können, z.B. zunächst eine gerade Rampe und anschließend eine Hebebühnenartige Rampe.
5. 5. Die Aktuierung (Betätigung) eines Spannelementes bzw. Zugmittels kann z.B. durch einen Elektromotor und/oder durch mindestens eine Feder erfolgen.
6. 6. Die Mittel zur Betätigung des Spannelementes bzw. Zugmittels können in einem Endglied der Rampe, wie vorstehend beschrieben, oder auch im Gehäuse, in dem die eingefahrene Rampe verstaut wird, angeordnet sein.
7. 7. Die Wiederherstellungsfunktion der Rampe, nach Entstehung einer Unterbrechung U, wie oben beschrieben, kann realisiert werden durch:
   1. a) feste, reversible Drehgelenke, wie vorstehend beschrieben: Hierfür werden die drehbaren Gelenke zwischen den Rampengliedern zumindest teilweise elastisch gestaltet, sodass sie vergleichbar zu einem Schnappmechanismus reversibel getrennt werden können. Bei einem Bruch sind die Rampenglieder weiterhin über das Spann- bzw. Zugelement miteinander verbunden. Eine zugehörige Feder kann dabei genügend Weg (für eine Ausgleichsbewegung) freigeben, sodass das Spann- bzw. Zugelement nicht reißt und die Rampenglieder aneinander gehalten werden. Für die automatisierte Wiederherstellung werden zunächst störungsfrei zusammenhängende Rampenglieder in das Gehäuse eingefahren und etwaige „Bruchstücke“ (defekte Rampenglieder, mit Unterbrechung U) über das Zugelement nachgezogen. Ein Zahnrad greift schließlich auch in die Zahnstangengeometrie der „Bruchstücke“ ein und schiebt diese weiter in das Gehäuse. In dem Gehäuse treffen die Rampenglieder schließlich auf einen Anschlag, gegen den drückend die unterbrochenen Gelenkelemente wieder zusammengeführt werden.
   2. b) unter Nutzung der oben erläuterten konkaven/konvexen Kanten der Rampenglieder: Dadurch, dass die Form der Rampe hierbei über die Verspannung der Rampenglieder zueinander gehalten wird, kann eine Überlast keinen dauerhaften Schaden verrichten. Die Rampe müsste lediglich eingefahren und wieder ausgefahren werden und nähme wieder ihre Ausgangsform ein.
8. 8. Nutzungen nach Art eines Transportbandes:
   1. a) durch Tragrollen in den Rampengliedern: An den Längsenden der Rampenglieder sind (gleich große) Zahnräder in jedem Drehgelenk und (der Breite nach) mittig in jedem Rampenglied angebracht, wobei jedes zweite Zahnrad (mit derselben Drehrichtung) über die Länge der Rampenglieder mittels einer (gummierten) Tragrolle fixiert ist.
   2. b) Ausgangspunkt wie a); jedoch sind immer zwei gleichdrehende, nahliegende Rollen mit einem Transportband überzogen.
   3. c) Ausgangspunkt wie a); jedoch sind alle gleichdrehenden Rollen mit einem Transportband überzogen. Eine Umlenkung des Transportbandes muss durch einen Teil des Gehäuses mit unterstützt werden.
   4. d) In allen genannten Szenarien kann das Profil des Transportbandes/der Tragrollen derart angepasst sein, dass Rollstühle, Rollatoren, Kinderwagen etc. mit passenden Laufrollen mitgezogen werden könnten (vergleichbar mit einem Einkaufswagen im Supermarkt). In diesem Fall wäre ein Feststellen der Laufrollen der Gefährte („Bremse anziehen“) nicht nötig.
   5. e) Durch eine Variation der Zahnradübersetzung längs der Rampe wäre es denkbar, unterschiedliche Transportbandgeschwindigkeiten und Transportkräfte zu realisieren.
9. 9. Eine Seitenbegrenzung senkt das Risiko, mit einem Rollstuhl, Kinderwagen o. ä. über den seitlichen Rand der Rampe zu fahren. Dafür können die Rampenglieder an beiden seitlichen Enden mit Ausschnitten versehen werden, in denen passende Blöcke drehbar gelagert und federrückgestellt verstaut werden. Beim Ausfahren der Rampe würden die Blöcke von der Innenseite aus nach oben bzw. außen schwenken, bis sie auf einen Anschlag am Rampenglied treffen. Beim Einfahren werden sie durch eine Fase am Gehäuse wieder in ihre Ausgangsposition gezwungen.
10. 10. Begrenzungsleuchten können die Sicherheit beim Einsatz in schwierigen Lichtverhältnissen erhöhen.

The modifications and developments of the exemplary embodiments described above can also be implemented.

1. 1. The rotatability of the ramp members to one another can be achieved by different types of joints, for example
   1. a) "fixed", irreversible (eg by a bolt that blocks all other movements except for rotation);
   2. b) “fixed”, reversible (eg snap-hook-like joint that allows reversible separation, as described above);
   3. c) concave / convex edges, ie curves of the ramp links themselves, which slide / rub “freely” on each other, as described above.
2. 2. The extension and retraction of the ramp with respect to a housing can be implemented using toothed sections on the ramp members, which are located on the top, bottom, outside or inside of a respective ramp member.
3. 3. Possible configurations of the ramp based on ramp elements arranged one behind the other include:
   1. a) The formation of a flat surface through the ramp members, which are connected to one another via swivel joints, which are implemented, for example, via cylindrical pins. The contact surfaces of the links on each other determine the maximum angle of rotation. In this way, the ramp members can be enabled to roll up in one direction of rotation and to block, including a flat surface formation, in the other direction of rotation, as described above.
   2. b) Additional configurations are possible, starting from a), whereby the stop surfaces of some ramp members offer greater freedom of movement, which in interaction with another traction device (with different points of application in the assembly) and possibly other clamping devices realize additional forms of the ramp. For example, a truck loading ramp could be implemented in which the ramp is horizontally at floor level through a step, takes the load and is then raised to vehicle level.
   3. c) Further complex structures can be realized, e.g. by using the concave / convex edges of the ramp members as swivel joints, which means that there are practically no limiting stop surfaces, which is why the ramp members can be freely arranged relative to one another - only held together and against one another by the transverse tensioning or tension element tense.
4. 4. Control of the shape of the ramp by at least one tension element or tension elements that traverse the ramp members widthwise, as described above. Depending on whether the passages provided for this purpose are located above or below the pivot points of the ramp members, the ramp members are bent to one side or the other by the tension element.
   1. a) Arrangement above the pivot point: In combination with stop surfaces, tension elements force the ramp links to stretch, for example, and thus to form a surface (formation of a ramp surface). Here, the weight and load of the ramp in the extended state can be dissipated via the stop surfaces and swivel joints of the ramp links. The main purpose of the tension elements is to align the ramp links with a plate (even without guide rails).
   2. b) Use of complex guidance: In a further version, a balance of forces can be brought about in the alignment of the ramp links to one another via additional tension elements, which are added opposite (with respect to the pivot point or the joint) of the existing tension means. This would be practical in order to be able to move freely to further positions before the end position of the ramp (through the stop surfaces), eg first a straight ramp and then a ramp like a lifting platform.
5. 5. The actuation (actuation) of a tensioning element or traction device can take place, for example, by an electric motor and / or by at least one spring.
6. 6. The means for actuating the tensioning element or traction means can be arranged in an end member of the ramp, as described above, or in the housing in which the retracted ramp is stowed.
7. 7. The recovery function of the ramp after an interruption U has occurred, as described above, can be implemented by:
   1. a) Fixed, reversible swivel joints, as described above: For this purpose, the rotatable joints between the ramp members are designed to be at least partially elastic, so that they can be reversibly separated, comparable to a snap mechanism. In the event of a break, the ramp links are still connected to one another via the tensioning or tensioning element. An associated spring can release enough travel (for a compensating movement) so that the tensioning or tensioning element does not tear and the ramp members are held together. For the automated restoration, initially connected ramp links are inserted into the housing and any “fragments” (defective ramp links, with interruption U) are pulled over the tension element. A gear finally engages in the rack geometry of the “fragments” and pushes them further into the housing. In the housing, the ramp members finally meet a stop, against which the interrupted joint elements are brought together again by pressing.
   2. b) using the concave / convex edges of the ramp members explained above: Because the shape of the ramp is held in relation to one another via the tensioning of the ramp members, an overload cannot cause permanent damage. The ramp would only have to be retracted and extended again and would take its original shape again.
8. 8. Uses like a conveyor belt:
   1. a) by means of support rollers in the ramp members: At the longitudinal ends of the ramp members there are gears (of the same size) in each swivel joint and (in terms of width) in the middle of each ramp member, with every second gearwheel (with the same direction of rotation) over the length of the ramp members by means of a (rubberized) roller is fixed.
   2. b) starting point as in a); however, two co-rotating, adjacent rollers are always covered with a conveyor belt.
   3. c) starting point as in a); however, all co-rotating rollers are covered with a conveyor belt. A deflection of the conveyor belt must be supported by a part of the housing.
   4. d) In all of the scenarios mentioned, the profile of the conveyor belt / support rollers can be adapted in such a way that wheelchairs, walkers, prams, etc. can be pulled along with suitable rollers (comparable to a shopping cart in a supermarket). In this case, it would not be necessary to lock the vehicle's castors (“apply the brake”).
   5. e) By varying the gear ratio along the ramp, it would be conceivable to achieve different conveyor belt speeds and transport forces.
9. 9. A side barrier reduces the risk of driving a wheelchair, stroller or similar over the side edge of the ramp. For this purpose, the ramp links can be provided with cutouts at both ends, in which suitable blocks can be rotated and stowed with spring return. When the ramp is extended, the blocks would pivot upwards or outwards from the inside until they hit a stop on the ramp link. When retracting, they are forced back into their starting position by a bevel on the housing.
10. 10. Position lights can increase safety when used in difficult lighting conditions.

The idea on which the invention is based is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above, but can also be implemented in a different manner. A ramp of the type described here can generally provide a surface that protrudes from a motor vehicle and can be extended and retracted again. An arrangement of the type described here (with corresponding ramp members) can be used, for example, as an extendable and retractable canopy for a motor vehicle, e.g. above an access opening to the motor vehicle.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015106342 A1 [0004]

Claims (25)

Vehicle access system to enable access to the vehicle interior (I) of a motor vehicle (K) via a vehicle opening (O), with an extendable and retractable ramp (1) assigned to the vehicle opening (O), which provides access to the vehicle opening (O) , wherein the ramp (1) has a plurality of hingedly interconnected ramp members (10) arranged one behind the other along the extension direction (A) to form a ramp surface, characterized in that the ramp (1) is assigned a clamping device (15) by means of which a voltage acting on the ramp members (10) along the extension direction (A) can be generated and adjusted. Vehicle access system according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the ramp members (10) can be compactly collapsed in a retracted position and can be pivoted to one another for this purpose and that the ramp members (10) can be transferred along the extension direction (A) from the retracted position into an extended position in which the ramp members ( 10) are supported on one another in such a way that they form a ramp surface. Vehicle access system according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the tensioning device (15) is set up to tension the ramp members (10) against one another with a tension which can be adjusted by the tensioning device (15). Vehicle access system according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the tensioning device (15) prestresses the ramp members (10) against one another in such a way that adjacent ramp members (10) are drawn towards one another due to the acting prestressing force Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning device (15) comprises at least one tensioning element (151) which runs along the ramp members (10) and is connected to them and via which the tension acting on the ramp members (10) is adjustable. Vehicle access system according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the tensioning element (151) is designed as a flexible traction means, in particular in the form of a rope or a band. Vehicle access system according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the tensioning element (151) is designed as the core of a Bowden cable. Vehicle access system according to one of the Claims 5 until 7th , characterized in that the clamping device (15) comprises a drive (153, 154, 155), in particular a spindle drive, which acts on the clamping element (151) in order to adjust its tension. Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a drive device (14) with a motor (140) and a drive element (141), which is operatively connected to the ramp members (10), for moving the ramp members (10) along the extension direction (A). Vehicle access system according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the drive element (141) is designed as a toothed wheel and that the ramp members (10) have a toothed section (117) via which the drive element (141) generates an adjusting force for moving the ramp members (10) along the extension direction ( A) can be initiated. Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ramp members (10) are articulated to one another via joints (110) and can be detached from one another at the joints (110). Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ramp members (10) each have at least one guide element (11), adjacent ramp members (10) being articulated to one another via their guide elements (11). Vehicle access system according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the at least one guide element (11) has a first joint element (113) on a first side and a second joint element (114) on a second side facing away from the first side, the first joint element (113) for coupling with a second joint element (114) of an adjacent ramp member (10) arranged on the first side and the second joint element (114) for coupling to a first joint element (113) of an adjacent ramp member (10) arranged on the second side. Vehicle access system according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the first joint element (113) is releasable with the second joint element (114) of the adjacent ramp member (10) arranged on the first side and the second joint element (114) is releasable with the first joint element (113) of the second Side arranged, adjacent ramp member (10) is connected. Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ramp members (10) each have at least one Have stop surface (112) for supporting on an adjacent ramp member (10) in an extended position of the ramp (1). Vehicle access system according to Claim 15 , characterized in that the stop surfaces (112) of adjacent ramp members (10) are out of contact when the ramp (1) is retracted in at least one ramp section in which the ramp (1) has a curved course. Vehicle access system to enable access to the vehicle interior (I) of a motor vehicle (K) via a vehicle opening (O), with an extendable and retractable ramp (1) assigned to the vehicle opening (O), which provides access to the vehicle opening (O) , wherein the ramp (1) has a plurality of hingedly interconnected ramp members (10) arranged one behind the other along the extension direction (A) to form a ramp surface, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a sensor arrangement (2), by means of which the surroundings of the vehicle access system can be detected in order to determine the position of a touchdown area (B) outside the motor vehicle (K) on which the extended ramp (1) can be placed so that there is access to the vehicle interior (I) via the ramp (1). Vehicle access system according to Claim 17 , characterized in that the sensor arrangement (2) is arranged on the ramp (1), in particular on an end member (120) of the ramp (1). Vehicle access system according to Claim 17 or 18th , characterized by a control unit (E) which is connected to the sensor arrangement (2) in such a way that the output signals of the sensor arrangement (2) are transmitted to the control unit (E), the control unit (E) processing the received output signals. Vehicle access system according to Claim 19 , characterized in that the control unit (E) is connected to a drive device (14) of the ramp (1) in order to control the drive device (14) as a function of the output signals of the sensor arrangement (2). Vehicle access system according to Claim 1 and Claim 19 or 20th , characterized in that the control unit (E) is connected to the clamping device (15) of the ramp (1) in order to control the clamping device (15) as a function of the output signals of the sensor arrangement (2). Vehicle access system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a vehicle assembly, in particular comprising a housing and / or at least one guide rail, in which at least some of the ramp members (10) of the ramp (1) can be stowed in the retracted state. Computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a processor, cause the processor to process output signals from a sensor arrangement (2) of a vehicle access system, by means of which the surroundings of the vehicle access system can be detected in order to determine the position of a touchdown area (B) on which a ramp (1) of the vehicle access system formed by extendable and retractable ramp members (10) can be set up so that there is access to the vehicle interior (I) via the ramp (1), and furthermore, by means of at least one control unit, a) on the basis of the processed output signals to control a drive device (14) of the ramp (1) as a function of the output signals, so that the ramp (1) is either extended or retracted, and / or b) on the basis of the processed output signals to control a tensioning device (15) by means of which a tension acting on the ramp members (10) along the extension direction (A) of the ramp (1) can be generated and adjusted. Storage medium on which the computer program is based Claim 23 is saved. Motor vehicle with a vehicle interior (I) and a vehicle access system to the vehicle interior (I) according to one of the Claims 1 until 22nd .

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