DE102019214626A1 - Device and method for optimizing mining processes, as well as use and computer program product - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a blade arrangement (30) for mining or picking up material, comprising: at least one blade (20) with a basic blade body; a cyclically moving blade carrier; a multiplicity of tools (10) arranged on the blade base body; at least one tool holder (21); at least one actuator (31) set up for setting at least one characteristic variable or a degradation parameter; the blade arrangement (30) being adjustable or operable or optimizable based on degradation parameters measured during operation and / or fixedly predetermined with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: penetration cone (K2) of the blade through the material, penetration contour (K3) of the tools by the material, effective chip cross-section (P4) of the respective tool, free cut, wedge and / or side angle (P5) of the respective tool. This simplifies an optimization of the blade arrangement or the tools. The invention also relates to a corresponding optimization method.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a device and a method for optimizing the alignment and / or position of at least one bucket arrangement relative to the material and for adjusting the manner in which tools of the bucket arrangement engage in the material, in particular when the material is excavated by means of a bucket wheel excavator. In other words: The invention relates to an optimized use of tools, in particular on a paddle arrangement or paddle wheel arrangement, for breaking down or picking up material. The invention also relates to the use of a control / regulating device set up for this purpose. In particular, the invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of the respective independent or subsidiary claim.

BACKGROUND

Conveyor equipment or equipment with teeth, chisels or similar tools designed for material mining are subject to high requirements and must simultaneously fulfill different functions: mining efficiency, abrasion resistance, service life, impact resistance or toughness, reliable fastening and the best possible alignment to the material, optimized movement path as well as the depth of penetration into the material - these are just a few key words that should illustrate how complex the optimization of such tools and their application can be. Particular attention is e.g. to be aimed at excavator teeth, especially the teeth of bucket wheel excavators (SRB), because these are in connection with strict efficiency requirements to a large extent responsible for the mining efficiency. From the customer or operator's point of view, there is only one requirement in the foreground, especially at SRB: maximum dismantling efficiency, and therefore the maximum possible profitability. In order to be able to ensure this, however, the operator must find a sensible compromise between the load or stress on the equipment and tools on the one hand and the achievable dismantling efficiency on the other. Provided that the operator is able to use the tools in such a way that the dismantling efficiency is maximal, with minimal stress at the same time (because the replacement of temporarily worn or damaged teeth can be very costly), a competitive basis for lucrative orders can be created will.

With some devices, optimizing the tools is particularly tricky, for example when the relative orientation of the tool to the workpiece or to the excavated material is not known or cannot be set exactly, or if it changes continuously. Engineers and process technicians have to face such a situation, particularly with paddle wheels.

In the following, the problem is explained by way of example with reference to bucket wheels (SR). Due to the constant variation of the cutting parameters of an SR during the dredging process (e.g. the following parameters: SR hold-out height, disk height, cutting depth, swivel speed), the cutting geometry of the dredger teeth or blades changes to a considerable extent, particularly as a function of the blade position over time . This makes it significantly more difficult to optimize the mining process or to select an optimal blade shape or tooth arrangement or tooth orientation on the blade. The operation of an SRB can also be adversely affected, in particular with regard to unsatisfactory efficiency. Further disadvantages of insufficient control of the intervention in the material can e.g. be: breakage of tools, clod-shaped lump formation when removing material.

So far, optimization attempts have already been made especially with SRB, also for reasons of economy, in particular with regard to the SR parameters and with regard to a so-called block geometry, in particular with the help of a so-called block efficiency program. The block efficiency is particularly considered in an initial optimization phase: What maximum delivery rate can the device (especially SRB) theoretically ensure, and how high will the actual delivery rate be in operation? Block efficiencies in the region of 80% can usually be ensured. The block efficiency is an important calculation basis for the operator. The term “block” refers to the dismantling block under consideration, i.e. the dismantling area in which the device has to operate (for an SRB e.g. three or four letters each with a swivel range of 90 ° to 120 °). It is worth mentioning that a block efficiency relates to a predefined breakdown scheme, for example: Over a period of approx. Two hours, material is broken down in three letters, with e.g. ten to 15 back-and-forth swivel movements, each lasting a few minutes, are implemented according to a predefined movement algorithm; the movement algorithm also includes, in particular, an advance relative to the ground.

In a second optimization phase (tool optimization), the engineers and plant operators primarily deal with the problem of how the interaction between tools is possible and mining material can be optimized, for example even if a predicted block efficiency cannot be achieved for any reason. The focus is also on energetic aspects and measures to minimize wear, e.g. in the event of frequent breakage of tools (especially loss of individual teeth). With regard to comparatively complex movement schemes and continuously varying interaction between tool and material, however, tool optimization is not trivial, but experience shows that it justifies high simulative effort and high effort in terms of evaluation, implementation and testing in the field.

In a third optimization phase (process optimization based on operating parameters), the respective device can be individually adapted to the application, e.g. by setting swivel angles and speeds, feed or other parameters, in particular also depending on the current nature of the mining material. A regulation, for example the swivel speed, can also be necessary with a view to a conveying capacity that is as constant as possible (not necessarily maximum, but at least as constant an output as possible).

On the basis of these measures, there is interest in even more practicable solutions, in particular for minimizing forces and moments when mining or digging, and in particular also for reducing wear. The present invention relates primarily to the second optimization phase (tool optimization), and can also be correlated or linked to the third optimization phase, in particular taking into account at least one operating parameter.

So far, no particularly practicable method or system is known with which the problems occurring between the first and third optimization phase can be processed systematically and, if possible, also in a pragmatic manner and optimization measures can be proposed. This is where the present invention begins.

In the case of such optimization efforts in the second optimization phase, it should also be noted that the interaction between a respective tool (tooth) and the excavated material is very likely over the operating time required to dismantle a “block” (e.g. one to two hours) is not identical at any point in time, but changes continuously, in particular in the case of cyclical movement of a blade carrier or in the case of cyclical movement of blades by means of the blade carrier. In other words: an optimization requires comparatively complex considerations and experience has shown that it must be possible to implement as individually as possible in each individual case. The cyclical movement can e.g. be a rotation about an at least approximately horizontally oriented axis of rotation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with the features described at the outset, with which the use of, in particular, tooth-like tools can be optimized in a simple or at least easily reproducible manner, in particular in connection with the degradation of material, especially in the case of cyclically moving bucket wheels or bucket wheel excavators. The task can also be concretized to the effect of creating such options for tool optimization that good mining efficiency can be ensured, in particular for the purpose of optimizing the blade and / or tooth geometry in the field even with varying boundary conditions (i.e. under specific conditions of use or for an expected expected range of operating conditions).

This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the independent patent claims. Advantageous exemplary embodiments are listed in the subclaims.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a blade arrangement set up for mining or picking up material, with: at least one blade with a blade base body; with a blade carrier which is moved cyclically in an at least approximately vertical plane and to which the at least one blade is attached; with a plurality of tools, in particular teeth, arranged on the blade base body, set up and arranged or can be arranged to engage in the material (in particular to penetrate the material); with at least one tool holder, which defines the relative position of the respective tool or of all tools in relation to the blade base body at the interface with the blade base body; with at least one actuator set up for setting or executing a feed movement provided for the degradation process and set up for setting at least one characteristic variable or one degradation parameter; wherein the blade arrangement can be set or operated or (simulatively or operationally) optimized based on degradation parameters measured during operation and / or fixed predetermined degradation parameters with regard to at least one / one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: penetration surface of the blade through the material, penetration contour of the tools through the material, effective chip cross-section of the respective Tool and correspondingly the chip cross-section distribution with respect to the total number of tools, free cut, wedge and / or side angle of the respective tool and correspondingly its respective distribution with respect to the total number of tools; in particular in an arrangement on a bucket wheel excavator, in particular with regard to a pivoting and / or advancing movement of the bucket or of the bucket carrier, in particular with cyclical movement of the bucket carrier. Thanks to the optimization of characteristic quantities or parameters, on the one hand the device as such can be optimized, on the other hand the use or deployment of the tools involved can take place in an optimized manner, in particular also be optimized during operation. Last but not least, this also provides economic advantages (high mining efficiency, high time efficiency, high material yield, sustainable use of resources).

In particular, based on the implementation of a calculation method for at least one of the aforementioned parameters or parameters, good operational efficiency and good digging force / engagement force can also be achieved over a longer operating period.

The tools can protrude from the blade body in such a way that the engagement into the material (in particular in the sense of penetrating the material) occurs primarily or even exclusively by means of the tools during cyclical movement of the blade carrier. A plurality of blades can each be fastened to the blade base body on the blade carrier, in particular in an arrangement around an axis.

The present description speaks of dismantling or picking up, in particular to make it clear that the invention applies both to cyclical movements (material conveyance in particular by means of a large number of blades rotating about an axis) and to individually displaced blades (in particular excavators or the like with only one Blade) is applicable. In other words: the blade carrier can e.g. be a rotating wheel, or an arm with one or more blades attached to it; the arm can also be moved cyclically, e.g. be pivoted cyclically. In the following, the term “dismantling” is used synonymously for both processes.

In this context, a parameter is to be understood in particular as an auxiliary variable for the simplified or as precise as possible determination of adequate optimization measures.

In the following, when reference is made to a parameter or a degradation parameter, implicit reference is also made to its / its distribution with regard to the total number of tools.

The invention can be implemented in various different conveying arrangements, in particular both in continuously conveying excavators and in reclaimers. For example, the following can be mentioned: bucket wheel excavators, bucket chain excavators, reclaimers (e.g. bucket wheel loaders, drum loaders, bridge loaders, ship unloaders, scrapers). When using drums, a pivoting movement is not necessarily provided, so that the corresponding parameters can be correlated with respect to a pure feed movement.

The invention can e.g. with respect to spiral movement paths of the tools (teeth) are applied along the surface of a toroid (e.g. with SRB). For example, conical penetration surfaces are determined which are aligned at least approximately orthogonally to the cutting direction. Optionally, an implementation for movement paths of the tools or teeth, which are guided along a cylinder surface on spiral tracks or circles (e.g. SR bridge reclaimer or drum reclaimer); a flat penetration surface can be used as a basis, which runs through the cylinder axis and has different angles of inclination. In other words: the penetration surface or penetration contour does not necessarily have to be conical. In the case of a crawler excavator or reclaimer, for example, the penetration surfaces can be placed along the cutting path at equidistant intervals at least approximately orthogonally to the cutting speed vector (feed direction for cutting movement).

It has been shown that the invention can also enable a simplified energetic optimization, which in particular can also provide noticeable advantages with regard to the energetic requirements of a complete SRB. In particular, a minimization of digging forces, a homogenization of the degraded material particles (in particular also the narrowest possible range of sizes) and a reduction in tooth wear can thereby be achieved. The risk of breaking or damaging the tools can be significantly reduced. This also makes it easier to optimize operation in terms of vibration.

The excavation block geometry (block height and width, side slope inclination, number of panes, SR holding height and pane heights) as well as the swivel angle range and the swivel speed can be determined in advance with the help of what are known as previously known ones, particularly predefined by the local conditions or the excavation material Block efficiency verification programs are determined and put in relation to one another, in particular in order to determine a realizable delivery rate and to specify initial boundary conditions for the operation of the SRB. Optionally, parameters such as misalignment and offset of the SR can also be taken into account, in particular with an SR in relation to a superstructure of an SRB.

The present invention can be used to optimize tools and / or tool carriers (described here by way of example as blades).

For example, the invention facilitates the selection of adequate tools, or an optimization of the number of tools, or their relative arrangement to one another or to the tool carrier. These aspects or parameters can e.g. can be predefined or readjusted by the tool holder.

Synergetic effects can be achieved if both the tools and the tool carrier are optimized, in particular as a function of one another. The optimization can relate to the geometry and the arrangement, in particular also relative to one another. In a further step, operating parameters can also be optimized on the basis of this, whereby the invention can equally relate to “offline” and “online” measures, that is to say to measures that can be implemented either during operation or in a construction phase or maintenance / Repair phase can be implemented. In this respect, the terms "adjustable", "operable" and "optimizable" are to be understood redundantly in the broader sense, and in the narrower sense the term "adjustable" refers to offline measures, and the term "operable" refers to standard online To obtain measures (for example when working through predefined movement paths in the breakdown block), and the term “optimizable” can also include purely simulative measures or non-standard measures. In this respect, the at least one actuator can also be set up to implement measures for adjusting the vane arrangement, and measures for operating or optimizing the vane arrangement can in particular be implemented by means of a control / regulating device which controls the at least one actuator. When referring to the actuator, the term “feed movement” is to be understood generally as any adjustment movement when controlling and regulating the excavation process, i.e. as an adjustment movement for regulating the manner in which the excavation material is engaged. also include rotary movements, cyclical displacements or pivoting movements of the blades or the tools. When explicitly referring to the shovel, the term “feed” is to be understood as a relative translational movement, in particular orthogonal to the excavation wall, and to be distinguished from a pivoting movement of a bucket wheel excavator.

The present invention is explained by way of example with reference to paddle wheels, but can equally also relate to alternative tools or equipment, in particular to any type of tool in which teeth are to be aligned with the workpiece or excavation material in a clearly predefined manner.

It has been shown that the invention can be used not only in the context of operation, but also when planning a device, or e.g. also during its modernization (maintenance, repair, optimization), i.e. both at the beginning of a new development project, as well as during operation or during a later conversion, e.g. also when changing the mining area or mining material.

The individual tools or the tool holder can e.g. be made by forging, casting. The shovel (or an alternative tool carrier) can e.g. be made by welding, casting.

The free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack can be fixedly predefined by the tool holder or can also be varied by means of the tool holder. By setting the aforementioned parameters and other parameters, the free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack with respect to the excavation area (mountain, slope) can be varied, in particular by several degrees around an average value. The angles of the alignment of the tools on the tool holder can each be individual, for example each differ by several degrees (in particular up to 10 °).

The term “penetration surface” can also refer synonymously to a penetration surface in the excavation material that is at least approximately orthogonal to the absolute speed of the blade (or to the motion vector), the penetration surface in particular for SR applications in dependence on the relative movement of the tool through the material Shape of a cone can be generated. Based on the penetration surface as an auxiliary variable, depending on the movement path of the shovel or the tools, for example a conical penetration surface or a penetration plane (especially with drum and bridge loaders or Chain scratches). This also facilitates a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of changes in parameters or parameters, in particular with regard to the digging process or digging force and tool wear.

According to the invention, the predefinition of an adequate relative alignment of the respective tool (in particular tooth) can also be facilitated in a simulative manner. A trial use in the field (time-consuming and cost-intensive experiments on a technical scale) can thus be avoided; cost-intensive constructive changes (design review) are also unnecessary.

The concept according to the invention is described below by referring to individual steps that can be used individually or in combination during the evaluation or setting.

In order to be able to analyze the quantitative impact of the SRB parameter change on the efficiency of use and the intensity of the digging force for each individual tooth and / or for the overall SR drive, a statistically based method has proven to be particularly useful, which also includes the parameters chip cross-section and setting angle and material contact frequency can depict and evaluate for each individual excavation element and optionally also illustrate or represent. Such a method can be subdivided into six steps, for example, based on the concept according to the invention - in particular for the purpose of easier understanding:

First step S1 - Definition of the work area (optionally dispensable, especially if the work area is already predefined)

A quantitative definition of the working area for blades of an SRB in the defined mining block can be made individually for each mining situation. For a defined mining block geometry (swivel angle ranges, swivel speed boundary conditions), the cutting angle ranges of the blades in a respective disk can be determined and a realizable position range of the blades for the disk as a two-dimensional matrix M1 be defined, in particular with the parameters swivel angle φ and cutting angle α of the blade, i.e. as M1 (φ; α). The swivel angle and cutting angle ranges can be finely divided (eg 100-fold division).

Second step S2 - penetration surface or penetration cone surface

A penetration area is defined for each blade position ( 2 ). Using the example of an SRB blade, the penetration surface can be defined in particular as a function of a rotation of the straight line connecting the blade position with the blade wheel center around the pivot axis of the SRB superstructure. A penetration contour of the blades with tools through artificially clamped penetration surfaces can also be used or simulated as a basis for the optimization.

Third step S3 - creation of penetration contours of a blade

The penetration contours of the blades or tools in each defined current position can be generated or mapped in particular by spatially penetrating the “current” and “previous” blades through the previously defined penetration surface in the same cutting angle position and overlapping on a plane, preferably separately a graphic for a right and a left pan is generated. For example the in 3 The simulations shown show the chip cross-sections of a round, toothed shovel (tools = teeth) in a certain position (pivot and cutting angle position of the shovel; the position is symbolized in the lower area of the 3 represented by reference to the paddle wheel) of a standard SRB, namely in both pivoting directions, i.e. both for a left pivot ( 3A) as well as for a right turn ( 3B) . The areas machined by the two outermost contours of the respective tooth (corresponding to the section covered by the relative movement between the two temporally offset positions; corresponding to the section in the material traversed by the respective tool between the "previous" and the "current" blade penetration contour) lift the chip cross-sections, which are connected for three lateral teeth and which can thus lead to the tearing out of quite large clod-shaped chunks of material (in particular with an edge size of up to approx. 1 m). If the teeth / tools are positioned far enough apart in the direction of the cutting speed vector (feed direction), clod-shaped lumps can largely be prevented. Effect: sustainable use of tools; optimized way of material degradation (degradation efficiency).

Reference can also be made to a number of tools (certain tools in an arrangement in a row relative to one another), in particular based on tool key figures or parameters, which are determined by a / the chip cross-sectional area and / or by cutout, wedge and / or side angles of the respective tool series are characterized.

Fourth step S4 - determination of the chip cross-section dwell time of individual rows of teeth

The fourth step can optionally be carried out for further optimization. In order to evaluate the quality of the arrangement of each row of tools (or row of teeth, for example, indexed by the index "i"), this row of tools is assigned a certain cross-sectional area from each blade position, assessed quantitatively and, by forming the corresponding tooth chip surface matrices A _{Zi, L} (φ ; α) and A _{Zi, R} (φ; α) recorded and statistically evaluated with the help of residence time matrices (dwell time of the blade in this blade position), in particular in the form of area dwell time diagrams per tooth ( 4th ).

The dwell time of the blade in the respective relative blade position is preferably determined essentially as a function of the disk height, cutting speed, pivoting speed and the grid increments for the pivoting and cutting angle in the respective disk. The faster the swivel speed, the smaller the disc height and the smaller the grid steps, the shorter the dwell time of the blades in the respective current position.

The relative dwell time, in particular based on the total time in the mining block, can be used as a reference value or as a weighting value for optimizing free cut, wedge and / or side angles, in particular based on the cross-sectional area distribution and / or the free cut, wedge and / or lateral angle of attack distribution of a predefinable number or subset of tools.

Fifth step S5 - frequency of dwell angles, wedge and clearance angles

For the purpose of quantitative assessment of the correctness of the tool alignment (tooth orientation), the clearance angle, wedge and side angle of attack can be calculated for each tool (tooth) in each blade position ( 5 ) and statistically evaluated for each row of teeth and in correlation with retention frequencies.

The angles of attack can vary in the range of several degrees around an average value. The angle of attack can be predefined based on optimization measures or, alternatively, adjusted during operation. The position angles of the tools or teeth on the shovel (or their orientation on the shovel) can differ from one another, e.g. differ by more than 10 °, in individual cases even by more than 30 °.

The method according to the invention also makes it possible to determine the correct or optimal position of each individual tool or tooth during a simulation or solely by means of a simulation, i.e. not only after a test run of the excavator with subsequent very cost-intensive design changes. Experiments in the field on an industrial scale are therefore no longer necessary. This can also save time and money.

Sixth step S6 - forecast of the intensity of wear

For the purpose of quantitative evaluation of the wear pattern (especially in relation to the frequency of material contact) for each row of teeth, a fine-meshed grid is created on the tooth surface of each tooth (especially with the help of an FEM program), with a contact frequency with reference to specific blade positions for each node of the grid Chip cross-sections (in particular with material chip cross-sections in penetration contours) can be determined. The contact frequency can be correlated with the length of stay. The frequency of contact of the grid nodes (in particular each individual grid node) for each tooth or row of teeth can be clearly displayed, for example, as colored or gradual views ( 6th ), so that based on this, for example, design changes can be initiated, or an alignment of the tools relative to the material can be optimized "online". In the example of 6th it can be seen that the central front tooth is particularly heavily stressed on the entire front flank, and the two teeth on the right and left next to it are stressed slightly asymmetrically, and the two outermost teeth on the right and bottom left are stressed strongly asymmetrically (almost exclusively on the inner side); the outermost teeth mainly only work in one pivoting direction, i.e. only on one side flank. It can also be seen that there is no exact mirror symmetry of the loads, which can be due, for example, to the fact that the paddle wheel carrier does not rotate exactly in a vertical plane, but is aligned slightly inclined (depending on the design of the SRB).

In particular, the following parameters can also be taken into account: pressure distribution of the material flow on the tooth surface, cutting speed, material abrasiveness, wear resistance of the tooth material in the node area. This also facilitates a reliable forecast of the intensity of wear with regard to the tools / teeth.

According to one variant, the removal of the material can also be used as reloading Material be designed. For example, the material is extracted from a storage site or from a dump by a repeating cyclical sequence of infeed and feed movements of at least one continuously moving shovel.

The tools can also be designated or configured as digging tools. The blade base body can also be designated or configured as a blade blade. Optionally, one or more shovel knives can also be attached and supported on the shovel base. The digging tools can be fastened and supported on the shovel knives.

According to one embodiment, the blade arrangement can be set or operated with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: Infeed, advance and / or shovel movement parameters during continuous material degradation, in particular in a predefined / predefinable parameter variation range, in particular for setting optimal penetration contours of the Tools through the material to be mined, for setting statistically comparable chip cross-sections of the respective tools, for setting an optimized free cut, and / or for setting side angles of the respective tool; in particular in the case of a bucket arrangement of a bucket wheel excavator, in particular with regard to a respective complete pivoting movement of the bucket in a respective mining disc. This enables further optimization. A dismantling disk is a part of the work area that can be dismantled by a paddle wheel of an SRB by pivoting depending on the pivot angle, with several dismantling disks optionally being arranged one above the other or being created during dismantling (multi-disk operation).

According to one embodiment, at least one of the parameters or the degradation parameters can be set or at least predefined indirectly via the tool holder. For this purpose, the tool holder can be designed to be adjustable accordingly. The blade arrangement can be adjusted with respect to at least one of the following tool parameters, in particular by means of the tool holder: type of tool, number of tools, relative tool position and / or tool orientation, in particular relative distance between the tools.

According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the parameters relating to the position of the tools, in particular the teeth, can be set or at least predefined indirectly via the tool holder in such a way that the optimal free cut, wedge and / or side angle of incidence of the respective tool are set for a given dismantling method, optionally also during a construction phase in a simulative manner for a specific mining method. This also enables variability when optimizing the parameters.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the blade arrangement is set up to determine and / or adjust the penetration area or penetration cone surface, in particular by means of an adjustable pivot axis. This also provides a useful reference value or calculation basis for further optimization measures.

According to one embodiment, the blade arrangement is set up to determine and / or set the penetration contour, in particular set up by means of at least one actuator to adjust the alignment of the tools in relation to the feed direction of the blade arrangement. In this way, it is also possible to determine a load or stress on a particular tool in relation to an operating state or in relation to the stress in the entire mining block.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the blade arrangement is set up to determine and / or set a chip cross-section dwell time, in particular based on a chip surface matrix. This also enables, in particular, an analysis of the stress and an optimization in terms of device or process technology with regard to wear and service life, in particular for the purpose of comparing all tools of the blade arrangement with one another.

For example, the arrangement of the tools at a relative distance from one another and / or the tooth geometry can influence the chip cross-section dwell time.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the blade arrangement is set up to determine and / or set free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack of the respective tool or the tool holder, in particular based on cross-sectional areas for a respective row of tools (teeth). This also allows the tool alignment to be optimized relative to the material. The respective parameters can be influenced, for example, via the arrangement of the tools at a relative angle to one another and / or via the tooth geometry.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the blade arrangement is set up to record, evaluate and / or computer-aided determination of forces acting on the tool (s) or Moments, in particular by means of at least one sensor unit individually coupled to the tools. As a result, the second optimization phase (tool optimization) can also be linked to the third optimization phase (process optimization based on operating parameters). A pressure load can in particular also be recorded for an entire SR arrangement, optionally also for each individual tool.

According to one embodiment, the tools are reversibly attached to the blade base body by means of the tool holder so that they can be detached / mounted. This configuration also facilitates uncomplicated adjustment or replacement in the field.

According to one embodiment, the blade arrangement is configured as a blade wheel arrangement. The blade arrangement can be set up to move the basic blade body or the tools arranged on it on a circular path, in particular with a circular path predetermined by the blade carrier. The individual tools can be positioned at least in sections according to a semicircular contour relative to one another on the blade base body. The blade base body can have an at least partially circular flank on which the tools protrude. The shovel arrangement is advantageously adjustable in an arrangement on a bucket wheel excavator with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: Penetration area of the shovel or the tools through the material, effective chip cross section of the respective tool, free cut, wedge and / or side angle of the respective Tool. These features also enable optimization when using bucket wheel excavators.

The aforementioned object is also achieved according to the invention in particular by an optimized blade arrangement for mining or picking up material, in particular in a configuration according to a previously described blade arrangement, with at least one blade and a plurality of tools supported on it, the optimized blade arrangement being produced by setting or Design of at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: penetration area of the blade through the material, penetration contour of the tools through the material, effective chip cross-section of the respective tool, free cut, wedge and / or side angle of the respective tool. This results in the aforementioned advantages. Setting or designing is to be understood as meaning, in particular, constructive, technical assembly or actuator measures, be it during the operation of the blade arrangement (in situ), be it during construction (especially simulation), be it during maintenance, repair and / or assembly or Adjustment.

According to the invention, the aforementioned object is also achieved in particular by a bucket wheel excavator (SRB) with at least one previously described bucket arrangement, the bucket wheel excavator having a control / regulating device which is set up to set at least one of the following parameters, in particular during operation of the bucket wheel excavator, in particular by means of at least one actuator of the bucket wheel excavator: penetration surface, penetration contour, chip cross-section dwell time, relative dwell time depending on the free cut, wedge and / or side angles of the respective tool, and / or wear intensity or material contact frequency. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

The control / regulating device can have a measuring and simulation device or be in communicative connection therewith and can be set up to clamp penetration areas in the predefinable removal area, and furthermore be set up for the simulative generation of penetration contours and for the evaluation of chip cross-section dwell times and relative dwell times for a respective chip cross-sectional area .

• - einen Oberbau, der schwenkend um eine zumindest annähernd vertikal ausgerichtete Achse gelagert ist, wobei der Oberbau eingerichtet ist, weitere horizontale Vorschub- und/oder Zustellbewegungen auszuführen;
• - wahlweise auch einen Ausleger, der auf dem Oberbau um eine zumindest annähernd horizontale Achse gelagert ist, wobei eine Höhenzustellung (vertikale Positionierbarkeit) der Auslegerspitze vorgesehen ist;
• - wenigstens einen Schaufelträger (Rad oder Kette) mit einer oder mehreren Schaufeln, der auf dem Oberbau bzw. Ausleger rotierend oder gleitend befestigt ist, so dass die Hauptbewegung der Schaufeln in einer zumindest annähernd vertikalen Ebene ausrichtbar ist;

The SRB can in particular comprise: a substructure supported on one or more running gears (crawler, tire or track running gears), the substructure being set up to execute a horizontal feed and / or feed movement;

• a superstructure which is mounted pivotably about an at least approximately vertically aligned axis, the superstructure being set up to carry out further horizontal feed and / or infeed movements;
• - optionally also a boom, which is mounted on the superstructure about an at least approximately horizontal axis, with a height adjustment (vertical positioning) of the boom tip is provided;
• - At least one blade carrier (wheel or chain) with one or more blades, which is attached to the superstructure or boom in a rotating or sliding manner, so that the main movement of the blades can be aligned in an at least approximately vertical plane;

The aforementioned object is also achieved according to the invention by a method for optimizing the alignment and / or position of at least one blade arrangement relative to material, in particular mining material, during mining or Picking up the material, in particular in the case of continuous mining, in particular of a previously described blade arrangement, the blade arrangement having a plurality of tools which are / are each positioned in a predefinable relative position for optimized engagement in the material on a basic blade body of at least one blade of the blade arrangement, with the blade arrangement is set or (simulatively or operationally) optimized based on degradation parameters measured during operation and / or fixed predetermined degradation parameters with respect to at least one of the following parameters: penetration surface of the shovel through the material, penetration contour of the tools through the material, effective chip cross section of the respective tool and accordingly the chip cross-section distribution with respect to the total number of tools, free cut, wedge and / or side angle of the respective tool and accordingly its respective Distribution in terms of the total number of tools; in particular in an arrangement on a bucket wheel excavator, in particular with regard to a pivoting and / or advancing movement of the bucket, in particular in the case of cyclical movement of the bucket carrier. This provides the aforementioned advantages.

In particular, an evaluation of the effectiveness of selected or optimized parameters or parameters based on (or as a function of) penetration contours of the blades can be carried out, whereby the evaluation can be carried out depending on tools with individually characteristic penetration areas in the mining material. In this way, a qualitative assessment can also be optimized. In connection with a computer-aided optimization or simulation, one can also speak of “artificially clamped” penetration areas.

At least one environmental parameter can also be taken into account, in particular the volume of the material to be degraded (in particular per time unit), geological or physical parameters (type of material, material distribution, density).

The degradation of the material can in particular also be carried out continuously. The material can in particular also be picked up in a discontinuous manner.

Optimization can e.g. can also be done in a purely simulative manner. Adjustment is preferably to be understood as a measure that takes place on an already existing arrangement, be it during operation, be it during retooling, be it during maintenance and repair or assembly.

According to one embodiment, at least one of the parameters or degradation parameters can be determined, adjusted or at least predefined indirectly via a tool holder of the blade arrangement by defining or readjusting the relative position of the respective tool or of all tools in relation to the blade body. This can be done in particular by means of the tool holder, be it manually or in an at least partially automated manner (in particular by means of actuators).

According to one embodiment, the penetration surface (in particular penetration cone surface) is optimized by adjusting the pivot axis of the bucket arrangement, in particular also the pivot axis of a bucket wheel excavator, relative to the material. A paddle wheel position (in particular characterized by distance and angular position) relative to the pivot axis can also be quantified.

According to one embodiment, the penetration contour is optimized by adjusting the alignment of the tools in relation to (or as a function of) a feed direction and / or feed speed or cutting speed of the blade arrangement. A (current) more recent penetration contour can be related to at least one older penetration contour, wherein the optimization can in particular also include a comparison of the penetration contour and can be based on information including the temporal course of the penetration contour.

According to one embodiment, a chip cross-section dwell time is optimized by generating a rake face matrix comprising information on the individual dwell time of the respective tool in the material for each tool, in particular in relation to a row arrangement of several tools. This also makes it easier to draw conclusions about the individual exposure.

According to one embodiment, the relative dwell time is optimized as a function of cutout, wedge and / or side setting angles by generating a cross-sectional area for each tool individually and / or for several tools in a row arrangement, in particular based on a tooth chip surface matrix. The method can include at least one computer-aided simulation of at least one characteristic or parameter can be carried out.

According to one embodiment, the method is carried out with the inclusion of at least one computer-aided simulation of at least one characteristic variable or parameter. This also enables a prognosis and optimization of operating states, in particular based on exclusively computer-aided optimization measures.

According to one embodiment, the wear intensity or material contact frequency is optimized by recording, evaluating and / or computer-assisted determining a pressure, force or torque distribution per tool or tool row, in particular as a function of a feed rate or cutting speed and / or the wear resistance of the tool. This can also facilitate “online” optimization.

According to one embodiment, at least one of the aforementioned degradation parameters or parameters is monitored in relation to a target delivery rate, the actual delivery rate being recorded, in particular by means of proven throughput sensors on the bucket wheel excavator SRB, and a target / actual Comparison takes place and, when a predefinable threshold value for the actual deviation is exceeded, the alignment and / or position of the tools is set, in particular actively and simultaneously during operation of the SRB.

According to the invention, the aforementioned object is also achieved by a control / regulating device set up to carry out a previously described method on a bucket wheel excavator, with at least one of the following parameters being specified or set when performing the optimization steps: penetration area, penetration contour, chip cross-section dwell time, relative dwell time as a function of free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack of the respective tool, intensity of wear or frequency of material contact, in particular by adjusting the position and / or alignment of at least one pivot axis and / or by adjusting a tool holder which positions tools on a respective blade of a bucket wheel of the bucket wheel excavator, in particular with regard to spiral movement paths of the tools, in particular along the surface of a toroid. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

According to the invention, the aforementioned object is also achieved by a computer program product set up to carry out a previously described method when it is executed on a computer, with at least one of the following parameters being determined or specified or set for (further) optimization steps: penetration area, penetration contour, chip cross-section dwell time Relative dwell time depending on the free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack of the respective tool, wear intensity or material contact frequency, in particular for the purpose of specifying a dependency between a blade or a blade wheel with tools arranged on it on the one hand and environmental parameters related to the mining area on the other. This results in the aforementioned advantages. In particular, the computer program product can enable optimization of specific parameters based on a desired block efficiency, be it simulatively with regard to constructive device-related aspects, be it “online” during operation, in particular with regard to control parameters of individual actuators.

The aforementioned object is also achieved according to the invention by using a control / regulating device or a computer program product for setting or optimizing the alignment and / or position of at least one blade arrangement relative to material, in particular excavation material, in particular a previously described blade arrangement, in particular in a previously described method, whereby for optimizing a setting or readjustment or predefinition of at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters takes place: Penetration area of a blade through the material, penetration contour of a plurality of tools arranged on the blade through the material, effective chip cross section of the respective tool, free cut -, wedge and / or side angle of the respective tool; in particular as a function of at least one of the following operating parameters of the blade arrangement: holding height, disk height, number of disks, cutting angle, swivel angle range, swivel speed (change in swivel angle over time), feed. This results in the aforementioned advantages. The setting or optimization of the alignment and / or position can also include the definition of an optimal movement path of the tools through the mining block, on the one hand with regard to a cyclical movement, on the other hand also with regard to a feed and pivoting movement of a bucket wheel excavator through the mining block.

Figure list

• 1 den Ausgangspunkt gemäß der Situation im Stand der Technik;
• 2 eine Illustration zur Definition einer Durchdringungsfläche bzw. Durchdringungskegeloberfläche;
• 3A, 3B eine Illustration von Durchdringungskonturen;
• 4 eine Illustration einer Verweildaueranalyse für Spanquerschnittsflächen;
• 5A, 5B jeweils eine Illustration von relativen Verweildauern bei Variation von Winkel-Parametern;
• 6 eine Illustration einer Kontakthäufigkeitsanalyse für eine Mehrzahl von Werkzeugen in einer Anordnung an einem Schaufelgrundkörper;
• 7 ein Verfahrensschaubild, welches einzelne Schritte eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens veranschaulicht;
• 8 in schematischer Darstellung einen Schaufelradbagger in einem Abbaublock.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the description of at least one exemplary embodiment with the aid of drawings and from the drawings themselves. The following figures each show partial aspects of the present invention, namely

• 1 the starting point according to the situation in the prior art;
• 2 an illustration for the definition of a penetration surface or penetration cone surface;
• 3A , 3B an illustration of penetration contours;
• 4th an illustration of a dwell time analysis for chip cross-sectional areas;
• 5A , 5B an illustration of relative dwell times in each case when angle parameters vary;
• 6th an illustration of a contact frequency analysis for a plurality of tools in an arrangement on a blade body;
• 7th a process diagram which illustrates individual steps of a method according to the invention;
• 8th a schematic representation of a bucket wheel excavator in a mining block.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the case of reference symbols that are not explicitly described with reference to an individual figure, reference is made to the other figures.

For the purpose of easier understanding, the figures are described together, at least in sections, with reference to all reference symbols. Details or special features shown in the respective figures are described individually. The individual parameters labeled “K” relate in particular to a tool geometry and the way in which the tool interacts with the material or the movement path through the mining area.

The 1 illustrates the situation according to the state of the art: three individual optimization phases are each considered largely independently of one another and each justify measures separately from one another, without the phases and measures being coordinated in a particularly detailed manner. In particular, a block geometry is optimized in a first phase I, in particular with the help of a so-called block efficiency program. In a second optimization phase II (tool optimization), the interaction between tool and excavation material is to be optimized. In a third optimization phase III (process optimization based on operating parameters), the respective device should be individually adapted to the application.

The following describes in more detail the way in which the present invention also enables these phases to be linked, in particular also a correlation of the second and third phase.

The 2 illustrates in a three-dimensional perspective the movement spectrum of a boom of a bucket wheel excavator SRB in a mining disk about a pivot axis z3 , with exemplary reference to material degradation by means of SRB in a mining disc. The individual blades arranged on the blade wheel SR and the tools or teeth mounted thereon are moved in particular on spiral movement paths along the surface of a toroid, in particular in such a way that conical penetration surfaces are defined (or penetration cones K2 ), which are aligned at least approximately orthogonally to the cutting direction in the respective cutting position of the blade.

α

Schnittwinkel der Schaufel, insbesondere individuell je Scheibe

φ

momentaner Schwenkwinkel (aktuelle Schwenkwinkelposition)

φ_R

Schwenkwinkel nach rechts, ausgehend von „Vor Kopf-Position“

φ_L

Schwenkwinkel nach links, ausgehend von „Vor Kopf-Position“

2 also illustrates the following angles:

α

Cutting angle of the blade, in particular individually for each disc

φ

current swivel angle (current swivel angle position)

φ _R

Pivot angle to the right, starting from "in front of head position"

φ _L

Pivot angle to the left, starting from "in front of head position"

The cone opening angle β relative to the swivel axis z3 is π / 2 - α (Cutting angle of the blade). The swivel angle φ _R and φ _L can also be understood as the maximum swivel angle.

• PSR Schnittposition der jeweiligen Schaufel in der Abbauscheibe
• PSR0 Vorkopf-Position des Schaufelrades (φ = 0)
• PSR1 aktuelle/momentane Schwenkposition des Schaufelrades

The following positions are also illustrated or named:

• PSR cutting position of the respective shovel in the mining disc
• PSR0 front head position of the paddle wheel (φ = 0)
• PSR1 current / momentary swivel position of the paddle wheel

The contour of the mining disc around the z3 axis defined by the swivel movement of the SR can be used as a swivel chip 8th are designated.

The 2 shows exemplary penetration contours (positions of the penetration cone surface) of a blade in each case in a specific relative position in the material, the penetration cone surface for both a left pivot and a right pivot can be used as a basis, with reference to standard parameters or characteristics specifically for blades of an SRB.

A penetration surface or penetration cone surface can be determined for each vane position K2 set by rotating the straight line connecting the bucket position with the bucket wheel center around the pivot axis of the SRB superstructure 103 is generated (especially the second step S2 ; especially creation of conical penetration surfaces).

Advance can be a first step S1 a quantitative definition of the working area for blades of an SRB in the specified mining block can be made (in particular definition and digitization of the working area for possible blade positions). For this purpose, the cutting angle ranges of the blades in each disk (current excavation plane in relation to the vertical direction) are first determined for the defined mining block geometry (in particular depending on the swivel angle ranges and swivel speed laws), with a realizable position range of the blades for each disk separately as a two-dimensional matrix M1 ( φ ; α ) is defined. The swivel angle and cutting angle ranges are finely divided, in particular in the same step (in particular 100-fold division). However, the work area can also already be specified so that step S1 is optional.

The 3A , 3B illustrate a graphical analysis that can be carried out in connection with a load and length of stay analysis. In particular, based on a development of a conical surface with the current and previous penetration contour ( K3 ) of the blades for a left turn ( 3A) and for a right turn ( 3B) a respective chip cross-sectional area of the individual teeth or rows of teeth can be determined, reference being made in each case to a comparison between two temporally offset relative positions of the tools of a shovel when the material is engaged.

In a third step S3 can produce the penetration contours K3 of a bucket at any position relative to the material, in particular for current and previous spatial bucket models by mining material in the corresponding conical surface. The penetration contour K3 can also be referred to as an auxiliary optimization parameter.

The penetration contours of the current "current" blade on the one hand and some "previous" blades on the other, namely penetration contours through the previously defined conical surface, can be developed or mapped (especially for each position) on a plane and each as a graphic separately for a right and produce a left pan. For example the in 3A , 3B The simulations shown show the chip cross-sections of a round, toothed blade (front flank at least approximately in the shape of a segment of a circle; tools = teeth) in a certain position of a standard SRB. The foremost marked areas in the respective pivoting direction highlight the chip cross-sections, which are related for three lateral teeth and which can thus lead to the tearing out of quite large clod-shaped chunks of material (especially with an edge size of up to approx. 1 m). The upper isolated smaller marked area indicates a front central tooth (with seven teeth the fourth tooth from the left or right). Are the teeth / tools positioned far enough apart in the cutting direction (feed direction; cutting speed) (parameter P3 , especially the distance between the teeth), clod-shaped lumps can largely be prevented. Effect: sustainable use of tools; optimized way of material extraction.

For a better understanding, a swivel movement of an SR with respect to the 3A , 3B described in more detail: When swiveling to the left ( 3A) the three side teeth are in engagement with the material, and the front tooth is also in engagement; however, the three opposite teeth on the opposite side do not work. When panning to the right ( 3B) only the three right side teeth and the front tooth work. In other words: The single front tooth (or alternatively the two front teeth) are continuously in engagement with the material (in the corresponding circumferential range of the rotation of the paddle wheel, usually over 90 ° to 120 ° of the circumference), and the side teeth are only in the right or left pivoting movement in engagement. Accordingly, the chip cross-section (and thus also the stress or load) of the front teeth is dimensioned smaller than the chip cross-section of the side teeth - the two opposing teeth on the far outside have the largest chip cross-section, as they are only stressed in one of the pivoting directions. In this way, the service life or stress of all teeth can be averaged or adjusted to one another. This example makes it clear in what respect a tool optimization can take place, in particular based on the fourth parameter (in the sense of an auxiliary parameter, here chip cross-section dwell time).

In the 3A , 3B a schematic illustration of the excavation block is also shown below the indicated tool contours, for the purpose of referring the determined parameters / parameters to the relative arrangement of the SR relative to the excavation material, in particular with regard to a current pivot position and / or holding height.

The 4th shows an exemplary evaluation of the relative dwell time or dwell time frequency (ordinate, in percent) or cumulative frequency of the dwell time of the rows of teeth (individual teeth 10 ₁ to 10 ₇ ), in relation to the clearance angle of the support plane, and in relation to the side angle of attack. In a fourth step S4 can be a chip cross-section dwell time as a parameter K4 (Reduction parameter auxiliary variable) or the cumulative frequency of the chip cross-section dwell time of the individual tools or rows of teeth can be determined. In particular, the chip cross-sections (chip cross-sectional area P4 in mm ² ) for the blade in each (digital) position by superimposing the current and previous blades with an area evaluation for each tooth.

To assess the quality of the arrangement of each row of teeth "i" (individual teeth 10 ₁ to 10 ₇ ) a certain cross-sectional area is assigned to this row of teeth, assessed quantitatively and by forming the corresponding tooth chip surface matrices A _{Zi, L} (φ; α) and A _{Zi, R} ( φ ; α ) recorded and statistically evaluated with the help of residence time matrices, in particular in the form of area dwell time diagrams per tooth.

4th shows that the fourth tooth 10 ₄ (in this example corresponding to the middle front tooth) already has a significantly longer total dwell time (approx. 23%) from a chip cross-sectional area of 10,000 mm ² than all the other six teeth.

In one step S4a An evaluation of the angle setting (free cut and side setting angles of the working and support surfaces) of each individual tooth can be carried out relative to the absolute speed vector.

In a fifth step S5 a dwell frequency of the side inclination, wedge and clearance angle can be determined. In this step, in particular, the dwell time for each individual tooth in each working position of the blade can be determined, and the tooth chip cross-sectional areas and tooth setting angles can be assigned to the rows of teeth.

For the purpose of quantitative evaluation of the correctness of the tooth orientation, the clearance angle, wedge and side angle of attack can be calculated for each tooth in each blade position ( 5A , 5B) and statistically evaluated for each row of teeth. In one step S5a a statistical evaluation and graphical representation of the dwell time frequency for the chip cross-sections, clearance and side angle of attack of each row of teeth can be carried out.

Sixth step S6

Prediction of the intensity of wear (frequency of material contact), in particular prediction of tooth digging forces and tooth wear intensities of each row of teeth, in particular based on a statistical evaluation of one or more simulations.

For the purpose of quantitative evaluation of the wear pattern for each row of teeth, a fine-meshed grid is created on the tooth surface of each tooth with the help of an FEM program and a contact frequency (parameter K6 ), especially with reference to chip cross-sections. The frequency of contact of the grid nodes for each tooth or row of teeth can be clearly shown, for example, as colored views ( 6th ). If one takes into account the pressure distribution of the material flow on the tooth surface, the cutting speed, the material abrasiveness and the wear resistance of the tooth material in the nodal area, a prognosis of the wear intensity for the teeth can also be carried out.

Seventh step S7

In a seventh step S7 A parameter variation can be carried out in the manner of a control loop, in particular a parameter variation for the tool geometry (tooth or blade geometry), for the relative or absolute tool position (in particular tooth position), and / or with regard to a specific mining method. The seventh step S7 can optionally also start from the step S3 , S4 and or S5 be performed.

In the event that the setting of the blade arrangement has been optimized in a satisfactory manner, the method according to step S7 canceled. Optionally, a control loop can be implemented and / or a new simulation can take place with at least one parameter variation (back to step S3 ).

The 5A , 5B show an example of a contact frequency analysis for the teeth of a blade of an SRB, with the clearance angle P5c and side angle of attack P5a of the tools (each on the abscissa) with respect to the relative Length of stay or with regard to the relative frequency of length of stay K5 (Ordinate) are plotted. It can be seen that the individual teeth 10 ₁ to 10 ₇ (here, for example, seven teeth 10 _n ) each have a very individual load and contact characteristic; In other words: the individual curves for the seven teeth each have a very individual characteristic course.

For example, the third tooth is defeated 10 ₃ or the fourth (middle) tooth 10 ₄ according to 5A a particularly long dwell time or dwell time frequency (in particular for a clearance angle in the range from 5.5 to 6.5 °), which allows conclusions to be drawn about a comparatively large tooth setting angle. The first tooth 10 ₁ and the second tooth 10 ₂ however, contact in a completely different way, namely over a very broad spectrum of the clearance angle, but with a comparatively low dwell frequency.

The frequency of dwell time can also be related to the side angle of attack P5a to be analyzed ( 5B) : For the third or fifth tooth 10 ₃ or. 10 ₅ a maximum can be observed at approx. 0 °, which indicates a very good lateral alignment of the tooth. In contrast, the lateral orientation (side angle of attack P5a ) of the first tooth ( 10 ₁ ) and the seventh tooth ( 10 ₇ ) (both teeth are arranged in an arrangement as outer lateral teeth) with approx. 10 ° clearly from the 0 ° alignment (compare left and right peak in 5B) which can be specifically observed on an SRB blade. In other words: in the case of the lateral teeth, the maximum dwell time occurs at comparatively large lateral angles of attack.

The middle (fourth) tooth 10 ₄ works approximately equally intensively in both swivel directions, especially at + 6 ° or -6 ° ( 5B) . This can be called the optimum.

Using the example of 5A , 5B It can be seen by a person skilled in the art that there is still very great potential for optimization with regard to the tooth orientation, be it with regard to individual teeth, be it with regard to guiding the entire blade.

The 6th illustrates the evaluation of the load on the tools, based on a contact frequency analysis, which is carried out or supported in particular by means of an FEM simulation. The individual teeth 10 are in an exploded view relative to the tool holder 21st shown (here: plug connection, especially in the radial direction). Using the example of 6th the following components can also be described: optimized tooth 10 , optimized shovel 20th , optimized tool holder 21st (here individually for each tooth), front flank 22nd the blade or the blade base body, sensor unit 23 , optimized blade arrangement 30th , Actuator 31 . For example, the actuator enables 31 a relative orientation of the blade and / or a relative orientation of the respective tooth 10 or all teeth together. In particular, a third tool parameter P3 will be set, in particular by defining the relative tool position and / or tool alignment by means of the tool holder. The indicated blade body can (rigid or movable) on a blade carrier 32 be attached (not explicitly shown; cf. 8th ). The other actuator 31 exemplifies some feed and adjusting movements that can be implemented by means of one or more actuators, in particular also "online" for the purpose of optimization measures during operation (dismantling process).

S1

erster Schritt, insbesondere Definition Arbeitsbereich

S2

zweiter Schritt, insbesondere Definition Durchdringungsfläche(n)

S3

dritter Schritt, insbesondere Bestimmen/Einstellen Durchdringungskontur(en)

S4

vierter Schritt, insbesondere Bestimmen/Einstellen Spanquerschnitt(e)

S4a

Bewertung der Winkelanstellung bzw. der relativen Ausrichtung

S5

fünfter Schritt, insbesondere Bestimmen/Einstellen der Verweildauer bezüglich einer jeweiligen Werkzeugposition

S5a

statistische Auswertung und/oder grafische Darstellung

S6

sechster Schritt, insbesondere Bestimmen/Einstellen Verschleißintensität

S7

siebter Schritt, insbesondere Parametervariation

In 7th are individual steps S1 to S7 a method according to the invention illustrated. The individual steps can be defined as follows:

S1

first step, especially definition of work area

S2

second step, in particular definition of penetration area (s)

S3

Third step, in particular determining / setting the penetration contour (s)

S4

fourth step, in particular determining / setting the chip cross-section (s)

S4a

Evaluation of the angular position or the relative alignment

S5

fifth step, in particular determining / setting the dwell time with respect to a respective tool position

S5a

statistical evaluation and / or graphic representation

S6

sixth step, in particular determining / setting the intensity of wear

S7

seventh step, especially parameter variation

With the individual steps S2 to S7 In particular, the tool parameters can also be used P1 to P6 are taken into account, in particular the type of tool, number of tools, relative tool position and / or tool orientation (in particular also relative to the other tools), chip cross-sectional area, side contact, wedge and / or clearance angle and pressure distribution.

8th shows a bucket wheel excavator (SRB) 100 , with a substructure 102 with several caterpillars 101 as well as with a superstructure 103 with a boom on which a bucket wheel (SR) 40 is arranged. A large number of optimized blade arrangements can be used on the SR 30th each be provided with a shovel and each with a large number of optimized teeth (tools). By means of at least one actuator 31 can the SR 40 are positioned as intended, in particular in accordance with specifications by a control / regulating device 50 .

In 8th individual environmental parameters are also shown, in particular for the geometric definition of the mining area (block mining parameters). Operating parameters of the SRB 100 illustrated. The mining area can be determined in particular by the block height 1 , the block width 2 and the side slope inclination 3 To be defined. These three parameters can also be referred to as environmental parameters, especially in the sense of a geometric definition of the mining area. The SR 40 is at an SR holding height 4th positioned and can material according to a disc height 5 dismantle (operating parameters of the SRB). In the illustrated example, the number of slices over the entire block height is four slices (multi-slice operation). The holding height can be adjusted from top to bottom 4th for specifying the pane height 5 can be adjusted or adjusted. The present invention relates in each case to the tooling and mining parameters which are set in one of these disks during mining. In particular, for a specific application it can be assumed that the environmental conditions in each of the letters are comparable.

The SRB 100 processed a degradation block, which in particular by a first parameter K1 can be described. The first parameter K1 can refer to the number of slices, the slice height, the block width and / or the block height. A target delivery rate can be set for the respective mining block K0 be defined, in particular based on (more or less theoretical) block efficiency considerations. The parameters K0 , K1 can be taken into account in the further steps to define optimization measures.

List of reference symbols

1

Block height

2

Block width

3

Side slope inclination

4th

SR holding height

5

Pane height

8th

Swivel chip

10

optimized tooth or optimized tool used

20th

optimized or optimally used shovel

21st

Tool holder

22nd

front flank

23

Sensor unit

30th

optimized or optimally used blade arrangement

31

Actuator

32

Blade carrier

40

optimized paddle wheel arrangement

50

Control / regulating device

100

optimized bucket wheel excavator

101

Caterpillar

102

Substructure

103

Superstructure / boom

K0

Target delivery rate

K1

first characteristic or degradation parameters, in particular working range

K2

second parameter or degradation parameter, in particular penetration area or penetration cone surface

K3

third parameter or degradation parameter, in particular penetration contour

K4

fourth parameter or degradation parameter, in particular chip cross-section dwell time

K5

fifth parameter or degradation parameter, in particular the frequency of residence or relative residence time

K6

sixth parameter or degradation parameter, in particular wear intensity or material contact frequency

M1

Matrix position range bucket

P1

first tool parameter, in particular tool type

P2

second tool parameter, in particular number of tools

P3

third tool parameter, in particular relative tool position and / or tool orientation

P4

fourth tool parameter, in particular chip cross-section or chip cross-sectional area

P5, P5a, P5b, P5c

fifth tool parameter, in particular side angle, wedge angle and / or clearance angle

P6

sixth tool parameter, in particular pressure distribution

PSR

Cutting position of the shovel

PSR0

Front head position of the paddle wheel

PSR1

Current / momentary (relative) swivel position of the paddle or paddle wheel

S1

first step, especially definition of work area

S2

second step, in particular definition of penetration area

S3

third step, in particular determining / setting the penetration contour

S4

fourth step, in particular determining / setting the chip cross-section

S4a

Evaluation of the angle adjustment

S5

Fifth step, in particular determining / setting the length of stay

S5a

statistical evaluation and / or graphic representation

S6

sixth step, in particular determining / setting the intensity of wear

S7

seventh step, especially parameter variation

z3

Pivot axis, in particular the pivot axis of the superstructure

α

Cutting angle of the blade, in particular individually for each disc

β

Cone opening angle

φ

Swivel angle superstructure / boom or swivel angle range bucket

φ _R

Pivot angle to the right, starting from "in front of head position"

φ _L

Pivot angle to the left, starting from "in front of head position"

Claims (17)

Blade arrangement (30) set up for mining or picking up material, comprising: at least one blade (20) with a blade base body; a vane carrier which is moved cyclically in an at least approximately vertical plane and to which the at least one vane is attached; - a plurality of tools (10) arranged on the blade base body, in particular teeth, set up and arrangeable for engaging the material; -at least one tool holder (21) which defines the relative position of the respective tool or all tools in relation to the blade body; - at least one actuator (31) set up to set or execute a feed movement and set up to set at least one parameter or a degradation parameter; characterized in that the blade arrangement (30) can be set or operated or optimized based on degradation parameters measured during operation and / or fixedly predetermined with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: penetration surface (K2) of the blade through the material, penetration contour (K3 ) of the tools through the material, effective chip cross-section (P4) of the respective tool and correspondingly the chip cross-section distribution with regard to the total number of tools, clearance, wedge and / or side angle (P5) of the respective tool, and its respective distribution with regard to the total Number of tools; in particular in an arrangement on a bucket wheel excavator (100), in particular with regard to a pivoting and / or advancing movement of the shovel (20), in particular with cyclical movement of the shovel carrier. Shovel arrangement according to the preceding device claim, wherein the shovel arrangement (30) can be set or operated with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: infeed, advance and / or shovel movement parameters (M1, PSR1) during continuous material degradation, in particular in a predefined / Predefinable parameter variation range, in particular for setting optimal penetration contours (K3) of the tools (10) through the material to be mined, for setting chip cross-sections (P4) of the respective tools, for setting optimized free cut, and / or for setting side setting angles (P5 ) of the respective tool; in particular in the case of a bucket arrangement of a bucket wheel excavator (100), in particular with regard to a respective complete pivoting movement of the bucket in a respective mining disc. Blade arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein at least one of the parameters or the degradation parameters can be set or at least predefined indirectly via the tool holder (21); and / or the blade arrangement (30) is adjustable with respect to at least one of the following tool parameters, in particular by means of the tool holder: type of tool, number of tools, relative tool position and / or tool orientation, in particular relative distance between the tools. Blade arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein at least one of the parameters relating to the position of the tools (10), in particular relating to the position of the teeth of a bucket wheel arrangement (40), can be set or at least predefined indirectly via the tool holder in such a way that the optimal free cut, Wedge and / or side angle of attack (P5) of the respective tool are set for a given mining method, optionally also in a construction phase in a simulative manner for a specific mining method. Vane arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, the vane arrangement (30) being set up to determine and / or adjust the penetration area (K2), in particular by means of an adjustable pivot axis (z3); and / or wherein the blade arrangement (30) is set up to set the penetration contour (K3), in particular set up by means of at least one actuator (31) to adjust the alignment of the tools (10) in relation to the feed direction of the blade arrangement (30). Blade arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, the blade arrangement (30) being set up to determine and / or set a chip cross-section dwell time (K4), in particular based on a rake face matrix; and / or wherein the blade arrangement (30) is set up to determine and / or set free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack (P5) of the respective tool or the tool holder, in particular based on cross-sectional areas for a respective row of tools. Shovel arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, the tools being fastened to the basic blade body in a reversible manner by means of the tool holder. Vane arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the vane arrangement is designed as a paddle wheel arrangement (40); and / or wherein the blade arrangement is set up to move the blade base body or the tools (10) arranged thereon on a circular path; and / or wherein the individual tools are positioned at least in sections according to a semicircular contour relative to one another on the blade base body; and / or wherein the basic blade body has an at least partially circular flank (22) on which the tools protrude; and / or wherein the vane arrangement in an arrangement on a Bucket wheel excavator (100) is adjustable with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters: penetration area (K2), effective chip cross-section (P4), free cut, wedge and / or side angle (P5). Optimized shovel arrangement (30) for mining or picking up material, in particular a shovel arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, with at least one shovel and a plurality of tools (10) supported thereon, the optimized shovel arrangement being produced by setting or laying out at least one of the The following parameters or degradation parameters: Penetration area (K2) of the blade through the material, penetration contour (K3) of the tools through the material, effective chip cross-section (P4) of the respective tool, free cut, wedge and / or side angle (P5) of the respective tool. Bucket wheel excavator (100) with at least one bucket arrangement (30) according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the bucket wheel excavator (100) has a control / regulating device (50) which is set up to set at least one of the following parameters, in particular during operation of the bucket wheel excavator , in particular by means of at least one actuator of the bucket wheel excavator: penetration surface (K2), penetration contour (K3), chip cross-section dwell time (K4), relative dwell time (K5) as a function of the clearance, wedge and / or side setting angles (P5) of the respective tool, and / or wear intensity (K6) or material contact frequency. A method for optimizing the alignment and / or position of at least one blade arrangement (30) relative to material when mining or picking up the material, in particular of a blade arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, the blade arrangement having a plurality of tools (10), each of which at least one blade (20) of the blade arrangement is / are positioned in a predefinable relative position for optimized engagement in the material on a blade base body, characterized in that the blade arrangement is based on degradation parameters measured during operation and / or fixedly predetermined with respect to at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters are set or optimized: Penetration area (K2) of the blade through the material, penetration contour (K3) of the tools through the material, effective chip cross-section (P4) of the respective tool and, accordingly, the chip cross-section distribution with regard to the total number of tools, free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack (P5) of the respective tool and according to its respective distribution with regard to the total number of tools; in particular in an arrangement on a bucket wheel excavator (100), in particular with regard to a pivoting movement of the bucket (20). Method according to the preceding method claim, wherein at least one of the parameters or degradation parameters can be determined, adjusted or at least predefined indirectly via a tool holder (21) of the blade arrangement (30) by the relative position of the respective tool (10) or all tools in relation is defined or readjusted on the blade body; and / or wherein the penetration area (K2) is optimized by adjusting the pivot axis of the shovel arrangement (30), in particular also the pivot axis (z3) of a bucket wheel excavator (100), relative to the material. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the penetration contour (K3) is optimized by adjusting the alignment of the tools (10) in relation to a feed direction and / or feed speed or cutting speed of the blade arrangement (30); and / or wherein a younger penetration contour (K3) is set in relation to at least one older penetration contour; and / or wherein a chip cross-section dwell time (K4) is optimized by generating a rake face matrix comprising information on the individual dwell time of the respective tool in the material for each tool, in particular in relation to a row arrangement of several tools; and / or wherein the relative dwell time (K5) is optimized as a function of free cut, wedge and / or side angle of attack (P5) by generating a cross-sectional area for each tool (10) individually and / or for several tools in a row arrangement, in particular each based on a tooth chip surface matrix; and / or the method being carried out with the inclusion of at least one computer-aided simulation of at least one characteristic variable or parameter. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the wear intensity (K6) or material contact frequency is optimized in that a pressure, force or torque distribution per tool (10) or row of tools is recorded, evaluated and / or determined with the aid of a computer, in particular as a function of a feed rate or cutting speed and / or wear resistance of the tool; and / or where at least one of the aforementioned degradation parameters or characteristics is monitored in relation to a target delivery rate, the actual delivery rate being recorded, and a target / actual comparison being made and when a predefinable value is exceeded Adjustment of the alignment and / or position of the tools is carried out on the threshold value for the actual deviation. Control / regulating device set up to carry out a method according to one of the preceding method claims on a bucket wheel excavator, wherein at least one of the following parameters is specified or set: Penetration area, penetration contour, chip cross-section dwell time, relative dwell time depending on the free cut, wedge and / or side setting angles of the respective tool, wear intensity or material contact frequency, in particular by setting the position and / or alignment of at least one pivot axis and / or by setting a tool holder, which tools positioned on a respective bucket of a bucket wheel of the bucket wheel excavator, in particular with respect to spiral movement paths of the tools, in particular along the surface of a toroid. Computer program product set up for executing a method according to one of the preceding method claims when it is executed on a computer, wherein at least one of the following parameters is determined or specified or set: penetration area, penetration contour, chip cross-section dwell time, relative dwell time depending on free cut, wedge and / or side angle of incidence of the respective tool, wear intensity or material contact frequency, in particular for the purpose of specifying a dependency between a shovel or a paddle wheel with tools arranged thereon on the one hand and mining area-related environmental parameters on the other. Use of a control / regulating device (50) or a computer program product for setting or optimizing the alignment and / or position of at least one blade arrangement (30) relative to material, in particular of a blade arrangement (30) according to one of the preceding device claims, in particular in a method According to one of the preceding method claims, wherein, for optimization, at least one of the following parameters or degradation parameters is set, readjusted or predefined: Penetration area (K2) of a blade through the material, penetration contour (K3) of a plurality of tools (10) arranged on the blade ) through the material, effective chip cross-section (P4) of the respective tool, free cut, wedge and / or side angle (P5) of the respective tool; in particular as a function of at least one of the following operating parameters of the blade arrangement: hold-out height (4), disk height (5), number of disks, cutting angle (α), swivel angle range (8), swivel speed, feed.

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