DE102020007390B4 - Artificial climbing wall to operate on a water-filled pool - Google Patents

Abstract

Artificial climbing wall for climbing without a rope and for operation on a swimming or diving pool, natural body of water or water-filled basin, which uses water as a shock-absorbing device in the event of a jump or fall, with the lower end of the climbing wall's action area to be used for climbing being used for climbing located above the water serving as a shock-absorbing device, in such a way that this end has a horizontal distance (A) to the inside of the pool wall and at the same time a vertical distance (H) to the level of the pool edge, with distance (A) and distance (H) being greater than zero and satisfy the following mathematical formulas: 7cm≤A≤70cm and 5cm≤H≤90cm and 0.65≤AH≤0.85

Description

Artificial climbing walls, which are operated on the water and which are climbed without safety ropes (sometimes also called bouldering walls), are already state of the art. In the event of a fall, the climber falls into the water. The water beneath the climber serves to absorb the shock of the fall. Such climbing systems can be found in public swimming pools, for example, where they are mounted on the edge of the pool.

• Eine schematische Darstellung der ersten bekannten Bauart zeigt 1.
• Bei Bauart 1 beginnt die zum Klettern zu benutzende Aktionsfläche (5) der Kletterwand, im Folgenden kurz Kletterfläche genannt, an der Beckenkante (3). Gemäß einschlägigen Regelwerken zur Schwimmbadgestaltung (z.B. DIN-EN-13451-1, DIN-EN 17164, KOK-Richtlinien) soll der Spalt (S) zwischen der Kletterfläche und der Beckenkante nicht mehr als 8mm betragen, da sonst die Gefahr einer Klemmstelle für Finger besteht. Der Nachteil dieser Konstruktion liegt in der technisch aufwendigen Umsetzung.
• Solche Kletterwände sind aus den Druckschriften DE 20 2014 007 631 U1 und US 2008 / 0293547 A1 bekannt.

The state of the art essentially includes five designs, all of which have design-specific disadvantages:

• A schematic representation of the first known design shows 1 .
• In type 1, the action area (5) of the climbing wall to be used for climbing, hereinafter referred to as the climbing area, begins at the edge of the pool (3). According to the relevant regulations for swimming pool design (e.g. DIN-EN-13451-1, DIN-EN 17164, KOK guidelines), the gap (S) between the climbing surface and the edge of the pool should not be more than 8mm, otherwise there is a risk of fingers being pinched consists. The disadvantage of this construction lies in the technically complex implementation.
• Such climbing walls are from the publications DE 20 2014 007 631 U1 and U.S. 2008/0293547 A1 known.

A schematic representation of the second known design shows 2 .
In type 2, the lower end (10) of the climbing surface is approximately perpendicular to the edge of the pool (3). According to the relevant regulations for swimming pool design (e.g. DIN-EN-13451-1, KOK guidelines), there is no danger of pinching fingers and other limbs if the gap size (S) is greater than 23cm. The disadvantage of this construction is that the regulations mentioned do not assume a forced movement, such as occurs in the event of a fall or a fall. A limb (8) stretched out during the fall can get caught in the gap and then get stuck between the underside of the climbing surface construction and the edge of the pool (3) as it continues to fall. Such a jammed limb (9) is also shown as an example. Due to the high dynamics of a fall, this can lead to very serious injuries.

A schematic representation of the third known design shows 3 .
In type 3, the climbing surface (5) begins entirely or partially (in a known embodiment, the climbing surface is narrower under water and only reaches its entire width above water) below the water surface (12). According to the relevant regulations for swimming pool design (e.g. DIN-EN-13451-1, DIN-EN 17164, KOK guidelines), the gap (S) between the climbing surface and the pool wall (2) should not be more than 8mm, otherwise there is a risk of a pinch point for fingers. The advantage of this construction is that the climber's entry into the climbing wall is made easier by the steps below the water surface (12). On the other hand, however, there is the disadvantage of the technically complex construction and the fact that in this case it is a matter of underwater clamping points, which are therefore particularly safety-sensitive.

Such climbing walls are from the publications U.S. 2014/0106938 A1 and U.S. 2008/0293547 A1 known.

A schematic representation of the fourth known design shows 4 .
In type 4, the climbing surface (5) begins below the water surface (12) at a depth (T) at a distance (A) to the inside of the pool wall (2), with the distance (A) and the climbing surface construction being selected in such a way that, in accordance with the relevant regulations for swimming pool design (e.g. DIN-EN-13451-1, KOK guidelines) there is no pinch point between the pool wall (2) and the climbing wall construction. The disadvantage of this construction is that the lower end (10) of the climbing surface construction represents a headbutt for emerging swimmers and climbers and a whole-body pinch point can arise between the pool wall and the climbing surface construction.

In the fifth known type, the climbing wall has a main climbing surface located above the water serving as a shock absorbing device. The lower end of this main climbing area is at such a height above the water that it is not suitable for entering the climbing wall and is not intended to be suitable. In addition, this design has a foldable entry climbing surface or entry device, which is folded down for climbing and fixed to the pool edge or pool wall. In this state, type 5 corresponds to types 1 or 3 described above with regard to the geometry conditions, depending on the version. The disadvantage of this construction lies in the technically complex implementation.
Such climbing walls are from the reference DE 20 2013 004 639 U1 known.

From the pamphlets US2008/0300111 A1 , U.S. 6,872,167 B1 and U.S. 7,344,482 B2 other climbing walls and constructions similar to climbing walls are known.

The invention described below is based on the object of finding a climbing wall entry geometry for a climbing wall for operation in a water-filled basin which, while avoiding the described disadvantages of the current state of the art, ensures the greatest possible safety for the climber and at the same time the greatest possible comfort when climbing into allows the climbing wall and does without the smallest gap dimensions that are complex in terms of production technology.

This problem is solved with the features listed in claim 1 in that the part of the climbing wall construction that forms the underside or lower edge of the action area used for climbing is at certain advantageous horizontal and vertical distances and at a certain distance from the edge of the pool above the water basin is placed. These distances are selected relative to one another in such a way that, on the one hand, there is no or no serious injury due to the movement induced in the event of a fall or fall, as a result of a body part being jammed between the climbing wall construction and the swimming pool structure or by collision with it, and on the other hand, the distances between the edge of the pool and the first Gripping and stepping possibilities in the above-water action area of the climbing wall are such that an inexperienced climber can enter the climbing wall, possibly with the help of the edge of the pool as a stepping possibility.

• Wird $\frac{A}{H}$
  
  größer, erhöht dies die Sicherheit, erschwert aber den Einstieg in die Kletterwand bei Zuhilfenahme der Beckenkante als Trittmöglichkeit.
• Wird $\frac{A}{H}$
  
  kleiner, verringert dies die Sicherheitsreserve, erleichtert aber für nicht zu große Werte von H den Einstieg in die Kletterwand.

If the climber falls or falls, the ratio of distance (A) to height (H) is:

• Becomes $\frac{A}{H}$
  
  larger, this increases safety, but makes it more difficult to get into the climbing wall if you use the edge of the pool as a step.
• Becomes $\frac{A}{H}$
  
  smaller, this reduces the safety reserve, but makes access to the climbing wall easier for values of H that are not too large.

The values for the distance (A) are between 7cm and 70cm to enable a good entry into the climbing wall.

The values for the height (H) are between 5cm and 90cm.

Further features, details, advantages and effects of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and from the drawings.

Here shows 5 a possible embodiment of the invention based on a schematic sectional drawing. 5 shows a swimming pool structure (1) consisting of a pool wall (2) with a pool edge (3) and a climbing wall placed on this pool, consisting of a supporting structure (4), an activity area (5) to be used for climbing (climbing area), with a rear structure shown schematically and with climbing grips (6). Furthermore, in the drawing, the lower end (10) of the climbing surface, the level of the pool edge (7), the horizontal distance (A) between the inside of the pool wall (2) and the lower end (10) of the climbing surface (5) and the vertical Distance (H) from the level of the pool edge (7) to the lower end (10) of the action area (5) to be used for climbing, or in other words, the height (H) of the lower end (10) of the climbing area (5) above the level of the pool edge (7), shown. The water surface (12) can, as exemplified in 5 shown, are on the same level as the edge of the pool, with other types of pools (without drawing) also below.

• - Liegt das untere Ende (10) der zum Klettern zu benutzenden Aktionsfläche über dem Niveau Beckenkante (7) ist H > 0
• - Liegt das untere Ende (10) der zum Klettern zu benutzenden Aktionsfläche unter dem Niveau Beckenkante (7) ist H < 0
• - Liegt das untere Ende (10) der zum Klettern zu benutzenden Aktionsfläche im Bereich des Bassins, d.h. über oder unter der Wasseroberfläche ist A > 0
• - Liegt das untere Ende (10) der zum Klettern zu benutzenden Aktionsfläche im Bereich der Beckenwand (2) bzw. des Beckenumlaufs ist A < 0

The following definitions apply to the distances A and H:

• - If the lower end (10) of the action area to be used for climbing is above the level of the pool edge (7), then H > 0
• - If the lower end (10) of the action area to be used for climbing is below the level of the pool edge (7), then H < 0
• - If the lower end (10) of the action area to be used for climbing is in the area of the basin, i.e. above or below the water surface, A > 0
• - If the lower end (10) of the action area to be used for climbing is in the area of the pool wall (2) or the pool perimeter, then A < 0

6 shows another possible embodiment. In this embodiment, the climbing surface (5) is formed by a plate-like construction with a thickness (D). The sketch also shows that with this distance ratio according to the invention, it is not possible for the limbs (8) to become jammed, since the offset of the climbing surface by the distance (A) away from the edge of the pool (3) towards the water side with a simultaneously defined height (H ), the limb (8) stretched out as far as possible in the direction of the edge of the pool during the fall is not yet above it.

wird so gewählt, dass einerseits eine Kollisions- oder Verklemmmöglichkeit einer Gliedmaße mit dem Beckenbaukörper nicht gegeben ist, andererseits der erste „Schritt“ in die Kletterwand bezüglich Höhe (H) und Abstand (A) noch komfortabel möglich ist. Dieser erste „Schritt“ wird in 7 durch die beiden Füße (11) dargestellt. 7 shows, for example, that with certain distance relations according to the invention, entry into the climbing wall through the aid of the Pool edge can be done as the first step. The relationship $\frac{A}{H}$

is selected in such a way that on the one hand there is no possibility of a limb colliding with or getting stuck in the pool structure, on the other hand the first "step" into the climbing wall in terms of height (H) and distance (A) is still comfortably possible. This first "step" is 7 represented by the two feet (11).

von ca. $\frac{3}{4}$

weist den Vorteil auf, dass dieses Verhältnis gewährleistet, dass ein von mindestens 1,5m Fallhöhe Stürzender, der während des Falls eine Gliedmaße in Richtung der Beckenkante (1) ausstreckt, diese nicht touchieren wird.The relationship $\frac{A}{H}$

from approx. $\frac{3}{4}$

has the advantage that this ratio ensures that a person falling from a height of at least 1.5 m and stretching out a limb in the direction of the edge of the pool (1) during the fall will not touch it.

This follows from the following fact.
A realistically achievable minimum time of 0.25 seconds for a limb such as an arm or leg to travel a distance of one meter horizontally relative to the falling body is assumed to perform an unconscious compensatory movement during the fall.

This results in a limb extension speed of $${\text{v}}_{\text{limb}}=\frac{1m}{0.25s}=4\frac{m}{s}$$

The rate of fall of a climber is calculated approximately as follows: $${\text{v}}_{\text{case}}=\sqrt{2GH}$$

Assuming a fall height of at least 1.5m, the fall speed is at least $${\text{v}}_{\text{case}}=5.42\frac{m}{s}$$

The direction vector of v _fall is along the height (H).
The direction vector of v _limb is along the distance (A).

If you now put the two speeds in the same relation to each other as the two distances, the result is the ratio in which a falling person, who stretches out a limb at maximum speed in the direction of the pool edge during the fall, will just not touch the pool edge (1) yet. This can be assumed, since the person falling will always be a little in front of the climbing surface and consequently the outstretched limb will be at the level of the pool edge at least this distance in front of the pool edge. $$\frac{vGlie\mathrm{i.e}ma\text{ß}e}{vfall}=\frac{4}{5.42}=0.74\text{or n}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{by far}\frac{3}{4}$$

This results in the ideal ratio according to the invention of for the present case $$\frac{A}{H}=\frac{3}{4}$$

With this ratio, for a fall of 1.5 m and higher, touching the edge of the pool is impossible, since the fall speed increases with increasing height. However, the rate of fall from a fall of less than 1.5m is slower, so this calculation assumes that a limb touching the edge of the pool from a fall of less than 1.5m will not result in serious injury. Due to the geometry conditions that are possible according to the invention, however, jamming of the limb is ruled out.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 2 protection.

der Kletterwandeinstiegsgeometrie erweitert. Das hat den Vorteil, dass je nach Überhang bzw. Winkel der Kletterfläche, Einsatzzweck, Sicherheitsanforderungen, Benutzercharakteristik und Kletterwandhöhe jeweils das optimale Verhältnis von $\frac{A}{H}$

zur Verfügung steht. Ein größerer Wert von $\frac{A}{H}$

erhöht die Sicherheit, ein niedrigerer Wert erleichtert den Einstieg in die Kletterwand. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass so u.a.Geometrien geschaffen werden, die ein deutlich erleichtertes Einsteigen in die Kletterwand unter Zuhilfenahme der Beckenkante als erster Trittstufe ermöglichen. Dies ist insbesondere bei überhängenden Kletterflächen ohne oder ohne nennenswerten Sicherheitsverlust möglich, da durch den Überhang mit zunehmender Kletterhöhe der Abstand des Kletterers zur Beckenkante vergrößert wird.Here the range of the ratio $\frac{A}{H}$

of the climbing wall entry geometry. This has the advantage that depending on the overhang or angle of the climbing surface, purpose of use, safety requirements, user characteristics and climbing wall height, the optimal ratio of $\frac{A}{H}$

is available. A greater value of $\frac{A}{H}$

increases safety, a lower value makes it easier to get into the climbing wall. Experiments have shown that geometries are created in this way, which make it much easier to get into the climbing wall using the edge of the pool as the first step. This is possible in particular with overhanging climbing surfaces without or without any appreciable loss of safety, since the distance between the climber and the edge of the pool increases as the climbing height increases.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 3 . The climbing walls described in this protection claim represent a special case of a climbing wall construction, namely a construction with a plate-like configuration of the climbing surface. These plates have a horizontal extension (thickness (D)) as shown in 6 and 7 shown.

die Geometriebedingungen für spezielle erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsformen der Kletterwände mit einer plattenartig ausgestalteten Kletterfläche (5) mit einer Dicke (D) von wenigen Zentimetern. Dieser Sonderfall ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn man aus z.B. installationstechnischen Gründen den Abstand (A) möglichst gering halten möchte. Ist dieses Maß relativ klein gegenüber dem Maß (H), kann die im Fall ausgestreckte Gliedmaße in einem ungünstigen Fall über die Beckenkante (3) gelangen. Um eine daraus evtl. resultierende Verletzung möglichst gering zu halten, ist es wichtig, dass (A) minus (D) noch groß genug ist dass die Gliedmaße nicht zwischen Beckenkante (3) und Kletterwand bzw. Kletterflächenkonstruktion verklemmen kann.While the protection claims 1 and 2 embodiments of climbing according to the invention describe walls whose climbing surfaces can have a rear structure of a few millimeters to several meters, specifies protection claim 3 with the extended term $\frac{\left(A-D\right)}{H}$

the geometric conditions for special embodiments of the climbing walls according to the invention with a slab-like climbing surface (5) with a thickness (D) of a few centimeters. This special case is particularly advantageous if you want to keep the distance (A) as small as possible, for example for technical installation reasons. If this dimension is relatively small compared to dimension (H), the limb, which is stretched out in the case, can, in an unfavorable case, get over the edge of the pool (3). In order to keep any resulting injury as low as possible, it is important that (A) minus (D) is still large enough that the limb cannot get stuck between the edge of the pool (3) and the climbing wall or climbing surface construction.

der Kletterwandeinstiegsgeometrie des Schutzanspruch 3 aus den gleichen Gründen, wie für Schutzanspruch 2 beschrieben, erweitert.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 4 . Here the bandwidth of the term $\frac{\left(A-D\right)}{H}$

the climbing wall entry geometry of protection claim 3 for the same reasons as described for protection claim 2, expanded.

reference list

1

structure

2

pool wall

3

pool edge

4

Climbing wall support structure (schematic)

5

Action area to be used for climbing (climbing area)

6

climbing hold

7

Pool edge level

8th

body part / limb

9

body part / limb

10

Lower end of the action area to be used for climbing

11

Foot

12

water surface

H

Distance or height above the level of the pool edge

T

Distance or depth below the water surface

A

Distance to the inside of the pool wall

D

Thickness of the climbing surface construction at the bottom

S

gap

Claims (4)

Artificial climbing wall for rope-free climbing and operation on a swimming or diving pool, natural body of water or water-filled basin, which uses water as a shock-absorbing device in the event of a jump or fall, with the lower end of the climbing wall's action area to be used for climbing being used for climbing located above the water serving as a shock-absorbing device, such that this end has a horizontal distance (A) to the inside of the pool wall and at the same time a vertical distance (H) to the level of the pool edge, distance (A) and distance (H) being larger than zero and satisfy the following mathematical formulas: $$7\text{cm}\le \text{A}\le 70\text{cm and}$$

$$\text{5cm}\le \text{H}\le 90\text{cm and}$$

$$0.65\le \frac{A}{H}\le 0.85$$

Artificial climbing wall after claim 1 , whereby to facilitate boarding the climbing wall and/or to adapt to different overhangs or angles of the climbing surface and/or to increase safety for the ratio $\frac{A}{H}$

instead of $0.65\le \frac{A}{H}\le 0.85$

The following applies: $$0.4\le \frac{A}{H}\le 2.5$$

Artificial climbing wall after claim 1 , wherein the action surface to be used for climbing is formed by a plate-like construction having a thickness (D), and for D and the ratio $\frac{A}{H}$

instead of $0.65\le \frac{A}{H}\le 0.85$

The following applies: $$0.5\le \frac{\left(A-D\right)}{H}\le 2$$

Artificial climbing wall after claim 3 , where to facilitate boarding the climbing wall and/or to adapt to different overhangs or angles of the climbing surface and/or to increase safety for D and the ratio $\frac{A}{H}$

instead of $0.5\le \frac{\left(A-D\right)}{H}\le 2$

The following applies: $$0.2\le \frac{\left(A-D\right)}{H}\le 5$$

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