DE102020114403A1 - Access control system and method for controlling access control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is based on an access control system with an access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50), such as a door, that can be adjusted between a closed state and an open state. The access control system has a detection device (24) which is designed to detect at least one position of a portable key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) by radio. In addition, the access control system has an adjustment device (22) which is designed to adjust the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50) between its respective states as a function of the detected position of the key element (26). The detection device (24) is designed to detect the position of the key element (26) on the basis of a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. The invention also relates to a method for controlling an access control.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to an access control system for a motor vehicle. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling an access control.

State of the art

The automatic access control of, for example, motor vehicles allows them to be used comfortably. For example, an approach of a key element to a motor vehicle, for example a user of the motor vehicle carrying the key element with him, can be detected by radio and a vehicle door can be unlocked and / or opened as a function thereof. The user or this person therefore no longer has to operate the vehicle door manually, for example by pulling a door handle and / or pressing a button on a key element designed as a remote control. In addition, the vehicle door can already be fully opened before the person reaches the motor vehicle or the vehicle door. This makes getting into the motor vehicle comfortably possible without delay. Similar designs and advantages are also possible for buildings, for example.

The disadvantage of an automatic access control, however, can be that the position detection by radio is imprecise and the access control is not controlled as desired. For example, the surroundings can shield or reflect a radio signal and thus an incorrect position can be determined. For example, a ceiling-supporting concrete column can be arranged between a motor vehicle and the key element in a parking garage, so that a position of the key element deviating from the actual position is determined to be significantly further away. Accordingly, in such a situation it can happen that access is released too late. In addition, precise position detection can require a large number of sensors and corresponding data processing, as a result of which a corresponding access control system can be expensive and require a large amount of space and energy.

Presentation of the invention

A first aspect of the invention relates to an access control system. The access control system can have an access element that can be adjusted between a closed state and an open state. The access element can be designed, for example, as a door, such as a vehicle or building door, a window and / or a trunk lid. As a result, convenient, automatic access through an access opening corresponding to the access element, such as a door opening, can be provided for the respective user. The adjustment can in particular include a movement and / or unlocking or locking of a door lock. In the closed state, the access element can be locked and / or block an access opening. In the open state, the access element can be unlocked and / or at least partially release the access opening, in particular to the extent that it is possible for a person to pass through.

The access control system can furthermore have at least one detection device which is designed to detect at least one position of a portable key element relative to the detection device by means of radio. This allows the access elements to be adjusted as a function of the detected position of the key element or of a user carrying the key element. In particular, the access element can be opened when it is approached, in order to enable an immediate crossing or boarding without manual door actuation. For example, the position of the detection device relative to the access element and / or an object having the access element, such as a building or a motor vehicle, can be known. As a result, the detected position can be correlated to a position relative to the access element, an outer boundary of this object and / or the access opening in order to implement an automatic adjustment of the access element between its states. For example, at least parts of the detection device, such as respective antennas, can be arranged on or adjacent to the access element. For example, respective antennas can be permanently installed on the motor vehicle or the building. For example, the adjustment device is part of the object with the access element or is arranged on this, for example in or on the motor vehicle or building.

The access control system can have at least one adjusting device for adjusting the access element between its respective states. The adjusting device can have respective actuators for unlocking and / or opening or locking and / or closing. The adjustment device can be in operative connection with the access element for the adjustment. The adjustment device can be designed to adjust the access element between its respective states as a function of the detected position of the key element.

The detection device can be designed to detect the position of the key element on the basis of a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. Such a sensor fusion or radio signal fusion can, for example, considerably increase the accuracy and reliability of the position detection. In particular, inexpensive, accurate and reliable detection can thus be provided. Ultra-broadband technology is a standard for short-range radio communication using radio waves. One feature can be the use of large frequency ranges with a bandwidth of, for example, at least 500 MHz or at least 20% of the arithmetic mean of the lower and upper limit frequency of the frequency band used. Bluetooth is a standard for data transmission between devices over short distances using radio technology, which was developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

For example, the access control system has a plurality of access elements which can be adjusted automatically by means of the adjusting device. The detection device can, for example, also be designed to detect the respective positions of a multiplicity of key elements. The access control system can also have several key elements. In the following, the key element and the access element are often referred to for the sake of simplicity. However, if applicable, it can also mean several key elements and / or access elements. Several positions can also be taken into account, even if only the recorded position is spoken of. For example, several positions of one of the key elements can also be recorded one after the other in order to determine a speed and direction of movement. An adjustment of the access element or respective access elements can then be controlled as a function of this. The key element which can be carried or carried along can be part of the access control system.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the detection device is designed to determine an angle of the key element relative to the detection device on the basis of the Bluetooth radio signal. The angle can, for example, indicate a direction in which the key element is located starting from the detection device, for example to a reference direction. It can be, for example, a solid angle or an angle in a plane. In this case, use can be made of the fact that an angle of a signal relative to the receiver can be determined precisely and with little effort by means of Bluetooth, even with shields and / or signal reflections. Alternatively or additionally, the detection device is designed to determine a distance of the key element relative to the detection device on the basis of the UWB radio signal. In this case, use can be made of the fact that by means of UWB, even with shields and / or signal reflections, a distance between a transmitter and a receiver can be determined precisely and with little effort. For example, a UWB transmission can contain transit time information as standard, while with Bluetooth, for example, the distance is determined as standard based on a signal strength. When determining by means of the signal strength, it may be necessary, for example, that the transmitter power and / or the receiver efficiency are known. As an alternative or in addition, a calibration may be necessary with Bluetooth to determine the distance. Overall, the distance determination can be less precise and reliable with Bluetooth than with UWB. In contrast, the angle determination can be more complex with UWB than with Bluetooth, in particular due to the more complex transmission technology, the wide frequency range for transmission and / or the high computing power for filtering the signal for data transmission.

Overall, a sensor fusion allows the respective advantages of Bluetooth and UWB to be combined with minimal effort for position determination. For example, it is also possible to dispense with triangulation for position determination, for example by means of antennas that are spaced apart over a large area. Such a triangulation can also enable a relatively precise position determination with Bluetooth, for example, but it considerably increases the complexity of the installation compared to a single antenna, in which the distance can be determined by the transit time information without triangulation. The detection device can thus require significantly less installation space. For example, it can be designed as a compact unit, for example as a flat module and / or arranged in a housing. For example, antennas that are spatially separated from one another and / or connected by cables can be dispensed with in a motor vehicle. A mere determination of the angle, for example by means of a Bluetooth radio signal, on the other hand, is also possible by means of spatially adjacent antennas, for example arranged on a circuit board and / or in a row. The angle can also be determined, for example, without triangulation, for example on the basis of a transit time difference for the various antennas.

The angle can be a solid angle, with which, for example, a spatial direction of the position of the key element relative to the detection device can be determined. The angle can, for example, only in one plane, in particular a horizontal plane, around the object with the Be an access element. For example, when determining the angle, it can be assumed that the key element is essentially on the same plane as the access element and / or the detection device. As a result, the computing power for determining the position and / or the number of antennas required can be low. For example, this assumption can be based on the fact that a person with the key element approaches the motor vehicle or the building with the access element on the street.

In one embodiment of the access control system it can be provided that the detection device has a UWB antenna, in particular a single UWB antenna. A UWB antenna can be designed, for example, to receive and / or transmit a UWB radio signal. The access control system can thus be particularly compact and simple.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the detection device has a Bluetooth antenna array, in particular a single Bluetooth antenna array. The Bluetooth antenna array is designed in particular as a linear multiple antenna array. A Bluetooth antenna array can, for example, be designed to receive and / or transmit a Bluetooth radio signal and have a plurality of Bluetooth antennas. Each Bluetooth antenna can be designed, for example, to receive and / or transmit a Bluetooth radio signal. In the case of a Bluetooth antenna array, its respective Bluetooth antennas can be connected to one another, for example via a common controller. The access control system can thus be particularly compact and simple.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the Bluetooth antenna array has only a certain number of Bluetooth antennas, all of which are arranged on a common circuit carrier. For example, a common controller for the Bluetooth antennas can also be formed on the circuit carrier. For example, a power supply for the Bluetooth antennas can be provided via the circuit carrier. The Bluetooth antennas can thus be easily integrated into the detection device and / or the access control system as a single component. The number of Bluetooth antennas can depend, for example, on the required accuracy and the type of angle to be determined when determining the position. For example, an angle in a plane can already be determined with two Bluetooth antennas. The angle of entry of the Bluetooth radio signal sent by the key element can be determined from the difference in transit time between a wave impinging on the Bluetooth antennas and the reference direction through a normal to the baseline. For example, the Bluetooth antenna array can have only two, three or four Bluetooth antennas. However, embodiments with, for example, up to sixteen Bluetooth antennas or more are also possible, as a result of which a solid angle can be determined with high accuracy.

In particular, the UWB antenna can be arranged together with the Bluetooth antennas on the common circuit carrier. For example, the access control system has only a single UWB antenna which is arranged with respective Bluetooth antennas on the circuit carrier. For example, a common controller can also be formed on the circuit carrier, for example both for the Bluetooth antennas and for the UWB antenna. A power supply for the UWB antenna, for example, can be provided via the circuit carrier. All antennas can thus be easily integrated into the detection device and / or the access control system as a single component. When the access control system is used in a motor vehicle, the UWB antenna of the detection device is arranged, in particular separately from the Bluetooth antenna, preferably on a window, for example on a front or side window, of the motor vehicle. In this way, shadowing of the UWB radio signal, for example by body parts and / or body parts, can be reduced or at least largely avoided.

For example, an antenna of the detection device can be designed both as a UWB antenna and as a Bluetooth antenna so that the detection device is particularly compact and simple. For example, respective antennas can also be designed exclusively for sending and / or receiving either UWB or Bluetooth signals in order to simplify signal evaluation.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that respective antennas of the detection device are arranged on a handle device of the access element, such as a door handle, or a rearview mirror of a motor vehicle. In particular, Bluetooth antennas of the detection device can be arranged on a handle device of the access element, such as a door handle, or a rearview mirror of a motor vehicle. Due to the arrangement on a handle device, for example, a correlation of the detected position relative to the detection device with a position relative to the access element can be dispensed with. The detection device can have a sensor, which for this purpose is designed to detect an access element position. For example, the detection device can be used to detect whether the access element is open, closed and / or at which opening angle the access element is located. The detection device can be designed, for example, to detect an opening angle of an access element designed as a door. The detection device can be designed to detect a position of the key element relative to a passage opening assigned to the access element as a function of the sensor data. Thus, for example, even when the access element is open, regardless of its position, it can be detected whether a person with the key element is crossing the assigned access opening. Alternatively, the detected position can also be used, for example, only in one access element position, for example only when the access element is closed. This simplifies the system and yet reliably avoids undesired access control controls. The arrangement on the rearview mirror enables the detection device to be centrally positioned with good detection of an outside area of the motor vehicle, in particular in the entire area around the motor vehicle, with little or no signal shielding.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the key element is designed to receive and / or send a Bluetooth radio signal and the key element is designed to receive and / or send a UWB radio signal. This enables a radio link between the key element and the detection device. In particular, an exchange of data can be made possible in this way. For example, a position calculation can also be carried out by the key element, with the respective recorded position data being transmitted to the key element. The calculated position can be sent by radio from the key element to the adjustment device. However, the adjustment device can alternatively or additionally receive the calculated position from the detection device, for example by cable or by radio. The detection device can be designed to receive and / or send a Bluetooth radio signal. The detection device can be designed to receive and / or send a UWB radio signal

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the key element is designed to send authorization information with the Bluetooth radio signal and / or the UWB radio signal. The authorization information can for example have an ID and / or an access code. The authorization information can be encrypted. The adjustment device can be designed to adjust the access element between its respective states as a function of the authorization information. For example, such an access element can only be opened for an authorized owner of a key element. For example, access restrictions can be implemented in buildings and / or only authorized persons can have access to a motor vehicle.

Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment device can be designed to control a further function, such as a motor vehicle function, as a function of the authorization information. For example, an air conditioning system or a seat can be set according to the stored setting of the person assigned to the key element and identifiable by the authorization information. For example, one person can also have access authorization but not drive authorization and another person can have access authorization and drive authorization. A corresponding release as a control of the further function can be implemented in the same way as, for example, an engine start release as a further function. Another function can be, for example, activating equipment, switching on lighting and / or controlling time recording.

In one embodiment of the access control system it can be provided that the access element is a building door. A building door can be an external door, for example, but also a hall door or room door within a building. The detection device can be designed to detect by radio the side of a door opening on which the detected position of the portable key element is. The adjusting device can be designed to adjust the building door between its respective states as a function of the side of the door opening on which the detected position of the portable key element is. For example, the building door can automatically be adjusted to its open position when approaching from the inside, in order to make it easier to exit. For example, the building door can only be automatically unlocked when approached from the outside in order to facilitate convenient access but still prevent access by unauthorized persons.

In one embodiment of the access control system it can be provided that the access element is a vehicle door. The vehicle door can be, for example, a driver's door, a passenger door, a rear door and / or also a sliding door. Access to a motor vehicle is thus facilitated.

In one embodiment of the access control system it can be provided that the detection device is designed to detect by radio whether and in which direction the key element has passed an access opening assigned to the access element. This detection of the passage of the access opening can take place, for example, by one or more successive position detections, in particular chronologically successive position detections. The access control system can have a time recording device which is designed to control time recording as a function of the recorded direction of passage through the access element by the key element. For example, when entering a vehicle, a building or a room in the building, a start of work or an end of a break can be recorded, and an end of work or a start of a break when leaving. The time recording can, for example, be assigned to a person as a function of the authorization information. In the case of vehicles, time recording can be particularly useful for commercially used vehicles such as taxis, buses, excavators or ambulances. The time recording can be saved on a central server or locally.

In one embodiment of the access control system, it can be provided that the key element is designed as a smartphone, smartwatch or as an item of clothing. This can ensure that the key element is close to the person. In addition, it can be particularly convenient for a user to carry the key element with him. The computing power of the key element, which is designed as a smartphone, can be used by the access control system, for example to calculate the position on the basis of the respective recorded position information.

In one embodiment of the access control system it can be provided that the detection device is designed to detect at least two successive positions of the portable key element relative to the detection device by means of radio. The two successive positions can be, for example, chronologically successive positions. The two successive positions can, for example, also be identical if the key element is not moved in the meantime. The detection device can, for example, be designed to detect the position of the key element with a predetermined detection frequency. A direction of movement and / or speed of movement of the key element can then be calculated from the respective successive positions, for example by means of the detection device. The detection device can be designed to detect the successive positions of the key element in each case on the basis of the combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. The adjustment device can be designed to adjust the access element between its respective states as a function of the two detected successive positions of the key element. For example, the direction of movement and the speed of movement can also be taken into account when adjusting the access element. For example, when approaching quickly, the access element can be moved into the open position when the key element is at a greater distance than when approaching slowly. The adjusting device can be designed to adjust the access element in its closed state when the key element is distanced from the access element and / or the detection device on the basis of the detected successive positions. As a result, the access element can be reset to the closed state particularly early, so that the access control system can prevent access by unauthorized persons in a particularly reliable manner. For example, in the case of rapid distancing, the access element can be moved into the closed position at a smaller distance between the key element than in the case of slow distancing.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling an access control of at least one access element, such as a door, that can be adjusted between a closed state and an open state. An access control can, for example, allow or prohibit access to an object, such as a building or a motor vehicle, through an access element. The method can in particular be designed to operate the access system according to the first aspect. The features and advantages resulting from the access control system according to the first aspect can be found in the descriptions of the first aspect, with advantageous refinements of the first aspect being regarded as advantageous refinements of the second aspect and vice versa.

The method can have a step of detecting at least one position of a portable key element relative to a detection device on the basis of a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. The method can include a step of controlling an adjustment of the access element between its states as a function of the have detected position of the portable key element.

In one embodiment of the method it can be provided that, in order to detect the position of the key element relative to the detection device, an angle of the key element relative to the detection device is determined on the basis of the Bluetooth radio signal. Alternatively or additionally, a distance of the key element relative to the detection device can be determined on the basis of the UWB radio signal.

Figure list

• 1 illustrates in a schematic view an access control system.
• 2 illustrates in a schematic view a method for controlling an access control.
• 3 illustrates in a schematic view a further embodiment of an access control system.

Detailed description of embodiments

1 shows a motor vehicle in a schematic view 10 with an access control system. This motor vehicle 10 has four access elements designed as doors 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th and an access element designed as a trunk lid 20th on. Each of the access elements designed as doors 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th has a window that appears in 1 is not shown further. Each of the access elements 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th and their respective windows can be automatically adjusted between a closed state and at least one open state. The respective access elements are in the locked state 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th locked and / or in their closed position. In the closed position, these block respective access openings to an interior of the motor vehicle 10 . The respective access elements are in the open state 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th unlocked and / or in their open position. In the respective open positions, the corresponding access openings are released at least to such an extent that a person can enter the interior of the motor vehicle 10 can get.

For automatic adjustment of the respective access elements 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th instructs the motor vehicle 10 an adjustment device 22nd on, which in operative connection with the respective access elements 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th stands. For example, the adjusting device 22nd each per access element 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th have an actuator which, if necessary, can unlock their lock and / or the access elements 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th for example can pivot.

Furthermore, the access control system of the motor vehicle 10 a detection device 24 which is designed to include at least one position of a portable key element 26th relative to the sensing device 24 and thus the motor vehicle 10 as well as its access elements 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th to be recorded by radio. The detection device 24 can for example in the motor vehicle 10 be installed. To determine the position of the key element 26th can the detection device 24 for example, have three antennas, which in the present case are on a common circuit carrier 30th are arranged. Here is a key portable item 26th shown, which is exemplified as a smartphone and by a user 28 is carried with you. The user 28 must be the key element 26th do not carry in hand. Carrying on the body, also indirectly with a handbag, is also regarded as carrying in the present case. The detection can cause a movement on the part of the user 28 and its distance and direction relative to the motor vehicle 10 to be determined.

The detection device 24 is designed to change the position of the key element 26th based on a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. For this purpose, the key element sends 26th both a UWB radio signal and a Bluetooth radio signal. The only UWB antenna 32 the detection device 24 is designed to receive the UWB radio signal. The UWB radio link between the acquisition device 24 and the key element 26th contains runtime information, with which the detection device 24 a distance between the sensing device 24 and the key element 26th can determine. The detection device 24 has at least two only slightly spaced apart Bluetooth antennas 34 which are each designed to receive the Bluetooth radio signal. The two bluetooth antennas 34 are arranged in a plane which is essentially parallel to a horizontal plane on which the motor vehicle 10 is turned off. The two bluetooth antennas 34 together with at least one controller, not shown, form a Bluetooth antenna array. Due to a transit time difference between the two Bluetooth antennas 34 when receiving the Bluetooth radio signal, an angle of the key element 26th to the detection device 24 be determined which in a horizontal plane of the motor vehicle 10 lies. This level corresponds to the 1 for example the image plane. The angle can be with respect to a reference direction 42 be determined, for example the forward direction of the motor vehicle 10 . This angle is in 1 by arrow 36 illustrated.

This fusion of UWB and Bluetooth radio signals can determine the position of the key element 26th relative to the motor vehicle 10 without triangulation using widely spaced antennas in the motor vehicle 10 be determined. So there is no cumbersome laying of cables in the motor vehicle 10 necessary to connect antennas. Instead, they are a few centimeters apart or less close to each other on the circuit board 30th arranged and over the circuit carrier 30th connected with each other. Alternatively, the UWB antenna 32 , in particular separate from the bluetooth antenna 34 , on a window, for example on a front or side window, of the motor vehicle 10 be arranged. In a further embodiment, the detection device has three, four or more Bluetooth antennas 34 on. For example, all of the respective Bluetooth antennas 34 be arranged in a common plane and / or a common axis. Even with more Bluetooth antennas 34 can do this on the circuit board 30th be arranged together.

2 illustrates schematically a method for controlling an access control, which is used for operating the access control system according to FIG 1 is trained. box 38 Fig. 11 illustrates a step of detecting at least one position of the portable key element 26th relative to a sensing device 24 based on a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. box 40 illustrates a step of controlling an adjustment of the respective access elements of the motor vehicle 10 between their states depending on the detected position of the portable key element 26th . In the step of detecting, detecting the position of the key element 26th relative to the sensing device 24 becomes an angle of the key element 26th relative to the sensing device 24 determined on the basis of the Bluetooth radio signal and a distance of the key element 26th relative to the sensing device 24 determined on the basis of the UWB radio signal. The respective access elements are adjusted, for example, by means of the adjusting device 22nd .

3 illustrates in a schematic view a further embodiment of the access control system. This embodiment can also be carried out with the method according to 2 being controlled. This embodiment has only a single access element designed as a building door 50 on, which in its closed position has a through opening through a wall 52 prevents and releases in its open position. The passage opening through the wall 52 is also known as a doorway. The building door can, for example, form a room door in a building or an entrance door to a building. The wall can accordingly 52 be an inner room wall or an outer wall.

The access control system according to 3 also has the detection device 24 on, the antennas of which are essentially the same as in the embodiment according to FIG 1 are designed. The detection device 24 also uses Bluetooth and UWB to detect an angle, indicated by an arrow 36 , the key element 26th relative to the reference direction 42 . In addition, there is also a clearance of the key element 26th to the receipt element 50 recorded. The reference direction 42 is in the embodiment according to 3 for example normal to the through opening in the wall 52 , which through access element 50 in 3 is locked. The adjustment device 22nd of the access control system according to 3 is also similar to that according to 1 formed, but in this embodiment only with the single access element 50 connected to its adjustment.

The detection device 24 according to 3 is also designed to use radio to detect on which side of the door opening the detected position of the portable key element 26th is. The adjustment device 22nd according to 3 is designed to switch the building door between its respective states depending on the side of the door opening on which the detected position of the portable key element 26th is to adjust. For example, the access element 50 only opened when the key element 26th on a particular side, such as an inside, of the access element 50 is located. Unless the key element 26th is on another side, such as an outside, the access element remains 50 closed against it.

The detection device 24 can be designed in both embodiments to have at least two chronologically successive positions of the portable key element relative to the detection device 24 to be recorded by radio. The adjustment device 22nd is designed in this case, the respective access element 12th , 14th , 16 , 18th , 20th respectively. 50 between their respective states as a function of the two successive detected positions of the key element 26th to adjust. As a result, an approach direction and approach speed can also be taken into account in the access control. Such an approximation is for example by arrow 54 in 3 illustrated.

In a variant of the embodiment according to FIG 3 be designed to detect by radio whether and in which direction the key element 26th the receipt element 50 assigned door opening happens. The access control system according to 3 has an optional time tracking device 56 which is designed to be dependent on the detected direction of passage through the access element 50 through the key element 26th to control a time recording. For example, time recording for an employee can be started automatically when entering the building and automatically stopped again when leaving. The time recording device 56 but can also in the embodiment according to 1 can be provided, for example to automatically record the working hours of taxi drivers or truck drivers.

List of reference symbols

10

Motor vehicle

12th

Receipt element

14th

Receipt element

16

Receipt element

18th

Receipt element

20th

Receipt element

22nd

Adjusting device

24

Detection device

26th

Key element

28

user

30th

Circuit carrier

32

UWB antenna

34

Bluetooth antenna

36

Arrow / angle

38

Step of capturing

40

Step of steering

42

Reference direction

50

Receipt element

52

Wall

54

arrow

56

Time recording device

Claims (15)

Access control system with - At least one access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50) adjustable between a closed state and an open state, - a detection device (24) which is designed to detect at least one position of a portable key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) by radio, and - An adjustment device (22) which is designed to adjust the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50) between its respective states as a function of the detected position of the key element (26), the detection device (24 ) is designed to detect a position of the key element (26) on the basis of a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal. Access control system according to Claim 1 , wherein the detection device (24) is designed to determine an angle (36) of the key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) on the basis of the Bluetooth radio signal and / or the detection device (24) is designed to determine a distance of the key element (26) relative to the detection device on the basis of the UWB radio signal. Access control system according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the detection device (24) comprises a UWB antenna (32). Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection device (24) has a Bluetooth antenna array. Access control system according to Claim 4 , wherein the Bluetooth antenna array has only a certain number of Bluetooth antennas (34), all of which are arranged on a common circuit carrier (30). Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein respective antennas (32, 34) of the detection device (24) on a handle device of the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50), such as a door handle, or a rearview mirror of a motor vehicle (10 ) are arranged. Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the key element (26) is designed to receive and / or send a Bluetooth radio signal and the key element (26) is designed to receive and / or send a UWB radio signal. Access control system according to Claim 7 , wherein the key element (26) is designed to send authorization information with the Bluetooth radio signal and / or the UWB radio signal, and the adjustment device (22) is designed to control the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20 ; 50) to be adjusted between its respective states as a function of the authorization information, and / or the adjustment device (22) is designed to to control another function, such as a motor vehicle function, depending on the authorization information. Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the access element (50) is a building door, the detection device (24) is designed to detect by radio on which side of a door opening the detected position of the portable key element (26) is, and the adjustment device (22) is designed to adjust the building door between its respective states depending on the side of the door opening on which the detected position of the portable key element (26) is. Access control system according to one of the preceding Claims 1 until 8th wherein the at least one access element (12, 14, 16, 18) is a vehicle door. .Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection device (24) is designed to detect by radio whether and in which direction the key element (26) is assigned to the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50) Access opening happens, and the access control system has a time recording device (56) which is designed to control a time recording as a function of the detected direction of passage through the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20; 50) by the key element (26) . Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the key element (26) is designed as a smartphone, smartwatch or as an item of clothing. Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection device (24) is designed to detect at least two successive positions of the portable key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) by radio, and the adjustment device (22) is designed to To adjust the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) between its respective states as a function of the two detected successive positions of the key element (26). Method for controlling an access control of at least one access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) adjustable between a closed state and an open state, the method comprising at least the following steps: - Detecting (38) at least one position of a portable key element (26) relative to a detection device (24) on the basis of a combination of a Bluetooth radio signal and a UWB radio signal; - Controlling an adjustment of the access element (12, 14, 16, 18, 20) between its states as a function of the detected position of the portable key element (26). Procedure according to Claim 14 , wherein for detecting the position of the key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) an angle (36) of the key element (26) relative to the detection device (24) is determined on the basis of the Bluetooth radio signal and / or a distance of the key element (26) is determined relative to the detection device (24) on the basis of the UWB radio signal.

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