DE102020120895A1 - Shaped body and method for producing a shaped body - Google Patents

Abstract

Shaped body (1), comprising a first component made of a cement-based composite material (3), the first component having a layered structure with at least two layers (2), a second component made of a reinforcement structure (4), integrated in the first component, wherein the second component consists of at least one fiber or at least one wire (5) per layer, the at least one wire or the at least one fiber having at least one loop (6) which protrudes into a second layer directly adjacent to the layer and there the loop is penetrated at least once by another fiber or wire.

Description

The invention relates to a shaped body and a method for producing a shaped body according to the first and eighth patent claims.

The aforementioned shaped body comprises a first component made of a cement-based composite material, preferably concrete, and a second component made of a reinforcement structure, preferably structural steel, incorporated in the first component. Such moldings are used in prefabricated concrete parts, buildings and other concrete structures with reinforcement and have been the general state of the art for a long time. Conventional methods for producing such a shaped body use a casting mold or formwork, into which the reinforcement structure is first placed, which in turn is then filled with the cement-based composite material and hardens in the casting mold or formwork, incorporating the reinforcement structure.

Technologies for the additive manufacturing of such shaped bodies are comparatively new. For this purpose, concrete components or building parts are built up in layers, with a pre-mixed concrete material being applied to a preceding layer by means of a concrete printing machine along a printing route and setting on this. The concrete printing machine includes a concrete injection unit. The first layer of an additive manufacturing operation is placed either on a foundation or other substrate to which the first layer will bond (e.g. in house construction) or on a floor slab, with no required bonding to the first layer (e.g. in industrial fabrication of prefabricated components from concrete), applied. The printing route is usually traversed several times until the shaped body is completed, with the height of the concrete injection unit being tracked as progress is made in such a way that the distance from the previous layer to be printed is kept as constant as possible. A layer applied additively by means of concrete pressure preferably sets before the application of subsequent layers, and preferably it also hardens. It differs in this respect in particular from conventional cast concrete. Connection elements carried along with the concrete injection unit are optional and particularly useful in the additive manufacturing of shaped bodies with precisely limited lateral expansion such as walls, parapets or prefabricated components. As soon as the applied concrete sets, these are removed or pushed further according to the direction of pressure.

In a mobile application, the concrete pressure machine with concrete injection unit is preferably formed by a mobile concrete pump, with which concrete is pumped from the concrete mixer directly to the point of use. It typically includes a concrete source for delivering and pumping the concrete, and movable piping. The outlet of the pipeline is positioned or moved directly over the injection site via a manipulator arrangement. In an additive manufacturing with concrete, the injection point is routed serially via the printing route, which requires special requirements in terms of precision. In the DE 20 2019 004 672 U1 a device for compensating for multidimensional fluctuations of a car pump placing boom in additive component production in concrete 3D printing is proposed as an example. In an industrial production of precast components, the concrete injection unit is integrated, for example, on a fully automatic portal robot, which together form the concrete printing machine.

Known reinforcement layers (mats or rods) are used as reinforcement for concrete pressure, which are laid on the substrate, i.e. either on the previous layer or the substrate to be coated, before each production of a new layer and preferably bound by this new layer.

In the WO 2019/092178 A1 a reinforcement of 3D-printed concrete moldings is proposed, in which reinforcement elements such as needle elements are used in addition to the aforementioned reinforcement layers, which bridge each other at least over two layers lying on top of each other and thus additionally connect with each other in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, a needle-head tool is moved over the fresh concrete layer immediately after a printing process, whereby needle-shaped reinforcement elements are inserted from a magazine through several concrete layers. To prevent the freshly printed concrete layer from tearing open, the needles are pushed in against the direction of pressure and at a constant speed, with scraper plates on the side of the needle head tool preventing deformation of the fresh concrete layer during insertion of the reinforcement elements transverse to the direction of pressure.

Also in the WO 2019/092178 A1 there are needle-shaped reinforcement anchors, which are introduced as part of an industrial precast production by means of concrete pressure. The reinforcement anchors penetrate at least three layers arranged one above the other.

Also in the WO 2019/092162 A1 a corresponding method for the integration of reinforcement elements extending over two layers is proposed. After printing a layer, the reinforcement elements are only partially pressed into it using a tool, eg a guide pin, with part of the reinforcement elements protruding beyond the surface of the layer and being integrated into the following layer when it is printed. Elongated loop elements made of a rigid material such as steel, alternatively made of a high-tensile, flexible material such as Kevlar, serve as reinforcement elements. Furthermore, what are known as reinforcement strands made from a series of reinforcement elements are proposed, which extend over several layers and in which reinforcements projecting into a layer overlap on both sides.

Proceeding from this, an object of the invention is to propose a shaped body that can be produced by means of concrete pressure and has a reinforcement with improved properties. In particular, the reinforcement should extend over several layers and be characterized by an improved form-fitting integration into the concrete.

Furthermore, a method for producing the shaped body with this reinforcement is to be proposed.

The object is achieved with a shaped body and a method according to claims 1 and 8, respectively. Subclaims referring back to this reflect advantageous embodiments.

The basic idea of the solution is to integrate a reinforcement structure that bridges the respective adjacent layers with reinforcement elements integrated in layers into a shaped body that can preferably be produced in layers, more preferably in a 3D printing process, in such a way that the reinforcement elements interlock, hook or are woven together. The shaped body is built up in layers, with the reinforcement elements of the reinforcement structure being placed and integrated with the layers. The reinforcement elements of a layer preferably form a reinforcement strand. A part of the reinforcement structure of a layer protrudes into the area of the layer to be applied after it has been integrated into this layer. After a layer has been applied, these parts of the reinforcement structure are then exposed over the layer surface (at the same time the bearing surface for the subsequent layer), so that they are absorbed by the reinforcement elements of the subsequent layer and can be positively connected to them, preferably by means of hooking or weaving. In this way, a reinforcement structure with interlocking reinforcement elements advantageously extends over all layers in the molded body.

The solution to the problem is therefore based on a molded body comprising a first component made of a cement-based composite material, the first component having a layered structure with at least two layers, and a second component made of a reinforcement structure, integrated in the first component, the second component consists of at least one fiber or at least one wire per layer. The at least two layers include a first layer and a second layer coated on the first layer.

The layered structure of the shaped body preferably corresponds to the layered structure of a 3D concrete print.

A feature of the solution is that the at least one wire or at least one fiber is integrated as a reinforcement element in the first layer, but partially, preferably as at least one loop, in the immediately adjacent to a first layer (and subsequently applied) protrudes into the second layer and there the loop is penetrated at least once by at least one further fiber or one further wire.

Preferably, a loop exposed over a layer surface is penetrated exactly twice by the at least one fiber or the at least one wire of the reinforcement element of the subsequent (second) layer, forming a further loop. This further loop thus extends through said exposed loop and out of the layer surface of said subsequent second layer. It then in turn forms a loop exposed from the second layer in the aforementioned manner and thus an anchor point for a reinforcement element of a further layer applied over the subsequent second layer.

The cement-based composite material is preferably a pressure-capable concrete, preferably a rapidly setting concrete with a profile of mechanical properties similar to that of conventional concrete materials, but which is more preferably characterized by good pumpability, long retention of consistency, high thixotropy and rapid setting. It is particularly important that the green strength of the fresh concrete can be quickly achieved, which is responsible for the rapid dimensional stability of the concrete after it has been printed and before it hardens. However, this must not affect the processability and pumpability in the fresh state very restrict. A high level of green strength is preferably obtained by using crushed (instead of, for example, ground) aggregates, a higher proportion of setting accelerators and stabilizers and a more economical use of superplasticizers in the fresh concrete (compared to conventional concrete in each case). The interaction of the two aforementioned components of the shaped body also makes a not inconsiderable contribution, ie in particular how well and quickly the solid aggregates in the fresh concrete interlock (positively) with the second component or (materially) connect.

Within the scope of the invention, the at least one fiber or this at least one wire also includes a single fiber or wire, bundles or strands made from a number of fibers and/or wires as well as braids or woven mats made from a number of fibers and/or wires. The at least one fiber or the at least one wire of the second component is preferably present as at least one strand. The at least one fiber or the at least one wire is preferably branch-free, which in particular considerably facilitates the aforementioned pulling of a wire or fiber loop into an existing loop exposed from a layer surface.

Each of the at least one fiber or the at least one wire preferably has at least one loop which can be gripped and connected in the aforementioned manner by the at least one reinforcement element of the respectively subsequently applied layer. The reinforcement elements of a layer form a reinforcement strand which, more preferably, completely penetrates the shaped body over the extent of the layer encasing the reinforcement strand (apart from the exposed loops or other exposed parts of the reinforcement that are not integrated in the respective layer).

The layers are preferably applied in a line, with a single wire or a single fiber or a single wire or fiber strand or a single wire or fiber bundle being provided as the reinforcement element and reinforcement strand per layer. The reinforcement strand is positioned over the printing surface before the binding layer is printed and the exposed loops present there are bent and/or pulled to form new loops and bound in a further step by the first component made of a cement-based composite material with the printing. The reinforcement strand is preferably provided, for example, by the meter from the roll or from the bar and is preferably cut to length immediately before the end of the printing of a layer, so that the end of the reinforcement strand is preferably completely bound by the layer.

In a starting layer, i.e. in a first printed, preferably bottom layer of a shaped body, due to the lack of a previously printed layer with reinforcement underneath, no tabs protrude into the print area that could be grasped and connected by the reinforcement shank. On the other hand, however, loops or other parts of the reinforcement that are exposed from the layer are preferably provided in the reinforcement strand or the reinforcement elements of the starting layer, which are accommodated by reinforcement elements of the subsequently printed layer.

Likewise, in the case of final printed cover layers of a shaped body, the parts of the reinforcement protruding beyond the cover layer are dispensed with.

A reinforcement strand or reinforcement elements of a printed layer extends over the layer and preferably only an adjacent layer, namely the subsequently applied layer. This preferably applies to all layers, with the exception of the aforementioned top layer.

The layers of the shaped body are preferably flat. The layers of the shaped body are preferably arranged parallel to one another. At least some of the layers, preferably all of the layers, preferably extend laterally over the respective entire cross section of the shaped body.

• - Bereitstellung eines zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoffs und einer 3D-Betondruckmaschine hierfür sowie mindestens einer Faser oder mindestens einem Draht wie vorgenannt definiert und eines mechanischen Manipulators hierfür.
• - Ausrichten der 3D-Betondruckmaschine auf eine erste Druckroute. Hier wird vorzugsweise ein Startpunkt an einem Ende der zu druckenden Schicht angefahren. Bei breiten Schichten (Schicht ist lateral breiter als die sog. Druckraupe, d.h. eine Drucklage, in ihrer Breite erstreckend um eine Druckroute) werden vorzugsweise mehrere Druckrouten parallel vorgesehen. Alternativ erstreckt sich eine Druckroute in zwei lateralen Freiheitsgraden wie z.B. schlangenförmig über ein Hin- und Herleiten oder in einer meanderförmigen Ausgestaltung über die gesamte laterale Ausdehnung der breiten Schicht.
• - Einlegen und Ausrichten zumindest einer ersten der mindestens einen Faser oder des mindestens einen Drahts entlang der (ersten) Druckroute. Die erfolgt vorzugsweise vor Beginn des Druckes, wobei die Ausrichtung, insbesondere das Biegen und Einhängen der Schlaufen weiter bevorzugt wie nachfolgend beschrieben erst unmittelbar vor dem Druckvorgang durch den Manipulator erfolgt.
• - Drucken einer ersten Schicht aus dem zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoff mit der 3D-Betondruckmaschine entlang der ersten Druckroute, wobei der (mit den Druckraupen) gedruckte zementbasierte Verbundwerkstoff die mindestens eine erste Faser oder den mindestens einen ersten Draht zumindest teilweise mit einschließt, zuvor an mindestens einer Stelle durch den Manipulator mindestens eine erste Schlaufe in die mindestens eine erste Faser oder des mindestens einen ersten Draht eingebogen wird und die mindestens eine erste Schlaufe zumindest teilweise aus dem gedruckten zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoff hinausragt.

The solution to the problem is also based on a method for producing an aforementioned shaped body, comprising the following method steps:

• - Provision of a cement-based composite material and a 3D concrete printing machine therefor and at least one fiber or at least one wire as defined above and a mechanical manipulator therefor.
• - Aligning the 3D concrete printing machine to a first print route. A starting point at one end of the layer to be printed is preferably approached here. In the case of wide layers (layer is laterally wider than what is known as the printing bead, ie a printing layer extending in width around a printing route), a plurality of printing routes are preferably provided in parallel. Alternatively, a pressure route extends in two lateral degrees of freedom, such as, for example, in a serpentine manner via back and forth routing or in a meandering configuration via the total lateral extent of the broad layer.
• - Inserting and aligning at least a first of the at least one fiber or the at least one wire along the (first) printing route. This preferably takes place before the start of printing, with the alignment, in particular the bending and hanging in of the loops more preferably, as described below, only taking place immediately before the printing process by the manipulator.
• - Printing a first layer of the cement-based composite material with the 3D concrete printing machine along the first printing route, wherein the cement-based composite material printed (with the printing beads) at least partially includes the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire, previously at least one location at least one first loop is bent into the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire by the manipulator and the at least one first loop protrudes at least partially from the printed cement-based composite material.

• - Ausrichten der 3D-Betondruckmaschine auf eine zweite Druckroute über der ersten Schicht an der mindestens einen ersten Schlaufe vorbei. Die Druckrouten sind folglich so vorzusehen, dass die auf diese nachfolgend ausgerichteten Bewehrungselemente, d.h. der mindestens einen Faser oder des mindestens einen Drahts, an den unter der darunter liegenden Schicht exponierten Schlaufen vorbeigeführt werden.
• - Einlegen und Ausrichten einer nächst folgenden der mindestens einen Faser oder des nächst folgenden mindestens einen Drahts entlang der zweiten Druckroute, an vorzugsweise allen an den unter der darunter liegenden Schicht exponierten Schlaufen vorbei.
• - Drucken einer nächst folgenden Schicht aus dem zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoff mit der 3D-Betondruckmaschine auf die erste Schicht entlang der nächst folgenden Druckroute (oder Druckrouten), wobei der gedruckte zementbasierte Verbundwerkstoff (d.h. die Druckraupe) die nächst folgende der mindestens einen Faser oder den nächst folgenden mindestens einen Draht zumindest teilweise mit einschließt, wobei jene bzw. jener zuvor durch jede erste Schlaufe mit dem Manipulator die nächst folgende der mindestens einen Faser oder den nächst folgenden mindestens einen Draht unter Bildung jeweils einer nächst folgenden Schlaufe eingezogen wird und wobei die mindestens eine nächst folgenden Schlaufe zumindest teilweise aus dem gedruckten zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoff der nächst folgenden Schicht hinausragt. Es entsteht somit eine neue Schichtoberfläche mit exponierten Schlaufen, geeignet für die mechanische Anbindung von Bewehrungselementen der nachfolgend aufdruckbaren Schicht.

Further subsequent process steps are also proposed. A preferred method design provides for a repetition of these method steps subsumed below, with the first layer, the first printing route and the first loops being replaced by the previously arranged layer, the previously arranged printing route or the previously arranged loops:

• - Aligning the 3D concrete printing machine to a second printing route over the first layer past the at least one first loop. Consequently, the pressure routes are to be provided in such a way that the reinforcement elements which are subsequently aligned thereon, ie the at least one fiber or the at least one wire, are guided past the loops exposed under the underlying layer.
• - Laying in and aligning a next following one of the at least one fiber or wire along the second printing route, preferably past all the loops exposed under the underlying layer.
• - Printing a next following layer of the cement-based composite material with the 3D concrete printing machine onto the first layer along the next following printing route (or printing routes), whereby the printed cement-based composite material (i.e. the printing bead) is the next following one of the at least one fiber or fibers at least partially encloses at least one wire, with the former pulling the next following one of the at least one fiber or the next following at least one wire through each first loop with the manipulator, each forming a next following loop, and wherein the at least one next following loop protrudes at least partially from the printed cement-based composite material of the next following layer. This creates a new layer surface with exposed loops, suitable for the mechanical connection of reinforcement elements of the subsequently printable layer.

In the methods mentioned, the first and next printing route preferably run parallel one above the other.

For processes, the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire is preferably provided as a continuous fiber, wire or strand and is cut to length for process purposes after a printing process, i.e. when the end of a printing route is reached.

As described above, when printing a starting layer, i.e. in a preferably lowermost layer of a shaped body that is printed first, no exposed loops have to be integrated because they do not exist. In this respect, when printing the start layer, there is no need to thread the at least one fiber or at least one wire through the loop, but not the formation of at least one new loop from the wire or fiber mentioned by the manipulator, which is then exposed from the printed start layer for the connection a subsequently printed layer is available.

Likewise, when printing a final printed cover layer, the formation of parts of the reinforcement that protrude beyond the cover layer, i.e. the loops, is dispensed with. Although these are preferably bent by the manipulator during threading into the loops of the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire exposed from the previous layer, they are then completely integrated in the cover layer.

• 1a und b schematische Ansichten zur Veranschaulichung der Struktur des Formköpers und des Verfahrens anhand eines Ausschnitts aus dem Formkörper über drei übereinander angeordneten Schichten,
• 2 einen Querschnitt der in 1a und b dargestellten Ausschnitte zusammen mit einer Betoninjektionseinheit einer 3D-Betondurckmaschine sowie
• 3a und b beispielhafte Querschnitte einer Startschicht (a) und einer Deckschicht eines Formkörpers.

The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment, the following figures and descriptions. All of the features shown and their combinations are not just limited to these exemplary embodiments and their configurations. Rather, these should be representative of other possible, but not explicitly as execution tion examples shown further configurations can be combined. Show it

• 1a and b schematic views to illustrate the structure of the shaped body and the method using a section from the shaped body over three layers arranged one on top of the other,
• 2 a cross section of the in 1a and b shown excerpts together with a concrete injection unit of a 3D concrete pressure machine and
• 3a and b exemplary cross sections of a starting layer (a) and a cover layer of a shaped body.

The shaped body 1 comprises in in 1a and b from two perspectives as well as in 2 shown in section, a plurality of layers 2 arranged one on top of the other. Three layers are indicated in each case in the section shown.

The layers consist of a cement-based composite material 3, in the example a 3D printable concrete, as the first component and a reinforcement structure 4 as the second component, integrated into the first component. In the example, the second component consists of one wire 5 per layer. The first component of the layers are for better visibility of the embedded reinforcement structure in the 1a and b partly cut away; the dashed lines represent the outlines of the partially cut layers.

In the section shown, the wires 5 each have three bent-in loops 6, which protrude through the layer surface 9 of each layer into the further layer immediately adjacent to the layer, in the example into the layer adjacent at the top, and there from one loop each of the wire of the reinforcement of this further layer is penetrated at least once. This structure is repeated up to the top layer, whereby the loops of the reinforcement of the top layer do not protrude from the top layer, but are preferably completely integrated by the top layer (cf. 3b) . In the 1a The layers shown in b and b and 2 consequently do not include a cover layer of the shaped body.

Furthermore are in 1a and b and 2 show the gripping and guiding tools of a mechanical manipulator. As shown, these include at least a guide fork 7 and a pulling hook 8. 2 FIG. 12 also shows schematically a concrete injection unit 10 that can be positioned and moved over the still uncoated layer surface 9 and the reinforcement elements arranged above it, as part of a 3D concrete printing machine, with the concrete exit being shown schematically with an arrow.

The guide fork 7 is pushed from above over the wire 5 of the reinforcement, which has not yet been integrated into the cement-based composite material, and fixed or guides it over the layer surface 9 arranged underneath along a predeterminable pressure route. As in 1a and b and 2 clearly shown, the pulling hook 8 then grips the wire 5 fixed by the guide fork through the loop 6 of the layer arranged under the layer surface 9 and pulls it through the aforementioned loop 6, forming a new loop 11 at least as far upwards that at least part of this new loop protrudes beyond the layer 12 to be subsequently printed around the wire. After this new loop 11 has been bent, the guide fork is released and pushed back onto the wire at a new position between the new loop 11 and the next loop 13 protruding from the layer surface ( 2 ). It then guides and fixes the wire there, while the pulling hook 8 pulls the wire upwards through the next loop 13 as mentioned above.

2 shows the printing process schematically. The printing process is carried out by the concrete injection unit 10 as part of a 3D concrete printing machine, which follows the guide fork 7 over the surface 9 and the wire 5, thereby printing the layer over the previously bent new loops 11 extending. The feed movement preferably runs step by step, with the wire being tied in with at least one new loop in each step. 2 14 shows the freshly applied concrete 14. To prevent the freshly applied concrete from running off, it is optionally proposed to design the guide fork as a concrete flow barrier at the same time, which limits the pouring of concrete in a section. It is further proposed that the injector 10 perform each of these incremental injections at one position and be raised over the exposed loops in a procedure to the next position. Alternatively, the injection device can be designed to be elastic or with passage openings for driving over the exposed loops.

3a Figure 12 shows a cross-section of a starting layer 15. During production, it is proposed to provide the reinforcement structure as a pre-bent wire over the bottom surface 16 and either serially step by step as mentioned above with a guide fork 7 and an injection device 10 or as a whole by casting concrete (reinforcement element ment is held over the exposed loops 6).

3b 17, on the other hand, shows a cross section of a cover layer 17 of a molded body, in which the loops 6 of the wire 5 of the reinforcement structure 4 are bent flatter in the aforementioned manner and thus do not protrude from the layer surface 9 after the cover layer has been printed.

• - Eine Schlaufe einer Schicht wird (nach oben hin orientiert) durch die Faser oder Draht eingebunden, der oder die unmittelbar darüber in der darüber angeordneten Schicht vorgesehen ist (vgl. 1a, 1b und 2).
• - Eine Schlaufe einer Schicht wird durch die Faser oder Draht eingebunden, der oder die zwar darüber, aber versetzt (d.h. diagonal) in der darüber angeordneten Schicht vorgesehen ist.
• - Eine Schlaufe einer Schicht wird (seitlich) in die benachbarte Schlaufe der benachbarten Faser oder Draht derselben Schicht eingebogen. Dies bietet sich insbesondere bei der Deckschicht (vgl. 3b) an, bei der grundsätzlich alle Schlaufen flach zu einer benachbarten Schlaufe hin biegbar sind.
• - Eine Schlaufe wird von mehreren benachbarten Schlaufen angebunden, wobei die Schlaufe zunächst in eine erste benachbarte Schlaufe (z.B. nach oben, diagonal oder seitlich, wie zuvor genannt) und von dort zurück zum Ausgangspunkt und von dort oder direkt von der ersten Schlaufe in eine andere Richtung in eine zweite Schlaufe eingebogen wird.

Not shown explicitly with any figure, but within the scope of the invention, is an embodiment in which more than one fiber or wire per layer are preferably arranged in parallel next to one another. This configuration of the layer is preferably so wide that it cannot be satisfactorily reinforced with a single fiber or wire. To produce the layer, either a wider print on one print route or multiple print steps on multiple print routes, preferably parallel to one another, are required. Preferably, the fibers or wires of adjacent layers are placed directly on top of each other. As previously mentioned, the aforementioned loops are preferably pulled through an existing loop during production and aligned in at least one direction. They are then designed in such a way that they interlock in the aforementioned way and form a starting point for at least one subsequent loop, specifically for the embodiment in the following special configurations:

• - A loop of a layer is bound (oriented upwards) by the fiber or wire provided immediately above it in the layer above (cf. 1a , 1b and 2 ).
• A loop of a layer is bound by the fiber or wire provided above but offset (ie diagonally) in the layer above.
• - A loop of one layer is bent (laterally) into the adjacent loop of the adjacent fiber or wire of the same layer. This is particularly useful for the top layer (cf. 3b) in which, in principle, all loops can be bent flat to an adjacent loop.
• - A loop is tied off from several adjacent loops, the loop first going into a first adjacent loop (e.g. up, diagonally or sideways as mentioned before) and from there back to the starting point and from there or directly from the first loop into another Direction is bent into a second loop.

Reference List

1

molding

2

layer

3

cement-based composite material

4

reinforcement structure

5

wire

6

loop

7

guide fork

8th

pulling hook

9

layer surface

10

concrete injection unit

11

New loop

12

layer to be printed

13

next loop

14

freshly laid concrete

15

starting shift

16

floor space

17

top layer

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 202019004672 U1 [0004]
• WO 2019/092178 A1 [0006, 0007]
• WO 2019/092162 A1 [0008]

Claims (12)

Shaped body (1), comprising a) a first component made of a cement-based composite material (3), the first component having a layered structure with at least two layers (2), b) a second component made of a reinforcement structure (4), integrated in the first component, wherein the second component consists of at least one fiber or at least one wire (5) per layer, characterized in that c) the at least one wire or at least one fiber has at least one loop (6), which in each case has a second layer immediately adjacent to the layer and there the loop is penetrated at least once by a further fiber or a further wire. Shaped body claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one fiber or at least one wire (5) of the second component is present as at least one strand. Shaped body claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the additional fiber or the additional wire (5) penetrates the at least one loop (6) in the second layer exactly twice, thereby forming a loop which in turn protrudes into a subsequent further layer immediately adjacent to the second layer. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cement-based composite material (3) is a pressure-capable concrete and the at least one fiber or the at least one wire (5) is branch-free. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the at least one fiber or the at least one wire (5) has at least one loop (6) and in each case forms a reinforcement strand which penetrates the shaped body over the extent of the enveloping layer. Shaped body claim 5 , characterized in that the reinforcement strand completely penetrates the shaped body (1) over the extent of the enveloping layer. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layered structure corresponds to the layered structure of a 3D concrete print. Method for producing a shaped body (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following method steps: a) Provision of a cement-based composite material (3) and a 3D concrete printing machine (9) for this and at least one fiber or at least one wire (5) and a mechanical manipulator (7, 8) for this, b) aligning the 3D concrete printing machine to a first printing route, c) inserting and aligning at least a first of the at least one fiber or the at least one wire (5) along the first printing route, d) printing a first layer of the cement-based composite material (3) with the 3D concrete printing machine along the first printing route, e) wherein the printed cement-based composite material at least partially includes the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire (5), f) wherein at least one first loop (6) is previously bent into the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire at at least one point by the manipulator and g) wherein the at least one first loop at least partially protrudes from the printed cement-based composite material. procedure after claim 8 , comprising the following further downstream method steps: h) aligning the 3D concrete printing machine on a second printing route over the first layer past the at least one first loop, i) inserting and aligning a next-following one of the at least one fibers or the next-following at least one Wire along the second printing route, j) printing a next following layer of the cement-based composite material with the 3D concrete printing machine on the first layer along the next following printing route, k) wherein the printed cement-based composite material is the next following one of the at least one fiber or the next following at least one wire at least partially, 1) whereby the next following of the at least one fiber or the next following at least one wire is pulled through each first loop with the manipulator to form a next following loop and m) wherein the at least one next hst the following loop protrudes at least partially from the printed cement-based composite material of the next following layer. procedure after claim 9 , characterized by a repetition of method steps h) to m), wherein the first layer, the first printing route and the first loops are replaced by the previously arranged layer, the previously arranged printing route or the previously arranged loops. Procedure according to one of Claims 8 until 10 , characterized in that the first and next following printing routes run parallel one above the other. Procedure according to one of Claims 8 until 11 , characterized in that the at least one first fiber or the at least one first wire is provided as a continuous fiber, wire or strand and is cut to length after printing for process purposes.

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