DE102020111419A1 - Electric vehicle with a braking device and method for braking the electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

There is an electric vehicle 1 with at least a first and a second wheel 2, 3, with an electric drive device 6 for transmitting a drive torque to at least one of the two wheels 2, 3, with a braking device 9 for transmitting a mechanical braking torque to at least one of the two Wheels 2, 3, with an actuating device 10 for actuating the braking device 9, the actuating device 10 having a manually actuatable handbrake lever 11, the handbrake lever 11 being pivotable about a pivot axis S when actuated in a first and in a second actuation area B1, B2 , with a control device 13 for controlling the drive device 6, the control device 13 being designed to operate the electric drive device 6 as an electric brake in order to transmit an electric braking torque to the wheel 2, 3 that can be driven by the drive device 6, with a Leverage When the handbrake lever 11 is in the first actuation area B1, at least the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device 6 and, when the handbrake lever 11 is in a lever position in the second actuation range B2, the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device 6 and the mechanical braking torque is provided by the braking device 9.

Description

The invention relates to an electric vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for braking the electric vehicle.

For braking two-wheeled vehicles, e.g. bicycles or scooters, mechanical or hydraulic braking systems are usually used, which are designed, for example, as rim brakes or disc brakes for front and / or rear wheels. To actuate the brake system, a handbrake lever attached to a handlebar of the two-wheeler is arranged, which by pivoting transfers a braking force to the brake. In the case of electrically operated two-wheelers in particular, braking can also take place by means of electrical recuperation with the aid of an electric motor.

For example, the document discloses DE 102012209223 A1 a brake system for a motorcycle with a hydraulic brake device with at least one first master brake cylinder and at least one first wheel brake cylinder, which is hydraulically connected or connectable to the first master cylinder at least via a first brake circuit and can be assigned to at least one first wheel in such a way that the at least one first wheel can be braked by means of the at least one first wheel brake cylinder. Furthermore, the brake system has an electric motor which can be assigned to at least one second wheel in such a way that at least the second wheel can be braked by means of the electric motor, the electric motor being assignable to at least one wheel brake cylinder-free wheel as the at least one second wheel.

It is an object of the present invention to propose an electric vehicle which is characterized by improved braking behavior.

This object is achieved by an electric vehicle with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 10. Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims, the following description and / or the attached figures.

The invention relates to an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle can be designed as a single or multi-lane electric vehicle. For example, the single-track electric vehicle is designed as an electric bicycle, e.g. as a pedelec or e-bike, or as an electric motorcycle or as an electric scooter. For example, the multi-lane electric vehicle is a motorized or electrically driven transport or cargo bike, specifically a three-wheel or four-wheel pedelec or a rickshaw. Alternatively, the multi-lane electric vehicle can also be designed, for example, as an electrically operated Segway, kickboard, skateboard or the like.

The electric vehicle has at least or precisely a first and a second wheel. In particular, one wheel is designed as a front wheel and the other wheel is designed as a rear wheel. Optionally, the electric vehicle can have at least one further wheel, in particular a further front wheel and / or a further rear wheel. In particular, at least one of the wheels, preferably the at least one front wheel, is designed as a steerable wheel. For this purpose, the electric vehicle preferably has a handlebar, the handlebar being pivotably connected to the at least one steerable wheel in order to carry out a steering movement. In particular, a driver can manually steer the electric vehicle by means of the handlebar.

The electric vehicle has an electric drive device which is designed and / or suitable for transmitting a drive torque to at least or precisely one of the two wheels. The drive device is preferably designed as an electrical machine. The electric vehicle preferably has an electric accumulator which is electrically connected to the drive device. The accumulator is used to store electrical energy with which the drive device can be operated as an electric motor.

In particular, the electric drive device is used to drive one or more wheels of the electric vehicle directly in order to drive the electric vehicle exclusively electrically. In particular, the electrical machine is designed as a wheel-integrated direct drive for this purpose. Alternatively, the electric drive device serves to support a muscle-powered drive of the electric vehicle in order to drive the electric vehicle in addition to the muscle power of the driver.

The electric vehicle has a braking device which is designed and / or suitable for transmitting a mechanical braking torque to at least or precisely one of the two wheels. In particular, the braking device is designed as a front wheel brake which is used to brake one or more front wheels of the electric vehicle. Alternatively, the braking device or, optionally, a further braking device, is designed as a rear wheel brake, which is used to brake one or more rear wheels of the electric vehicle. The braking device is preferably designed as a mechanical brake, in particular as a friction brake, the braking device being the at least one wheel brakes due to friction during braking. For example, the braking device can be designed as a drum brake, a disc brake or a rim brake. In particular, the brake device is designed as a brake device arranged concentrically to the wheel, which can be actuated by a concentric brake cylinder (CBC) as a brake receiver.

The electric vehicle has an actuating device which is designed and / or suitable for actuating the braking device. In particular, the actuating device is designed as a brake transmitter, which is in operative connection with a brake receiver of the braking device in order to transmit an actuating force. The actuating device is preferably used for mechanical and / or hydraulic and / or electrical actuation of the braking device. The actuating device is preferably arranged on the handlebar of the electric vehicle.

The actuating device has a manually actuatable handbrake lever which, when actuated, can be pivoted about a pivot axis in a first and in a second actuation area. In particular, the driver actuates the handbrake lever in order to reduce a driving speed of the electric vehicle, to brake it and / or to stop it. The actuating device is preferably arranged in a grip area of the handlebar so that the handbrake lever can be actuated by hand by the driver. The first and the second actuation area are each to be understood as a swivel area in which the handbrake lever can be swiveled when actuated. The first actuation area is defined between a basic position and an intermediate position of the handbrake lever and the second actuation area is defined between the intermediate position and an end position of the handbrake lever. In particular, the handbrake lever can be pivoted from the basic position in the direction of the end position when the driver actuates the handbrake lever by exerting pressure on the handbrake lever. The handbrake lever is preferably automatically returned to the basic position when the driver finishes actuating the handbrake lever and releases the pressure therefrom. The handbrake lever is particularly preferably arranged pivotably on or in a housing of the actuating device.

The electric vehicle has a control device which is designed and / or suitable for controlling the drive device. In particular, the control device is formed by power electronics of the electric vehicle. The control device is preferably designed to regulate and / or control the drive torque. For this purpose, the electric vehicle can have, for example, a gas lever which can be actuated by the driver by hand or foot, the control device being designed to set the drive torque as a function of a lever position of the gas lever. The control device is designed to operate the electric drive device as an electric brake in order to transmit an electric braking torque to the wheel that can be driven by the drive device. In particular, the control device is designed to operate the drive device as a generator when the actuation device is actuated, in order to provide the electrical braking torque by means of a generator operation. A charging current for charging the accumulator is preferably generated in the generator mode, so that the electrical braking torque is generated by means of recuperation. The control device is particularly preferably designed to regulate and / or control the electrical braking torque.

In the context of the invention, it is proposed that, when the handbrake lever is in a lever position in the first actuation area, at least the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device. In particular, when the lever is in the first actuation area, only the electrical braking torque is provided. When the handbrake lever is in a lever position in the second actuation range, the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device and, in addition, the mechanical braking torque is provided by the braking device. When the handbrake lever is actuated from the basic position, the electrical braking torque is preferably first transmitted to the at least one driven wheel until the intermediate position is reached. Subsequently, with a further actuation from the intermediate position in the direction of the end position, in addition to the electrical braking torque, the mechanical braking torque is transmitted to the at least one brakable wheel. In particular, the mechanical and electrical brakes can thus be actuated jointly by the handbrake lever. The actuating device is preferably designed to detect a current lever position of the handbrake lever and to transmit it to the control device, the control device being designed to control the drive device as a function of the lever position.

The advantage of the invention is, in particular, that the electrical and mechanical braking torque during a braking process can be optimally divided by the control device as a function of the lever position. As a result, a safe and sensible braking force distribution can be implemented on the wheels of the electric vehicle during the braking process, so that the braking behavior of the electric vehicle and thus control of the electric vehicle when braking can be significantly improved. In addition, the electric drive device can be used effectively as an electric brake or as a generator.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the control device is designed to set the electrical braking torque when the handbrake lever is actuated, at least within the first actuation range, proportionally to the lever position. In particular, the electrical braking torque is increased linearly when the handbrake lever is pivoted in the first operating range until the intermediate position is reached. The electrical braking torque can then be kept at a constant level when the handbrake lever is in a lever position in the second actuation range or can be increased as a function of the mechanical braking torque in such a way that, when the mechanical braking torque is added, a continuous increase in the total braking torque results. In this way, particularly effective braking can be achieved with full utilization of the electric drive device.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the handbrake lever can be moved to the braking device without transmission when actuated in the first actuation area, so that only the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device when the handbrake lever is in a lever position in the first actuation area. In particular, “transmission-free” is to be understood as meaning that the actuating device and the braking device are decoupled from one another when the handbrake lever is pivoted within the first actuating area, or no force is transmitted to the braking device via the handbrake lever. The braking device is preferably actuated or switched on only when the first actuation range is exceeded or when the intermediate position is reached. Thus, an electric vehicle is proposed which is initially only braked by the electric brake when the handbrake lever is actuated. As a result, the electric drive device can be used efficiently and wear on the braking device can be significantly reduced.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the electric vehicle is designed as a miniature electric vehicle. In particular, a small electric vehicle is to be understood as an electric vehicle without a seat or a self-balancing electric vehicle with or without a seat. The electric vehicle is particularly preferably designed as an electric scooter, also known as an electric scooter or e-scooter. The electric scooter preferably has exactly one front wheel and exactly one rear wheel, the braking device being used to brake the front and / or rear wheel and the drive device being used to drive the front or rear wheel.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the actuating device has a spring device. In particular, the spring device is designed as a compression spring, in particular as a helical spring. The function of the spring device is to record a movement of the handbrake lever when pivoting within the first actuation area and to deliver a movement of the handbrake lever as the actuation force to the braking device when it is pivoted within the second actuation area. In particular, for this purpose the spring device can be supported on the hand brake lever on the one hand and on a transmission element of the actuating device on the other hand. The spring device is preferably designed in such a way that, when the handbrake lever is actuated within the first actuating device, it completely or almost completely absorbs the actuating force applied by the handbrake lever and transfers the actuating force partially or completely to the transmission element during a further actuation within the second actuation area. In other words, the actuation force is only transmitted to the transmission element when the handbrake lever has exceeded the first actuation range or the intermediate position has been reached. Particularly preferably, the spring device can model a braking characteristic when the handbrake lever is actuated in the first actuation area. The stiffness of the handbrake lever during actuation within the first actuation range can be determined by the spring device. Optionally, the spring device can also serve to return the handbrake lever to the basic position. Compensation of the transmission in the first actuation area is thus achieved in a simple manner by the spring device.

In a further development it is provided that the actuating device is designed as a hydraulic actuating device. In particular, for this purpose the actuating device is connected to the braking device via a hydraulic path, in particular via a hydraulic line. The actuating device has a piston chamber and an actuating piston which is axially movable in the piston chamber, in particular as the transmission element. In particular, the piston chamber is designed as a cylindrical pressure chamber which is filled and / or can be filled with a fluid, in particular a hydraulic oil. In particular, when the actuating force is transmitted to the actuating piston, a column of fluid in the direction of the Brake device moved to operate the braking device. The spring device is supported on the actuating piston in order to transmit the actuating force to the actuating piston. In a lever position of the handbrake lever in the first actuation area, the spring device preferably has a spring force which is less than or equal to a counterforce acting on the actuation piston. Thus, when the handbrake lever is actuated, the actuating piston remains at least approximately stationary within the first actuating area, so that the actuating force is largely absorbed by the spring device. When the handbrake lever is in a lever position in the second actuation area, the spring device preferably has a spring force which is greater than the counterforce acting on the actuation piston. Thus, when the handbrake lever is actuated, the actuating piston is displaced within the first actuating area in the piston chamber, so that the actuating force is transmitted to the actuating piston via the spring device. In particular, the counterforce is defined by a frictional force acting on the actuating piston and / or by the fluid pressure prevailing in the piston chamber. Thus, an actuating device is proposed which is characterized by a simple and inexpensive structure.

In a development it is provided that the actuating piston has a first and a second piston part. In particular, the first and second piston parts are designed as two separate piston parts. The two piston parts can be moved relative to one another in the axial direction, in particular with respect to a piston axis. The first piston part is coupled in terms of movement to the handbrake lever and the second piston part delimits the piston space in the axial direction in relation to the piston axis with a pressure surface. The first piston part preferably has a piston rod, via which the first piston part is connected to the handbrake lever. In particular, the pressure surface is acted upon and / or can be acted upon by the fluid pressure in an operating state. The spring device is arranged axially between the two piston parts, so that when the handbrake lever is pivoted in the first actuation area, a movement of the first piston part is compensated by the spring device, and when the handbrake lever is pivoted in the second actuation area, a movement of the first piston part via the spring device is compensated for second piston part is transferred. In particular, only the first actuating piston is moved relative to the second piston part when the handbrake lever is pivoted in the first actuating area, the second piston part remaining at least approximately stationary in the piston chamber. In particular, when the handbrake lever is pivoted in the second actuation area, the first and second actuating pistons are moved together in the piston space, so that the braking device is actuated. Thus, an actuating device is proposed which is characterized by a particularly compact structure.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the actuating device has a sensor device which is designed and / or suitable for detecting a lever position of the handbrake lever. The sensor device is preferably designed to detect the lever position of the handbrake lever in a contactless manner, for example magnetically and / or optically and / or electrically and / or acoustically. In particular, the sensor device is designed as a displacement sensor. The sensor device is preferably arranged fixedly on the housing, the handbrake lever being pivotable relative to the sensor device. The sensor device for transmitting the detected lever position is preferably connected to the control device in terms of signals. The control device is particularly preferably designed to evaluate the detected lever position and to control the drive device based on the detected lever position.

In one specification, it is provided that the sensor device has a magnetic field sensor and a magnet for generating a magnetic field. In particular, the magnetic field sensor is used to measure the magnetic field or to detect a change in the magnetic field. The magnet is preferably designed as a permanent magnet which generates a permanent magnetic field as the magnetic field. The magnetic field sensor can be designed as a capacitive or inductive magnetic field sensor. When the handbrake lever is actuated, the magnet can be moved relative to the magnetic field sensor, so that the lever position of the handbrake lever can be detected as a change in the magnetic field. The magnet is preferably arranged in a detection area of the magnetic field sensor on the handbrake lever. The magnet is arranged at a first distance in the basic position and at a second distance from the magnetic field sensor in a lever position in the first or second actuation area. When the handbrake lever is actuated, the distance or the lever position can thus be detected as a change in the magnetic field. Thus, a sensor device is proposed which works without contact and without wear and at the same time is constructed to be insensitive to the effects of the weather and soiling.

• - Verschwenken eines Handbremshebels innerhalb eines ersten Betätigungsbereichs;
• - Erfassen einer Hebelstellung des Handbremshebels in dem ersten Betätigungsbereich;
• - Bereitstellen eines elektrischen Bremsmoments durch eine elektrische Antriebsvorrichtung in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Hebelstellung in dem ersten Betätigungsbereich;
• - Verschwenken des Handbremshebels innerhalb eines zweiten Betätigungsbereichs;
• - Erfassen einer Hebelstellung des Handbremshebels in dem zweiten Betätigungsbereich;
• - Bereitstellen eines mechanischen Bremsmoments zusätzlich zu dem elektrischen Bremsmoment durch eine Bremsvorrichtung in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Hebelstellung in dem zweiten Betätigungsbereich.

Another object of the invention relates to a method for braking the Electric vehicle, as already described above, comprising the following steps:

• Pivoting a hand brake lever within a first operating range;
• - Detecting a lever position of the handbrake lever in the first operating range;
• - Provision of an electrical braking torque by an electrical drive device as a function of the detected lever position in the first actuation area;
• - Pivoting the handbrake lever within a second operating range;
• - Detecting a lever position of the handbrake lever in the second operating range;
• - Provision of a mechanical braking torque in addition to the electrical braking torque by a braking device as a function of the detected lever position in the second actuation area.

• 1 ein Elektrofahrzeug in einer stark schematisierten Darstellung als ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 2 eine Betätigungsvorrichtung des Elektrofahrzeugs aus 1 in einer schematischen Darstellung;
• 3 die Betätigungsvorrichtung der 2 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung.

Further features, advantages and effects emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention. Show:

• 1 an electric vehicle in a highly schematic representation as an embodiment of the invention;
• 2 an actuator of the electric vehicle 1 in a schematic representation;
• 3 the actuator of the 2 in a schematic sectional view.

1 shows an electric vehicle in a highly schematic representation 1 as an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the electric vehicle is 1 designed as a single-track electric scooter, in particular known as a so-called electric scooter or e-scooter.

The electric vehicle 1 has a front wheel 2 and a rear wheel 3 on which on a frame 4th of the electric vehicle 1 are rotatably arranged. Here is the front wheel 2 over a handlebar 5 pivotable with the frame 4th connected so the front wheel 2 for steering the electric vehicle 1 over the handlebars 5 can be pivoted.

The electric vehicle 1 has an electric drive device 6th on, which are used to drive the electric vehicle electrically 1 serves. The drive device is for this purpose 6th for example as one in the rear wheel 3 integrated electric direct drive, which the rear wheel 3 in a driving operation of the electric vehicle 1 drives. The drive device 6th shows one with the frame 4th connected stator 7th as well as one with the rear wheel 3 connected rotor 8th on. For driving the electric vehicle 1 is the electric drive device 6th can be operated as an electric motor, for this purpose an electric drive torque is applied to the rear wheel 3 is transferable.

The electric vehicle 1 also has a braking device 9 on, which is used to transmit a braking torque to the front wheel 2 serves. The braking device 9 is designed, for example, as a friction brake, which the front wheel 3 brakes when actuated by friction. For example, the braking device 9 be designed as a disc brake or as a rim brake. The braking device is preferred 9 as one concentric to the front wheel 2 arranged rim brake, which can be actuated by a concentric slave cylinder (CBC). For braking the electric vehicle 1 is a mechanical braking torque via the braking device 9 on the front wheel 3 transferable.

To operate the braking device 9 instructs the electric vehicle 1 an actuator 10 on which with the braking device 9 is in operative connection. For example, the actuator 10 mechanically, for example via a cable, or hydraulically, for example via a hydraulic line, with the braking device 9 be effectively connected. The actuating device 10 a handbrake lever 11 on which for manual actuation of the braking device 9 by a driver of the electric vehicle 1 serves. The actuator 10 is on the handlebar for this purpose 5 arranged, the handbrake lever 11 for braking the electric vehicle 1 can be acted upon with a manual force applied by the driver.

The electric vehicle 1 has an electrical accumulator 12th for storing electrical energy, which is designed, the electric drive device operated as an electric motor 6th to be supplied with electrical energy. For this purpose, the drive device 6th and the accumulator 12th electrically connected to each other. For example, the accumulator 12th in the frame 4th of the electric vehicle 1 built in or integrated.

Furthermore, the electric vehicle 1 a control device 13th on, which is formed, the electric drive device 6th upon actuation of the actuating device 10 to operate as an electric or regenerative brake. The electric drive device is for this purpose 6th can be operated as a generator, with an electrical braking torque being applied to the rear wheel in generator mode 3 for braking the electric vehicle 1 is transferable. In generator mode the electrical Drive device 6th can also be the accumulator 12th be charged by recuperation. For example, is the control device 13th through the power electronics of the electric vehicle 1 educated.

With the existing electric scooters with mechanical and electrical brakes, the driver himself determines the braking force distribution between the mechanical and electrical brakes or the distribution between the front and rear brakes. Especially with inexperienced users, this can lead to an unfavorable breakdown of the braking torque, which can cause the electric vehicle to get out of control. In addition, it is possible that the recuperation of the electric brake is not used effectively and energy is lost.

The inventive solution to the problem is a lever position of the handbrake lever 11 to detect and to distribute the mechanical and electrical braking torque depending on the lever position. Both the braking device 9 as the mechanical brake as well as the drive device 6th than the electric brake via the actuator 10 be operated. The actuator 10 is designed, a current lever position of the handbrake lever 11 to detect and to the control device 13th to submit. The control device 13th is designed, the electric drive device 6th to operate as the electric brake based on the lever position. Thus, with the help of the control device 13th the braking behavior can be designed to be energy-efficient and safe for the driver.

2 shows the in the 1 actuator described 10 in a schematic representation with different lever positions of the handbrake lever 11 . The actuator 10 has a housing 14th on, the handbrake lever 11 on the housing 14th around a pivot axis S. between a basic position I. , an intermediate position 11 and one end position III is pivotably arranged. Here is the handbrake lever 11 between the basic position I. and the intermediate position II in a first operating area B1 and between the intermediate position II and the end position III in a second operating area B2 pivotable. The actuator 10 is designed, the lever position of the handbrake lever 11 in the first and second operating areas B1 , B2 to detect and to the control device 13th than to transmit the current lever position.

In the basic position I. is the handbrake lever 11 in an inoperative state, with the electric vehicle 1 for example, is in a driving mode and the electrical drive torque is applied to the rear wheel 3 is transmitted. To initiate a braking process, the handbrake lever 11 from the basic position I. towards the intermediate position II in the first operating area B1 be pivoted, the handbrake lever 11 do this by hand around the swivel axis S. is pivoted.

In the first operating area B1 is the handbrake lever 11 transmission-free to the braking device 9 pivotable so that in the first operating area B1 exclusively or largely the electrical braking torque through the drive device 6th on the rear wheel 3 for braking the electric vehicle 1 is provided. The control device is for this purpose 13th designed, the electrical braking torque as a function of the in the first operating range B1 detected lever position of the handbrake lever 11 adjust and / or regulate. For example, the control device 13th be designed, the electrical braking torque in the first operating range B1 linear and / or proportional to the lever position until the intermediate position II is reached.

In the second operating area B1 is also the braking device 9 by the handbrake lever 11 operated so that in the second operating range B2 in addition to the electrical braking torque, the mechanical braking torque by the braking device 9 on the front wheel 2 for braking the electric vehicle 1 is provided. The control device 13th be designed, the electrical braking torque when the handbrake lever is in a lever position 11 in the second operating area B2 to keep at a constant level and / or below depending on the in the second operating range B2 detected lever position of the handbrake lever 11 adjust and / or regulate. For example, the electrical braking torque can be set in such a way that the addition of the mechanical braking torque results in a continuous increase in the total braking torque.

3 shows a schematic sectional view of the actuating device 10 as a further embodiment of the invention. The actuator 10 is called a hydraulic actuator 10 formed, the actuating device 10 an actuating piston for this purpose 15th having which with respect to a piston axis K axially movable in a piston chamber 16 of the housing 14th is arranged. The piston chamber 16 is designed, for example, as a cylindrical pressure chamber which can be filled with a fluid, for example a hydraulic oil. To transmit an actuating force to the braking device 9 , as in 1 described, the actuating piston 15th when the handbrake lever is actuated 11 in an axial direction AR be moved, with a Fluid column in the direction of the braking device 9 is moved.

The actuating piston 15th is designed in two parts and comprises a first and a second piston part 15a , b , with the two piston parts 15a , b in the axial direction with respect to the piston axis K are movable relative to each other. The first piston part 15a is about a piston rod 17th with the handbrake lever 11 motion-coupled. The second piston part 15b has a piston chamber on its axial end face 17th axially limiting pressure area 18th on, which can be acted upon with a fluid pressure in an operating state. For example, the first and the second piston part are located 15a , b sealing, for example via a piston seal, in the radial direction on an inner circumference of the piston chamber 16 at.

Furthermore, the actuating device 10 a spring device 19th on which axially between the two piston parts 15a , b in the piston chamber 16 is arranged. The spring device 19th is designed, for example, as a compression spring which is located on the one hand on the first and on the other hand on the second piston part 15a , b supports. When the handbrake lever is pivoted 11 within the first operating range B1 becomes a movement of the first piston part 15a by the spring device 19th compensated or received, so that the second piston part 15b is stationary in the piston chamber 16 remains. The prerequisite for this is that a spring force acting on the second piston part 15b F1 the spring device 19th while the handbrake lever is pivoted 11 within the first operating range B1 less than or equal to a counterforce acting on the second piston part 15b F2 is. For example, the counterforce F2 through the on the printing surface 18th acting fluid pressure and / or between the wall of the piston chamber 16 and the frictional force prevailing on the second piston part 15b.

When the handbrake lever is pivoted 11 within the second operating range B2 becomes a movement of the first piston part 15a about the spring device 19th transferred to the second piston part 15b, so that the second piston part 15b in the axial direction AR to transfer the actuating force to the braking device 9 in the piston chamber 16 is moved. The prerequisite for this is that the spring force acting on the second piston part 15b F1 the spring device 19th while the handbrake lever is pivoted 11 within the second operating range B2 greater than the opposing force F2 is. Furthermore, the spring device 19th serve to model a braking characteristic that determines the stiffness of the handbrake lever 11 upon actuation in the first actuation range B1 determined by braking only with the regenerative brake.

For detecting the lever position of the handbrake lever 11 has the actuator 10 a sensor device 20th which is formed, a position of the hand brake lever 11 to be recorded or determined. To this end, the sensor device 20th one with the handbrake lever 11 connected magnets 21 as well as a magnetic field sensor 22nd to capture the magnet 21 exhibit. The magnetic field sensor 22nd is opposite the magnet 21 in the case 14th mounted, with the magnet 21 when operating the handbrake lever 11 relative to the magnetic field sensor 22nd is pivoted. For example, the magnet is 21 designed as a permanent magnet which generates a permanent magnetic field, the magnetic field sensor 22nd is designed to detect the lever position as a change in the magnetic field. For example, the magnetic field sensor 22nd be designed as a Hall sensor or as a reed sensor. For example, the magnetic field sensor 22nd for transmitting the lever position via a sensor cable 23 with the control device 13th connected, with the sensor cable 23 from the front of the housing 14th out or via a connector with the control device 13th is connectable.

List of reference symbols

1

Electric vehicle

2

Front wheel

3

Rear wheel

4th

Vehicle frame

5

Handlebars

6th

Drive device

7th

rotor

8th

stator

9

Braking device

10

Actuator

11

Handbrake lever

12th

accumulator

13th

Control device

14th

casing

15th

Actuating piston

15a, b

Piston parts

16

Piston chamber

17th

Piston rod

18th

Printing area

19th

Spring device

20th

Sensor device

21

magnet

22nd

Magnetic field sensor

23

Sensor cable

I.

initial position

II

Intermediate position

III

End position

K

Piston axis

S.

Swivel axis

B1

first area of activity

B2

second area of activity

F1

Spring force

F2

Counterforce

AR

axial direction

GR

axial opposite direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102012209223 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Electric vehicle (1) with at least a first and a second wheel (2, 3), with an electric drive device (6) for transmitting a drive torque to at least one of the two wheels (2, 3), with a braking device (9) for transmitting one mechanical braking torque on at least one of the two wheels (2, 3), with an actuating device (10) for actuating the braking device (9), the actuating device (10) having a manually operable handbrake lever (11), the handbrake lever (11) at an actuation in a first and in a second actuation area (B1, B2) is pivotable about a pivot axis (S), with a control device (13) for controlling the drive device (6), the control device (13) being designed as the electric drive device (6) to operate as an electric brake in order to transmit an electric braking torque to the wheel (2, 3) which can be driven by the drive device (6), thereby g Indicates that when the handbrake lever (11) is in a lever position in the first actuation area (B1), at least the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device (6) and when the handbrake lever (11) is in a lever position in the second actuation area (B2), the electrical braking torque is applied the drive device (6) and the mechanical braking torque is provided by the braking device (9). Electric vehicle (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the control device (13) is designed to set the electrical braking torque when the handbrake lever (11) is actuated, at least within the first actuation range (B1), proportionally to the lever position. Electric vehicle (1) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the handbrake lever (11) can be pivoted without transmission to the braking device (9) when actuated in the first actuation area (B1), so that only the electrical braking torque is provided by the drive device (6) in the first actuation area (B1) . Electric vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric vehicle (1) is designed as a miniature electric vehicle, in particular as an electric scooter. Electric vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating device (10) has a spring device (19), wherein the spring device (19) is designed to allow a movement of the hand brake lever (11) during pivoting within the first actuating area ( B1) and to deliver a movement of the handbrake lever (11) during pivoting within the second actuation area (B2) as an actuation force to the braking device (9). Electric vehicle (1) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the actuating device (10) has a piston chamber (16) and an actuating piston (15) axially movable in the piston chamber (16), the spring device (19) for transmitting the movement of the hand brake lever (11) to the actuating piston ( 15) is supported. Electric vehicle (1) according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the actuating piston (15) has a first and a second piston part (16a, b), the two piston parts (15a, b) being movable relative to one another in the axial direction with respect to a piston axis (K), the the first piston part (15a) is coupled in terms of movement to the handbrake lever (11) and the second piston part (15b) axially delimits the piston chamber (16) with a pressure surface (18), the spring device (19) axially between the two piston parts (15a, b) is arranged so that when the handbrake lever (11) is pivoted in the first actuation area (B1), a movement of the first piston part (15a) is compensated by the spring device (19) and when the handbrake lever (11) is pivoted in the second actuation area (B2 ) a movement of the first piston part (15b) is transmitted to the second piston part (15b) via the spring device (19). Electric vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuation device (10) has a sensor device (20) for detecting the lever position of the handbrake lever (11) in the first and second actuation areas (B1, B2), the control device (13) is designed to control and / or regulate the electrical braking torque as a function of the detected lever position. Electric vehicle (1) according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the sensor device (20) has a magnet (21) for generating a magnetic field and a magnetic field sensor (22) for detecting the magnetic field, the magnet (21) when the handbrake lever (11) is actuated relative to the magnetic field sensor ( 22) is movable so that the lever position of the handbrake lever (11) can be detected as a change in the magnetic field. Method for braking an electric vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which: - a hand brake lever (11) is pivoted within a first operating range (B1); - A lever position of the hand brake lever (11) is detected in the first actuation area (B1); - An electrical braking torque is provided by an electrical drive device (6) as a function of the lever position detected in the first actuation area (B1); - The handbrake lever (11) is pivoted further within a second operating range (B2); - A lever position of the hand brake lever (11) is detected in the second actuation area (B2); - A mechanical braking torque in addition to the electrical braking torque is provided by a braking device (9) as a function of the lever position detected in the second actuation area (B2).

Images