DE102020200672A1 - Galvanically separated energy-technical coupling of at least two-pole energy supply lines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy converter (42) for electrically isolated energy-related coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20, 22), with: (20) can be connected, - a transformer (24) which has a first winding (26) and a second winding (28) which is magnetically coupled to the first winding (26) and galvanically separated from the first winding (26), the first winding (26) is connected to the first converter unit (46), - a second converter unit (48) which is connected to the second winding (28) of the transformer (24) and can be connected to the second of the two-pole power supply lines (22), - a modulator (40) connected to the clock generator (34) for modulating the clock operation as a function of a first communication signal (36), and one with de r second winding (28) electrically coupled demodulator (50) for determining and providing the first communication signal (36).

Description

The invention relates to an energy converter for galvanically separated energy-technical coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines, with a first converter unit which can be operated in cyclic operation and which can be connected to the first of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines, a transformer which has a first winding and one with the first winding magnetically coupled and galvanically separated from the first winding second winding, wherein the first winding is connected to the first converter unit, and a second converter unit connected to the second winding of the transformer, which can be connected to the second of the at least two two-pole power supply lines. The invention also relates to a method for electrically isolated energy-related coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines, a first converter unit, which is connected to the first of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines, being operated in cyclic operation, the first converter unit by means of a transformer with a first winding and a second winding that is magnetically coupled to the first winding and galvanically separated from the first winding, is coupled in terms of energy to a second converter unit connected to the second winding of the transformer, the second converter unit being connected to the second of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines.

Energy converters of the generic type as well as methods for their operation are used in particular in building automation, as well as in analog circuit technology, for example when determining a switching state of an electromechanical switching device, such as a manually operated electromechanical switch, a manually operated electromechanical button and / or the like . Generic energy converters are used in particular when using BUS systems to supply energy to the respective units connected to the BUS system, for example BUS devices, so that they can be supplied with electrical energy during normal operation. At the same time, communication can often take place via the power supply lines.

Such electrical installations, in particular in the field of building technology or building automation, are generally implemented using a field bus, for example in accordance with a KNX standard or the like. The KNX standard is a field bus that is used in particular for building automation. This standard is a successor to the field-BUSes European installation bus (EIB) Bati-BUS as well as European Home Systems (EHS). In terms of technology, the KNX standard is a further development of the EIB standard, in particular through expansion and configuration mechanisms as well as transmission media that were originally also developed for the Bati-BUS and the EHS.

In the aforementioned installations, for functional reasons, it often happens that two or more circuit or installation parts have different electrical potentials applied to them, which are to be coupled by means of an energy converter. It is a particular challenge when each of the electrical potentials is galvanically coupled to the corresponding communication signal at the same time. In such a case, it is then necessary to provide not only galvanic isolation with regard to energy coupling, but also with regard to communication technology coupling.

For the purpose of energy coupling, it can be provided that a galvanically separated energy converter is used, which allows the electrical energy to be transmitted between two pairs of energy supply lines in a potential-separated manner. As a rule, the energy converter has a suitable transformer for this.

If communication signals are to be transmitted at the same time in this context, for example an analog communication signal, this is generally difficult to implement. For this purpose, an analog-to-digital conversion is often provided on a signal source side and a digital-to-analog conversion on a signal sink side. The communication-related coupling thus takes place using a digital signal. The digital signal can then be transmitted, for example, by means of an opto-coupler, which can realize the galvanic separation.

Since there can be a sometimes very large electrical potential difference between the power supply line pairs, which also does not need to be constant, at least one power supply is often necessary for at least part of the required hardware on both sides of a galvanic isolation. This energy supply could be implemented, for example, by a solar cell, a battery and / or by the aforementioned energy converter. Overall, the effort proves to be particularly disadvantageous, especially in the case of complex building installations.

The invention is therefore based on the object of improving a generic energy converter and a generic method to the effect that the effort for the Energy-related coupling in connection with the communication-related coupling can be reduced.

As a solution, the invention proposes energy converters and methods according to the independent claims.

Advantageous developments result from the features of the dependent claims.

With regard to a generic energy converter in which the first converter unit is operated according to a first aspect by means of a clock generator in clock mode, the invention particularly proposes that the energy converter has a modulator connected to the clock generator for modulating the clock mode depending on a first communication signal, and a having demodulator electrically coupled to the second winding for determining and providing the first communication signal.

With regard to a generic energy converter according to a second aspect of the invention, the invention proposes in particular that the energy converter have a load unit electrically coupled to the second winding for loading the second winding depending on a second communication signal, and a detector unit electrically coupled to the first winding for detecting an electrical variable of the first winding and for determining the second communication signal from the detected electrical variable.

With regard to a generic method according to the first aspect, the invention proposes in particular that the clock mode is modulated by means of a modulator connected to the clock generator for modulating the clock mode depending on a first communication signal, and that the first communication signal is determined by means of a demodulator electrically coupled to the second winding and is provided.

With regard to a generic method, according to the second aspect, it is proposed in particular that the second winding is electrically loaded by means of a loading unit as a function of a second communication signal, and an electrical variable of the first winding is detected by means of a detector unit and the second communication signal is determined from the detected electrical variable will.

The invention according to the first and the second aspect thus makes it possible to realize not only a galvanically separated energy coupling between the energy supply line pairs but at the same time also a galvanically separated communication technology coupling via the energy converter. With the invention, there is therefore no need for a separate communication-related coupling that provides galvanic isolation, as is customary in the prior art. As a result of the invention, the overall effort for the galvanically isolated coupling can be considerably reduced.

The first aspect proves to be particularly advantageous when the clock generator can be modulated in terms of clock operation in accordance with the first communication signal. It is then only necessary on the opposite side to recover the first communication signal from a signal curve of the clock operation by demodulation. This can be done using simple known techniques. Corresponding methods, for example based on frequency modulations, amplitude modulations, combinations thereof and / or the like, can be provided for the modulation or demodulation. This aspect can preferably be used when there is an energy flow and a data flow in the same direction.

The second aspect is provided for a communication-related coupling in which the energy flow and the data flow take place in the opposite direction. The second aspect can, for example, assume that the energy flow takes place from the first converter unit to the second converter unit. In this case, the loading unit can load the second winding of the transformer as a function of the second communication signal. The load unit can superimpose the load on an energy-related load, so that on the opposite side of the transformer, specifically on its first winding, the communication signal can be determined again from the detected electrical variable by means of the detector unit. The electrical quantity can be an electrical current, an electrical voltage, an electrical power, combinations thereof or the like. Depending on the configuration of the loading unit, the loading unit can be designed to be able to increase and / or decrease the loading. When the load is reduced, the load unit is furthermore preferably designed in such a way that the energy supply is essentially not impaired. For this purpose, one or more energy storage units can be provided which can store sufficient electrical energy, such as capacitors, inductors and / or the like, for example. The energy storage units can be at least partially encompassed by the loading unit.

In addition, the first and second aspects can of course also be combined with one another, for example in order to be able to achieve a bidirectional communication-technical coupling. Furthermore, it can of course also be provided that not only the first converter unit can be operated by means of a clock generator, but also the second. This means that the flow of energy can also change. A bidirectional flow of energy can therefore be achieved almost independently of bidirectional communication.

In one embodiment, it can preferably be provided that the first converter unit draws energy from the first two energy supply lines connected to it, the energy being provided by means of the second converter unit on the two second energy supply lines for energy supply purposes. This ensures unidirectional energy transfer. Basically, however, the invention can also be used with a bidirectional energy-technical coupling. In this case it can be provided that the second converter unit also has a clock generator which can be modulated by means of the second communication signal, the first converter unit then having a demodulator electrically coupled to the first winding for determining and providing the second communication signal.

Accordingly, a detector unit with respect to the second winding and a further load unit with respect to the first winding can also be provided so that a communication-related coupling can also be achieved at the same time, regardless of the direction of the energy-related coupling. As a result, the invention makes it possible in a highly flexible manner to combine a compact, galvanically separated energy-related coupling with a galvanically separated communication-related coupling and, in this way, to significantly reduce the cost of a corresponding installation, in particular building automation. At the same time, the invention also allows the reliability to be improved due to the reduced effort.

It is usually provided that electrical energy can be drawn from the energy supply network by means of the energy converter and fed to another energy supply network. The energy converter is usually designed to produce at least one unidirectional electrical energy coupling. In addition, the energy converter can also be designed for bidirectional energy coupling, so that energy coupling is also possible in the opposite direction.

For the purpose of energy conversion, the energy converter generally has at least one switching element and an energy store. In the case of energy converters that are to implement galvanic isolation, the energy store often includes a transformer that is designed as an isolating transformer. The switching element is operated in cycle mode or switching mode and interacts with the energy store in order to implement the conversion function of the energy converter.

Switching elements, in particular semiconductor switches, in the context of this disclosure are preferably controllable electronic switching elements, for example a transistor, a thyristor, combination circuits thereof, in particular with free-wheeling diodes connected in parallel, for example a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), preferably with an integrated freewheeling diode, or the like.

The switching operation of the semiconductor switch means that, in an switched-on state, a very low electrical resistance is provided between the terminals of the semiconductor switch that form the switching path, so that a high current flow is possible with a very low residual voltage. In the switched-off state, the switching path of the semiconductor switch is highly resistive, that is, it provides a high electrical resistance, so that even with a high voltage applied to the switching path, there is essentially no or only a very low, in particular negligible, current flow. Linear operation differs from this, but is not used with clocked energy converters.

In principle, the energy supply lines can be used to transmit not only electrical energy, but also the first and / or the second communication signal. It can also only be provided that one pair of the two-pole energy supply lines is used to transmit both energy and communication signals, whereas the at least one second pair of energy supply lines can be provided for exclusively transmitting electrical energy. Separate communication lines can then be provided for the transmission of the communication signals.

Of course, the invention is not restricted to only being used with a single energy converter. Depending on the structure and construction of the installation, in particular the building automation, a suitable number of energy converters according to the invention or also from, for example, depending on the selected BUS standard Procedures according to the invention be provided.

The converter unit can be a unit which acts on the transformer or the winding to which it is connected by means of at least one switching element in such a way that the corresponding transmission of the energy can take place by means of the magnetic field. The other converter unit then serves to absorb this energy at the opposite winding of the transformer and to make it available for the two energy supply lines connected to it. This converter unit can, for example, be designed passively as a rectifier in the case of unidirectional energy transmission. In addition, it can of course be provided that this converter unit can also implement a voltage adaptation, for example a booster function, a buck function and / or the like.

The modulator is preferably an electronic hardware circuit which is designed to provide an input for the first communication signal. Depending on the communication signal provided, the modulator can then act on the clock signal provided by the clock generator so that it is modulated in accordance with the first communication signal. For this purpose, the modulator can be designed to implement a predefined modulation method. The modulator can also be at least partially formed by a computer unit which is controlled in a corresponding manner by means of a suitable computer program in order to be able to carry out the desired modulation. The demodulator is preferably designed accordingly as a hardware circuit, which can also be at least partially formed by a computer unit.

The communication signal can be, for example, an electrical signal or also an optical signal. Depending on the type of communication signal, the modulator or the demodulator and / or the loading unit or the detector unit are then formed.

The detector unit can for example comprise a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a power sensor and / or the like.

It is further proposed that the first converter unit comprises an inverter and / or the second converter unit comprises a rectifier.

An inverter is a form of an energy converter or a converter unit, by means of which the electrical energy of a direct voltage can be converted into electrical energy of an alternating voltage, in particular a single-phase or also a three-phase alternating voltage. Nowadays, inverters in the form of so-called static energy converters are used, which means that, unlike dynamic energy converters, they do not have any mechanically movable, in particular rotatable parts for the purpose of energy conversion. Inverters of the generic type as static energy converters are usually designed as clocked electronic energy converters or converter units, and for this purpose have at least one switching element by means of which an electrical direct voltage provided by means of an intermediate circuit can be converted into an electrical alternating voltage. For this purpose, the switching element can be operated in clock mode by means of a clock generator or clock generator, so that the alternating voltage is provided.

A rectifier is an energy converter or a converter unit with which an alternating voltage or an alternating current can be converted into a direct voltage or a direct current. The function of the rectifier can be implemented passively by means of diodes, for example. In addition, the function of the rectifier can usually also be implemented by an appropriately operated inverter.

These options make it possible to provide the first and the second converter unit in a particularly simple manner, namely in that known available electronic components can be used. However, the design of the first and / or the second converter unit need not be limited to these designs. Of course, it can also be provided that each of the converter units comprises both an inverter and a rectifier. In addition, the inverter can also be used to provide the rectifier function. Finally, it can also be provided that, in addition to the rectifier, a voltage converter is provided, for example in the manner of a step-up converter, a step-down converter and / or the like. A supplementary voltage adjustment of the electrical voltage provided by the rectifier can thereby be achieved. This can be advantageous if the energy converter is to be used in the manner of a standard component in building automation to decouple energy supply lines with different operating voltages or rated voltages. As a result, the flexibility of using the energy converter can be further improved.

It is also proposed that the demodulator be connected to the second winding or to the second converter unit. In this way, the demodulator can easily access the electrical variable modulated with the first communication signal. This can - in particular depending on the design of the second converter unit - take place, for example, directly on the second winding of the transformer, in which the modulated electrical variable, for example the voltage, can be tapped directly by the modulator. This makes it possible to provide high quality demodulation.

In addition, there is of course also the possibility of connecting the demodulator, for example, to the second converter unit, in particular to an output correspondingly provided for this purpose by the second converter unit. As a result, part of the functionality of the converter unit can also be used for demodulation, if this is applicable. For example, in the case of amplitude modulation and a second converter unit designed as a passive rectifier unit, an output for connecting the demodulator can be provided immediately after rectification, so that the demodulator no longer needs to provide the actual rectifier functionality in order to determine the second communication signal. The two power supply lines that are connected to the second converter unit can then be connected to the output of the rectifier unit via a filter unit so that, on the one hand, the voltage containing the second communication signal can be provided for the demodulator and, on the other hand, a filtered voltage can be provided for the two power supply lines can in order to be able to implement the energy supply in a predetermined manner. In this embodiment, the electrical voltage between the two power supply lines that are connected to the second converter unit is essentially a direct voltage.

Basically, however, the invention is not limited to use with direct voltages and can also be used for alternating voltages by suitable adaptation of the wall blank units.

It is also proposed that the detector unit be connected to the first winding or to the first converter unit. It can thereby be achieved that the electrical variable, for example the power, can for example be detected directly on the first winding of the transformer. By detecting the electrical variable, in particular the power, the second communication signal can be recovered and made available due to the fluctuations in the sense of the second communication signal.

Basically, the detector unit can of course also, preferably directly, be connected to the first converter unit, in particular if it provides an output suitable for this. It should be noted, however, that this output allows the electrical variable to be recorded as unfiltered as possible, so that the second communication signal can be determined by the detector unit. The first converter unit is therefore preferably designed accordingly. It is also true here that the first converter unit can have a direct voltage applied to it through the two power supply lines that are connected to it. Depending on the application, however, it can also be provided that the power supply lines have an alternating voltage applied to them.

It is also proposed that the load unit be connected to the second winding or the second converter unit. The load unit can be formed, for example, by a variable electrical resistance, which changes its electrical resistance as a function of the second communication signal and can thus act on the load on the second winding of the transformer. Basically, it can be provided that the load unit provides an additional load on the second winding or the second converter unit. However, it can also be provided that the load unit itself also provides a consumer at the same time, which is to be supplied with electrical energy through the energy supply lines that are connected to the second converter unit. It can also be provided that the loading unit can bring about a reduction in the loading. Combinations of these can of course also be provided.

It should be borne in mind that the second converter unit does not hinder its functionality as far as possible due to the modulation due to the load unit. As a result, when the load unit is connected to the second converter unit, the second winding of the transformer is loaded according to the operation of the load unit, so that the detector unit can determine a corresponding transmission of the electrical variable in order to determine the second communication signal from it again be able. The second converter unit can be a rectifier unit, in particular a passive rectifier unit, but also an inverter or the like. This does not affect the functionality of the invention.

It is further proposed that a clock rate for clock operation is at least twice as great as a maximum frequency of the first and / or the second communication signal. This makes it possible to reliably transmit the communication signal with the energy converter. In particular, this embodiment allows the Nyquist criterion to be complied with. This allows, in particular, that the communication signal can be transmitted almost completely without having to lose the information content. As a result, this refinement is particularly suitable for the case that communication signals are to be transmitted reliably and with high quality.

The advantages and effects indicated for the energy converters according to the invention naturally apply equally to the methods according to the invention and vice versa. In particular, process features and vice versa can of course also be formulated for device features.

Further advantages and features can be found in the following description of exemplary embodiments on the basis of the figures. In the figures, reference symbols denote the same features and functions.

• 1 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung eines BUS-Geräts zum Koppeln von zwei ersten BUS-Leitungen mit zwei zweiten BUS-Leitungen, wobei eine galvanische Kopplung vorgesehen ist, wobei der BUS dem KNX-Standard entspricht;
• 2 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung für einen Energiewandler des BUS-Geräts gemäß 1;
• 3 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung für ein BUS-Gerät basierend auf der Schaltungsanordnung gemäß 2, bei welchem die Energieübertragung und die Kommunikationsübertragung zur galvanischen Trennung über einen gemeinsamen Transformator erfolgt, wobei der Energiefluss und der Kommunikationsfluss in dieselbe Richtung erfolgen;
• 4 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung wie 3, wobei ein Energiefluss und ein Kommunikationsfluss entgegengesetzt sind;
• 5 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung einer Spannung als Signal an der zweiten Wicklung des Transformators für das BUS-Gerät gemäß 4;
• 6 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 5 nach einer ersten Tiefpassfilterung;
• 7 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 6 nach einer weiteren Tiefpassfilterung;
• 8 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 7 nach einer Hochpassfilterung;
• 9 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung eines Ausschnitts basierend auf dem BUS-Gerät gemäß 4 ausgelegt für eine Stromerhöhung;
• 10 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung eines Spannungssignals an einem elektrischen Widerstand sowie ein Steuersignal für eine Belastungseinheit;
• 11 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung eines tiefpassgefilterten Signals gemäß 10,
• 12 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung wie 11 nach einer Hochpassfilterung;
• 13 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung einer Ausgangsspannung eines weiteren Tiefpassfilters sowie eines Signals eines Komparators;
• 14 eine schematische Schaltbilddarstellung wie 9 jedoch ausgelegt für eine Stromverringerung;
• 15 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung eines Signals einer ersten Strommesseinheit;
• 16 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 15 nach einer ersten Hochpassfilterung;
• 17 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 16 nach einer Tiefpassfilterung; und
• 18 eine schematische Diagrammdarstellung des Signals gemäß 17 nach einer weiteren Hochpassfilterung.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic circuit diagram representation of a BUS device for coupling two first BUS lines with two second BUS lines, a galvanic coupling being provided, the BUS corresponding to the KNX standard;
• 2 a schematic circuit diagram for an energy converter of the BUS device according to FIG 1 ;
• 3 a schematic circuit diagram for a BUS device based on the circuit arrangement according to FIG 2 , in which the energy transmission and the communication transmission for galvanic isolation take place via a common transformer, the energy flow and the communication flow taking place in the same direction;
• 4th a schematic diagram like 3 where an energy flow and a communication flow are opposite;
• 5 a schematic diagram representation of a voltage as a signal on the second winding of the transformer for the BUS device according to FIG 4th ;
• 6th a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 5 after a first low-pass filtering;
• 7th a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 6th after a further low-pass filtering;
• 8th a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 7th after high-pass filtering;
• 9 a schematic circuit diagram representation of a section based on the BUS device according to FIG 4th designed for an increase in current;
• 10 a schematic diagram representation of a voltage signal at an electrical resistor and a control signal for a load unit;
• 11 a schematic diagram representation of a low-pass filtered signal according to FIG 10 ,
• 12th a schematic diagram representation of how 11 after high-pass filtering;
• 13th a schematic diagram representation of an output voltage of a further low-pass filter and a signal of a comparator;
• 14th a schematic diagram like 9 but designed for current reduction;
• 15th a schematic diagram representation of a signal of a first current measuring unit;
• 16 a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 15th after a first high-pass filtering;
• 17th a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 16 after a low-pass filtering; and
• 18th a schematic diagram representation of the signal according to FIG 17th after another high-pass filtering.

The following exemplary embodiments relate to preferred embodiments of the invention. The features and feature combinations specified in the exemplary embodiments can also further develop the invention individually and independently of one another. The disclosure therefore also includes combinations of features of embodiments in which only individual features are included from the following description of the exemplary embodiments.

1 shows a bus device in a schematic block diagram 10 as it is, for example, according to the KNX standard for coupling the first two BUS lines 20th with two second BUS lines 22nd can serve. The BUS lines 20th , 22nd are power supply lines, via which communication takes place at the same time. The BUS device 10 comprises a first connection unit 14th , which is formed, communication signals on the first BUS lines 20th decoupling, that is, disconnecting from the energy supply function. The BUS device comprises accordingly 10 a second connection unit 16 that are connected to the second BUS lines 22nd connected. In this embodiment it is provided that the second connection unit 16 Communication signals in addition to the power supply through the second BUS lines 22nd can overlay.

The BUS lines 20th , 22nd are present at a different electrical potential, so that the BUS device 10 must provide galvanic isolation in order to enable the intended operation. For this purpose, the BUS device includes 10 an energy converter 18th as well as an opto-coupler 12th . With the opto-coupler 12th the communication signals from the first connection unit 14th to the second connection unit 16 transmitted. With the energy converter 18th there is a galvanically separated energy transfer from the first connection unit 14th to the second connection unit 16 . For this purpose, the energy converter includes 18th a converter unit 46 to which a first winding 26th a transformer designed as an isolating transformer 24 connected. The first winding 26th is via a magnetic coupling 30th with a second winding 28 of the transformer 24 magnetically coupled. The second winding 28 is to a second converter unit 46 connected to the second connection unit 16 connected. The energy converter 18th is in the present case designed as a clocked energy converter, as will be explained below.

With the BUS device 10 it is thus possible to use not only electrical energy but also communication signals from the first BUS lines 20th to the second BUS lines 22nd transferred to. The BUS device 10 according to 1 is presently designed for a unidirectional transmission of energy and communication signals.

2 shows in a schematic circuit diagram a schematic structure of the energy converter 18th . How out 2 can be seen, shows the energy converter 18th a primary side A. and a secondary side B. on. The primary side A. includes a first ground potential 56 . The secondary side B. includes a second ground potential 58 . The first and the second ground potential 56 , 58 are also galvanically separated from each other.

In 2 is the energy supply via the BUS lines 20th by a symbol of a voltage source 32 shown. In the present case, the operating voltage is a DC voltage and in the present case is approximately 5 V.

As the first converter unit 46 is in the present case a series connection from the first winding 26th as well as a MOSFET M1 provided as an electronic switching element. The MOSFET M1 is by means of a clock generator 34 operated in switching mode.

The second winding 28 of the transformer 24 is via a second converter unit 48 to an electrical resistor R1 connected as an electrical consumer. The second converter unit 48 in the present case comprises a diode D13 as a rectifier diode and a capacitor C15 for the purpose of smoothing. The second converter unit 48 thus provides a passive one-way rectification. In alternative configurations, this can of course also be selected differently, for example full-wave rectification or the like can be provided.

Due to the switching operation of the MOSFET M1 is in a known manner energy via the transformer 24 to the second converter unit 48 convicted. The function of this conversion principle is extensively known to the person skilled in the art, so that a detailed explanation can be dispensed with here.

The electrical resistance R1 represents in the 2 represents the consumer, who via the BUS lines 22nd to be supplied with electrical energy. In this respect, it is a schematic representation. Basically, however, it can also be provided that the BUS lines 22nd serve exclusively for the transmission of communication signals, so that the energy converter 18th exclusively for supplying the second connection unit 16 is used with electrical energy so that it is able to provide the desired functionality. A large number of further functionalities can, however, be provided alternatively or in addition.

3 now shows a schematic circuit diagram of a BUS device 42 based on the BUS device 10 the 2 , especially the energy converter 18th according to 2 , in which not only energy but also a data stream 36 can be transmitted as the first communication signal. Since the circuit diagram according to 3 the BUS device 42 based on the BUS device 10 in 2 shows, only the differences are explained below.

How out 3 can be seen is on the clock generator 34 a modulator 40 connected to which the data stream 36 is fed. The modulator 40 controls the switching operation by sending a switching signal for the MOSFET M1 , which from the clock generator 34 is provided, corresponding to the first data stream 36 is modulated. The modulator works for this purpose 40 also on the clock generator 34 accordingly.

Modulation circuits and the function of the modulation are also fundamentally known to the person skilled in the art, which is why detailed explanations are not given here. In the present case it is provided that by the action of the modulator 40 on the clock generator 34 an amplitude modulation is realized. The correspondingly modulated switching signal is sent to the MOSFET M1 given, so that the energy transfer is also the data stream 36 contains. Both are shared via the transformer 24 with its two windings 26th , 28 transfer.

On the second winding 28 is in the present case a demodulator 50 connected to the one made by the second winding 28 provided electrical voltage by demodulation, here in particular amplitude demodulation, the data stream 36 determined and made available for further use. The data stream can then, for example, be sent to the second connection unit 16 or the like can be provided.

Through the BUS device 42 So not only can electrical energy from the primary side A. to the secondary side B. are transmitted, but, at the same time, in particular at the same time, the data stream can be transmitted via the same transmission path 36 from the primary side A. to the secondary side B. transferred to. This allows the BUS device 42 compared to the BUS device 10 to avoid the complex separation of the communication streams for galvanically separated transmission.

In 3 is an energy flow with the reference number 38 marked. It's over 3 it can be seen that the energy flow as with the energy converter according to 2 he follows.

The BUS device 42 according to 3 can both electrical energy and communication signals, such as the data stream 36 , unidirectional in the same direction from the primary side A. to the secondary side B. transfer.

To a stream of data 52 as a second communication signal against the direction of the energy flow 38 can be transmitted by a BUS device 44 according to 4th are provided. 4th shows a schematic circuit diagram of the BUS device 44 , which is also based on the schematic circuit diagram according to 2 based, which is why only the differences are explained below.

Out 4th it can be seen that the electrical resistance R1 is designed to be adjustable, in such a way that the electrical resistance R1 its resistance value depends on a supplied data stream 52 as the second communication signal changes. This will make the second winding 28 of the transformer 24 via the second converter unit designed as a rectifier 48 depending on the data stream 52 time-variable load. The electrical resistance R1 forms a load unit here. The secondary side B. So here are second communication signals in the form of the second data stream 52 fed.

On the primary side A. is between the first winding 26th and the MOSFET M1 a detector unit 54 connected. This detector unit 54 can change in a current consumption caused by the electrical resistance R1 as a result of the second data stream 52 are effected, capture and from these the second data stream 52 identify and provide. Provision can be made for the first connection unit 14th but the application is not limited to this.

The determined second data stream 52 can also be made available for other suitable purposes. With the BUS device 44 so it is possible to use the second data stream 52 against the flow of energy 38 to be transmitted galvanically isolated. The invention thus opens up the possibility of using second communication signals against the flow of energy 38 transferred to.

In a further embodiment of the invention, which, however, is not shown in the figures, a combination of the BUS device can of course also be used 42 with the BUS device 44 be provided so that a communication link between the primary side A. and the secondary side B. bidirectional is possible. The bidirectional communication technology coupling can be independent of the energy flow 38 be. Due to the different transmission methods in relation to the communication-related coupling, it is a combination of the BUS device 42 and the BUS device 44 It is even possible to achieve a communication link using the full duplex method.

The following 5 until 8th show schematic diagram representations of signals relating to the communication-related coupling of the BUS device 42 according to 3 . So shows 5 in a schematic diagram representation with a graph 60 a voltage signal on the second winding 28 , which is the case with the BUS device 42 is present. The abscissa is assigned to the time in ms, whereas the ordinate is assigned to the voltage in V. It can be seen that a high frequency Signal pulse pauses are superimposed. In the present case, these pulse pauses are a result of the modulation, as was previously the case with regard to the BUS device 42 have been explained.

In 6th FIG. 4 is a graph in a further schematic diagram representation 62 shown, which the signal according to the graph 60 shows after a first low-pass filtering. The abscissa is again as in time 5 assigned, whereas the ordinate is assigned to the electrical voltage in mV.

7th then shows with a graph 64 a signal which is obtained by a second low-pass filtering of the signal according to the graph 62 has been generated. In the present embodiment it is provided that both low-pass filters have a cut-off frequency of approximately 5.3 kHz.

8th shows with another graph 66 a signal which is obtained by high-pass filtering the signal 64 according to 7th has emerged. As in the previous figures, the abscissa is again assigned to the time, whereas the ordinate is assigned to the voltage in volts.

Out 8th it can be seen that that with the graph 68 The signal shown essentially corresponds to the first data stream 36 is equivalent to. The high-pass filtered signal 66 is fed to a comparator for this purpose, which is shown in 3 - as well as the aforementioned filters - is not shown, whereupon the graph 68 The signal shown results, which is essentially the original first data stream 36 is equivalent to.

The comparator, the modulator, the demodulator and / or also one or more of the filters can basically also be formed at least partially by a program-controlled computer unit, for example a microprocessor or the like.

Look at the following 9 until 18th are configurations for a BUS device 44 according to 4th explained. The following configurations can of course also be combined with one another and with the preceding exemplary embodiments in almost any desired manner.

9 shows in a schematic circuit diagram a specification of an embodiment of the BUS device 44 according to 4th , with only the secondary B. in 9 is shown. The primary side A. corresponds essentially to the illustration according to 4th why this in 9 is not shown.

How out 9 can be seen is the second converter unit 48 in this embodiment by a diode D2 educated. This diode D2 forms a rectifier, namely a half-wave rectifier. There is a load unit on this rectifier 70 connected that depends on one through a data stream source 72 delivered second data stream 52 the second winding 28 loaded with an electric current. It is provided here that the load unit 70 is formed by an electronic switching element, for example a MOSFET or the like, with which the rectifier and thus also the second winding 28 can be almost short-circuited.

In parallel with this, a low-pass filter is connected to the rectifier, which is made up of a diode through a series connection D13 and the capacitor C15 is formed. To the capacitor C15 is also a series circuit of a diode D3 and an electrical resistor R6 connected, which in turn is connected to a parallel circuit of a Zener diode D4 and an electrical resistor R10 connected. The resistance R10 In this embodiment, represents an electrical consumer that is to be supplied with electrical energy.

In this embodiment of the BUS device 44 becomes the second winding 28 through the load unit 70 corresponding to the second data stream 52 shorted. This short circuit can occur on the primary side through the detector unit 54 are detected, so that the detector unit 54 is able, as already explained above, the second data stream 52 to reconstruct and the data stream 52 to provide accordingly.

the 10 until 13th relate to the function of the BUS device 44 according to the 2 combined with 9 . In the 10 until 13th is the one time axis in which the time is shown in ms. The abscissa is for that 10 until 13th equal. The ordinates of the 10 , 12th and 13th are assigned to the electrical voltage in V. The ordinate of the 11 is assigned to the electrical voltage in mV.

10 shows with a graph 74 the voltage signal or the electrical voltage at the output of the rectifier, namely the voltage that is also applied to the load unit 70 is present. With a graph 76 is a switching signal according to the second data stream 52 shown, which is the switching element of the load unit 70 switches accordingly. It can be seen that in the area of the switched-on switching state, the one with the graph 76 is shown the amplitudes of the signal according to the graph 74 decrease, in the present exemplary embodiment from approximately 0.44 V to approximately 0.3 V. It should also be noted that the signal according to the graph 76 is normalized to 1 V in the present case. The signal according to the graph 74 can by means of the detector unit 54 the primary side A. are recorded. This signal can be fed to a first low-pass stage, which provides a signal as it is based on the graph 78 according to 11 is shown. In the present case, this low-pass filter has a cut-off frequency of approximately 5.3 kHz.

The signal from the low-pass filter is then fed to a high-pass filter. The high-pass filter delivers a signal according to the graph 80 according to 12th . In the present case, the high-pass filter has a cut-off frequency of approximately 1 kHz. This signal is then fed to a further low-pass filter, which in the present embodiment has a cut-off frequency of approximately 8 kHz. The low-pass filter then delivers a signal according to the graph 82 in 13th . The signal according to the graph 82 is then fed to a comparator, not shown, which compares this with a predetermined comparison value. The result of the comparison is a rectangular signal according to the graph 84 in 13th . This signal essentially corresponds to the output signal according to the graph 76 in 10 . This enables the BUS device 44 a communication signal against the flow of energy 38 be transmitted.

14th now shows a variant of the embodiment according to 9 , in which - contrary to the design according to 9 - Instead of increasing the current, it uses a current reduction to generate the second data stream 52 from the secondary side B. to the primary side A. of the BUS device 44 to be transmitted. Also in 14th is - as in 9 - only the secondary side B. shown. In the following, only the differences in the schematic circuit diagram are intended 14th for the schematic circuit diagram according to 9 explained.

In contrast to the circuit arrangement according to 9 is in accordance with the circuit arrangement 14th instead of a parallel connection of the load unit 70 between the diodes D2 and D13 according to 9 in the circuit arrangement according to 14th between the diodes D1 and D2 the load unit connected in series. The function of the load unit 70 according to 14th corresponds to the load unit 70 according to 9 , which is why in this regard refer to the corresponding statements on 9 is referred. Otherwise, the circuit arrangement is in accordance with 14th the diode 3 according to 9 no longer provided.

By the circuit arrangement according to 14th is achieved that the load on the second winding 28 through the load unit 70 can be switched on and off, depending on the second data stream 52 . The pulsating power supply for the consumer caused by this, namely the electrical resistance here R10 , is reduced by a smoothing function, which among other things is due to the interaction of the diode D2 with the capacitor C15 can be provided. As a result, a continuous energy supply to the consumer can essentially be achieved with this circuit arrangement as well.

the 15th until 18th show the function of the BUS device 44 based on a secondary side B. according to 14th . The primary side A. corresponds to what has already been explained using 4th was explained.

In the diagrams of the 15th until 18th the abscissa is again assigned to the time in ms, the abscissa for the 15th until 18th is the same in each case. The ordinates of the diagrams of the 15th until 18th are each assigned to the electrical voltage in V.

With a graph 76 is in 15th an electrical voltage is shown by means of the detector unit 54 has been captured. In areas 90 a small voltage peak can be seen in each case. These voltage peaks indicate a higher coil current due to an unloaded second winding 28 down.

From the diagram according to 16 is by means of a graph 88 the output signal filtered by a high-pass filter, not shown, based on the signal according to the graph 86 evident. In the present case, the high-pass filter has a cut-off frequency of approximately 16 kHz. It can be seen that the peaks are like those in the fields 90 stand out more clearly.

17th shows in a further schematic diagram representation with a graph 92 a signal that is obtained when the signal according to the graph 88 is filtered by means of a low-pass filter, which in the present case has a cut-off frequency of approximately 8 kHz. After a further high-pass filtering of the signal according to the graph 92 in 17th becomes the signal according to the graph 94 in 18th which is essentially the original signal of the second data stream 52 is equivalent to. It can clearly be seen that the peaks, like those in the field 90 that the second data stream 52 are attributable to the primary side A. can be determined.

So also with a BUS device constructed in this way 44 can be a communication link from the secondary side B. to the primary side A. against the flow of energy 38 can be achieved.

Basically, the configuration for the BUS device 44 according to 14th naturally also with the design of the BUS device 44 according to 9 be combined so that the effects used in each case for the communication technology transmission can be combined. This enables a higher data transfer rate to be achieved. In addition, greater flexibility can also be achieved.

Incidentally, it can of course also be provided that the BUS device 42 with the BUS device 44 is designed combined to form a common BUS device. This then enables a bidirectional communication link that is almost independent of the flow of energy 38 can be. In addition, it can also be provided that the BUS device is constructed in such a way that the energy flow 38 can be bidirectional.

For a person skilled in the art, it is easy to see how he combines the corresponding structural elements of the individual aforementioned BUS devices with one another in order to be able to achieve the desired transmission in terms of energy and communication technology.

The exemplary embodiments described above serve exclusively to explain the invention and are not intended to restrict it.

List of reference symbols

10

BUS device

12th

Opto-coupler

14th

first connection unit

16

second connection unit

18th

Energy converter

20th

first BUS lines

22nd

second BUS lines

24

Transformer gate

26th

first winding

28

second winding

30th

magnetic coupling

32

Voltage source

34

Clock generator

36

Data stream

38

Energy flow

40

modulator

42

BUS device

44

BUS device

46

first converter unit

48

second converter unit

50

Demodulator

52

second data stream

54

Detector unit

56

first ground potential

58

second ground potential

60

graph

62

graph

64

graph

66

graph

68

graph

70

Load unit

72

Data stream source

74

graph

76

graph

78

graph

80

graph

82

graph

84

graph

86

graph

88

graph

90

area

92

graph

94

graph

A.

Primary side

B.

Secondary side

C15

capacitor

D1

diode

D2

diode

D3

diode

D4

Zener diode

D13

diode

M1

MOSFET

R1

electrical resistance

R6

electrical resistance

R10

electrical resistance

Claims (10)

Energy converter (42) for electrically isolated energy-related coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20, 22), with: a first converter unit (46) which can be operated in clock mode by means of a clock generator (34) and which can be connected to the first of the at least two two-pole power supply lines (20), - a transformer (24) which has a first winding (26) and one with the first Winding (26) has a second winding (28) that is magnetically coupled and galvanically separated from the first winding (26), the first winding (26) being connected to the first converter unit (46), and - one to the second winding (28) of the transformer (24) connected to the second converter unit (48), which can be connected to the second of the at least two two-pole power supply lines (22), characterized by - a modulator (40) connected to the clock generator (34) for modulating the clock operation depending on a first Communication signal (36), and - a demodulator (50) electrically coupled to the second winding (28) for determining and providing the first communication ion signals (36). Energy converter according to Claim 1 , characterized by a loading unit (70, R1) electrically coupled to the second winding (28) for loading the second winding (28) as a function of a second communication signal (52) and a detector unit (54) electrically coupled to the first winding (26) for detecting an electrical variable of the first winding (26) and for determining the second communication signal (52) from the detected electrical variable. Energy converter (44) for electrically isolated energy-technical coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20, 22), with: - a first converter unit (46) which can be operated in cyclic operation and which can be connected to the first of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20), - a Transformer (24) having a first winding (26) and a second winding (28) magnetically coupled to the first winding (26) and galvanically separated from the first winding (26), the first winding (26) being connected to the first Converter unit (46) is connected, and - a second converter unit (48) connected to the second winding (28) of the transformer (24), which can be connected to the second of the at least two two-pole power supply lines (22), characterized by - one with the second winding (28) electrically coupled loading unit (70, R1) for loading the second winding (28) depending on a second communication signal nal (52), and - a detector unit (54) electrically coupled to the first winding (26) for detecting an electrical variable of the first winding (26) and for determining the second communication signal (52) from the detected electrical variable. Energy converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first converter unit (46) comprises an inverter and / or the second converter unit (48) comprises a rectifier. Energy converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the demodulator (50) is connected to the second winding (28) or to the second converter unit (48). Energy converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detector unit (54) is connected to the first winding (26) or to the first converter unit (46). Energy converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load unit (70, R1) is connected to the second winding (28) or the second converter unit (48). A method for electrically isolated energy-related coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20, 22), wherein - a first converter unit (46), which is connected to the first of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20), is operated in clock mode by means of a clock generator (34) will, - the first converter unit (46) by means of a transformer (24) which has a first winding (26) and a second winding (28) magnetically coupled to the first winding (26) and galvanically separated from the first winding (26), with a the second converter unit (48) connected to the second winding (28) of the transformer (24) is coupled in terms of energy technology, the second converter unit (48) being connected to the second of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines (22), characterized in that - the cyclic operation is modulated by means of a modulator (40) connected to the clock generator (34) for modulating the clock operation as a function of a first communication signal (36), and the first communication signal (36) by means of a demodulator (50) electrically coupled to the second winding (28) is determined and provided. A method for electrically isolated energy-related coupling of at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20, 22), wherein - a first converter unit (46), which is connected to the first of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines (20), is operated in clock mode, - the first converter unit (46) by means of a transformer (24) which has a first winding (26) and a second winding (28) magnetically coupled to the first winding (26) and galvanically separated from the first winding (26), with one to the second The second converter unit (48) connected to the winding (28) of the transformer (24) is coupled for energy purposes, the second converter unit (48) being connected to the second of the at least two two-pole energy supply lines (22), characterized in that - the second winding (28 ) is electrically loaded by means of a loading unit (70, R1) depending on a second communication signal (52), u nd - an electrical variable of the first winding (26) is detected by means of a detector unit (54) and the second communication signal (52) is determined from the detected electrical variable. Procedure according to Claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that a clock rate for the clock operation is at least twice as large as a maximum frequency of the first and / or the second communication signal (36, 52).

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