DE102020115302A1 - Machine tool and method for operating a machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

In a machine tool comprising a machine frame, a workpiece spindle unit arranged on the machine frame with a workpiece spindle driven by a spindle drive around a spindle axis, in which a workpiece is held rotatably about the spindle axis, and at least one tool spindle unit arranged on the machine frame with a tool spindle unit a tool spindle axis rotatingly driven tool, wherein the workpiece spindle unit and the tool spindle unit are driven in a controlled manner by means of a machine control and can be moved relative to one another at least in the direction of a Z-axis, in the most efficient way possible to produce recess structures in the workpiece that are variable in terms of shape and course, is proposed, that for the production of at least one continuous, continuous recess structure on the workpiece d The rotating tool has at least one cutting edge that runs around the tool spindle axis and is located radially on the outside and is effective on the outside.

Description

The invention relates to a machine tool comprising a machine frame, a workpiece spindle unit arranged on the machine frame with a workpiece spindle driven by a spindle drive about the spindle axis, in which a workpiece is rotatably received about the spindle axis, and at least one tool spindle unit arranged on the machine frame with a tool spindle unit tool rotating about the tool spindle axis, the workpiece spindle unit and the tool spindle unit being driven in a controlled manner by means of a machine control and being movable relative to one another at least in the direction of a Z-axis.

The invention is based on the object of producing indentation structures that are variable in shape and course in the workpiece in the most efficient way possible.

In a machine tool of the type described at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that, in order to produce at least one contiguous recess structure running around the workpiece spindle axis with a first profile component on the workpiece, the rotating tool has at least one radially outer and radially outer effective cutting edge that runs around the tool spindle axis having.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention can be seen in the fact that it can advantageously be used to create a recess structure running around the workpiece spindle axis and in the Z direction on the workpiece, which can be designed variably in terms of its cross-sectional shape and course.

The above-described basic principle of the solution according to the invention provides, in particular, circumferential speeds of the workpiece, such as are selected for conventional turning or machining of the material of the workpiece.

For this purpose, the peripheral speeds of the workpiece are preferably in the range of greater than 20 meters / minute, for example in the case of steel in the range from 100 to 200 m / minute or in the case of aluminum in the range from 300 to 400 m / minute.

With the basic concept of the invention, in principle only a rotation of tool and workpiece is conceivable, without a movement in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) to machine a workpiece surface.

A particularly advantageous solution provides that in order to produce the recess structure in such a way that it extends with a second profile component in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis, a relative movement takes place between the workpiece and the tool in the Z direction, so that at least one helix is located in the workpiece can produce running coherent recess structure.

For this purpose, the tool spindle axis of the rotating tool is preferably aligned skew to the workpiece spindle axis.

It is particularly favorable if the speed of the rotating tool and the speed of the workpiece are selected during the production of the recess structure so that the at least one cutting edge carries out cutting operations in the workpiece that generate a cutting engagement path that is around the workpiece spindle axis and in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis runs concave.

The basic cutting engagement path is the area of a cutting edge trajectory which, during a cutting engagement in the workpiece, runs within a circumferential surface of the workpiece with maximum penetration into the workpiece.

With cutting operations carried out in this way, the recess structure with a recess base with the lowest possible roughness can be produced in an advantageous manner.

Particularly low roughness of the recess base can be produced when the concave curvature of the cutting engagement base path has a radius of curvature that is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times, preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a recess base of the recess structure.

Such a curvature of the basic cutting engagement path can also be achieved in the production of a coherent recess structure, in particular, that the rotational speed of the workpiece is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular in the range of 0.9 to 1, 1 times, preferably in the range from 0.95 times to 1.05 times, even more preferably in the range from 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integral multiple of the speed of the rotating tool multiplied by the number of cutting edges of the rotating tool.

If several contiguous recess structures arranged one after the other in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis are produced at the same time, then such a curvature is to achieve the basic cutting engagement path in particular in that the speed of the workpiece corresponds approximately to the speed of the rotating tool multiplied by the number of cutting edges of the rotating tool and divided by the number of the multiple recess structures.

If several contiguous recess structures that follow one another in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis are produced at the same time, such a curved course of the cutting engagement base path can also be achieved by setting the rotational speed of the workpiece in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular in the range of 0 , 9 times to 1.1 times, preferably in the range of 0.95 times to 1.05 times, more preferably in the range of 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integral multiple of the speed of the rotating Tool multiplied by the number of cutting edges of the rotating tool and divided by the number of several recess structures.

The above-mentioned relationships between the selected speed of the workpiece, the speed of the rotating tool and the number of cutting edges and, if necessary, the number of recess structures, can be determined either by a rigid mechanical or electronic coupling of the drives for the rotating workpiece and reach the rotating tool, which ensure exact compliance with the relation.

Furthermore, such a curvature of the basic cutting engagement path can advantageously be produced by having a diameter of a cutting edge trajectory of the rotating tool in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times a diameter of the to reaching the deepening ground.

Furthermore, an advantageous solution provides that a speed of the workpiece is slightly higher or lower than an integral multiple of the speed of the tool multiplied by the number of its cutting edges.

Such a slight deviation in the rotational speed of the workpiece is preferably a maximum of 10%, preferably less than 5%, even better less than 1%.

With such a slight deviation in the rotational speed of the workpiece, it is advantageously achieved that when creating a coherent recess base of a recess structure by means of overlapping cutting operations, a subsequent cutting operation is offset by an angle with respect to the workpiece spindle axis with respect to the previous cutting operation, so that the recess structure is generated by successive cutting operations, which each have an angular offset relative to one another and as a result a coherent recess structure, which in particular runs around the workpiece, can be formed.

In order to reduce the roughness of the recess base, provision is made, for example, that the offset of the cutting engagements relative to one another is so small that at least 10, better at least 30, in particular at least 50 and preferably at least 100 in order to create a coherent recess base when wrapping around the workpiece by 360 ° Cutting operations are provided.

In the context of the invention, it is possible for the peripheral surface of the workpiece and the cutting edge engaging in this when producing the recess structure to move in the same direction.

An advantageous solution provides that a circumferential surface of the workpiece and the cutting edge engaging in this when creating the recess structure move in opposite directions in order to obtain the greatest possible relative movement when performing the cutting engagement and thus the highest possible cutting speed.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the rotating tool has several tool cutting edges. Such a rotating tool with a plurality of tool cutting edges can either be used to produce multiple recess structures in the workpiece or to machine the same recess structure in addition to the first cutting edge.

The tool cutting edges can be used on the rotating tool in the most varied of ways.

It is particularly advantageous if the several tool cutting edges are arranged around the workpiece spindle axis at identical angular distances from one another.

When working at high speeds of both the workpiece and the rotating tool, it is preferably provided that a cutting trajectory of the at least one tool cutting edge of the rotating tool lies in a plane that is in the area of the center plane of the recess structure, which is defined by a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis Cutting engagement for generating the recess structure looping around the workpiece is oriented at an acute angle, that is to say that the orientation the plane of the cutting edge trajectory of the rotating tool does not coincide with the center plane in the area of the cutting engagement for generating the recess structure wrapping around the workpiece.

This is advantageous so that an exactly defined shape of the recess structure can be achieved during the cutting engagement in the workpiece.

For this reason, it is particularly favorable if an amount of the acute angle in the range from 0.5 ° to 30 °, in particular 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably in the range from 0.5 ° to 10 ° and optionally in the range of 0.5 ° to 5 °, that is to say that the range for the acute angle allows a deviation from the mean slope both in a direction away from the central plane and in the opposite direction.

By determining the acute angle in this way, the deepening structures precisely shaped by the circumferential cutting edge and the rotating workpiece can be generated.

In particular, one embodiment of the machine tool according to the invention provides that, in order to generate the recess structure, the rotating tool is oriented around an axis parallel to the infeed direction relative to the Z axis coinciding with the workpiece spindle axis and, by means of the machine control, a relative movement between the at least in the direction of the Z axis Workpiece and the tool as well as an infeed movement in the direction of the infeed axis takes place.

In the simplest case, the rotating tool can be aligned around the axis parallel to the infeed direction by a manually adjustable alignment device, for example on a tool holder, or by a drive that is in particular position-regulated and controlled by the machine controller.

In particular, the above relative movements can be carried out in a position-regulated manner with the machine control according to the invention.

In addition, corrections of the alignment of the rotating tool relative to the workpiece, in particular also position-controlled, can also be carried out using other axes, for example using a Y-axis or a B-axis.

However, the solution according to the invention relates not only to the machining of a workpiece with a single rotating tool.

An advantageous solution, in particular improved in terms of efficiency, provides that a first rotating tool and a second rotating tool act on the workpiece to produce at least one contiguous recess structure.

The first and second rotating tools can be used in different ways.

One advantageous possibility provides that the first rotating tool generates a sub-area of a recess structure and the second rotating tool another sub-area of the same recess structure.

This allows the surface quality and also the geometrical relationships of the recess structure to be optimized.

It is particularly favorable, for example, if the first rotating tool carries out pre-processing and the second rotating tool carries out post-processing of the same recess structure.

As an alternative to this, it is conceivable that the first rotating tool generates a first side area viewed in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis and the second rotating tool generates a second side area of the same recess structure lying next to the first side in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis.

As an alternative to the case that the first rotating tool and the second rotating tool produce one and the same contiguous recess structure, a further advantageous solution provides that the first rotating tool is used to produce a first contiguous recess structure and the second rotating tool is used to produce a second contiguous recess structure offset in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis relative to the first recess structure acts on the workpiece.

Such processing is used in particular for the production of several adjacent recess structures, for example in the production of several recess structures representing threads, which can thereby be produced simultaneously and thus with high efficiency.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for operating a machine tool, comprising a workpiece spindle unit with a workpiece spindle driven by a spindle drive about a spindle axis, in which a workpiece is received rotatably about the spindle axis and at least one Tool spindle unit with a tool that is driven to rotate around a tool spindle axis by means of a tool drive, the workpiece spindle unit and the tool spindle unit being driven in a controlled manner by means of a machine control and being moved relative to one another in the direction of a Z-axis.

In order to efficiently produce indentation contours that are variable in terms of shape and course in the workpiece in such a method, the invention provides that, for producing at least one contiguous indentation structure running around the workpiece spindle axis with a first course component, the rotating tool at least one by the tool spindle axis has circumferential and a radially outer and radially outer effective cutting edge.

The advantage of this solution can be seen in the fact that it can advantageously be used to produce the recess structure on the workpiece, which can be designed to be variable in terms of its cross-sectional shape and course.

A particularly advantageous method provides that, in order to produce the recess structure in such a way that it extends with a second profile component in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis, a relative movement is carried out between the workpiece and the tool in the Z direction, so that at least one helical movement in the workpiece extending recess structure is formed.

For this purpose, the tool spindle axis of the rotating tool is preferably aligned skew to the workpiece spindle axis.

It is particularly favorable if the speed of the rotating tool and the speed of the workpiece are selected during the production of the recess structure so that the at least one cutting edge performs cutting operations in the workpiece that create a cutting engagement path that runs around the workpiece spindle axis and in the direction of the Workpiece spindle axis runs concavely curved.

Due to such a curved course of the cutting engagement base path, the roughness of the recess base can be minimized.

It is particularly favorable if the concave curvature of the cutting engagement base path has a radius of curvature that is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times, preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a recess base of the recess structure.

Furthermore, when creating a coherent recess structure, such a concavely curved course of the cutting engagement base path can also be achieved by setting the rotational speed of the workpiece in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 times, preferably in the range of 0.95 times to 1.05 times, even more preferably in the range of 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed of the rotating tool multiplied by the number corresponds to the cutting edge of the rotating tool.

If several contiguous recess structures that follow one another in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis are produced at the same time, such a curved course of the cutting engagement base path can also be achieved by setting the rotational speed of the workpiece in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular in the range of 0 , 9 times to 1.1 times, preferably in the range of 0.95 times to 1.05 times, more preferably in the range of 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integral multiple of the speed of the rotating Tool multiplied by the number of cutting edges of the rotating tool and divided by the number of several recess structures.

The above-mentioned relationships between the selected speed of the workpiece, the speed of the rotating tool and the number of cutting edges and, if necessary, the number of recess structures, can be determined either by a rigid mechanical or electronic coupling of the drives for the rotating workpiece and reach the rotating tool, which ensure exact compliance with the relation.

A further advantageous measure for generating such a concavely curved cutting engagement base path provides that a diameter of a cutting edge trajectory of the rotating tool is in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times a diameter of the reason for specialization to be achieved.

In addition, it is preferably provided that the speed of the workpiece is slightly higher or lower than an integer multiple of the speed of the workpiece multiplied by the number of its cutting edges, in order to ensure that successive cutting operations are offset relative to the previous cutting operations in the direction of rotation and thus the can produce coherent recess structure in a simple manner.

Such a slight deviation between the speed of the workpiece is preferably a maximum of 10%, preferably less than 5%, even better less than 1%, so that the desired angular offset of the successive cutting operations can be achieved due to such a slight deviation.

With such a slight deviation in the rotational speed of the workpiece, it is advantageously achieved that when creating a coherent recess base of a recess structure by means of overlapping cutting operations, a subsequent cutting operation is offset by an angle with respect to the workpiece spindle axis with respect to the previous cutting operation, so that the recess structure is generated by successive cutting operations, which each have an angular offset relative to one another and as a result a coherent recess structure, which in particular runs around the workpiece, can be formed.

In order to reduce the roughness of the recess base, provision is made, for example, that the offset of the cutting engagements relative to one another is so small that at least 10, better at least 30, in particular at least 50 and preferably at least 100 in order to create a coherent recess base when wrapping around the workpiece by 360 ° Cutting operations are provided.

In principle, within the scope of the invention, the movement of the cutting edge and the movement of the peripheral surface of the workpiece can run in the same direction.

However, it is particularly advantageous if a circumferential surface of the workpiece and the cutting edge engaging in this during the production of the recess structure move in opposite directions, since an advantageously high cutting speed can thus be achieved.

A further increase in efficiency can be achieved if the rotating tool has several tool cutting edges.

These several tool cutting edges are preferably arranged around the tool spindle axis at identical angles to one another.

In order to obtain a cutting engagement, especially at high speeds of the workpiece and the tool, which has an optimal course relative to the recess structure to be produced, it is provided that the cutting edge trajectory of the at least one cutting edge of the rotating tool lies in a plane which is relative to a through a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis defined central plane of the recess structure in the area of the cutting engagement for generating the recess structure wrapping around the workpiece is aligned at an acute angle.

This makes it possible to take into account the optimal shape of the recess structure.

It is particularly favorable if an amount of the acute angle, which specifies a deviation from the center plane, also in opposite directions, is in the range from 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably in the range from 0.5 ° to 10 ° and even more preferably in the range of 0 .5 ° to 5 °.

In addition, an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the rotating tool to be aligned around an axis parallel to the infeed direction relative to the Z axis coinciding with the workpiece spindle axis and a relative movement between the workpiece at least in the direction of the Z axis and the tool and an infeed movement is carried out in the direction of the infeed axis.

The necessary movements are preferably carried out in a position-controlled manner, with corrections in the direction of the Y-axis and the B-axis also preferably being made in a position-controlled manner for further corrections to the alignment of the rotating tool relative to the Z-axis coinciding with the workpiece spindle axis.

The method according to the invention is not limited to the use of a single rotating tool for machining the workpiece.

An advantageous solution provides that a first rotating tool and a second rotating tool act on the workpiece to produce at least one coherent recess structure.

A wide variety of variants are conceivable in this context.

In a variant it is provided that with the first rotating tool a partial area of a recess structure and with the second rotating tool another part of the same recess structure is generated.

For example, it is provided in this context that pre-machining is carried out with the first rotating tool and post-machining of the same recess structure is carried out with the second rotating tool, so that the processing options of the recess structure can be optimized as a result.

Another advantageous solution provides that with the first rotating tool a first side area seen in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis and with the second rotating tool a second side area of the same indentation structure lying next to the first side area in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis, so that the possibilities are created can be optimized for processing and thus for shaping the recess structure.

As an alternative to this, a further advantageous solution provides that the first rotating tool acts on the tool to produce a first contiguous recess structure and the second rotating tool acts on the tool to produce a second contiguous recess structure arranged offset relative to the first recess structure in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis.

In this way, two connected recess structures can be produced at the same time, thus optimizing the machining time for the workpiece.

1. 1. Werkzeugmaschine umfassend ein Maschinengestell (10), eine an dem Maschinengestell (10) angeordnete Werkstückspindeleinheit (40) mit einer durch einen Spindelantrieb um eine Spindelachse (46) angetriebenen Werkstückspindel (44), in welcher ein Werkstück (W) um die Spindelachse (46) drehbar aufgenommen ist, und mindestens eine an dem Maschinengestell (10) angeordnete Werkzeugspindeleinheit (90) mit einem mittels eines Werkzeugantriebs um eine Werkzeugspindelachse (96) rotierend angetriebenen Werkzeug (98), wobei die Werkstückspindeleinheit (40) und die Werkzeugspindeleinheit (90) mittels einer Maschinensteuerung (120) gesteuert angetrieben und relativ zueinander mindestens in Richtung einer Z-Achse bewegbar sind, wobei zur Herstellung mindestens einer mit einer ersten Verlaufskomponente um die Werkstückspindelachse (46) umlaufenden verlaufenden zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) an dem Werkstück (W) das rotierende Werkzeug (98) mindestens eine um die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) umlaufende und radial außenliegende sowie radial außenliegend wirksame Schneide (S1) aufweist.
2. 2. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 1, wobei zur Herstellung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) so, dass diese mit einer zweiten Verlaufskomponente sich in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) erstreckend verläuft, eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück (W) und dem Werkzeug (98) in Z-Richtung (Z) erfolgt.
3. 3. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 1 oder 2, wobei die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) windschief zur Werkstückspindelachse (46) des Werkstücks (W) ausgerichtet ist.
4. 4. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei die Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) und die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) bei der Herstellung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) so gewählt sind, dass die mindestens eine Schneide (S1) Schneideingriffe (SE) in das Werkstück (W) ausführt, die eine Schneideingriffsgrundbahn (SEG) erzeugen, die um die Werkstückspindelachse (46) und in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) konkav gekrümmt verläuft.
5. 5. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei die Krümmung der Schneideingriffsgrundbahn (SEG) einen Krümmungsradius aufweist, der maximal das 10-fache, insbesondere maximal das 5-fache, und vorzugsweise maximal das 3-fache eines Krümmungsradius eines Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) beträgt.
6. 6. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei bei der Erzeugung einer zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) im Bereich des 0,8-fachen bis 1,2-fachen, insbesondere des 0,9-fachen bis 1,1-fachen, vorzugsweise des 0,95-fachen bis 1,05-fachen oder noch bevorzugter des 0,97-fachen bis 1,03-fachen eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) multipliziert mit der Zahl der Schneiden (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) liegt.
7. 7. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei bei der gleichzeitigen Erzeugung von mehreren in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) aufeinanderfolgend angeordneten Vertiefungsstrukturen (V) die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) im Bereich des 0,8-fachen bis 1,2-fachen, insbesondere des 0,9-fachen bis 1,1-fachen, vorzugsweise des 0,95-fachen bis 1,05-fachen oder noch bevorzugter des 0,97-fachen bis 1,03-fachen eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) multipliziert mit der Zahl der Schneiden (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) und dividiert durch die Zahl der aufeinanderfolgend angeordneten Vertiefungsstrukturen (V) entspricht.
8. 8. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei ein Durchmesser einer Schneidenflugbahn (SF) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) im Bereich vom 60-fachen bis 0,1-fachen, insbesondere im Bereich vom 30-fachen bis 0,1-fachen, eines Durchmessers des zu erreichenden Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) liegt.
9. 9. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei zur Erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) bei einer Umschlingung des Werkstücks (W) mit einem Umschlingungswinkel von 360° mindestens 10, besser mindestens 30, insbesondere mindestens 50, Schneideingriffe (SE) erfolgen.
10. 10. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei sich eine Umfangsfläche (U) des Werkstücks (W) und die in diese bei der Erzeugung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) eingreifende Schneide (S1) gegenläufig zueinander bewegen.
11. 11. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei das rotierende Werkzeug (98) mehrere Werkzeugschneiden (S) aufweist.
12. 12. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 10, wobei die mehreren Werkzeugschneiden (S) um die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) herum in identischen Winkelabständen voneinander angeordnet sind.
13. 13. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei eine Schneidenflugbahn (SF) der mindestens einen Werkzeugschneide (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) in einer Ebene (SFE) liegt, die relativ zu einer durch eine mittlere Steigung bezüglich der Werkstückspindelachse (46) definierten Mittelebene (ME) der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) im Bereich des Schneideneingriffs (SE) zur Erzeugung der das Werkstück (W) umschlingenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) in einem spitzen Winkel (ε) ausgerichtet ist.
14. 14. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 13, wobei ein Betrag des spitzen Winkels (ε) im Bereich von 0,5° bis 30°, insbesondere 0,5° bis 20°, vorzugsweise 0,5° bis 10° und noch bevorzugter 0,5° bis 5° liegt.
15. 15. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei zur Erzeugung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) das rotierende Werkzeug (98) um eine zur Zustellachse (X) parallele Achse (A) relativ zur mit der Werkstückspindelachse (46) zusammenfallenden Z-Achse ausgerichtet ist und mittels der Maschinensteuerung (120) mindestens in Richtung der Z-Achse eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück (W) und dem Werkzeug (Z) sowie eine Zustellbewegung in Richtung der Zustellachse erfolgt.
16. 16. Werkzeugmaschine nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei ein erstes rotierendes Werkzeug (98₁ ) und ein zweites rotierendes Werkzeug (98₂ ) auf das Werkstück (W) zur Erzeugung mindestens einer zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) einwirken.
17. 17. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 16, wobei das erste rotierende Werkzeug (98₁ ) einen Teilbereich einer Vertiefungsstruktur (V) und das zweite rotierende Werkzeug (98₂ ) einen anderen Teilbereich derselben Vertiefungsstruktur (V) erzeugt.
18. 18. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 17, wobei das erste rotierende Werkzeug (98₁ ) eine Vorbearbeitung und das zweite rotierende Werkzeug eine Nachbearbeitung derselben Vertiefungsstruktur (V) ausführt.
19. 19. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 16 oder 17, wobei das erste rotierende Werkzeug (98₁ ) einen in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) gesehen ersten Seitenbereich und das zweite rotierende Werkzeug (98₂ ) einen in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) neben dem ersten Seitenbereich liegenden zweiten Seitenbereich derselben Vertiefungsstruktur erzeugt.
20. 20. Werkzeugmaschine nach Ausführungsform 15 oder 16, wobei das erste rotierende Werkzeug (98₁ ) zur Erzeugung einer ersten zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V₁) und das zweite rotierende Werkzeug zur Erzeugung einer zweiten zusammenhängenden und relativ zur ersten Vertiefungsstruktur (V₁) in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) versetzten Vertiefungsstruktur (V₂) auf das Werkstück (W) einwirkt.
21. 21. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Werkzeugmaschine, umfassend eine Werkstückspindeleinheit (40) mit einer durch einen Spindelantrieb um eine Spindelachse (46) angetriebenen Werkstückspindel (44), in welcher ein Werkstück (W) um die Spindelachse (46) drehbar aufgenommen ist, und mindestens eine Werkzeugspindeleinheit (90) mit einem mittels eines Werkzeugantriebs um eine Werkzeugspindelachse (96) rotierend angetriebenen Werkzeug (98), wobei die Werkstückspindeleinheit (40) und die Werkzeugspindeleinheit (90) mittels einer Maschinensteuerung (120) gesteuert angetrieben und relativ zueinander mindestens in Richtung einer Z-Achse bewegt werden, wobei zur Herstellung einer mit einer ersten Verlaufskomponente um die Werkstückspindelachse (46) umlaufenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) an dem Werkstück (W) das rotierende Werkzeug (98) mindestens eine um die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) umlaufende und eine radial außenliegende sowie radial außenliegend wirksame Schneide (S1) aufweist.
22. 22. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 21, wobei zur Herstellung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) so, dass diese sich mit einer zweiten Verlaufskomponente in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) erstreckend verläuft, eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück (W) und dem Werkzeug (98) in Z-Richtung erfolgt.
23. 23. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 21 oder 22, wobei die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) windschief zur Werkstückspindelachse (46) des Werkstücks (W) ausgerichtet wird.
24. 24. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 23, wobei die Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) und die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) bei der Herstellung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) so gewählt werden, dass die mindestens eine Schneide (S1) Schneideingriffe (SE) in das Werkstück (W) ausführt, die eine Schneideingriffsgrundbahn (SEG) erzeugen, die um die Werkstückspindelachse (46) und in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) konkav gekrümmt verläuft.
25. 25. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 24, wobei die Krümmung der konkaven Schneideingriffsgrundbahn (SEG) einen maximalen Krümmungsradius aufweist, der maximal das 10-fache, insbesondere maximal das 5-fache und vorzugsweise maximal das 3-fache eines Krümmungsradius eines Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) beträgt.
26. 26. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 25, wobei bei der Erzeugung einer zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) im Bereich des 0,8-fachen bis 1,2-fachen, insbesondere des 0,9-fachen bis 1,1-fachen, vorzugsweise des 0,95-fachen bis 1,05-fachen und noch bevorzugter des 0,97-fachen bis 1,03-fachen eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) multipliziert mit der Zahl der Schneiden (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) liegt.
27. 27. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 26, wobei bei der gleichzeitigen Erzeugung von mehreren in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) aufeinanderfolgend angeordnete Vertiefungsstrukturen (V) die Drehzahl (NDW) des Werkstücks (W) im Bereich des 0,8-fachen bis 1,2-fachen, insbesondere des 0,9-fachen bis 1,1-fachen, vorzugsweise des 0,95-fachen bis 1,05-fachen und noch bevorzugter des 0,97-fachen bis 1,03-fachen eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Drehzahl (NDS) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) multipliziert mit der Zahl der Schneiden (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) dividiert durch die Zahl der aufeinanderfolgend angeordneten Vertiefungsstrukturen entspricht.
28. 28. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 27, wobei ein Durchmesser einer Schneidenflugbahn (SF) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) im Bereich vom 60-fachen bis 0,1-fachen, insbesondere im Bereich vom 30-fachen bis 0,1-fachen, eines Durchmessers des zu erreichenden Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) liegt.
29. 29. Verfahren nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen 21 bis 28, wobei zur Erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsgrundes (VG) bei einer Umschlingung des Werkstücks (W) mit einem Umschlingungswinkel von 360° mindestens 10, besser mindestens 30, insbesondere mindestens 50, Schneideingriffe (SE) erfolgen.
30. 30. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 29, wobei sich eine Umfangsfläche (U) des Werkstücks (W) und die in diese bei der Erzeugung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) eingreifende Schneide (S1) gegenläufig zueinander bewegen.
31. 31. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 30, wobei das rotierende Werkzeug (98) mehrere Werkzeugschneiden (S) aufweist.
32. 32. Verfahren nach Ausführungsformen 31, wobei die mehreren Werkzeugschneiden (S) um die Werkzeugspindelachse (96) herum in identischen Winkelabständen voneinander angeordnet sind.
33. 33. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 32, wobei eine Schneidenflugbahn (SF) der mindestens einen Werkzeugschneide (S) des rotierenden Werkzeugs (98) in einer Ebene (SFE) liegt, die relativ zu einer durch eine mittlere Steigung bezüglich der Werkstückspindelachse (46) definierten Mittelebene (ME) der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) im Bereich des Schneideneingriffs (SE) zur Erzeugung der das Werkstück (W) umschlingenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) in einem spitzen Winkel (ε) ausgerichtet wird.
34. 34. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 33, wobei ein Betrag des spitzen Winkels (ε) im Bereich von 0,50° bis 30°, insbesondere 0,5° bis 20°, vorzugsweise 0,5° bis 10° und noch bevorzugter 0,5° bis 5° liegt.
35. 35. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 21 bis 34, wobei zur Erzeugung der Vertiefungsstruktur (V) das rotierende Werkzeug (98) um eine zur Zustellachse (X) parallele Achse (A) relativ zur mit der Werkstückspindelachse (46) zusammenfallenden Z-Achse ausgerichtet wird und mindestens in Richtung der Z-Achse eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück (W) und dem Werkzeug (Z) sowie eine Zustellbewegung in Richtung der X-Achse erfolgt.
36. 36. Verfahren nach einer der voranstehenden Ausführungsformen, wobei ein erstes rotierendes Werkzeug (98₁ ) und ein zweites rotierendes Werkzeug (98₂ ) auf das Werkstück (W) zur Erzeugung mindestens einer zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V) einwirken.
37. 37. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 36, wobei mit dem ersten rotierenden Werkzeug (98₁ ) ein Teilbereich einer Vertiefungsstruktur (V) und mit dem zweiten rotierenden Werkzeug (98₂ ) ein anderer Teilbereich derselben Vertiefungsstruktur (V) erzeugt wird.
38. 38. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 37, wobei mit dem ersten rotierenden Werkzeug (98₁ ) eine Vorbearbeitung und mit dem zweiten rotierenden Werkzeug eine Nachbearbeitung derselben Vertiefungsstruktur (V) ausgeführt wird.
39. 39. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 36 oder 37, wobei mit dem ersten rotierenden Werkzeug (98₁ ) ein in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) gesehen erster Seitenbereich und mit dem zweiten rotierenden Werkzeug (98₂ ) ein in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) neben dem ersten Seitenbereich liegenden zweiter Seitenbereich derselben Vertiefungsstruktur (V) erzeugt wird.
40. 40. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 36, wobei das erste rotierende Werkzeug (98₁ ) zur Erzeugung einer ersten zusammenhängenden Vertiefungsstruktur (V₁) und das zweite rotierende Werkzeug zur Erzeugung einer zweiten zusammenhängenden und relativ zur ersten Vertiefungsstruktur (V₁) in Richtung der Werkstückspindelachse (46) versetzt angeordneten Vertiefungsstruktur (V₂) auf das Werkstück (W) einwirkt.

The above description of solutions according to the invention thus includes in particular the various combinations of features defined by the following numbered embodiments:

1. 1. Machine tool comprising a machine frame ( 10 ), one on the machine frame ( 10 ) arranged workpiece spindle unit ( 40 ) with a spindle drive around a spindle axis ( 46 ) driven workpiece spindle ( 44 ), in which a workpiece ( W. ) around the spindle axis ( 46 ) is rotatably received, and at least one on the machine frame ( 10 ) arranged tool spindle unit ( 90 ) with a tool drive around a tool spindle axis ( 96 ) rotating tool ( 98 ), whereby the workpiece spindle unit ( 40 ) and the tool spindle unit ( 90 ) by means of a machine control ( 120 ) are driven in a controlled manner and can be moved relative to one another at least in the direction of a Z-axis, whereby at least one with a first profile component around the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) circumferential continuous contiguous deepening structure ( V ) on the workpiece ( W. ) the rotating tool ( 98 ) at least one around the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) circumferential and radially outer as well as radially outer effective cutting edge ( S1 ) having.
2. 2. Machine tool according to the embodiment 1 , whereby for the production of the recess structure ( V ) so that this with a second course component extends in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) extends, a relative movement between the workpiece ( W. ) and the tool ( 98 ) takes place in the Z direction (Z).
3. 3. Machine tool according to the embodiment 1 or 2 , where the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) skewed to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) of the workpiece ( W. ) is aligned.
4. 4. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) and the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) during the production of the recess structure ( V ) are selected so that the at least one cutting edge ( S1 ) Cutting operations ( SE ) into the workpiece ( W. ), which generate a cutting engagement pathway (SEG) that extends around the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) and in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) is concave.
5. 5. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the curvature of the cutting engagement base path (SEG) has a radius of curvature that is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times, and preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a depression base ( VG ) the specialization structure ( V ) amounts to.
6. 6. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein when generating a coherent depression structure ( V ) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 times to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times or even more preferably 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integral multiple of the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) multiplied by the number of cutting edges ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) located.
7. 7. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, with the simultaneous generation of several in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) successively arranged recess structures ( V ) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) in the range of 0.8 times to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 times to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times or even more preferably 0.97 times -fold to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) multiplied by the number of cutting edges ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) and divided by the number of successively arranged recess structures ( V ) is equivalent to.
8. 8. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a diameter of a cutting edge trajectory ( SF ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times, a diameter of the depth to be reached ( VG ) located.
9. 9. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein to generate a coherent depression base ( VG ) when wrapping around the workpiece ( W. ) with a wrap angle of 360 ° at least 10, better at least 30, especially at least 50, cutting operations ( SE ) respectively.
10. 10. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a peripheral surface ( U ) of the workpiece ( W. ) and the in this during the creation of the recess structure ( V ) engaging cutting edge ( S1 ) move in opposite directions to each other.
11. 11. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the rotating tool ( 98 ) several tool cutting edges ( S. ) having.
12. 12. Machine tool according to the embodiment 10 , where the multiple tool cutting edges ( S. ) around the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) are arranged around at identical angular distances from one another.
13. 13. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a cutting edge trajectory ( SF ) the at least one tool cutting edge ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) in one plane ( SFE ), which is relative to a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) defined center plane ( ME ) the specialization structure ( V ) in the area of the cutting edge engagement ( SE ) to generate the workpiece ( W. ) surrounding deepening structure ( V ) is oriented at an acute angle (ε).
14. 14. Machine tool according to the embodiment 13th , an amount of the acute angle (ε) in the range from 0.5 ° to 30 °, in particular 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably 0.5 ° to 10 ° and even more preferably 0.5 ° to 5 °.
15. 15. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein for generating the recess structure ( V ) the rotating tool ( 98 ) about an axis (A) parallel to the infeed axis (X) relative to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) is aligned with the coincident Z-axis and by means of the machine control ( 120 ) at least in the direction of the Z-axis a relative movement between the workpiece ( W. ) and the tool (Z) as well as an infeed movement in the direction of the infeed axis.
16. 16. Machine tool according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) and a second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) onto the workpiece ( W. ) to create at least one contiguous recess structure ( V ) act.
17. 17. Machine tool according to the embodiment 16 , where the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) a sub-area of a specialization structure ( V ) and the second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) Another sub-area of the same specialization structure ( V ) generated.
18. 18. Machine tool according to the embodiment 17th , where the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) pre-machining and the second rotating tool post-machining of the same recess structure ( V ) executes.
19. 19. Machine tool according to the embodiment 16 or 17th , where the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) one in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) seen first side area and the second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) one in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) next to the first side area, second side area of the same recess structure is generated.
20. 20. Machine tool according to the embodiment 15th or 16 , where the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) for generating a first contiguous recess structure (V ₁ ) and the second rotating tool for producing a second contiguous and relative to the first recess structure (V ₁ ) in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) offset recess structure (V ₂ ) on the workpiece ( W. ) acts.
21. 21. A method for operating a machine tool, comprising a workpiece spindle unit ( 40 ) with a spindle drive around a spindle axis ( 46 ) driven workpiece spindle ( 44 ), in which a workpiece ( W. ) around the spindle axis ( 46 ) is rotatably received, and at least one tool spindle unit ( 90 ) with a by means of a Tool drive around a tool spindle axis ( 96 ) rotating tool ( 98 ), whereby the workpiece spindle unit ( 40 ) and the tool spindle unit ( 90 ) by means of a machine control ( 120 ) are driven in a controlled manner and moved relative to each other at least in the direction of a Z-axis, whereby to produce one with a first progressive component around the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) surrounding deepening structure ( V ) on the workpiece ( W. ) the rotating tool ( 98 ) at least one around the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) circumferential and one radially outer and radially outer effective cutting edge ( S1 ) having.
22. 22. The method according to embodiment 21 , whereby for the production of the recess structure ( V ) in such a way that it coincides with a second course component in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) extends, a relative movement between the workpiece ( W. ) and the tool ( 98 ) takes place in the Z direction.
23. 23. The method according to embodiment 21 or 22nd , where the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) skewed to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) of the workpiece ( W. ) is aligned.
24. 24. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 23 , where the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) and the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) during the production of the recess structure ( V ) must be chosen so that the at least one cutting edge ( S1 ) Cutting operations ( SE ) into the workpiece ( W. ), which generate a cutting engagement pathway (SEG) that extends around the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) and in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) is concave.
25. 25. The method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 24 , wherein the curvature of the concave cutting engagement base path (SEG) has a maximum radius of curvature that is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times and preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a depression base ( VG ) the specialization structure ( V ) amounts to.
26. 26. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 25th , whereby when creating a coherent recess structure ( V ) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 to 1.05 times and even more preferably 0.97 times -fold to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) multiplied by the number of cutting edges ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) located.
27. 27. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 26th , with the simultaneous generation of several in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) successively arranged recess structures ( V ) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece ( W. ) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 to 1.05 times and even more preferably 0.97 times -fold to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed ( NDS ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) multiplied by the number of cutting edges ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) divided by the number of successively arranged recess structures.
28. 28. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 27 , where a diameter of a cutting edge trajectory ( SF ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times, a diameter of the depth to be reached ( VG ) located.
29. 29. Method according to one of the preceding embodiments 21 until 28 , whereby to create a coherent recess ground ( VG ) when wrapping around the workpiece ( W. ) with a wrap angle of 360 ° at least 10, better at least 30, especially at least 50, cutting operations ( SE ) respectively.
30. 30. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 29 , with a circumferential surface ( U ) of the workpiece ( W. ) and the in this during the creation of the recess structure ( V ) engaging cutting edge ( S1 ) move in opposite directions to each other.
31. 31. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 30th , where the rotating tool ( 98 ) several tool cutting edges ( S. ) having.
32. 32. Method according to embodiments 31 , where the multiple tool cutting edges ( S. ) around the tool spindle axis ( 96 ) are arranged around at identical angular distances from one another.
33. 33. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 32 , where a cutting edge trajectory ( SF ) the at least one tool cutting edge ( S. ) of the rotating tool ( 98 ) in one plane ( SFE ), which is relative to a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) defined center plane ( ME ) the specialization structure ( V ) in the area of the cutting edge engagement ( SE ) to generate the workpiece ( W. ) surrounding deepening structure ( V ) is aligned at an acute angle (ε).
34. 34. Method according to embodiment 33 , wherein an amount of the acute angle (ε) is in the range from 0.50 ° to 30 °, in particular 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably 0.5 ° to 10 ° and even more preferably 0.5 ° to 5 °.
35. 35. Method according to one of the embodiments 21 until 34 , whereby to create the recess structure ( V ) the rotating tool ( 98 ) about an axis (A) parallel to the infeed axis (X) relative to the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) coinciding Z-axis is aligned and at least in the direction of the Z-axis a relative movement between the workpiece ( W. ) and the tool (Z) as well as an infeed movement in the direction of the X-axis.
36. 36. The method according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein a first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) and a second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) onto the workpiece ( W. ) to create at least one contiguous recess structure ( V ) act.
37. 37. Method according to embodiment 36 , with the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) a sub-area of a specialization structure ( V ) and with the second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) Another sub-area of the same specialization structure ( V ) is produced.
38. 38. Method according to embodiment 37 , with the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) pre-processing and post-processing of the same recess structure with the second rotating tool ( V ) is performed.
39. 39. The method according to the embodiment 36 or 37 , with the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) one in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) seen first side area and with the second rotating tool ( 98 ₂ ) one in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) Next to the first side area, the second side area of the same recess structure ( V ) is produced.
40. 40. Method according to embodiment 36 , where the first rotating tool ( 98 ₁ ) for generating a first contiguous recess structure (V ₁ ) and the second rotating tool for producing a second contiguous and relative to the first recess structure (V ₁ ) in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis ( 46 ) staggered recess structure (V ₂ ) on the workpiece ( W. ) acts.

Further features and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description and the graphic representation of some exemplary embodiments.

• 1 eine Frontansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Werkzeugmaschine für die erfindungsgemäße Lösung;
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Werkzeugmaschine gemäß 1 in Richtung des Pfeils A;
• 3 eine Darstellung einer Schneidenflugbahn eines Werkzeugs mit einer Schneide und eines Querschnitts durch ein Werkstück im Bereich eines durchzuführenden Schneideingriffs;
• 4 eine Darstellung der relativen Positionen der Schneide des bis Werkzeugs und des Werkstücks bei der einer sukzessiven Drehung 13 von Werkzeug und Werkstück;
• 14 eine Darstellung eines Schneideingriffs der Schneide in das bis Werkstück mit sukzessiver Darstellung der einzelnen 16 Winkelstellungen;
• 17 eine Darstellung der einzelnen Winkelstellungen von Werkzeug und bis Werkstück nach Durchführung des Schneideingriffs bis zum 27 Erreichen der Ausgangsposition gemäß 3;
• 28 eine Darstellung einer windschiefen Ausrichtung einer Werkzeugspindelachse relativ zu einer Werkstückspindelachse unter Berücksichtigung der durch die Drehzahl des Werkstücks bedingten Umfangsgeschwindigkeit desselben und durch die Rotation des Werkzeugs bedingten Geschwindigkeit der Schneide beim Schneideingriff und der daraus resultierenden Schneideingriffsgeschwindigkeit bei der Durchführung des Schneideingriffs;
• 29 eine Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäß bearbeiteten Werkstücks;
• 30 eine ausschnittsweise vergrößerte Darstellung eines Berichts B in 29;
• 31 eine Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Lösung;
• 32 eine Darstellung der mit dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel erzeugten Vertiefungsstruktur im Werkzeug;
• 33 eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung;
• 34 eine Darstellung des vierten Ausführungsbeispiels im Querschnitt;
• 35 eine Draufsicht in Richtung der Linien 35-35 in 34;
• 36 einen Längsschnitt bei einer Bearbeitung einer Vertiefungsstruktur in zwei Schritten;
• 37 einen Längsschnitt bei einer Bearbeitung einer Vertiefungsstruktur auf zwei Seiten;
• 38 eine Draufsicht auf eine Bearbeitung von zwei Vertiefungsstrukturen;
• 39 eine Darstellung eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung;
• 40 eine Darstellung des vierten Ausführungsbeispiels im Querschnitt und
• 41 einen Schnitt längs Linie 41-41 in 40.

In the drawing show:

• 1 a front view of an embodiment of a machine tool for the solution according to the invention;
• 2 a plan view of the machine tool according to 1 in the direction of arrow A;
• 3 a representation of a cutting edge trajectory of a tool with a cutting edge and a cross section through a workpiece in the area of a cutting operation to be performed;
• 4th a representation of the relative positions of the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece during a successive rotation 13th of tool and workpiece;
• 14th a representation of a cutting engagement of the cutting edge in the workpiece with successive representation of the individual 16 Angular positions;
• 17th a representation of the individual angular positions from the tool and to the workpiece after the cutting operation has been carried out up to 27 Reaching the starting position according to 3 ;
• 28 a representation of a skewed alignment of a tool spindle axis relative to a workpiece spindle axis, taking into account the peripheral speed of the workpiece caused by the rotational speed of the workpiece and the speed of the cutting edge caused by the rotation of the tool during the cutting engagement and the resulting cutting engagement speed when performing the cutting engagement;
• 29 a representation of a workpiece machined according to the invention;
• 30th an enlarged section of a report B in 29 ;
• 31 a representation of a second embodiment of a solution according to the invention;
• 32 a representation of the recess structure generated with the second embodiment in the tool;
• 33 a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the invention;
• 34 a representation of the fourth embodiment in cross section;
• 35 FIG. 3 is a top view taken in the direction of lines 35-35 in FIG 34 ;
• 36 a longitudinal section during machining of a recess structure in two steps;
• 37 a longitudinal section when machining a recess structure on two sides;
• 38 a plan view of a processing of two recess structures;
• 39 a representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention;
• 40 a representation of the fourth embodiment in cross section and
• 41 a section along line 41-41 in 40 .

An embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention, shown in FIG 1 and 2 comprises a machine frame, designated as a whole by 10, with a frame base 12th which with their bottom 14th on a stand 16 rests and one over the frame base 12th uplifting machine bed body 18th .

On a front 22nd of the machine bed body 18th is like in 1 and 2 shown, a base body 24 with slide guides arranged parallel to one another 26th , 28 arranged, which extend parallel to a Z-direction of the machine tool and on which a spindle slide 32 is led, the one as a whole with 40 designated workpiece spindle unit carries a workpiece spindle housing 42 comprises, in which a workpiece spindle 44 around a workpiece spindle axis 46 is rotatably mounted and driven by a spindle motor.

The workpiece spindle axis preferably runs 46 parallel to the slide guides 26th , 28 and also, for example, essentially in the horizontal direction.

Due to the on the base body 24 seated slide guides 26th and 28 is thus the workpiece spindle unit 40 in the direction parallel to the workpiece spindle axis 46 and thus in the Z-direction relative to the machine bed body 18th moveable.

As in 1 and 2 shown is the machine bed body 18th For example, it is designed in the manner of a column and on this is in addition to the workpiece spindle unit 40 one as a whole with 50 designated tool carrier unit arranged, which has a tool carrier 52 having, by means of a guide arm 54 on a tool carrier base 56 is stored.

The tool carrier base 56 preferably has a longitudinal and rotary guide 58 on in which the guide arm 54 around its longitudinal axis 62 rotatable and in the direction of its longitudinal axis 62 is movable.

The longitudinal axis runs 62 perpendicular to the Z direction and thus also perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis 46 and, for example, also in the horizontal direction, and represents a Y-axis of the machine tool.

The tool carrier base 56 in turn sits on a tool carrier slide 72 , which by means of slide guides 74 and 76 on the machine bed body 18th , preferably on a transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the front 34 running transverse side 78 is led.

The slide guides run 74 and 76 preferably parallel to an X axis, which in turn is perpendicular to the Z and Y axes and thus perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis 46 and to the longitudinal axis 62 of the guide arm 54 runs.

For executing the movements of the guide arm 54 and thus the movements of the tool carrier 52 The tool carrier slide is along the Y-axis and the rotary movements around the Y-axis, that is to say in particular the B-axis 72 provided with a drive unit designated as a whole by 82, the housing of which 84 with the tool carrier slide 72 is connected and which is able to the guide arm 54 to move position-controlled in the direction of the Y-direction and to rotate position-controlled around the B-axis.

In the machine tool according to the invention is on the tool carrier 52 a tool spindle unit 90 stored, in the tool spindle housing 92 a tool spindle 94 around a tool spindle axis 96 can be driven in rotation, the tool spindle 94 a rotating tool 98 wearing.

The tool spindle unit 90 is here as a whole on a tool spindle bearing unit 100 about an axis representing an A-axis 102 and to the X direction as the infeed direction for the tool 98 Pivotable in a position-controlled manner, which is perpendicular to the tool spindle axis 96 and preferably also perpendicular to the axis 62 and thus runs perpendicular to the B-axis.

In particular, it is used for position-regulated positioning of the tool spindle unit 90 a drive unit around the A-axis 104 on the tool spindle bearing unit 100 of the tool carrier 52 intended.

Alternatively, with a simplified solution, it is possible to adjust the rotational alignment of the tool spindle unit 90 with respect to the A-axis by a mechanical locking device.

The machine tool also includes a controller 120 , by means of which the workpiece spindle 44 and the tool spindle 94 with precisely definable speeds, the speeds being coupled constant or variable relative to one another, drivable and the workpiece W. as well as the at least one tool 98 can be positioned in a position-controlled manner relative to one another by controlling the X, Y, Z, B and A axes.

To produce a look into the workpiece W. starting from a circumferential surface U , in particular starting from a rotationally symmetrical to the workpiece spindle axis 46 running circumferential surface U , deepening into the workpiece into extending contiguous recess structure V is like in the 3 until 28 shown around the tool spindle axis 96 rotating tool 98 with at least one cutting edge S1 provided, which is caused by the driving of the tool 98 by means of the tool spindle unit 90 on a cutting edge trajectory SF around the tool spindle axis 94 with one direction of rotation DS moves, with the cutting edge trajectory SF relative to the workpiece W. is arranged so that this is used to produce the recess structure V into the peripheral surface U of the workpiece W. up to a defined radial distance from the workpiece axis 46 running deepening ground VG immersed.

Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, it is used to produce the recess structure V also the workpiece W. with one direction of rotation DW rotating around the workpiece spindle axis 46 driven whose direction of rotation corresponds to the direction of rotation DS is equivalent to.

But it is also possible that the directions of rotation DW and DS run with opposite directions of rotation to each other.

In the in 3 shown position of the cutting edge S1 is this in one of the workpiece W. maximum averted position. Starting from this position, one looks at a selected one on the workpiece W. fixed, the tool 98 maximum facing point P, so leads, as in 4th shown, a rotation of the rotating tool 98 with speed NDS and a simultaneous rotation of the workpiece W. with the speed NDW = 2NDS, viewed starting from point P on the workpiece W. , to a movement of the cutting edge S1 on a trajectory B that seems to lead away from point P.

One more rotation of the workpiece W. around the axis 46 in direction of rotation DW lets the movement of the cutting edge S1 on the cutting edge trajectory SF appear as if the cutting edge S1 moved away from point P visibly. This continues with a further rotation of the workpiece W. around the workpiece spindle axis 46 until point P is back on the cutting edge trajectory SF approaches, and, as in 14th shown, the cutting edge S1 on the cutting edge trajectory SF starts in the peripheral surface U penetrate the workpiece, with this movement the cutting edge S1 and the point P move in opposite directions to each other.

As can be seen from the course representation of path B in 14th until 16 results, leads the cutting edge S1 a cutting operation SE into the workpiece W. through which is arcuate around the workpiece spindle axis 46 Extends over an angular range γ, the expansion of which is caused by the penetration of the cutting edge S1 into the peripheral surface U of the workpiece W. according to 14th and the emergence of the cutting edge S1 from the workpiece W. through the peripheral surface U according to 16 is defined, with the cutting engagement SE from a circumferential section extending over the angular range γ UA the peripheral surface U in the radial direction to the workpiece spindle axis 46 up to one also around the workpiece spindle axis 46 concavely curved and at the smallest distance from the workpiece spindle axis 46 extending cutting engagement base path SEG extends, which the recess base VG the deepening structure V affects.

After exiting the workpiece W. the cutting edge moves S1 again on the cutting edge trajectory SF according to the 17th until 27 up to the 3 corresponding position in which both the point P of the workpiece W. as well as the cutting edge S1 are again in the same position relative to each other.

How out 27 results, in this position is the result of the cutting action SE with the edge S1 edited section of the deepening structure V on that of the cutting edge S1 facing side of the workpiece W. .

The in 3 until 27 illustrated rotational movements of the workpiece W. with the speed NDW and the cutting edge S1 on the cutting edge trajectory SF with speed NDS has the workpiece W. rotated with the speed NDW, which is exactly twice the speed NDS is equivalent to.

This means that the next time the cutting edge rotates S1 on the cutting edge trajectory SF the cutting operation SE the workpiece W. does not take place in exactly the same place, but one opposite the cutting engagement SE by an angle δ with respect to the workpiece spindle axis 46 offset cutting engagement SE is generated, the speeds NDW and NDS not be different by an integer multiple, but they must have a speed ratio, which is derived from the number of cutting edges S. results, differ slightly by at an angle δ with respect to the respective preceding cutting operation SE each additional staggered cutting operations SE in the workpiece W. to generate and thus, for example, one around the workpiece W. all around to the bottom of the deepening VG running contiguous deepening structure V to generate, which, however, corresponds to a groove without feed in the Z direction.

The speeds NDW and NDS chosen so that during the cutting operation SE and thus when cutting the material out of the workpiece W. for the material of the workpiece W. and the material of the cutting edge S1 suitable cutting speeds can be achieved.

For example, the speed NDW is dependent on a diameter of the workpiece W. chosen so that peripheral speeds of the workpiece are greater than 20 meters / minute.

In particular, for example, the rotational speed NDW of the workpiece W. chosen so large that parallel to the machining with that on the cutting edge trajectory SF circumferential cutting edge S1 also conventional machining of a surface of the workpiece W. can be carried out with a stationary cutting edge according to a conventional turning and / or drilling operation.

To now with the machine tool according to the invention around the workpiece spindle axis 46 circumferential coherent deepening structures V to be able to generate, which for example run thread-like or worm-like or screw-like and thus a first profile component in the direction of rotation around the workpiece spindle axis 46 and have a second profile component in the Z direction, there is a relative movement between the workpiece W. and the rotating tool 96 with which is on the cutting edge trajectory SF moving cutting edge S1 in the Z direction, for example with a feed rate that ensures that the workpiece in this case W. embracing deepening structure V after wrapping around the workpiece W. with a wrap angle of 360 ° the intended pitch height SH in the Z-direction and also through a sufficient number of cutting operations SE with an angular offset δ around the workpiece spindle axis 46 to each other.

For example, a recess structure V until a wrap angle of 360 ° is reached by 100 or more cutting operations SE educated.

The greater the number of cutting operations SE is selected until a wrap angle of 360 ° is reached, the lower the roughness of the recess base that develops VG .

Furthermore, with a feed in the Z direction, it must be taken into account that, as in 28 shown, with the most precise possible processing of the shape of the recess structure V the cutting edge trajectory SF the cutting edge S1 , in one plane SFE should run relative to a particular by a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis 46 defined median plane ME in the area of the cutting engagement SE to create the recess structure V runs at an acute angle ε.

However, this assumes that, as in 28 shown by a position-controlled rotation of the tool spindle unit 90 around the A axis 102 the spindle axis 96 the tool spindle unit 90 not only according to the intended course of the recess structure V , but also taking into account the acute angle ε skewed to the workpiece spindle axis 46 is aligned.

With a machine tool in accordance with the exemplary embodiment described above, depression structures can thus be created V generate according to customary standard threads and it can also be used in addition to customary standard threads, such as in 29 shown in the workpieces W. Specialization structures V work in, which are thread-like, but can deviate from the usual standard threads.

Such deepening structures V point, for example, through the recess structure produced V separate webs ST, which are based on perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis 46 extending reference planes E have different profile angles α and β and, as in 30th recognizable, one in a direction along the workpiece spindle axis 46 varying web width e, with a depression base at the same time VG for example, with increasing web width e, there is also an increasing distance from the workpiece spindle axis 46 having.

Furthermore, a slope height SH , which defines the distance between the webs ST after a wrap angle of 360 °, also vary.

The examples in the 29 and 30th described variations of the recess structure V can be on the one hand by suitable design of a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge S1 in one through the workpiece spindle axis 46 running plane and also a varying infeed of the tool 98 in the X direction.

Should, for example, also include the gradient height SH vary, so is the skewed alignment of the tool spindle axis 96 relative to the workpiece spindle axis 46 by turning the tool spindle unit 90 to vary the A-axis during the feed in the Z-direction.

In a second embodiment, shown in FIG 31 , is the rotating tool 98 ' with two with respect to the tool spindle axis 96 opposing cutting edges S1 and S2 Mistake.

With such a tool 98 ' occurs at, as in 32 shown, a cutting action due to the feed in the Z-direction SE1 and SE2 alternating, with the cutting edge handles SE1 and SE2 offset from one another in the circumferential direction, so that two simultaneously in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis 46 and thus also connected recess structures offset relative to one another in the Z direction V that result, for example, in a multi-start thread, as in 32 shown.

The machine tool according to the invention can thus be used in a simple manner by increasing the number of cutting edges S. of the rotating tool 98 , for example as with the tool 98 ' , produce several deepening structures with possibly definable contours at the same time.

As an alternative to the method described above, in which only a rotating tool 98 for use on a workpiece W. comes, there is also the possibility in a third embodiment by providing two tool spindle units 90 with two rotating tools 98 ₁ and 98 ₂ to work as in 33 until 35 shown, in which case the tool spindle axes 96 ₁ and 96 _{2 are} skewed in opposite directions to the workpiece spindle axis 46 are aligned as in 33 and 35 shown.

With the two rotating tools 98 ₁ and 98 ₂ there is, for example, the possibility of one and the same contiguous recess structure V to edit, being the first tool 98 ₁ a pre-machining, for example in the manner of a roughing, and the second tool 98 ₂ carries out post-processing, for example fine processing such as finishing, as in FIG 36 shown.

Alternatively, the first tool 98 ₁ one and the same deepening structure V in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis 46 seen primarily on one side and edit the second tool 98 ₂ can have the same deepening structure V Process on the opposite side, so that the shape of the recess structure V can be designed variably, as in 37 shown.

With two rotating tools 98 ₁ and 98 ₂ but there is also the possibility that each of the rotating tools 98 ₁ and 98 _{2 one of two recess structures V 1} , V ₂ running one after the other in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis is generated, as in FIG 38 shown.

In a fourth exemplary embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention, shown in FIG 39 until 41 there is also the option as a workpiece W. 'Insert a tubular part in which with a rotating tool 98 a recess structure on one inside V in the same way as above in connection with the circumferential surface U of the workpiece W. is described, can be produced.

Claims (40)

Machine tool comprising a machine frame (10), a workpiece spindle unit (40) arranged on the machine frame (10) with a workpiece spindle (44) driven by a spindle drive about a spindle axis (46), in which a workpiece (W) about the spindle axis (46) is rotatably received, and at least one tool spindle unit (90) arranged on the machine frame (10) with a tool (98) driven to rotate about a tool spindle axis (96) by means of a tool drive, the workpiece spindle unit (40) and the tool spindle unit (90) by means of a Machine control (120) are driven in a controlled manner and can be moved relative to one another at least in the direction of a Z-axis, characterized in that, for the production of at least one continuous, continuous recess structure (V) on the workpiece (W), with a first profile component around the workpiece spindle axis (46) the rotating tool (98) at least one around the tool Eugspindelachse (96) has circumferential and radially outer and radially outer effective cutting edge (S1). Machine tool after Claim 1 , characterized in that to produce the recess structure (V) in such a way that it extends with a second profile component in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46), a relative movement between the workpiece (W) and the tool (98) in the Z direction ( Z) takes place. Machine tool after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the tool spindle axis (96) of the rotating tool (98) is skewed to the workpiece spindle axis (46) of the workpiece (W). Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the speed (NDS) of the rotating tool (98) and the speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) during the production of the recess structure (V) are selected so that the at least one cutting edge (S1) performs cutting engagements (SE) in the workpiece (W), which produce a cutting engagement base path (SEG) which is concavely curved around the workpiece spindle axis (46) and in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46). Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curvature of the cutting engagement base path (SEG) has a radius of curvature which is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times, and preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a depression base (VG) the recess structure (V) is. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when generating a coherent recess structure (V) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 -fold to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times or even more preferably 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed of rotation (NDS) of the rotating tool (98 ) multiplied by the number of cutting edges (S) of the rotating tool (98). Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the simultaneous generation of several recess structures (V) arranged one after the other in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46), the rotational speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) is in the range of 0.8 to 1 , 2 times, in particular 0.9 times to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times or even more preferably 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integer multiple the speed (NDS) of the rotating tool (98) multiplied by the number of cutting edges (S) of the rotating tool (98) and divided by the number of successively arranged recess structures (V). Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diameter of a cutting edge trajectory (SF) of the rotating tool (98) is in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times , a diameter of the depth to be reached (VG). Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least 10, better at least 30, in particular at least 50, cutting operations (SE) take place in order to produce a coherent depression base (VG) when the workpiece (W) is wrapped with a wrap angle of 360 °. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a circumferential surface (U) of the workpiece (W) and the cutting edge (S1) engaging in this when producing the recess structure (V) move in opposite directions. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating tool (98) has several tool cutting edges (S). Machine tool after Claim 10 , characterized in that the several tool cutting edges (S) are arranged around the tool spindle axis (96) at identical angular distances from one another. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cutting edge trajectory (SF) of the at least one tool cutting edge (S) of the rotating tool (98) lies in a plane (SFE) which, relative to a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis (46 ) defined center plane (ME) of the recess structure (V) in the area of the cutting engagement (SE) for generating the recess structure (V) wrapping around the workpiece (W) is oriented at an acute angle (ε). Machine tool after Claim 13 , characterized in that an amount of the acute angle (ε) in the range from 0.5 ° to 30 °, in particular 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably 0.5 ° to 10 ° and even more preferably 0.5 ° to 5 ° lies. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotating tool (98) is oriented around an axis (A) parallel to the infeed axis (X) relative to the Z axis coinciding with the workpiece spindle axis (46) to produce the recess structure (V) and by means of the machine control (120), at least in the direction of the Z-axis, a relative movement between the workpiece (W) and the tool (Z) and an infeed movement in the direction of the infeed axis take place. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) and a second rotating tool (98 ₂ ) act on the workpiece (W) act to produce at least one contiguous depression structure (V). Machine tool after Claim 16 , characterized in that the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) generates a sub-area of a recess structure (V) and the second rotating tool (98 ₂ ) generates another sub-area of the same recess structure (V). Machine tool after Claim 17 , characterized in that the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) carries out a pre-processing and the second rotating tool a post-processing of the same recess structure (V). Machine tool after Claim 16 or 17th , characterized in that the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) has a first side area as seen in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) and the second rotating tool (98 ₂ ) has a second side area of the same recess structure next to the first side area in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) generated. Machine tool after Claim 15 or 16 , characterized in that the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) for producing a first contiguous recess structure (V ₁ ) and the second rotating tool for producing a second contiguous and _{offset relative to the first recess structure (V 1} ) in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) Depression structure (V ₂ ) acts on the workpiece (W). A method for operating a machine tool, comprising a workpiece spindle unit (40) with a workpiece spindle (44) which is driven by a spindle drive about a spindle axis (46) and in which a workpiece (W) is rotatably received about the spindle axis (46), and at least one tool spindle unit (90) with a tool (98) which is driven to rotate about a tool spindle axis (96) by means of a tool drive, the workpiece spindle unit (40) and the tool spindle unit (90) being driven in a controlled manner by means of a machine control (120) and being driven relative to one another at least in the direction of a Z Axis are moved, characterized in that in order to produce a recess structure (V) on the workpiece (W) that revolves around the workpiece spindle axis (46) with a first profile component, the rotating tool (98) has at least one around the tool spindle axis (96) and one radially has outer and radially outer effective cutting edge (S1). Procedure according to Claim 21 , characterized in that in order to produce the recess structure (V) in such a way that it extends with a second profile component in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46), there is a relative movement between the workpiece (W) and the tool (98) in the Z direction . Procedure according to Claim 21 or 22nd , characterized in that the tool spindle axis (96) of the rotating tool (98) is aligned skew to the workpiece spindle axis (46) of the workpiece (W). Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 23 , characterized in that the speed (NDS) of the rotating tool (98) and the speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) during the production of the recess structure (V) are selected so that the at least one cutting edge (S1) cutting engagements (SE ) executes in the workpiece (W), which generate a basic cutting engagement path (SEG) which is concavely curved around the workpiece spindle axis (46) and in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46). Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 24 , characterized in that the curvature of the concave cutting engagement base path (SEG) has a maximum radius of curvature which is a maximum of 10 times, in particular a maximum of 5 times and preferably a maximum of 3 times a radius of curvature of a depression base (VG) of the depression structure (V) amounts to. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 25th , characterized in that when generating a coherent recess structure (V) the speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times and more preferably 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed (NDS) of the rotating tool (98) multiplied by the number of Cutting (S) of the rotating tool (98) lies. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 26th , characterized in that with the simultaneous generation of several recess structures (V) arranged one after the other in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46), the rotational speed (NDW) of the workpiece (W) is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 times to 1.1 times, preferably 0.95 times to 1.05 times and even more preferably 0.97 times to 1.03 times an integer multiple of the speed (NDS) of the rotating tool (98) multiplied by the number of cutting edges (S) of the rotating tool (98) divided by the number of successively arranged recess structures corresponds. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 27 Claims, characterized in that a Diameter of a cutting edge trajectory (SF) of the rotating tool (98) is in the range from 60 times to 0.1 times, in particular in the range from 30 times to 0.1 times, of a diameter of the depression base (VG) to be achieved. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 21 until 28 , characterized in that at least 10, better at least 30, in particular at least 50, cutting operations (SE) are carried out to create a coherent depression base (VG) when the workpiece (W) is wrapped with a wrap angle of 360 °. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 29 , characterized in that a circumferential surface (U) of the workpiece (W) and the cutting edge (S1) engaging in this when producing the recess structure (V) move in opposite directions to one another. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 30th , characterized in that the rotating tool (98) has several tool cutting edges (S). Procedure according to Claim 31 , characterized in that the several tool cutting edges (S) are arranged around the tool spindle axis (96) at identical angular distances from one another. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 32 , characterized in that a cutting edge trajectory (SF) of the at least one tool cutting edge (S) of the rotating tool (98) lies in a plane (SFE) which is relative to a central plane (ME) defined by a mean slope with respect to the workpiece spindle axis (46) the recess structure (V) is aligned at an acute angle (ε) in the region of the cutting engagement (SE) to produce the recess structure (V) wrapping around the workpiece (W). Procedure according to Claim 33 , characterized in that an amount of the acute angle (ε) in the range from 0.50 ° to 30 °, in particular 0.5 ° to 20 °, preferably 0.5 ° to 10 ° and even more preferably 0.5 ° to 5 ° lies. Method according to one of the Claims 21 until 34 , characterized in that in order to generate the recess structure (V) the rotating tool (98) is aligned about an axis (A) parallel to the infeed axis (X) relative to the Z-axis coinciding with the workpiece spindle axis (46) and at least in the direction of the Z. -Axis a relative movement between the workpiece (W) and the tool (Z) and an infeed movement in the direction of the X-axis takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) and a second rotating tool (98 ₂ ) act on the workpiece (W) to produce at least one contiguous recess structure (V). Procedure according to Claim 36 , characterized in that a partial area of a recess structure (V) is produced with the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) and another partial area of the same recess structure (V) is produced _{with the second rotating tool (98 2).} Procedure according to Claim 37 , characterized in that pre-machining is carried out with the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) and post-processing of the same recess structure (V) is carried out with the second rotating tool. Procedure according to Claim 36 or 37 , characterized in that with the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) a first side area seen in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) and with the second rotating tool (98 ₂ ) a second side area lying in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) next to the first side area the same recess structure (V) is generated. Procedure according to Claim 36 , characterized in that the first rotating tool (98 ₁ ) for producing a first contiguous recess structure (V ₁ ) and the second rotating tool for producing a second contiguous and _{offset relative to the first recess structure (V 1} ) in the direction of the workpiece spindle axis (46) arranged recess structure (V ₂ ) acts on the workpiece (W).

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