DE102019135358A1 - Body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

A body (1) for sound absorption and / or sound insulation is specified, which has a first part body (2), which has a lattice structure (3), and a second part body (4) connected to the first part body (2), which is called acoustic active layer (5) is formed. The second part body (4) is formed in one piece with the first part body (2).

Description

A body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation is specified.

For sound absorption, plate resonators, film absorbers and acoustic foams are known in the prior art.

Acoustic foams have a relatively lower absorption behavior in the low-frequency range. In the high-frequency range, on the other hand, they absorb homogeneously and strongly over wide frequency bands. They are therefore unsuitable for selective applications.

Due to their nature, particularly due to their low weight per unit area and their thin walls, film absorbers are mechanically unstable and difficult to attach. They are therefore rarely used.

Plate resonators, on the other hand, have a complex structure and are usually very large in volume.

It is therefore an object to be solved at least some embodiments to provide a body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, which can be selectively adjusted, mechanically stable and can also be used in the low-frequency range. Furthermore, the acoustic activity (insulation / absorption) should also be ensured for complex and small-volume bodies or components.

This object is achieved by an object according to the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the subject matter are furthermore evident from the dependent claims, the following description and from the drawing.

According to at least one embodiment, a body described here for sound absorption and / or sound insulation has a first part body, which has a lattice structure or consists of a lattice structure, and a second part body connected to the first part body. The second part body is preferably designed as an acoustically active layer. The term “acoustically active layer” can be understood to mean, for example, a layer that can be activated by an input of sound, for example by being set into oscillation by the input of sound. Furthermore, the term “acoustically active layer” denotes, for example, a layer through which an active component can be activated as a result of the introduction of sound, such as air in a space in a gap in the acoustically active layer. The acoustically active layer can be, for example, a membrane, in particular one that has a two-dimensional extension. The second part of the body can e.g. be connected directly to the first part of the body, i.e. the acoustically active layer or the membrane can be connected directly to the lattice structure. The acoustically active layer can, for example, run in a freely selectable shape through the body or through the lattice structure and does not have to be fixed by a clamping frame or the like.

Furthermore, the second part body is formed in one piece with the first part body. In particular, the membrane can be formed in one piece with the lattice structure. The body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation can consequently be an integral component. The first part body and the second part body can, for example, be manufactured together, i.e. the first part body and the second part body can be produced or formed together by a manufacturing process. For example, the body can be used for sound absorption and / or sound insulation through an additive manufacturing process, for example through Polyjet, DLS ("DLS", Digital Light Synthesis), SLS ("SLS", selective laser sintering), LAM ("LAM", liquid additive manufacturing) , STEP ("STEP", Selective Thermoplastic Electrophotographic Process), Binder Jetting or SLM ("SLM", laser beam melting). The feature according to which the second part body is formed in one piece with the first part body can mean in particular that the two part bodies or the acoustically active layer and the lattice structure are not connected to one another by a joining process which, after a finished or completed production or process Formation of the partial body takes place.

The lattice structure preferably has a multiplicity of web-like sections made of solid material and a multiplicity of recesses arranged between them. The lattice structure is preferably designed so that a fluid can flow through it. The lattice structure provides the necessary stability and can advantageously be set or adapted to a desired compression hardness.

For example, the lattice structure can be designed such that the lattice structure has a multiplicity of individual cells, the cells each having a cell size between 1.0 mm and 20.0 mm, preferably between 2.5 mm and 7.5 mm.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer or the membrane is arranged in the interior of the lattice structure. For example, the acoustically active layer can be embedded in the lattice structure. Furthermore, the acoustic active layer have two surfaces facing away from each other, wherein the lattice structure is integrally connected to both surfaces of the acoustically active layer.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer is arranged in such a way that it is arranged essentially perpendicular to an expected main direction of sound propagation of the scarf emanating from a sound source.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer is designed as an outer layer of the body. For example, the acoustically active layer or membrane can close off the body or the lattice structure of the body from the outside.

According to a further embodiment, the body has a plurality of second partial bodies or a plurality of acoustically active layers, which are each formed in one piece with the lattice structure. For example, the body can have between two and twenty acoustically active layers or membranes, or between five and ten acoustically active layers. The individual acoustically active layers can each have one or more features of the aforementioned embodiments and of the embodiments listed below. For example, the acoustically active layers or membranes can be embedded within the body in the lattice structure. On the other hand, two acoustically active layers, for example, can close off the body from the outside at two opposite end sections of the body. The various acoustically active layers or membranes are preferably arranged parallel to one another.

According to a further embodiment, each acoustically active layer is at a distance of between 1 mm and 200 mm from the closest acoustically active layer. Each acoustically active layer is particularly preferably at a distance of between 5 mm and 30 mm from the closest acoustically active layer. By adjusting the distance between two adjacent acoustically active layers, desired frequency ranges can be absorbed in a targeted manner.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer or membrane has a thickness between 0.05 mm and 50.0 mm. The acoustically active layer preferably has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5.0 mm, particularly preferably between 0.2 mm and 3.0 mm.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer or the acoustically active layers have a weight per unit area between 0.1 kg / m ² and 1.0 kg / m ² . The acoustically active layer particularly preferably has a weight per unit area between 0.2 kg / m ² and 0.8 kg / m ² . By choosing a suitable weight per unit area of the acoustically active layer or the acoustically active layers, a desired frequency range can also be absorbed by the body in a targeted manner.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer or membrane has a curvature. For example, the acoustically active layer can have a convex shape. Furthermore, the acoustically active layer can have a wave shape. In addition, it is possible for the acoustically active layer to have a multiplicity of elevations which extend essentially perpendicular to the main plane of extent of the acoustically active layer.

According to a further embodiment, the acoustically active layer or the various acoustically active layers of the body have a plurality of cutouts or perforations. For example, the acoustically active layer or the various acoustically active layers can have a degree of perforation or a hole area ratio between 0.1% and 20.0%, preferably between 0.5% and 5.0%, particularly preferably between 0.5% and 2.0%.

According to a further embodiment, the body has a plastic or consists of a plastic. For example, the body can consist of TPE (“TPE”, thermoplastic elastomer), TPU (“TPU”, thermoplastic polyurethane) or EPU (“EPU”, elastomeric polyurethane). The body can also consist of a silicone, for example. These materials advantageously have elastic behavior with a high loss factor. Alternatively, the body or the lattice structure and the acoustically active layer can also consist of a metal or metal alloy.

According to a further embodiment, the body has one or more spacers which, for example, can be web-shaped, and which is or are arranged between the first part-body and the second part-body or between the lattice structure and the acoustically active layer. The spacer or spacers are preferably formed in one piece with the first part body and in one piece with the second part body. The spacer or spacers can, for example, be manufactured together with the first partial body with the second partial body.

Furthermore, a component is specified which has a body described here for Has sound absorption and / or sound insulation. The surface of the body or the lattice structure and / or the membrane can advantageously be adapted to a surface structure of the component. The component can be, for example, a vehicle component, such as an interior component of a vehicle.

Furthermore, the component can have a foam body, which is preferably connected directly to the body. The foam body can, for example, be foamed onto the body and / or fixed to the body in a form-fitting manner or, for example, be bonded to the body in a materially bonded manner.

The body described here for sound absorption and / or sound insulation creates an acoustically active body which can be selectively adjusted, mechanically stable and can also be used in the low-frequency range. The acoustic activity is advantageously also ensured for complex and small-volume components.

Furthermore, a use of a body described here for sound absorption and / or sound insulation of a sound emitted by a sound source is specified. The body is preferably arranged with respect to the sound source in such a way that the sound emitted by the sound source strikes the acoustically active layer or the acoustically active layers of the body essentially perpendicularly.

• 1 bis 3 schematische Darstellungen eines Körpers zur Schallabsorption und/oder Schalldämmung in verschiedenen Ansichten gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 4, 6, 8-10 u. 13 schematische Darstellungen von Körpern zur Schallabsorption und/oder Schalldämmung gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen,
• 5, 7, 11 u. 12 schematische Darstellungen von akustisch aktiven Schichten gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen, und
• 14 u. 15 schematische Darstellungen eines Fahrzeugbauteils gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the body described here for sound absorption and / or sound insulation emerge from the following in conjunction with FIGS 1 to 15th described embodiments. Show it:

• 1 to 3 schematic representations of a body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation in different views according to a first exemplary embodiment,
• 4th , 6th , 8-10 u . 13 schematic representations of bodies for sound absorption and / or sound insulation according to further exemplary embodiments,
• 5 , 7th , 11 u . 12 schematic representations of acoustically active layers in accordance with various exemplary embodiments, and
• 14 u . 15 schematic representations of a vehicle component according to a further exemplary embodiment.

In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical or identically acting components can each be provided with the same reference symbols. The elements shown and their proportions to one another are fundamentally not to be regarded as true to scale. Rather, individual elements can be shown exaggeratedly thick or with large dimensions for better representation and / or for better understanding.

The 1 to 3 each show schematic representations of a body 1 for sound absorption and / or sound insulation in different views. The 1 a perspective view showing 2 a sectional view and the 3 a top view of the body 1 .

The body 1 has a first part body 2 with a lattice structure 3 and two with the first part body 2 connected second part body 4th , each as acoustically active layers 5 are trained on. Here are the second part of the body 4th each in one piece with the first part of the body 2 educated. The second part of the body 4th is through an additive manufacturing process together with the first partial body 2 manufactured.

The 4th shows a plan view of a body 1 according to a further embodiment, wherein an acoustically active layer 5 of the body 1 a plurality of holes or perforations 8th having. By the number, shape and / or size of the perforations 8th frequency ranges that are to be absorbed can be set in a targeted manner.

In the 5 is an acoustically active layer 5 shown according to a further embodiment, wherein the acoustically active layer 5 has a waveform with a plurality of regular curvatures. The 6th shows a body 1 for sound absorption and / or sound insulation with two such acoustically active layers 5 , which are each integral with the lattice structure 3 of the body 1 are trained.

The 7th shows a further embodiment of an acoustically active layer 5 , the acoustically active layer 5 a convex shape and a multitude of perforations 8th having. Also due to the convex shape of the membrane 5 a specific frequency range can be set that is to be absorbed.

In the 8th is a body 1 shown for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, which differently shaped acoustically active layers 5 having. In particular, some of the acoustically active layers 5 a plurality of perforations while another part of the acoustically active layers 5 is free of perforations. Furthermore, some of the acoustically active layers have a curvature or a wave shape with a plurality of curvatures, while another part of the acoustically active layers is free from curvatures.

The 9 shows a body 1 for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, which has a lattice structure 3 and integral with the lattice structure 3 formed acoustically active layers 5 having, both the lattice structure 3 as well as the acoustically active layers 5 is specifically adapted in terms of its shape to an available installation space or to the shape of an adjacent component, such as a vehicle component.

In the 10 is a body 1 shown for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, in which the first part of the body 2 by a plurality of spacers 7th with the second part of the body 4th connected is. The spacers 7th are integral with the first part of the body 2 with the second part of the body 4th educated. Preferably the spacers are 7th together, for example by an additive manufacturing process, with the first partial body 2 and with the second part body 4th manufactured.

The 11 and 12th show acoustically active layers 5 according to 2 further exemplary embodiments. In the embodiment according to 11 exhibits the acoustically active layer 5 a plurality of elevations which are essentially perpendicular to the main plane of extent of the acoustically active layer 5 extend on. In the embodiment according to 12th is the acoustically active layer 5 designed so that it tapers towards its center with respect to its layer thickness.

In the 13th is another embodiment of a body 1 shown for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, the body 1 a lattice structure 3 and a plurality of acoustically active layers 5 , which are embedded in the lattice structure. The lattice structure 3 a network form with different network layers, which are essentially parallel to the acoustically active layers 5 extend on.

The 14th and 15th show a component 10 in a perspective view and in a sectional view, the component 10 a body 1 for sound absorption and / or sound insulation and a foam body 9 having, wherein the foam body 9 to the body 1 is foamed. The body 1 has a first part body 2 with a lattice structure and a second part body 4th that acts as a membrane 5 is formed, wherein the first part body 2 by a plurality of spacers 7th which are integral with the first part body 2 with the second part of the body 4th are formed with the second partial body 4th connected is.

Alternatively or additionally, the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures can have further features in accordance with the embodiments of the general description.

List of reference symbols

1

Body for sound absorption and / or sound insulation

2

first part body

3

Lattice structure

4th

second part body

5

acoustically active layer

6th

Foam body

7th

Spacers

8th

Recess

9

Foam body

10

Vehicle component

Claims (17)

Body (1) for sound absorption and / or sound insulation, having - A first part body (2) which has a lattice structure (3) or consists of a lattice structure (3), and - A second partial body (4) which is connected to the first partial body (2) and is designed as an acoustically active layer (5), - wherein the second part body (4) is formed in one piece with the first part body (2). Body after Claim 1 , wherein the first part body (2) and the second part body (4) are manufactured together. Body according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , wherein the acoustically active layer (5) is designed as a membrane. Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acoustically active layer (5) is arranged in the interior of the lattice structure (3). Body according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , wherein the acoustically active layer (5) is designed as an outer layer of the body (1). Body according to one of the preceding claims, having a plurality of acoustically active layers (5) which are formed in one piece with the lattice structure (3). Body after Claim 6 , each acoustically active layer (5) to the nearest acoustically active layer (5) has a distance between 1 mm and 200 mm. Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acoustically active layer (5) has a thickness between 0.05 mm and 50 mm. Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acoustically active layer (5) has a weight per unit area between 0.1 kg / m ² and 1.0 kg / m ² . Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acoustically active layer (5) has a plurality of cutouts (8). Body after Claim 9 , wherein the acoustically active layer (5) has a degree of perforation between 0.5% and 5.0%. Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (1) consists of a plastic, in particular a plastic made of TPE, TPU or EPU, or of a silicone. Body according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (1) is produced by an additive manufacturing process. Component, in particular vehicle component, having at least one body (1) for sound absorption and / or sound insulation according to one of the preceding claims. Component after Claim 14 , further comprising a foam body (9) which is directly connected to the body (1). Use of a body (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 13th for sound absorption and / or sound insulation of a sound emitted by a sound source. Use according to Claim 16 wherein the body (1) is arranged with respect to the sound source in such a way that the sound emitted by the sound source strikes the acoustically active layer (5) essentially perpendicularly.

Images