DE102020134742A1 - SCRAMBLER SEED PROTECTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH EXTREMELY HIGH THROUGHPUT - Google Patents

Abstract

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus relating to extremely high throughput (EHT) protection of scrambler seeds. A circuit device can determine an extremely high throughput (EHT) frame that has a scrambler seed. The switching device may cause the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority for US Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62 / 982,422 , submitted on February 27, 2020.

TECHNICAL AREA

This disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for wireless communication, for example scrambler seed protection for wireless communication with extremely high throughput (EHT), for example communication via a wireless local area network (WLAN) according to one or more protocols of the IEEE 802.11 standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

BACKGROUND

Wireless devices are widespread and increasingly requesting access to wireless channels. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards that use orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) in channel assignment and higher-order modulation schemes to improve spectral efficiency.

Figure list

• 1 ist ein Netzwerkdiagramm, das eine beispielhafte Netzwerkumgebung für den Scrambler-Seed-Schutz in der Drahtlos-EHT-Kommunikation gemäß einer oder mehreren beispielhaften Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung zeigt.
• 2 zeigt ein Funktionsdiagramm einer beispielhaften Kommunikationsstation, die sich gemäß einer oder mehreren beispielhaften Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung zur Verwendung als Benutzergerät eignen kann.
• 3 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm einer Beispielmaschine, auf der eine oder mehrere Techniken (z.B. Verfahren) gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung ausgeführt werden können.
• 4 ist ein Blockdiagramm einer Funkarchitektur gemäß einigen Beispielen.
• 5 zeigt eine Beispielschaltung eines Front-End-Moduls zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 4 gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 6 zeigt eine beispielhafte Funk-IC-Schaltung zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 4, gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 7 zeigt ein Beispiel für eine Basisbandverarbeitungsschaltung zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 4 gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 8 zeigt ein illustratives schematisches Diagramm für den Scrambler-Seed-Schutz in der Drahtlos-EHT-Kommunikation gemäß herkömmlicher Weise.
• 9-11 zeigen illustrative schematische Diagramme für den Scrambler-Seed-Schutz in der Drahtlos-EHT-Kommunikation gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 12 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm eines illustrativen Prozesses für einen illustrativen Scrambler-Seed-Schutz in einem Drahtlos-EHT-Kommunikationssystem, gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are explained below on the basis of various embodiments with reference to the following drawings. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Identical or similar components are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

• 1 FIG. 3 is a network diagram depicting an exemplary network environment for scrambler seed protection in wireless EHT communication, in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 2 10 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device in accordance with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 3 FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of an example machine on which one or more techniques (eg, methods) may be performed in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 4th Figure 3 is a block diagram of a radio architecture according to some examples.
• 5 FIG. 11 shows an example circuit of a front-end module for use in the radio architecture of FIG 4th according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 6th FIG. 13 shows an exemplary radio integrated circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 4th , according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 7th FIG. 11 shows an example of a baseband processing circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 4th according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 8th Figure 12 shows an illustrative schematic diagram for scrambler seed protection in wireless EHT communication according to the conventional manner.
• 9-11 14 shows illustrative schematic diagrams for scrambler seed protection in wireless EHT communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 12th 10 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process for illustrative scrambler seed protection in a wireless EHT communication system, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and drawings sufficiently illustrate certain embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural, logical, electrical, procedural, algorithmic, and other changes. Parts and features of some embodiments may be the same as or substituted for those of other embodiments. Embodiments recited in the claims include all available equivalents of those claims.

The IEEE 802.11 standard describes communication protocols that facilitate wireless communication between wireless communication stations. It has a number of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols to implement wireless LAN (e.g., Wi-Fi) communications in various frequency bands, including, but not limited to, the 2.4 GHz frequency bands, 5 GHz, 6 GHz and 60 GHz. According to IEEE 802.11ax, the most recent Extension of the 802.11 standard family, digital data can be modulated with a modulation scheme that has up to 1024 constellation points. In order to achieve further improvements in throughput, in order to achieve extremely high throughput, a further increase in spectral efficiency is required. One such improvement in spectral efficiency involves the use of a modulation scheme that has 4096 constellation points or more. However, the use of higher order modulation schemes can reduce reliability. In order to provide a more robust system for extremely high throughput wireless communication, the present disclosure describes a more reliable type of packet transmission for use with higher order modulation schemes.

Digital data can contain long runs of binary 1's or O's. In digital wireless communication, long runs of binary 1's or O's are prone to errors that are not easy to identify and correct. Scrambling is a process in which data patterns are randomized to avoid long runs of binary 1s and 0s. According to IEEE 802.11ax, all bits of the data part (e.g. user data of the OFDM Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer) are scrambled with one or more pseudo-random bit sequences (e.g. a frame-synchronous 127-bit sequence) that are generated by a sequence generator. For example, a 127-bit sequence can be generated repeatedly by the scrambler's sequence generator. The same sequence generator is used to encrypt the transmitted data and to decrypt the received data. When sending, the initial state of the scrambler should be set to a non-zero pseudo-random state. The sequence generator of the scrambler can, for example, be initialized with a pseudo-random non-zero seed. Upon receipt, the initial state of the descrambler should be set to the same non-zero pseudo-random state. For example, the sequence generator of the descrambler should be initialized with the same pseudo-random non-zero scrambler seed. According to the 802.11 standard, the seed information is usually transmitted from a sending station to a receiving station and is contained in the data part (e.g. PPDU), which is modulated with a higher order constellation than the preamble part.

More precisely, according to the 802.11 standard, the PPDU scrambler seed is identified in the service field of the PPDU. The service field has a total of 16 bits and is encoded together with the data. If low-density parity coding (LDPC) is used, the scrambler seed is identified in the first LDPC code word (CW). This means that a code word error in the first LDPC code word would spread to the entire PPDU due to the scrambler seed error. That is, if an error occurs in an LDPC code word that has a scrambler seed, the scrambler seed in the code word is inevitably damaged, and the error in the scrambler seed is propagated to the entire PPDU as the scrambler seed is used to initiate the descrambler's sequence generator to decrypt the entire PPDU. If the descrambler decrypted the received message with a bit sequence different from the bit sequence used to encrypt the sent message, the decrypted message would be corrupted.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for protecting scrambler seeds in extremely high throughput wireless communications (EHT).

In one embodiment, scrambler seed protection in an EHT system can include providing the scrambler seed in the preamble instead of in the data.

In one embodiment, a scrambler seed protector in an EHT system can duplicate the portion of data that has the scrambler seed.

The above descriptions are illustrative and not intended to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations, processes, algorithms, etc., may exist, some of which are described in more detail below. Exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures.

1 FIG. 12 is a network diagram depicting an exemplary network environment of scrambler seed protection in wireless EHT communication in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 can be one or more user devices 120 and one or more access points (AP) 102 that can communicate in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 communication standards. The user device (s) 120 can be mobile devices that are not stationary (e.g. have no fixed locations), or they can be stationary devices.

In some embodiments, the user devices 120 and the AP 102 include one or more computer systems similar to those of the functional diagram of FIG 2 and / or the example machine / system of 3 are similar.

One or more illustrative user devices 120 and / or AP (s) 102 can be used by one or more users 110 to be served. It should be noted that each addressable unit can be a station (STA). An STA can assume several different properties, each of which shapes its function. For example, a single addressable entity can be a portable STA, a Quality-of-Service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA at the same time. The one or more illustrative user devices 120 and the AP (s) 102 can be STAs. The one or more illustrative user devices 120 and / or the AP (s) 102 can work as a personal PBSS control unit / access point (PCP / AP). The user device (s) 120 (e.g. 124, 126 or 128) and / or AP (s) 102 may include any suitable processor controlled device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., static device. For example, the user device (s) 120 and / or the AP (s) 102 a user device (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a software-enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a portable wireless device (e.g. bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.) , a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an Internet-of- Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., a hybrid device (e.g. a Combination of mobile phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicle device, a non-vehicle device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a mobile phone, a PCS device, a PDA Device containing a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively k lone computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "carry small live large" device (CSLL), an ultra-mobile device (UMD), an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an "origami" Device or computing device, a device that supports dynamic composable computing (DCC), a contextual device, a video device, an audio device, an A / V device, a set-top box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digital video disc (DVD) player, a definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, an HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a radio receiver, a flat screen, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC) , a digital audio player, a loudspeaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital phot okamera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player or the like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lights, air conditioners, car components, household components, appliances, etc., may also be included in this list.

As used herein, the term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" refers to any object (e.g. a device, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g. an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth Identifier (ID), a near field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. An IoT device can have a passive communication interface, such as a Quick Response (QR) code, an RFID tag (radio frequency identification), an NFC tag or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a Modem, transceiver, transceiver, etc. An IoT device can have a certain set of attributes (e.g. a device state or status, e.g. whether the IoT device is switched on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available to perform tasks or busy, etc., a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light emitting function, a sound emitting function, etc.) that is incorporated into a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a ASIC or the like can be embedded and / or controlled / monitored by this and are set up for connection to an IoT network, such as a local ad -hoc network or the Internet. IoT devices can include, for example, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, washing machines, tumble dryers, ovens, air conditioning systems, thermostats, televisions, lights, vacuum cleaners, sprinkler systems, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., provided the devices are equipped with an addressable communication interface for communication with the IoT network. IoT devices can also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network can have a combination of "old" devices with internet access (e.g. laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that typically have no internet connection (e.g. dishwashers, etc.).

The user device (s) 120 and / or AP (s) 102 can also have mesh stations, e.g. in a mesh network according to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and / or 3GPP standards.

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. the user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can be arranged to use one or more communication networks 130 and or 135 communicate with each other wirelessly or wired. The user device (s) 120 can also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with or without the AP (s) 102 . Any of the communication networks 130 and or 135 may include, but is not limited to, any combination of different types of suitable communication networks, such as broadcast networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g. the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or other suitable private and / or public networks . In addition, each of the communication networks 130 and or 135 have any suitable communications area associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs). In addition, each of the communication networks 130 and or 135 any type of medium over which network traffic can be transmitted including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optic, a hybrid fiber coaxial medium (HFC), terrestrial microwave transceivers, radio frequency communication media, white space communication media , Ultra-high frequency communication media, satellite communication media, or any combination thereof.

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. the user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can have one or more communication antennas. The one or more communication antennas can be any suitable type of antenna that is compatible with the type of antenna used by the user device (s). 120 (e.g. user devices 124 , 126 and 128 ) and the AP (s) 102 communication protocols used. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communication antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, IEEE 802.11 family of standards-compliant antennas, directional antennas, omnidirectional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, MIMO antennas (multiple-input multiple-output), omnidirectional antennas, Quasi-omnidirectional antennas or the like. The one or more communication antennas can be communicatively coupled to a radio component in order to send and / or receive signals, such as communication signals to and / or from the user devices 120 and / or AP (s) 102 .

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. the user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can be set up to carry out a directed transmission and / or a directed reception in connection with the wireless communication in a wireless network. Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. the user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can be set up to carry out such a directional transmission and / or such a directional reception using a set of several antenna arrays (eg DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the plurality of antenna arrays can be used for transmission and / or reception in a specific respective direction or a specific range of directions. Each of the user device (s) 120 (e.g. user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can be set up to carry out any directional transmission in the direction of one or more defined transmission sectors. Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 can be set up to carry out any directed reception from one or more defined reception sectors.

MIMO beamforming in a wireless network can be done with RF beamforming and / or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, user devices 120 and / or AP (s) 102 be set up when performing a particular MIMO transmission that they use all or a subset of their one or more communication antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g. user devices 124 , 126 , 128 ) and AP (s) 102 may include any suitable radio and / or transceiver for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and / or channels that conform to the communication protocols used by each of the user equipment 120 and AP (s) 102 used to communicate with each other. The radio components can have hardware and / or software in order to modulate and / or demodulate communication signals in accordance with predetermined transmission protocols. The radio components can also have hardware and / or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and / or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as defined by the IEEE standard (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 are standardized. In certain embodiments, the radio component can be set up in cooperation with the communication antennas, via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax) or 60 GHz channels (e.g. 802.1 1ad, 802.11ay). 800 MHz channels (e.g. 802.11ah). The communication antennas can operate at 28 GHz and 40 GHz. It should be understood that this list of communication channels according to certain 802.11 standards is only a partial list and that other 802.11 standards can be used (e.g., next generation Wi-Fi or other standards). According to some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols can also be used for communication between devices, such as Bluetooth, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), White band frequencies (e.g. white spaces) or other packetized radio links. The radio component can have any known receiver and any baseband that is suitable for communication via the communication protocols. The radio component can furthermore have a low-noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter (A / D), one or more buffers and a digital baseband.

In one embodiment and with reference to FIG 1 can AP 102 the scrambler seed protection in EHT 142 with one or more user devices 120 facilitate.

It is to be understood that the above descriptions are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.

8th 13 shows an illustrative schematic diagram for scrambler seed protection in wireless EHT communication according to conventional methods. For example shows 8th the structure of a packet of the physical layer according to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards, the packet having a preamble, a header and payload data. The preamble can enable the receiver to obtain time and frequency synchronization and to estimate channel characteristics for equalization. The header field can provide information about the packet configuration, such as the format, the data rates, etc. The user data can contain the user data to be transported. An example of such a packet is a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). 8th shows the structure of a PPDU 800 who have favourited a Scrambler Seed 860 in the data field 850 having.

In relation to 8th is the PPDU scrambler seed 860 especially in the service field 852 the PPDU 800 available. The service field 852 has a total of 16 bits and is encoded together with the data. When using LDPC, the scrambler seed is 860 present in the first LDPC code word (CW). This means that an error in the code word in the first LDPC code word spreads to the entire PPDU due to the scrambler seed error. This is because the scrambler seed is used to generate a bit sequence for the decryption of the entire PPDU and if there is an undetectable or uncorrectable error in an LDPC codeword containing a scrambler seed, the Scrambler seed will then also be damaged, which means that the decryption sequence will be damaged.

The likelihood of a scrambler seed failure increases with wireless EHT communication. Background: With wireless communication according to IEEE 802.11, digital data must be converted into analog RF signals for over-the-air transmission. This comprises a change or modulation of a basic signal (e.g. a carrier wave) based on the digital data. A finite number of different signals (e.g. constellation points) can be used to represent the digital data. Typically, the preamble and the header field of a PPDU unit are modulated with a lower order constellation and the useful data of a PPDU unit are modulated with a higher order constellation. With a higher order constellation, more bits can be transmitted per symbol. However, the constellation points can be closer together if the mean energy is not increased, which makes the modulated digital data more susceptible to noise and other corruptions. This leads to a higher bit error rate, so that higher-order constellations can deliver more data less reliably than lower-order constellations with the same mean constellation energy. In order to achieve an extremely high throughput, a higher order constellation, e.g. 4K-QAM, can be used, which would increase the probability of a scrambler seed error if a scrambler seed is transmitted in the conventional manner.

In the present disclosure, several solutions are provided to improve the protection of the scrambler seed in wireless EHT communication.

9-11 9 shows illustrative schematic diagrams for protecting scrambler seeds in wireless EHT communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

In one or more embodiments, scrambler seed protection in an EHT system can enable robust and more reliable communication of the scrambler seed from a sending device to a receiving device.

In one or more embodiments, the scrambler seed is identified in the EHT preamble, for example in the preamble of an EHT-PPDU packet. For example illustrated 9 a PPDU data structure 900 for wireless EHT communication. Referring to 9 can the EHT-PPDU 900 a legacy preamble 910 , a U-SIG field 920 , an EHT-SIG field 930 and an EHT-STF / LTF field 940 as well as a data field 950 have a service field 952 which can be encoded with LDPC.

According to 9 could be the scrambler seed 960 in the EHT preamble. For example shows 9 that the EHT-SIG field 930 the scrambler seed 960 in the EHT PPDU, except in a trigger-based (TB) PPDU.

For an EHT-TB-PPDU, the scrambler seed 960 be present in the EHT trigger frame. Because an EHT TB PPDU must not have an EHT-SIG field. Even if an EHT TB PPDU has an EHT-SIG field, an AP may not be able to decode the field.

The scrambler seed can be identified in the common field or in the user information field of the trigger frame.

Alternatively, in one or more embodiments, the scrambler seed can be initialized by a bit sequence of the EHT preamble.

For example, the first 15 bits of the EHT-LTF field are always used as the scrambler seed. That is, the first 15 bits of the EHT-LTF field can be reserved for scrambler seed information. Then the first 15 bits of the EHT-LTF can be changed from PPDU to PPDU. The change can be predefined, e.g. by the IEEE, and follow a predefined pattern. Alternatively, the 15-bit sequence can be specified in the U-SIG or EHT-SIG field. For example, it can be defined that a 15-bit sequence pool and the EHT-SIG field can specify which sequence in the pool is used for the first 15 bits of the EHT-LTF field. That is, a sequence pool comprising a plurality of 15-bit sequences can be predefined, for example by the IEEE, and the information contained in the U-SIG or EHT-SIG field can be used to identify which of the plurality of 15-bit sequences is the scrambler seed.

Alternatively, in one or more embodiments, the data information comprising the scrambler seed may be repeated in the data area to improve the performance of the scrambler seed protection.

10 Figure 11 shows another PPDU data structure for wireless EHT communication. Referring to 10 can the EHT-PPDU 1000 a legacy preamble 1010 , a U-SIG field 1020 , an EHT-SIG field 1030 and an EHT-STF / LTF field 1040 as well as a data field 1050 have a first LDPC-CW service field 1052a and a second LDPC-CW service field 1052b contains. 10 is an example of using repeats to protect scrambler seeds. According to 10 becomes, for example, the first LDPC code word in the service field 1052a in the service field 1052b repeatedly to improve decoding performance. In another example, the service field can be repeated in the first LDPC-CW instead of repeating the entire first LDPC-CW.

Alternatively, in one or more embodiments, the scrambler seed can be identified in a dedicated frequency resource in the first symbol of the data field.

For example, in some embodiments, the 26-tone central resource unit (RU) can be used to house the scrambler seed. The scrambler seed can either be coded or uncoded. However, the PPDU bandwidth (BW) must be at least 80 MHz.

In another embodiment, the scrambler seed can be distributed over several tones via the first symbol in the data field. These tones could be the null tones in the PPDU.

11 illustrates another PPDU data structure for wireless EHT communication. Referring to 11 can the EHT-PPDU 1100 a legacy preamble 1110 , a U-SIG field 1120 , an EHT-SIG field 1130 and an EHT-STF / LTF field 1140 as well as a data field 1150 with a first symbol 1156 exhibit. The scrambler seed 1160 is in the first symbol 1156 of the data field 1150 provided.

12th Figure 13 shows a flow diagram of an illustrative process 1200 for scrambler seed protection in an EHT system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

In block 1202 a device (e.g. the user device (s) 120 and / or the AP 102 from 1 ) Determine an EHT frame or extremely high throughput (EHT) packet that has a scrambler seed.

In block 1204 can cause the device to send the EHT frame or the EHT packet to a first station device from one or more station devices.

It is to be understood that the above descriptions are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.

2 Figure 3 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 200 , according to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Illustrated in one embodiment 2 FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a communication station suitable for use as an AP, according to some embodiments 102 ( 1 ) or as a user device 120 ( 1 ) may be suitable. The communication station 200 Can also be used as a handheld device, mobile device, cell phone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop, portable computing device, femtocell, high data rate subscriber station (HDR), access point, access terminal or other personal communication system device (PCS) be suitable.

The communication station 200 can be a communication circuit 202 and a transceiver 210 for sending and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 201 exhibit. The communication circuit 202 may have a circuit that can operate the physical layer communication (PHY) and / or the medium access control (MAC) communication for controlling access to the wireless medium and / or other communication layers for sending and receiving signals. The communication station 200 can also be a processing circuit 206 and a memory 208 that are arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communication circuit 202 and the processing circuit 206 be set up to perform the operations described in the above figures, diagrams and sequences.

According to some embodiments, the communication circuit 202 be arranged to compete on a wireless medium and establish frames or packets for communication over the wireless medium. The communication circuit 202 can be set up to send and receive signals. The communication circuit 202 may also have circuits for modulation / demodulation, up / down conversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 206 the communication station 200 have one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 201 with the communication circuit 202 be coupled, which are arranged for sending and receiving signals. The memory 208 can provide information on setting up the processing circuitry 206 to perform operations to configure and transmit message frames and to perform the various operations described herein. The memory 208 may have any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, to store information in a form that can be read by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, the memory 208 computer readable storage device, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media.

According to some embodiments, the communication station 200 Be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capabilities, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, a Instant messaging device, digital camera, access point, television, medical device (e.g. heart rate monitor, blood pressure monitor, etc.), portable computing device, or any other device that can receive and / or send information wirelessly.

In some embodiments, the communication station 200 one or more antennas 201 exhibit. The antennas 201 may have one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, for example dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas that are suitable for the transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, a single multi-aperture antenna may be used instead of two or more antennas. In these embodiments, each aperture can be viewed as a separate antenna. In some multi-input multi-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a broadcasting station.

In some embodiments, the communication station 200 include one or more of the following: a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display can be an LCD screen that has a touch screen.

Although the communication station 200 is shown as having multiple separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented by combinations of software configured elements such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs) and / or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may have one or more microprocessors, DSPs, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), RFICs (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits in order to carry out at least the functions described here . In some embodiments, the functional elements of the communication station 200 refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Certain embodiments can be implemented in any one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer readable storage device that can be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer readable storage device can include any non-transitory storage mechanism for storing information in a machine (eg, computer) readable form. For example, a computer readable storage device may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, the communication station 200 include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer readable storage device.

3 Figure 3 shows a block diagram of an example of a machine 300 or a system on which one or more of the techniques (eg, methodologies) discussed herein can be carried out. According to other embodiments, the machine 300 work as a stand-alone device or be connected (e.g. networked) to other machines. In a networked application, the machine can 300 operate in the role of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In one example, the device can 300 operate as a peer device in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments. With the device 300 it can be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a portable computing device, a web appliance, a network router , a switch or a bridge, or any device capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) specifying actions to be taken by that device, such as a base station. Although only a single machine is depicted, the term “machine” is intended to include any collection of machines that individually or collectively execute a set (or sets) of instructions to perform one or more of the methods discussed herein, such as cloud computing , Software as a Service (SaaS) or other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein may include or operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible units (e.g. hardware) that can perform certain operations during operation. A module has hardware. In one example, the hardware may be specifically designed to perform a particular operation (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions, the instructions setting up the execution units to perform a particular operation when in use. The configuration can be done under the direction of the execution units or a loading mechanism. According to this example, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is in operation. In this example, the execution units can be a member of more than one module. For example, the execution units may be set up in operation by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at a point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 300 may be a hardware processor 302 (e.g. a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 304 and a static memory 306 some or all of which can communicate with one another via an interconnect (e.g., a bus) 308. The machine 300 can also be a power management device 332 , a graphics display device 310 , an alphanumeric input device 312 (e.g. a keyboard) and a navigation device 314 (e.g. a mouse) for the user interface (UI). In one example, the graphics display device 310 , the alphanumeric input device 312 and the UI navigation device 314 be a touchscreen display. The device 300 can also have a storage device (i.e. drive) 316 , a device for generating signals 318 (e.g. a loudspeaker), a scrambler seed protection in the EHT device 319 , a network interface device / transceiver 320 coupled to antenna (s) 330 and one or more sensors 328 such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The device 300 can be a control unit 334 such as a serial (e.g. Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel or other wired or wireless (e.g. infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC) etc.) connection to connect to one or more peripheral devices (e.g. a printer, a card reader etc.) to communicate or control them.) The operations according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed by a baseband processor. The baseband processor can be set up to generate corresponding baseband signals. The baseband processor may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with the hardware processor 302 for generating and processing the baseband signals and for controlling the operations of the main memory 304 , the storage device 316 and / or the scrambler seed protection in the EHT facility 319 exhibit. The baseband processor can be provided on a single radio card, chip, or integrated circuit (IC).

The storage device 316 can be a machine-readable medium 322 have on which one or more sets of data structures or instructions 324 (e.g. software) that embodies or is used by one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 324 can also be completely or at least partially in main memory 304 , in static memory 306 or in the hardware processor 302 while they are from the machine 300 are executed. In one example, one or any combination of the hardware processor can be used 302 , the main memory 304 , the static memory 306 or the storage device 316 represent a machine-readable medium.

The scrambler seed protection in the EHT device 319 can use any of the operations and processes described and illustrated above (e.g. process 1200 ) execute or execute.

It should be understood that the above is only a subset of what the scrambler seed protection is in the EHT device 319 is configured to perform and other functions included in this disclosure are also provided by the scrambler seed protection in the EHT device 319 can be executed.

While the machine-readable medium 322 is depicted as a single medium, the term “machine readable medium” can include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a central or distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) that are set up that include one or more instructions 324 save.

Various embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in software and / or firmware. Such software and / or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium. These instructions can then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable the operations described herein to be performed. The instructions can be in any suitable form such as, but not limited to, source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer readable medium may include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as, but not limited to, read only memory (ROM); Random Access Memory (RAM); Magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.

The term “machine-readable medium” can include any medium that is capable of carrying instructions for execution by the machine 300 to save, encode or carry that the machine 300 cause one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure to be performed, or capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media can include solid-state memories, as well as optical and magnetic media. In one example, a machine-readable medium in bulk comprises a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles that have a rest mass. Specific examples of machine-readable mass media can include non-volatile memories, such as semiconductor storage devices (e.g. electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory. Storage devices; Magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The instructions 324 can also use a communication network 326 using a transmission medium via the network interface device / transceiver 320 transmitted or received using any of a number of transmission protocols (e.g. Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.). Examples of communication networks can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), cellular phone networks (e.g., cellular networks), simple old telephone networks (POTS), wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard family known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 standard family known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 standard family, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In one example, the network interface device / transceiver 320 have one or more physical jacks (e.g., ethernet, coaxial, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 326 to manufacture. In one example, the network interface device / transceiver 320 have a plurality of antennas for wireless communication, wherein at least one of the techniques single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multiple-input single output (multiple- Input Single-Output - MISO) is used. The term “transmission medium” is to be understood to include any intangible medium that is capable of carrying instructions for execution by the machine 300 to store, encode or transport, and it has digital or analog communication signals or other intangible media to facilitate the communication of such software.

The acts and processes described and illustrated above can be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least some of the operations can be performed in parallel. Additionally, in certain implementations, fewer or more than the operations described may be performed.

4th Figure 3 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A , 105B according to some embodiments included in one of the example AP 100 and / or the example STA 102 from 1 can be implemented. The radio architecture 105A , 105B can be a radio front-end module (FEM) circuit 404a-b , a radio integrated circuit 406a-b and a baseband processing circuit 408a-b exhibit. The radio architecture 105A , 105B as shown, has both wireless local area network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, although the embodiments are not so limited. In this disclosure, "WLAN" and "Wi-Fi" are used interchangeably.

The FEM circuit 404a-b can be a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuit 404a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuit 404b exhibit. The WLAN FEM circuit 404a may have a receive signal path that has a circuit that is configured to work with WLAN RF signals from one or more antennas 401 are received to amplify the received signals and the amplified versions of the received signals of the WLAN radio integrated circuit 406a to provide for further processing. The BT-FEM circuit 404b may include a received signal path that may include circuitry configured to work with BT RF signals from one or more antennas 401 to amplify the received signals and the amplified versions of the received signals of the BT radio integrated circuit 406b to provide for further processing. The FEM circuit 404a can also have a transmission signal path which can have a circuit which is set up to transmit WLAN signals from the radio IC circuit 406a may be provided for wireless transmission through one or more of the antennas 401 to reinforce. In addition, the FEM circuit can 404b also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals emitted by the radio IC circuit 406b for wireless transmission through which one or more antennas are provided. In the embodiment of 4th are FEM 404a and FEM 404b although shown as separate from one another, the embodiments are not so limited and include in their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that has a transmission path and / or a reception path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use one or more FEM circuits, wherein at least some of the FEM circuits share transmission and / or reception signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

The radio IC circuit 406a-b as shown, a WLAN radio IC circuit can 406a and a BT radio IC circuit 406b exhibit. The WLAN radio IC circuit 406a may have a received signal path that may have circuitry to that of the FEM circuit 404a downconvert received WLAN RF signals and baseband signals for the WLAN baseband processing circuit 408a provide. The BT radio IC circuit 406b can in turn have a received signal path, which can have a circuit in order to receive BT-HF signals from the FEM circuit 404b received, downconvert and baseband signals for the BT baseband processing circuit 408b provide. The WLAN radio IC circuit 406a may also have a transmission signal path, which may include circuitry to receive WLAN baseband signals generated by the WLAN baseband processing circuit 408a are provided, up-convert and WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuit 404a for the subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 401 provide. The BT radio IC circuit 406b can also have a transmission signal path, which can have a circuit for up-converting BT baseband signals that are generated by the BT baseband processing circuit 408b and BT RF output signals for the FEM circuit 404b for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 401 can provide. In the embodiment of 4th are the radio IC circuits 406a and 406b although shown as separate from one another, the embodiments are not so limited and in their scope have the use of a radio IC circuit (not shown) which has a transmission signal path and / or a reception signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuits, with at least some of the radio IC circuits sharing transmit and / or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

The baseband processing circuit 408a-b can be a WLAN baseband processing circuit 408a and a BT baseband processing circuit 408b exhibit. The WLAN baseband processing circuit 408a may have a memory such as a set of RAM arrays according to a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fourier Transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuit 408a . Any of the WiFi baseband circuits 408a and the BT baseband circuits 408b can furthermore have one or more processors and a control unit in order to receive the signals from the corresponding WLAN or BT reception signal path of the radio IC circuit 406a-b to process received signals and also corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmission signal path of the radio IC circuit 406a-b to create. Each of the baseband processing circuits 408a and 408b may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry and may further interface with apparatus for generating and processing the baseband signals and controlling operations of the radio integrated circuit 406a-b exhibit.

According to the in 4th illustrated embodiment, the WLAN-BT coexistence circuit 413 have logic that interfaces between the WLAN baseband circuit 408a and the BT baseband circuit 408b to enable use cases that require WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition, a switch can 403 between the WLAN FEM circuit 404a and the BT-FEM circuit 404b be provided to enable switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application requirements. In addition, the embodiments, although the antennas 401 are shown so that they are each connected to the WLAN FEM circuit 404a and the BT-FEM circuit 404b the sharing of one or more antennas as per the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna to be connected to each of the FEMs 404a or 404b connected is.

According to some embodiments, the front-end module circuits 404a-b who have favourited Radio IC Circuits 406a-b and the baseband processing circuits 408a-b be provided on a single radio card, such as the wireless radio card 402 . In some other embodiments, the one or more antennas 401 who have favourited FEM circuit 404a-b and the radio IC circuit 406a-b be provided on a single radio card. According to some other embodiments, the radio integrated circuit 406a-b and the baseband processing circuit 408a-b on a single chip or an integrated circuit (IC) such as IC 412 , be provided.

In some embodiments, the wireless card may 402 have a WLAN radio card and be set up for the Wi-Fi communication, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals can have a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

According to some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B Be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA), such as a wireless access point (AP), base station, or a mobile device that has a Wi-Fi device. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B be set up to send and receive signals in accordance with certain communication standards and / or protocols, such as one of the standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), including 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11- 2016, 802.11n-2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay and / or 802.11ax standards and / or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. The radio architecture 105A , 105B may also be suitable for sending and / or receiving communications according to other techniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B be set up for highly efficient Wi-Fi communication (HEW) in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 1ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B be configured to communicate according to an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B be able to send and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g. direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and / or frequency hopping code division multiple access Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA), time division multiplex (TDM) modulation, and / or frequency division multiple access (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, as in 4th further shown, the BT baseband circuit 408b Be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 8.0, or Bluetooth 6.0, or another iteration of the Bluetooth standard.

According to some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A , 105B have other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card that is set up for cellular (e.g. 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 7G communication).

In some embodiments of IEEE 802.11, the radio architecture may 105A , 105B be set up for communication over various channel bandwidths, including bandwidths with center frequencies of approximately 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and bandwidths of approximately 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80 + 80 MHz (160MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). In some embodiments, a channel bandwidth of 920 MHz can be used. However, the scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the center frequencies mentioned above.

5 illustrates the WLAN FEM circuit 404a according to some embodiments. Although the example of 5 in connection with the WLAN FEM circuit 404a is described, the example of 5 in connection with the example BT-FEM circuit 404b ( 4th ), although other circuit configurations may be suitable.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuit 404a a TX / RX switch 502 to switch between send mode and receive mode. The FEM circuit 404a can have a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The received signal path of the FEM circuit 404a can use a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 506 have to received RF signals 503 to amplify and the amplified received RF signals 507 to be provided as an output (e.g. to the radio IC circuit 406a-b ( 4th )). The transmit signal path of the circuit 404a may have a power amplifier (PA) to input RF signals 509 (e.g. from the radio IC circuit 406a-b provided), and one or more filters 512 , such as band pass filters (BPFs), low pass filters (LPFs), or other types of filters to pass RF signals 515 for subsequent transmission (e.g. through one or more of the antennas 401 ( 4th )) via a sample duplexer 514 to create.

In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuit can 404a be set up to work either in the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or in the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. According to these embodiments, the received signal path of the FEM circuit 404a a receive signal path duplexer 504 to separate the signals from each spectrum, as well as a separate LNA 506 provide for each spectrum as shown. According to these embodiments, the transmission signal path of the FEM circuit 404a also a power amplifier 510 and a filter 512 such as a BPF, an LPF, or some other type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 504 have the signals of one of the different spectra on a single transmission path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 401 to provide ( 4th ). In some embodiments, the BT communication can use the 2.4 GHz signal paths and the same FEM circuit 404a as used for wireless LAN communication.

6th shows the radio IC circuit 406a according to some embodiments. The radio IC circuit 406a is an example of a circuit suitable for use as a WLAN or BT radio IC circuit 406a / 406b ( 4th ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 6th in conjunction with the exemplary BT radio IC circuit 406b to be discribed.

In some embodiments, the radio integrated circuit 406a have a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the radio IC circuit 406a can at least one mixer circuit 602 include, such as a down-conversion mixer circuit, an amplifier circuit 606 and a filter circuit 608 . The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuit 406a can at least one filter circuit 612 and a mixer circuit 614 such as an up-conversion mixer circuit. The radio IC circuit 406a can also use a synthesizer circuit 604 to synthesize a frequency 605 for use by the mixer circuit 602 and the mixer circuit 614 exhibit. The mixer circuits 602 and or 614 may be configured according to some embodiments to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuit has a much simpler architecture compared to standard superheterodyne mixer circuits, and any flicker noise caused by the same can be mitigated, for example, by using OFDM modulation. 6th Figure 3 shows only a simplified version of a radio integrated circuit and, although not shown, may have embodiments in which each of the shown circuits may contain more than one component. For example, the mixer circuit 614 each having one or more mixers, and the filter circuits 608 and or 612 may each have one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and / or LPFs according to the requirements of the application. For example, if the mixer circuits are of the direct conversion type, they may each have two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 be set up by the FEM circuit 404a-b ( 4th ) received RF signals 507 based on the synthesized frequency 605 by the synthesizer circuit 604 is provided to convert downwards. The amplifier circuit 606 may be arranged to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuit 608 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to output baseband signals 607 to create. The output baseband signals 607 can use the baseband processing circuit 408a-b ( ) can be made available for further processing. In some embodiments, the output may be baseband signals 607 Be zero frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 have passive mixers, wherein the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 614 be set up to input baseband signals 611 based on the synthesized frequency 605 by the synthesizer circuit 604 is provided to up-convert to RF output signals 509 for the FEM circuit 404a-b to create. The baseband signals 611 can from the baseband processing circuit 408a-b can be provided by the filter circuit 612 be filtered. The filter circuit 612 may include an LPF or a BPF, the scope of the embodiments not being limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 and the mixer circuit 614 each have two or more mixers and for a quadrature down-conversion and / or up-conversion with the aid of the synthesizer 604 be arranged. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 and the mixer circuit 614 each have two or more mixers which are each set up for image suppression (for example Hartley image suppression). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 and the mixer circuit 614 be set up for direct down-conversion and / or direct up-conversion. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 602 and the mixer circuit 614 be set up for super heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.

The mixer circuit 602 can, according to one embodiment, have passive quadrature mixers (eg for the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase paths (Q)). In such an embodiment, the RF input signal 507 the end 6th downconverted to provide I and Q baseband output signals which are sent to the baseband processor

Passive quadrature mixers can be driven by zero- and ninety-degree time-varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuit configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO) from a local oscillator or synthesizer, such as the LO frequency 605 of the synthesizer 604 ( 6th ). In some embodiments, the LO frequency can be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments the LO frequency can be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the time varying zero and ninety degree switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, the scope of the embodiments not being limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of a period that the LO signal is high) and / or in offset (the difference between the starting points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals can have a duty cycle of 85% and an offset of 80%. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuit (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths) can operate with a duty cycle of 80%, which can result in a significant reduction in power consumption.

The RF input signal 507 ( 5 ) may have a symmetrical signal, the scope of the embodiments not being restricted in this regard. The I and Q baseband output signals can be provided to a low noise amplifier, such as the amplifier circuit 606 ( 6th ) or the filter circuit 608 ( 6th ).

In some embodiments, the output may be baseband signals 607 and the input baseband signals 611 baseband analog signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some alternative embodiments, the output may be baseband signals 607 and the input baseband signals 611 be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the radio integrated circuit may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio integrated circuit may be provided to process signals for each spectrum or for other spectra not mentioned here, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 604 a fractional N synthesizer or a fractional N / N + 1 synthesizer, the scope of the embodiments being not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, the synthesizer circuit 604 be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier or a synthesizer that has a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 604 comprise a digital synthesizer circuit. One advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that, although it can still have some analog components, its space requirement is much less than the space requirement of an analog synthesizer circuit. In some embodiments, the frequency input to the synthesizer circuit 604 provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not a requirement. A divider control input can also be provided by the baseband processing circuit 408a-b ( 4th ), depending on the desired output frequency 605 . According to some embodiments, a divider control input (eg, N) may be determined from a look-up table (eg, within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency, as by the example application processor 410 determined or specified. The application processor 410 can use one of the exemplary safe signal converters 101 or the exemplary received signal converter 103 have or otherwise be connected to it (e.g. depending on the device in which the exemplary radio architecture is implemented).

According to some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 604 be set up to use a carrier frequency as the output frequency 605 while in other embodiments the output frequency 605 can be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g. half the carrier frequency, one third of the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency can be 605 be a LO frequency (fLO).

7th Figure 13 shows a functional block diagram of the baseband processing circuit 408a according to some embodiments. The baseband processing circuit 408a is an example of a circuit that is suitable for use as a baseband processing circuit 408a ( 4th ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 6th used to sample the BT baseband processing circuit 408b from 4th to implement.

The baseband processing circuit 408a may have a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 702 for processing receive baseband signals 609 made by the radio IC circuit 406a-b ( 4th ) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 704 for generating transmission baseband signals 611 for the radio IC circuit 406a-b exhibit. The baseband processing circuit 408a can also be a control logic 706 to coordinate the operations of the baseband processing circuit 408a exhibit.

In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are between the baseband processing circuit 408a-b and the radio IC circuit 406a-b can be exchanged) the baseband processing circuit 408a an ADC 710 have to be used by the radio integrated circuit 406a-b received analog baseband signals 709 into digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 702 to convert. In these embodiments, the baseband processing circuit 408a also a DAC 712 have to digital baseband signals from TX BBP 704 into analog baseband signals 711 to convert.

In some embodiments transmitting OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, such as by the baseband processor 408a , the broadcast baseband processor can 704 be set up to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals as they are suitable for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The receiving baseband processor 702 can be set up to process received OFDM or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. According to some embodiments, the receive baseband processor 702 be set up to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation to detect a preamble, for example a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation to detect a long preamble. The preambles can be part of a given framework for Wi-Fi communication.

Back to 4th : In some embodiments, the antennas 401 ( 4th ) each have one or more directional or non-directional antennas, eg dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other antenna types that are suitable for the transmission of RF signals. In some multi-input multi-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of the spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that may result. The antennas 401 may each have a set of phased array antennas, but the embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio architecture 105A , 105B is shown as having multiple separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented by combinations of software configured elements such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs) and / or other hardware elements. For example, some elements can have one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), integrated radio frequency circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits in order to carry out at least the functions described here. In some embodiments, the functional elements may relate to one or more processes running on one or more processing elements.

The word “exemplary” is used here in the sense of “serving as an example, instance or illustration”. Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be understood as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The terms “computing device”, “user device”, “communication station”, “station”, “handheld device”, “mobile device”, “wireless device” and “user device” (UE) as used herein refer to a wireless communication device such as e.g. a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal device, a laptop, a femtocell, an HDR subscriber station (High Data Rate), an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal or another PCS Device (Personal Communication System). The device can be either mobile or stationary.

As used in this document, the term “communicate” is intended to include sending or receiving, or both sending and receiving. This can be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data sent by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices send and receive during the exchange) can be described as "communicating" if only the functionality of one of these devices is required. As used herein in relation to a wireless communication signal, the term “communicating” includes the transmission of the wireless communication signal and / or the reception of the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of transmitting a wireless communication signal may have a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit and / or a wireless communication receiver to the wireless communication signal from at least one another wireless communication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first," "second," "third", etc., to describe a common object merely indicates that reference is made to different instances of like objects, and is not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a certain order, either temporally, spatially, in order of precedence, or in some other way.

The term “access point” (AP) as used here can be a fixed station. An access point can also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB) or another similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, user equipment (UE), wireless communication device, or other similar terminology known in the art. The embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with any of the IEEE 802.11 standards.

Some embodiments can be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, such as a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicle device , a non-vehicle device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router , a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A / V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), e a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one-way and / or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, a cellular phone, cellular telephone, wireless telephone, personal communication system (PCS) device, PDA device that is wireless Communication device contains a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device that contains a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device that contains an RFID element or an RFID chip , a MIMO transmitter / receiver or a MIMO device (Multiple Input Multiple Output), a SIMO transmitter / receiver or a SIMO device (Single Input Multiple Output), a MISO transmitter / receiver or a MISO device (Multiple Input Single Output), a device that has one or more internal antennas and / or external antennas, DVB devices or systems (Digital Video Broadcast), multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or Handheld wireless device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and / or systems that follow one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM) ), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, Single -Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation mobile networks (5G), 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or similar. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and / or networks.

The following examples relate to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include an apparatus having processing circuitry coupled to a memory, the processing circuitry being configured to: determine an Extreme High Throughput (EHT) frame containing a scrambler seed; and cause the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices.

Example 2 may include the apparatus of Example 1 and / or another example herein, wherein the scrambler seed may be included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame.

Example 3 may include the apparatus of Example 1 and / or another example herein, wherein a data portion of the EHT frame can be duplicated if the data portion contains the scrambling seed.

Example 4 can include the device from Example 1 and / or another example herein, further comprising a transceiver that is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

Example 5 may include the device of Example 4 and / or another example herein further comprising an antenna coupled to the transceiver to cause the EHT frame to be transmitted.

Example 6 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in operations including: determining an Extreme High Throughput (EHT) frame that a scrambler -Seed contains; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices.

Example 7 may include the non-transitory computer readable medium of Example 6 and / or another example herein, wherein the scrambler seed may be included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame.

Example 8 may include the non-transitory computer readable medium of Example 6 and / or another example herein wherein a data portion of the EHT frame can be duplicated if the data portion contains the scrambling seed.

Example 9 may include a method comprising: determining, by one or more processors, an Extreme High Throughput (EHT) frame containing a scrambler seed; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices.

Example 10 may include the method of Example 9 and / or another example herein, wherein the scrambler seed may be included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame.

Example 11 may include the method of Example 9 and / or another example herein, wherein a data portion of the EHT frame can be duplicated if the data portion has the scrambling seed.

Example 12 may include apparatus including means for: determining an Extreme High Throughput (EHT) frame containing a scrambler seed; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices.

Example 13 may include the apparatus of Example 12 and / or another example herein, wherein the scrambler seed may be included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame.

Example 14 may include the apparatus of Example 12 and / or another example herein, wherein a data portion of the EHT frame can be duplicated if the data portion has the scrambling seed.

Example 15 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing instructions to cause an electronic device, when the instructions are executed by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in any of Examples 1 -14 or is related to it, or any other method or process described herein.

Example 16 may include apparatus that includes logic, modules, and / or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of Examples 1-14, or any other method described herein or any other process.

Example 17 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of Examples 1-14, or portions or portions thereof.

Example 18 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media containing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method to carry out the technique or process as described in or associated with any of Examples 1-14, or parts thereof.

Example 19 may include a method of communicating on a wireless network as shown and described herein.

Example 20 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

Example 21 may include an apparatus for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

Example 22 may include circuitry coupled to memory, the circuitry configured to: determine an extremely high throughput (EHT) frame containing a scrambler seed; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices, the scrambler seed included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame, or the scrambler seed in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second data portion of the EHT frame is included, the second data portion being a duplicate of the first data portion.

Example 23 may include a circuit from Example 22, wherein the preamble portion of the EHT frame has an EHT signaling field (EHT-SIG) containing the scrambler seed.

Example 24 can have a circuit of example 22, wherein the first data section of the EHT frame is an LDPC code word (Low-Density Parity Check Code).

Example 25 may have the circuitry of Example 22, wherein the EHT frame has a legacy preamble field, a common signaling field, an EHT-SIG field, an EHT training field, and a data field, the data field having the first data section and the having second data section.

Example 26 may be a device of an IEEE 802.11 communication terminal, the device having a radio frequency (RF) interface and the circuit from any of Examples 22 to 25.

Example 27 can be a device of an access point (AP) which is set up for operation in an IEEE 802.11 network, the device having the circuit from one of Examples 22 to 25.

Example 28 may be a device of an IEEE 802.11 communication terminal, the device having a radio frequency (RF) interface and one or more processors coupled to the RF interface and set up: determining an extremely high throughput frame ( EHT), which contains a scrambler seed; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices, the scrambler seed being present in a preamble portion of the EHT frame, or the scrambler seed being in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second Data part of the EHT frame is present, wherein the second data part is a duplicate of the first data part.

Example 29 may be a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores computer executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in operations including: determining an extremely high throughput frame (EHT) that is a scrambler -Seed contains; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices, the scrambler seed being present in a preamble portion of the EHT frame, or the scrambler seed being in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second Data part of the EHT frame is present, wherein the second data part is a duplicate of the first data part.

Example 30 may be the non-transitory computer readable medium of Example 29, wherein the preamble portion of the EHT frame has an EHT signaling field (EHT-SIG) containing the scrambler seed.

Example 31 may be the non-transitory computer-readable medium of Example 29, where the first data portion of the EHT frame is a low-density parity check code (LDPC).

Example 32 may be a method comprising: determining, by one or more processors, an Extreme High Throughput (EHT) frame having a scrambler seed; and causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device from one or more station devices, the scrambler seed being included in a preamble portion of the EHT frame, or the scrambler seed being included in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second Data portion of the EHT frame is included, wherein the second data portion is a duplicate of the first data portion.

Example 33 can be the method of Example 32, with the preamble portion of the EHT frame having an EHT Signaling Field (EHT-SIG) containing the scrambler seed.

Example 34 may be the method of Example 32, wherein the first data section and the second data section of the EHT frame are low density parity check code (LDPC) codewords.

Example 35 may be the method of Example 32 with the EHT frame a legacy preamble field, a common signaling field EHT-SIG field, an EHT training field and a data field, the data field having the first data section and the second data section.

Embodiments according to the disclosure are disclosed in particular in the appended claims, which are directed to a method, a storage medium, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein each feature mentioned according to any claim, e.g. method, is also mentioned in a different claim category, e.g. System that can be claimed. The dependencies or back references in the appended claims are selected for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter can also be claimed that results from a conscious reference back to the preceding claims (in particular multiple dependencies), so that any combination of claims and their features are disclosed and can be claimed independently of the dependencies selected in the appended claims. The claimable subject matter has not only the combination of features according to the appended claims, but also any other combination of features according to the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or any combination of other features according to the claims. In addition, each of the embodiments and features described or illustrated herein may be claimed in a separate claim and / or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or illustrated herein or with any of the features of the appended claims.

The foregoing description of one or more embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or can be gained from practicing various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, devices, and / or computer program products according to various implementations. It should be understood that one or more blocks of the block and flow diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the block and flow diagrams, respectively, can be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts may not necessarily be executed in the order shown, or may not be executed at all, in accordance with some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions can be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other specific machine, processor or other programmable data processing device to create a specific machine so that the instructions executed on the computer, processor or other programmable data processing device, Provide means for implementing one or more of the functions indicated in the block or blocks of the flowchart. These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium generate an article of manufacture having instruction means that include a or implement more of the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. According to one example, certain implementations may provide a computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having implemented therein computer readable program code or program instructions, the computer readable program code being adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions defined in the Flowchart block or the flowchart blocks are specified. The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device in order to generate a computer-implemented process such that the instructions, that are executed on the computer or other programmable device, elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks are provided.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow charts support combinations of means for executing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for executing the specified functions, and program instruction means for executing the specified functions. It is also to be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowcharts and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowcharts can be implemented by special hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps or combinations of special hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional expressions such as For example, unless expressly stated otherwise or understood differently in the context, “may”, “could”, “could” or “may” are generally intended to convey that certain implementations may have certain features, elements, and / or operations while others Implementations do not have these. Therefore, in general, such conditional language is not intended to imply that features, elements, and / or operations are required in any way for one or more implementations, or that one or more implementations necessarily have logic to decide with or without user input or prompting whether those features, elements, and / or operations are included or intended to be performed in a particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind when given the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the accompanying drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be made within the scope of the appended claims. While specific terms are used herein, they are used in a general and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 62/982422 [0001]

Claims (10)

A circuit, wherein the circuit is coupled to a memory, wherein the circuit is configured: determine an extremely high throughput (EHT) frame that has a scrambler seed; and cause the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices, wherein the scrambler seed is identified in a preamble part of the EHT frame, or wherein the scrambler seed is indicated in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second data portion of the EHT frame, the second data portion being a duplicate of the first data portion; wherein optionally the preamble part of the EHT frame has an EHT signaling field (EHT-SIG) which contains the scrambler seed. The circuit according to Claim 1 wherein the first data section of the EHT frame is an LDPC code word (Low-Density Parity Check Code); and / or wherein the EHT frame has a legacy preamble field, a common signaling field, an EHT-SIG field, an EHT training field and a data field, the data field having the first data section and the second data section. Device of an IEEE 802.11 communication terminal, the device having a radio frequency (RF) interface and the circuit according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 having. A device of an access point (AP) which is set up for operation in an IEEE 802.11 network, the device comprising the circuit according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 having. Device of an IEEE 802.11 communication terminal, the device having a radio frequency (RF) interface and one or more processors which are coupled to the RF interface and set up: determine an extremely high throughput (EHT) frame that has a scrambler seed; and cause the EHT frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices, wherein the scrambler seed is identified in a preamble part of the EHT frame, or wherein the scrambler seed is indicated in a first data portion of the EHT frame and a second data portion of the EHT frame, the second data portion being a duplicate of the first data portion. A non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in operations including: Determining an extremely high throughput frame (EHT) having a scrambler seed; and Causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station facility from one or more station facilities, wherein the scrambler seed is identified in a preamble part of the EHT frame, or wherein the scrambler seed is present in a first data section of the EHT frame and a second data section of the EHT frame, the second data section being a duplicate of the first data section. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to Claim 6 wherein the preamble portion of the EHT frame comprises an EHT signaling field (EHT-SIG) containing the scrambler seed; and / or wherein the first data section of the EHT frame is an LDPC code word (Low-Density Parity Check Code). A method that comprises: Determining, by one or more processors, an extremely high throughput frame (EHT) that has a scrambler seed; and Causing the EHT frame to be sent to a first station facility from one or more station facilities, wherein the scrambler seed is identified in a preamble part of the EHT frame, or wherein the scrambler seed comprises a first data section of the EHT frame and a second data section of the EHT frame, the second data section being a duplicate of the first data section. Procedure according to Claim 8 , wherein the preamble part of the EHT frame comprises an EHT signaling field (EHT-SIG) containing the scrambler seed. The method according to one of the Claims 8 or 9 wherein the first data section and the second data section of the EHT frame are LDPC code words (Low-Density Parity Check Code); and / or wherein the EHT frame has a legacy preamble field, a common signaling field, an EHT-SIG field, an EHT training field and a data field, wherein the data field comprises the first data section and the second data section.

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