DE102019127657A1 - Pressing tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressing tool (1) for producing a workpiece. The press tool (1) comprises a base structure (10), a press surface (2) and a wear layer (11, 31) which is arranged on the base structure (10) and at least partially forms the press surface (2), which during the production of the workpiece by pressing is in contact with the workpiece and in which a release agent (12) is embedded, which at least reduces adhesion of the wear layer (11, 31) to the workpiece during the pressing.

Description

Pressing tools, e.g. in the form of press plates, endless belts or embossing rollers, are used in the woodworking industry, for example, to manufacture furniture, laminates or panels, i.e. general workpieces. The workpieces are pressed with the pressing surface of the pressing tool, so that the workpieces have surfaces corresponding to the pressing surface.

The WO 2009/062488 A2 discloses a press plate with a structured press surface. The structured press surface includes a structure that has a mountain-like surface with valleys and heights. The structured pressing surface is produced by deep etching and comprises a full-surface chrome layer that rests on the material plate during pressing.

The object of the invention is to specify an improved pressing tool with a pressing surface.

The object of the invention is achieved by a pressing tool for producing a workpiece, having a basic structure, a pressing surface and a wear layer which is arranged on the basic structure and at least partially forms the pressing surface and which is in contact with the workpiece during the production of the workpiece by pressing and in which is embedded with a release agent which at least reduces adhesion of the wear layer to the workpiece during pressing. The wear layer can be a full-surface wear layer and, for example, forms the entire pressing surface. The wear layer can be a partial wear layer and then only partially forms the pressing surface.

The wear layer is made of metal or plastic, for example, or is a lacquer wear layer.

The pressing tool with the wear layer can be produced, for example, by applying a metal, plastic or lacquer layer to the basic structure with the addition of the release agent in order to obtain the wear layer which at least partially forms the pressing surface.

In the case of the wearing layer made of plastic, the pressing tool is preferably produced by applying the plastic layer to the basic structure with the addition of the release agent by printing. This type of production is relatively environmentally friendly.

The plastic preferably comprises polyetheretherketone or consists of polyetheretherketone.

In the case of the wear layer made of metal, the pressing tool is preferably produced by applying the metal layer to the basic structure with the addition of the separating agent by electroplating or chemical coating. The metal of the metal layer is preferably chromium-free. In particular, the metal layer is a nickel layer, the production of which is relatively environmentally friendly.

If the wearing layer is a lacquer wearing layer, then the pressing tool is preferably produced by applying the lacquer layer to the basic structure by printing or by powder coating. This can also be done in a relatively environmentally friendly way.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a pressing tool for producing a workpiece, having a pressing surface with a structure of elevations and depressions and several metal or plastic layers superimposed in layers, the pressing surface in contact with the workpiece during the production of the workpiece by pressing and a release agent is embedded in the metal, plastic or lacquer layers overlaid in layers, which at least reduces adhesion of the pressing surface to the workpiece during pressing.

The plastic preferably comprises polyetheretherketone or consists of polyetheretherketone.

The press tool according to the invention is, for example, an endless belt, an embossing roller or preferably a press plate and comprises the press surface. The pressing surface can be smooth or preferably comprise a structure made up of elevations and depressions, that is to say a structured pressing surface. This gives the workpiece a structured surface corresponding to the structure of the press surface.

The workpiece is, for example, a material plate. This includes, for example, a carrier, e.g. an MDF board or a chipboard, which e.g. is pressed with a resin or plastic coated or impregnated carrier, e.g. in the form of paper, using the pressing tool. The material plate can also be a so-called luxurious vinyl tile (LVT).

The pressing tool comprises the pressing surface with which the workpiece is produced by pressing. During the pressing process, the pressing surface rests or stands on the material with this in contact, so that the workpiece receives a surface corresponding to the pressing surface.

So that the pressing tool or its pressing surface can separate from the workpiece as well as possible after pressing and, in particular, leave as little residue as possible, the release agent is embedded in the wear layer that at least partially forms the pressing surface. Separating agents as such are intended to keep materials lying against one another separable, so here the adhesion of the wear layer and thus the adhesion of the pressing surface to the workpiece is at least reduced. This can increase the quality of the workpiece. Since the release agent is also already embedded in the wear layer, the addition of an additional release agent during pressing can be dispensed with, which simplifies the handling of the press tool according to the invention. The residues are in particular resin or plastic residues, should the pressed workpiece be pressed with the resin or plastic coated or impregnated carrier.

The release agent is preferably a particulate release agent. The particulate release agent can be embedded in the wear layer in a relatively simple manner, for example by adding it when the metal, plastic or lacquer layer is applied to the base structure in order to obtain the wear layer that at least partially forms the pressing surface.

The particles of the particulate release agent are preferably relatively small in diameter, for example 150 to 250 nanometers.

The particulate release agent is in powder form, for example.

According to a variant of the press tool according to the invention, the particulate release agent comprises perflouraloxy polymer particles or consists of perflouraloxy polymer particles. Perflouraloxy polymer particles as a particulate release agent can be added to the wear layer made of metal, plastic or paint in a relatively simple manner. Perfluoroalkoxy polymers (abbreviated PFA) are in particular completely fluorinated plastics, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) or perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ethers, such as. B. perfluorovinyl propyl ether. Perflouraloxy polymer particles as particulate release agents are suitable for the wear layer made of metal or plastic, but also for the lacquer wear layer.

According to a variant of the press tool according to the invention, the particulate release agent comprises polytetrafluoroethylene particles or consists of polytetrafluoroethylene particles. Polytetrafluoroethylene (abbreviated PTFE) is in particular an unbranched, linearly structured, partially crystalline polymer made of fluorine and carbon. Polytetrafluoroethylene particles as a particulate release agent are particularly suitable for the wearing layer made of plastic or for the lacquer wearing layer.

According to one embodiment of the press tool according to the invention, the release agent is a solvent-based release agent. This is particularly suitable when using the lacquer wear layer.

The release agent preferably comprises a volume fraction of 10-30%, in particular 15-25%, based on the volume of the wear layer.

According to one embodiment of the press tool according to the invention, the wear layer is a full-area separating layer applied to the base support, on which a partial wear layer with a separating agent embedded therein is arranged, so that the full-area and partial wear layers form the pressing surface. According to this variant, the pressing tool comprises the full-surface wear layer and the partial wear layer arranged thereon, in each of which the release agent is embedded. This makes it possible, for example, to provide the press surface with areas of different degrees of gloss.

According to a variant of the press tool according to the invention, the full-surface wear layer has a first degree of gloss and the partial wear layer has a second degree of gloss different from the first degree of gloss.

The different degrees of gloss of the wear layers designed as paint or plastic layers can be achieved, for example, by hardening the wear layers, e.g. by UV radiation, electron beam or laser hardening, or by exposure to different temperatures.

The full-surface wear layer made of metal can be treated before the partial wear layer made of metal is applied. This treatment can include a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or chemical treatment of the full-surface wear layer and / or the treatment of the full-surface wear layer can take place with a laser.

The treatment of the full-surface wear layer can also be a thermal treatment, for example tempering of the full-surface wear layer in order to harden it, for example. Is it the full-surface wear layer around a full-surface wear layer made of nickel, this can have a hardness of approx. 1100 Vickers or more as a result of the thermal treatment.

The partial wear layer made of metal can also be treated. This treatment can include a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or a chemical treatment of the partial wear layer made of metal and / or the treatment of the partial wear layer can take place with a laser. The treatment of the partial wear layer made of metal can also be a thermal treatment, for example annealing of the partial wear layer made of metal, in order to increase its wear resistance.

During the manufacture of the workpiece, the pressing surface is in contact with the workpiece and is therefore subject to wear. In order to reduce wear, the pressing surface should therefore be relatively wear-resistant. According to a variant of the press tool according to the invention, mineral particles are therefore embedded in the wear layer or the metal or plastic layers. In particular, the mineral particles may be embedded in the full-surface wear layer and the partial wear layer arranged thereon. This embodiment of the press sheet according to the invention can be produced by applying a metal, plastic or lacquer layer to the basic structure with the addition of the release agent and with the addition of the mineral particles in order to obtain the wear layer at least partially forming the press surface.

The mineral particles are designed, for example, as mineral powder.

By using the wear layer with mineral particles embedded in it, a chromium layer can be dispensed with, the production of which is relatively environmentally incompatible. As a result, the production of the press tool according to the invention is relatively environmentally friendly.

Minerals are mostly inorganic, homogeneous, mostly crystallized substances that occur in the earth's crust. The majority of the minerals known today and recognized as independently by the International Mineralogical Association are inorganic.

The mineral particles of the wear layer, possibly the full-surface wear layer and the partial wear layer arranged thereon, in particular have a Mohs hardness of at least 8.

According to one embodiment of the pressing tool according to the invention, the mineral particles have a size in the nanometer or micrometer range. As a result, the mineral particles can be embedded relatively homogeneously in the wear layer, possibly in the full-surface wear layer and the partial wear layer arranged thereon, so that it has a relatively homogeneous hardness over its entire surface. The sizes of the individual mineral particles can be different or essentially the same.

The mineral particles preferably have a volume fraction of at least 50% based on the volume of the corresponding wear layer with mineral particles embedded therein. Due to the size, the volume fraction and the type of minerals in the mineral particles, the desired degree of hardness of the wear layer with embedded mineral particles can be set.

The mineral particles are in particular diamond particles. The diamond particles are in particular industrial diamond particles, i.e. the diamond or mineral particles in general can be produced artificially. However, the minerals silicon carbide, boron nitride, boron carbide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide in particular can also be used as mineral particles.

The mineral particles are designed, for example, as mineral powder, in particular as diamond powder and preferably as industrial diamond powder.

The basic structure, in particular the structured basic structure, can be treated with the wearing layer before the arrangement or coating of the basic structure, so that the wearing layer preferably adheres better to the basic structure. This treatment can be a mechanical treatment of the basic structure, due to which, for example, the surface of the basic structure is roughened, for example, so that the wearing layer, in particular designed as a paint or plastic layer, adheres better to the basic structure. The treatment of the basic structure can comprise a galvanic, chemical and / or mechanical treatment of the basic structure and / or the treatment of the basic structure with a laser. Due to the handling of the basic structure, e.g. the structure of the basic structure can be refined.

• 1 ein Pressblech mit einer Pressoberfläche in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
• 2 einen Ausschnitt einer Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Pressblechs in geschnittener Darstellung,
• 3 einen Ausschnitt einer Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des Pressblechs in geschnittener Darstellung, und
• 4 einen Ausschnitt einer Seitenansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels des Pressblechs in geschnittener Darstellung.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the attached schematic figures. Show it:

• 1 a press plate with a press surface in a perspective view,
• 2 a section of a side view of a first exemplary embodiment of the press plate in a sectional illustration,
• 3 a detail of a side view of a second embodiment of the press plate in a sectional view, and
• 4th a detail of a side view of a third embodiment of the press plate in a sectional view.

The 1 shows a press plate in a perspective view 1 with a press surface 2 as an example of a pressing tool.

The 2 shows a detail of a side view of a first embodiment of the press plate 1 in cut representation.

The press plate 1 comprises a basic structure 10 z. B. made of metal or plastic. In the case of the present exemplary embodiments, the pressing surface has 2 a structure of depressions 3 and surveys 4th on, so the basic structure 10 according to the structure of the press surface 2 is structured. The press surface 2 is assigned to a wood grain, for example.

The basic structure 10 is preferably made of steel and was produced, for example, by deep etching.

With the press plate 1 a workpiece, for example a material plate, for example a laminate, can be produced by pressing. After pressing, the workpiece has one of the structure of the pressing surface 2 appropriately structured surface.

In the case of the 2 The first exemplary embodiment shown comprises the press plate 1 one on the basic structure 10 arranged wear layer 11 . The wearing course 11 can be a partial wear layer, but in the case of the present exemplary embodiment it is a full-surface wear layer.

In the wearing course 11 is a release agent 12th embedded.

The wearing course 11 is made of plastic or metal, for example. The wearing course 11 can also be a lacquer layer or a lacquer wear layer.

Is the wearing course 11 made of metal, then the metal is preferably nickel.

Is the wearing course 11 made of plastic, then the plastic preferably comprises polyetheretherketone or consists of polyetheretherketone.

The release agent 12th is preferably a particulate release agent. The particles of the particulate release agent 12th preferably have a relatively small diameter of 150 to 250 nanometers, for example, and have a volume fraction of 10-30%, in particular 15-25%, based on the volume of the wear layer 11 .

The particulate release agent 12th comprises, for example, perflouraloxy polymer particles or consists of perflouraloxy polymer particles.

The particulate release agent 12th may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene particles or consist of polytetrafluoroethylene particles.

In the case of the present embodiment are in the wear layer 11 also mineral particles 13th embedded. The mineral particles 13th are in particular industrial diamond particles and have a size in the nanometer or micrometer range. The sizes of the individual mineral particles 13th can be different or essentially the same.

The mineral particles 13th preferably have a volume fraction of at least 50% based on the volume of the wear layer 11 on.

In the case of the wearing course 11 The pressing tool is preferably made of plastic 1 by applying a plastic layer to the basic structure 10 with the addition of the release agent 12th and with the addition of the mineral particles 13th made by printing to the wear layer 11 made of plastic.

In the case of the wearing course 11 The pressing tool is preferably made of metal 1 by applying a metal layer to the basic structure 10 with the addition of the release agent 12th and the mineral particles 13th produced by electroplating or chemical plating to the wear layer 11 made of metal.

Is it the wearing layer? 11 around the paint wear layer, then preferably the press tool 1 by applying a layer of lacquer with the addition of the release agent 12th and the mineral particles 13th produced by printing or powder coating, around the wear layer designed as a lacquer wear layer 11 to obtain.

The basic structure 10 can be done before applying the wear layer 11 treated so that, for example, the wear layer 11 better at the basic structure 10 adheres. This treatment can be a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or chemical treatment of the basic structure 10 include and / or treating the basic structure 10 with a laser.

The release agent 12th can also be a solvent-based release agent. This is particularly suitable for the wear layer designed as a lacquer wear layer 11 .

The 3 shows a detail of a side view of a second exemplary embodiment of the press plate 1 . The one in the 3 The second embodiment shown differs from that in FIG 2 shown embodiment of the press plate 1 essentially by being on the full-surface wear layer 11 a partial wear layer 31 is applied, in which also the release agent 12th and mineral particles 13th are embedded.

The full-surface wear layer 11 in particular has a first degree of gloss and the partial wear layer 31 has a second degree of gloss that differs from the first degree of gloss.

Are the wearing layers 11 , 31 made of plastic or paint, the different degrees of gloss can be achieved, for example, by hardening the wear layers 11 , 31 for example, by UV irradiation, electron beam or laser hardening, or by exposure to different temperatures.

Are the wearing layers 11 , 31 made of metal, then the full-surface wear layer 11 made of metal before the partial wear layer is applied 31 made of metal. This treatment can be a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or a chemical treatment of the full-surface wear layer 11 include and / or the treatment of the full-surface wear layer 11 can be done with a laser.

Treating the full-surface wearing course 11 a thermal treatment can also be used, for example tempering the full-surface wear layer 11 be, for example, to harden them. If the full-surface wear layer is a full-surface wear layer 11 made of nickel, it can have a hardness of approx. 1100 HV or more due to the thermal treatment.

The partial wear layer 31 made of metal can be treated in addition. This treatment can be a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or a chemical treatment of the partial wear layer 31 made of metal and / or the treatment of the partial wear layer 31 metal can be done with a laser. Treating the partial wearing course 31 A thermal treatment, for example tempering of the partial wear layer, can also be used from metal 31 be made of metal to increase their wear resistance.

The 4th shows a detail of a side view of a third exemplary embodiment of the press plate 1 .

The press surface 2 of the 4th shown embodiment of the press plate 1 is structured and comprises the structure of indentations 3 and surveys 4th .

In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the press plate comprises 1 of the third embodiment a base support 41 made of steel and several layers of metal, plastic or paint, arranged one on top of the other or superimposed in layers 42 in each of which the release agent 12th is embedded. There are also layers of metal, plastic or paint 42 the mineral particles 13th embedded.

The metal layers are in particular nickel layers.

Is it the metal, plastic or paint layers 42 around metal layers, then these were produced, for example, by a chemical or galvanic process. In this case it was the press plate 1 preferably made etch-free by applying a mask to cover areas, a metal layer on the areas not covered by the mask with the addition of the release agent 12th and the mineral particles 13th was applied and this was repeated until the press surface 2 with the structure from the surveys 4th and depressions 3 by repeatedly applying masks and metal layers in layers with the addition of the release agent 12th and of mineral particles 13th originated. The treatment of the metal layers can also be a thermal treatment, for example tempering, as a result of which the metal layers can have a hardness of at least 1100 HV.

The metal layers can also be treated. This treatment can include a mechanical treatment and / or a galvanic and / or a chemical treatment of the individual metal layers and / or the treatment of the metal layers can take place with a laser.

Is it the metal, plastic or paint layers 42 around plastic layers, then these can be applied in layers, for example with a printer. The plastic layers can also be treated.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2009/062488 A2 [0002]

Claims (10)

Pressing tool for producing a workpiece, comprising a basic structure (10), a pressing surface (2) and a wear layer (11, 31) which is arranged on the basic structure (10) and at least partially forms the pressing surface (2) and which during the production of the workpiece through Pressing is in contact with the workpiece and in which a release agent (12) is embedded, which at least reduces adhesion of the wear layer (11, 31) to the workpiece during pressing. Press tool after Claim 1 , wherein the wear layer (11) is made of metal or plastic or is a lacquer wear layer, and / or mineral particles (13) are embedded in the wear layer (12), and / or the pressing surface (2) has a structure made up of elevations (4) and Has depressions (3). Press tool after Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the wear layer is a full-surface wear layer (11) applied to the base carrier (10), on which a partial wear layer (31) with a separating agent (12) embedded therein is arranged so that the full-surface and partial wear layers (11, 31) the Form press surface (2). Press tool after Claim 3 wherein the full-surface wear layer (11) has a first degree of gloss and the partial wear layer (31) has a second degree of gloss different from the first degree of gloss. Pressing tool for producing a workpiece, comprising a pressing surface (2) with a structure of elevations (4) and depressions (3) and several layers of metal, plastic or lacquer (42) superimposed in layers The pressing surface (2) is in contact with the workpiece and a separating agent (12) is embedded in the layered metal or plastic layers (42) which at least reduces the adhesion of the pressing surface (2) to the workpiece during pressing. Press tool after Claim 5 wherein mineral particles (13) are embedded in the metal, plastic or lacquer layers (42). Press tool according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th wherein the release agent (12) is a particulate release agent. Press tool after Claim 7 wherein the particulate release agent (12) comprises perflouraloxy polymer particles and / or polytetrafluoroethylene particles, and / or the particles of the particulate release agent (12) have a diameter of 150 to 250 nanometers. Press tool according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the release agent (12) is a solvent-based release agent. Press tool according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , wherein the release agent (12) has a volume fraction of 10-30%.

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