DE102020112453A1 - Method of manufacturing an abutment and abutment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an abutment (1) for a bridge, whereby first a deep foundation (2) with at least one concrete bored pile (8) is carried out, a shaft (3) being drilled for the concrete bored pile (8) in which a reinforcement (5) is placed and then the shaft (3) is filled with concrete and a support beam (11) designed as a precast concrete part is placed on the hardened concrete bored pile (8). According to the invention, it is proposed that the support beam (11) has at least one cavity (12) in which an upper area (9) of the concrete bored pile (8) protruding beyond a defined level (4) and / or a connecting reinforcement (18) of the concrete bored pile ( 8) is placed. The invention also relates to an abutment (1) for a bridge with a deep foundation (2) which has at least one concrete bored pile (8) and a support beam (11) designed as a precast concrete part.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing an abutment for a bridge, whereby first a deep foundation is made with at least one concrete bored pile, a shaft being drilled for the concrete bored pile, in which a reinforcement is placed and then the shaft is filled with concrete and on The hardened concrete bored pile is placed on a support beam designed as a precast concrete part. Furthermore, the invention relates to an abutment for a bridge with a deep foundation, which has at least one concrete bored pile and a support beam designed as a precast concrete part.

From the DE 100 32 448 A1 a method for producing an abutment for a bridge is known, in which a foundation is first created. This foundation can be created, for example, by driving in bored piles. In a second process step, a head support is placed on the foundation and attached to the foundation. The head support can be provided, for example, as a precast concrete part. For fastening the head carrier, welding or screwing with subsequent encapsulation with a potting compound is disclosed. The disadvantage here is that steel sleeves must be provided in the head support for the fastening methods disclosed. In addition, welding or screwing is complex and prone to errors. In addition, the connection is susceptible to corrosion. In addition, a relatively long blocking period is required for a bridge to be rehabilitated at this point.

The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a manufacturing method and an abutment which ensures an improved connection between a foundation and a support provided on the foundation and enables the support to be produced quickly with a short blocking time.

The object is achieved by a method for producing an abutment and by an abutment with the features of the independent claims.

In the method for producing an abutment for a bridge, a deep foundation is first made with at least one concrete bored pile. A shaft is drilled for the concrete bored pile, in which reinforcement is placed. The shaft is then filled with concrete and a support beam designed as a precast concrete part is placed on the hardened concrete bored pile. According to the invention it is proposed that the support beam has at least one cavity in which an upper area of the concrete bored pile protruding beyond a defined level and / or a connecting reinforcement of the concrete bored pile is placed.

On the one hand, an at least partially positive connection between the concrete bored pile and the support beam can be established through the cavity in the support beam and the upper area placed therein or the connection reinforcement placed therein. As a result, the abutment can be loaded in a very short time. In particular, transverse forces, that is to say forces perpendicular to a longitudinal extension of the concrete borehole pile, can also advantageously be transmitted between the support beam and the concrete bored pile and be diverted to the subsurface. The upper area or the connection reinforcement are preferably completely enclosed by the support beam or by the cavity of the support beam from the time the support beam is placed and thus protected against external influences.

The defined level is usually generated when preparing the drilling for the shaft. For this purpose, for example, a surface provided for the bore is leveled and a ground level is thus generated. On the other hand, an excavation pit can be dug, for example, and thus an excavation level can be created. It is conceivable that the defined level is generated or restored only after the concrete bored pile has hardened, in that the hardened concrete bored pile is partially exposed by excavation.

The method according to the invention can be part of a more extensive method for the renovation of a bridge. For example, the deep foundation of the method according to the invention can be carried out during a first closure of the bridge to be renovated. During the hardening of the concrete, the concrete bored pile can, for example, be completely covered by earth or loose material. The bridge to be rehabilitated can be used for traffic as before while the concrete is hardening. During a second blocking after hardening, the upper area and / or the connection reinforcement of the concrete bored pile can be exposed, the support beam can be put in place and, if necessary, further process steps can be carried out to rehabilitate or rebuild the bridge to be rehabilitated.

The shaft for the concrete bored pile can be produced in a manner known per se with a rotary drilling device. To support the shaft during and after drilling, the shaft can, for example, be piped. The use of a support liquid is also conceivable. The reinforcement can, for example, be designed as a reinforcement cage and lifted into the shaft. It may be necessary to assemble several reinforcement cages for reinforcement.

The concrete can be poured into the shaft, for example, using the so-called contractor method from bottom to top. For this purpose, a concreting pipe is inserted into the manhole and slowly moved upwards while it is being filled. The liquid concrete flows out of the lower end of the pouring pipe. In this way, impurities and water are displaced upwards out of the shaft and a high-quality concrete column is created.

The connection reinforcement can, for example, be the partially exposed reinforcement of the concrete bored pile. However, it is also conceivable that the connection reinforcement is provided in addition to the reinforcement and, if necessary, has a different structure. In this case, the connecting reinforcement can in particular be connected to the reinforcement. The connection can be made, for example, by welding, screwing or pressing with connecting sleeves.

It is advantageous if the cavity of the support beam and / or the upper area of the concrete bored pile are at least partially provided with a profile. The profiling increases the friction between the cavity and the upper area due to a rough surface structure. This promotes a positive connection between the components. On the other hand, the profiling improves adhesion and a connection with any potting material with which the concrete bored pile and the support beam may be connected. As already indicated, the profiling primarily means a deliberately created rough surface. The profiling can be regular or irregular.

For example, the profiling can already be provided in the casting mold for the cavity of the support beam. The profiling is thus already present when the support beam is manufactured. On the other hand, the profiling can also be added after production by machining the surface of the cavity. The upper area of the concrete bored pile can be provided with the profiling after the concrete has hardened, for example by chipping off parts of the surface.

It is also advantageous if the upper area of the concrete bored pile is produced using formwork. The formwork allows the upper area of the concrete bored pile to be produced in a defined manner. The upper area can be exposed by removing the formwork without additional excavation work. It is conceivable that the upper area of the concrete bored pile produced by the formwork deviates from the typical cylindrical shape of a concrete bored pile. The upper area can be cuboid, for example. Through the formwork, the upper area can already be cast with a profile, for example. The formwork can for example consist of wood, steel, aluminum or plastic.

In an advantageous further development of the method, the upper area of the concrete bored pile is at least partially removed before the support beam is placed. Above all, if the concrete bored pile is produced by means of the contractor method described above, a low-quality tip of the concrete bored pile can be removed as a result. The profiling described can also already be generated by the removal. For example, the reinforcement or connecting reinforcement can also be exposed.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the reinforcement and the formwork are connected as a functional unit with the shaft for the production of the concrete bored pile, the formwork being removed after the concrete bored pile has hardened. The process steps of lifting the reinforcement and placing the formwork can thus be combined. The result is a more efficient operation of the process. The reinforcement can possibly serve as an aid for centering the formwork over the shaft. As already indicated, the functional unit primarily means that the reinforcement and the formwork can be lifted or put on together. For this purpose, the reinforcement and the formwork are preferably detachably connected to one another.

There are also advantages if the support beam is placed with a lower edge on a gravel bed when it is placed on the concrete bored pile, the gravel bed serving at least temporarily as a support for the support beam. Due to the support on the gravel bed, the weight of the support beam is initially at least not completely borne by the concrete bored pile. Any grouting of the space between the concrete bored pile and the support beam (see below) is thus made easier. The support beam can also be aligned through the gravel bed and, in particular, brought into the balance.

The gravel bed consists of a heaped and possibly leveled layer of gravel. Chippings are artificially broken aggregates, the grain size of the chippings being between 2 and 32 mm, for example. A defined, stable and water-permeable subsoil can advantageously be formed from the chippings.

It is particularly advantageous if, after placement, a space between the support beam and the concrete bored pile is cast. The grouting creates a solid connection between the support beam and the concrete bored pile. In addition, in this way the upper area of the concrete bored pile and the cavity are sealed off in a watertight manner and, in particular, protected from corrosion. The potting material can be concrete, for example. A synthetic resin as a potting material is also conceivable. The gravel bed described can, for example, prevent the potting material from escaping from the cavity. For example, the gravel bed can be removed after the potting material has hardened.

It is also advantageous if the support beam has at least one first opening and preferably a second opening through which the space between the support beam and the concrete bored pile is potted. The potting material can be filled into the cavity through the first opening. The second opening is preferably used for venting during encapsulation. The first opening and possibly the second opening are preferably located in an upper side of the support beam. The first opening and possibly the second opening can, for example, already be provided when the support beam is being poured. However, it is also conceivable that the openings are added afterwards, for example by drilling.

There are particular advantages if the deep foundation comprises at least two, preferably three concrete bored piles. With two concrete bored piles, the number of possible degrees of freedom of movement of the abutment or the entire bridge is already significantly reduced. This increases the stability and thus the safety of the bridge. Another concrete bored pile can further increase the stability. The three concrete bored piles can for example be arranged on a common straight line. It is conceivable that a corresponding cavity is provided in the support beam for two of the three concrete bored piles. The third concrete bored pile can, for example, essentially serve to carry vertical loads. In particular, a cavity can be provided for each of two outer concrete bored piles and, for example, no hollow space can be provided for a concrete bored pile arranged centrally between the outer concrete bored piles.

It is also conceivable that cavities of different dimensions are provided for different concrete bored piles. For example, a significantly smaller cavity or only a recess can be provided for the central concrete bored pile described above. The cavity for the central concrete bored pile can, for example, serve exclusively to center the support beam, the outer cavities also supporting the absorption of transverse forces. A separate cavity can be provided in the support beam for the concrete bored piles, or a common cavity is provided for several concrete bored piles.

It is also advantageous if, in addition to the reinforcement, a preferably profiled steel pipe is also placed at least partially in the shaft. The steel pipe can bring about a further improved transmission of forces between the concrete bored pile and the support beam. In addition, the steel pipe can form a defined surface for the removal of the upper area of the concrete bored pile. For example, in the upper area of the concrete bored pile, just as much concrete can be removed radially from the outside inwards until the surface of the steel pipe is exposed. Profiling the steel tube has the same advantages as the profiling of the upper area already described, namely in particular improved force transmission and improved adhesion of any potting material.

For improved distribution of the concrete on the one hand when pouring the concrete bored pile and on the other hand of the grouting material, the steel pipe can have recesses, for example in the form of bores. The reinforcement of the concrete bored pile can be located inside and / or outside the steel pipe.

The abutment according to the invention for a bridge comprises a deep foundation and a support beam designed as a precast concrete part. The deep foundation comprises at least one concrete bored pile. According to the invention it is proposed that the support beam has at least one cavity into which the concrete bored pile and / or a connecting reinforcement of the concrete bored pile extends.

The abutment is produced in particular according to the production method of the preceding description. The physical features mentioned can be present individually or in any combination on the abutment. In particular, the abutment realizes the advantages already described. The abutment is inexpensive and quick to manufacture and yet extremely stable.

It is also advantageous if the deep foundation comprises at least two, preferably three concrete bored piles. As already described, the mobility of the abutment or the entire bridge is already significantly reduced with two concrete bored piles. This increases the stability and thus the Bridge safety. Another concrete bored pile can further increase the stability. The three concrete bored piles can for example be arranged on a common straight line. It is conceivable that a corresponding cavity is provided in the support beam for two of the three concrete bored piles. The third concrete bored pile can, for example, essentially serve to carry vertical loads. In particular, a cavity can be provided for each of two outer concrete bored piles and, for example, no hollow space can be provided for a concrete bored pile arranged centrally between the outer concrete bored piles.

Cavities of different dimensions can also be provided for different concrete bored piles. For example, a significantly smaller cavity can be provided for the central concrete bored pile described above than for the outer concrete bored piles. A separate cavity can be provided in the support beam for the concrete bored piles, or a common cavity is provided for several concrete bored piles.

In an advantageous development of the abutment, the concrete bored pile has a preferably profiled steel tube. The steel pipe can bring about a further improved transmission of forces between the concrete bored pile and the support beam. The steel pipe can have recesses, for example in the form of bores. The reinforcement of the concrete bored pile can be located inside and / or outside the steel pipe.

• 1 geschnittene Seitenansichten mehrerer Verfahrensschritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• 2 eine geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Widerlagers vor einem Vergießen,
• 3 eine geschnittene Seitenansicht des Widerlagers aus 2 nach dem Vergießen,
• 4 eine geschnittene Rückansicht eines Auflagerbalkens,
• 5 eine geschnittene Rückansicht eines Widerlagers, und
• 6 eine schematische Ansicht zweier Widerlager einer Brücke.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. It shows:

• 1 sectional side views of several method steps of the method according to the invention,
• 2 a sectional side view of an abutment before potting,
• 3 a cut side view of the abutment 2 after pouring,
• 4th a sectional rear view of a support beam,
• 5 a sectional rear view of an abutment, and
• 6th a schematic view of two abutments of a bridge.

In the following description of the figures, the same reference symbols are used for features that are identical and / or at least comparable in the various figures. The individual features, their design and / or mode of action are usually only explained in detail when they are first mentioned. If individual features are not explained again in detail, their design and / or mode of action corresponds to the design and mode of action of the already described identically acting or identically named features.

1 shows, from left to right, in a rough chronological sequence and in sectioned side views, a sequence of the method according to the invention. First of all, for the manufacture of an abutment 1 (please refer 2 ) a deep foundation 2 performed. To do this, a shaft is first required 3 below a defined level 4th drilled. Then in the shaft 3 a reinforcement 5 placed. The reinforcement 5 is particularly in the shaft 3 lifted (indicated by the arrow). In this example the reinforcement is 5 with a formwork 6th connected as a functional unit. The reinforcement 5 is in the shaft 3 lifted in and those on the reinforcement 5 fortified formwork 6th is on the shaft 3 or the defined level 4th put on.

In addition to the reinforcement 5 can - as in this example - a steel pipe 7th in the shaft 3 to be placed. By filling in the shaft 3 and the formwork 6th with concrete becomes a concrete bored pile 8th manufactured. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork 6th removed. The concrete bored pile 8th then has an upper area 9 on who is above the defined level 4th protrudes. The upper area 9 of the concrete bored pile 8th can, for example, after the concrete has hardened and the formwork has been removed 6th are partially removed. In the course of this, the upper area 9 at the same time as profiling 10 are provided in a targeted roughening or structuring of the surface of the upper area 9 consists. Alternatively, the concrete can be used in the upper area 9 also completely up to the particularly profiled surface of the steel pipe 7th be removed.

A support beam designed as a precast concrete part 11 is then on the concrete bored pile 8th put on (indicated by the arrow), with the support beam 11 at least one cavity 12th has, in which the upper area 9 of the concrete bored pile 8th is placed. The cavity 12th of the support beam 11 is in particular also with a profiling 10 Mistake.

2 and 3 show in one to 1 analogous sectional side view the final process steps to complete the abutment 1 . In 2 is initially also shown that the support beam 11 at least temporarily on a gravel bed 13th is launched. The gravel bed 13th can be used, for example, to compensate for the height between the defined level 4th and the concrete bored pile 8th be used. Between the upper area 9 of the concrete bored pile 8th and the cavity 12th results after placing the support beam 11 a gap 14th which is potted in particular. For this purpose, the support beam 11 a first opening 15th on, through which a potting compound in the space 14th can be directed. The support beam preferably has 11 also a second opening 16 on, which is used for venting when filling the potting compound.

3 shows the completed abutment 1 after the casting compound has hardened. The concrete bored pile 8th and the support beam 11 are firmly connected to each other. By initially protruding the concrete bored pile 8th in the support beam 11 Particularly in the case of transverse forces, there is an advantageous transmission of forces between the support beam 11 and the concrete bored pile 8th . The first opening 15th and the second opening 16 are also completed, for example, by the potting compound in the course of potting. As a result, in particular, no water can get into the abutment 1 penetration. Additionally or alternatively, the first opening 15th and the second opening 16 be closed, for example, from above by sealing caps.

4th shows a support beam 11 for the method according to the invention and the abutment according to the invention 1 in a sectioned rear view. The support beam 11 is designed as a precast concrete part. On both sides of the support beam 11 each is a cavity 12th for a concrete bored pile 8th intended. In the middle of the support beam 11 is one compared to the cavities 12th much smaller recess 17th intended. This recess 17th serves to simplify the positioning of a third concrete bored pile 8th which, for example, essentially absorbs vertical forces. Instead of the recess 17th can the support beam 11 but also another cavity 12th exhibit. The profiling 10 of the cavities 12th is already used, for example, during the manufacture of the support beam 11 intended.

5 shows the support beam 11 the end 4th after connecting with three concrete bored piles 8th . The support beam 11 and the concrete bored piles 8th form the abutment 1 for a bridge. In contrast to the exemplary embodiments of 1 until 3 point the concrete bored piles 8th in this embodiment no steel pipe 7th on. The two outer concrete bored piles 8th each have a connection reinforcement here 18th on that in particular with the reinforcement 5 of the respective concrete bored pile 8th connected is. During the manufacture of the abutment 1 were the connecting reinforcements 18th in the respective cavity 12th of the support beam 11 placed.

6th Figure 11 shows an isometric schematic view of a pair of opposing abutments 1 . The abutments 1 each have deep foundations 2 with three concrete bored piles 8th on. In addition, the abutments each have a support beam 11 on. On the abutments 1 In particular, one or more steel or concrete girders or a combination thereof with connected support plates made of steel or concrete (not shown) can be arranged in order to bridge the distance between the abutments. A track or rails can in turn be arranged on the support plates.

The present invention is not restricted to the illustrated and described exemplary embodiment. Modifications within the scope of the patent claims are just as possible as a combination of the features, even if they are shown and described in different exemplary embodiments.

List of reference symbols

1

Abutment

2

Deep foundation

3

Manhole

4th

defined level

5

Reinforcement

6th

formwork

7th

Steel pipe

8th

Concrete bored pile

9

upper area

10

Profiling

11

Support beam

12th

cavity

13th

Gravel bed

14th

Space

15th

first opening

16

second opening

17th

Recess

18th

Connection reinforcement

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 10032448 A1 [0002]

Claims (13)

Method for the production of an abutment (1) for a bridge, whereby first a deep foundation (2) with at least one concrete bored pile (8) is carried out, whereby a shaft (3) is drilled for the concrete bored pile (8), in which a reinforcement (5 ) is placed and then the shaft (3) is filled with concrete and a support beam (11) designed as a precast concrete part is placed on the hardened concrete bored pile (8), characterized in that the support beam (11) has at least one cavity (12), in which an upper area (9) of the concrete bored pile (8) protruding beyond a defined level (4) and / or a connecting reinforcement (18) of the concrete bored pile (8) is placed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (12) of the support beam (11) and / or the upper area (9) of the concrete bored pile (8) are at least partially provided with a profile (10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper region (9) of the concrete bored pile (8) is produced with the aid of formwork (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper region (9) of the concrete bored pile (8) is at least partially removed before the support beam (11) is placed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (5) and the formwork (6) are connected as a functional unit with the shaft (3) for the production of the concrete bored pile (8), the formwork (6) according to the Hardening of the concrete bored pile (8) is removed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support beam (11) is placed with a lower edge on a gravel bed (13) when it is placed on the concrete bored pile (8), the gravel bed (13) at least temporarily as a support for the support beam ( 11) is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the placement, an intermediate space (14) is cast between the support beam (11) and the concrete bored pile (8). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support beam (11) has at least one first opening (15) and preferably a second opening (16) through which the space (14) between the support beam (11) and the concrete bored pile (8) is potted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deep foundation (2) comprises at least two, preferably three concrete bored piles (8). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, in addition to the reinforcement (5), a preferably profiled steel pipe (7) is also placed at least partially in the shaft (3). Abutment (1) for a bridge with a deep foundation (2) which comprises at least one concrete bored pile (8) and a support beam (11) designed as a precast concrete part, characterized in that the support beam (11) has at least one cavity (12), in which the concrete bored pile (8) and / or a connecting reinforcement (18) of the concrete bored pile (8) extends. Abutment (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the deep foundation (2) comprises at least two, preferably three concrete bored piles (8). Abutment (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the concrete bored pile (8) has a preferably profiled steel tube (7).

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