DE102019123830A1 - Method and packaging device for the production of packaging units - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a packaging device (1) for producing packaging units (35). The packaging units (35) each comprise at least two articles (30) or containers (31), the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) being combined by at least one first secondary packaging means (20) in the form of a packaging blank (21), wherein the packaging blank (21) has at least two passage openings (23) for the articles (30) or containers (31). The packaging blank (21) is applied and fixed to the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) by applying the packaging blank (21) from above to an assembly (29) of at least two articles (30) or containers (31) so that the articles (30) or containers (31) each pass through a passage opening (23) in certain areas, so that the packaging blank (21) in the applied state and fixed to the articles (30) or containers (31) at least partially is arranged and fixed between the articles (30) or containers (31). The articles (30) or containers (31) are subjected to an internal pressure (I) before application of the packaging blank (21), so that the internal pressure (I) of the Article (30) or container (31) is above atmospheric pressure at least at the time of application and fixing of the packaging blank (21). The method and the packaging device (1) are provided in particular for articles (30) or containers (31) which essentially consist of a thin-walled material that is elastic at room temperature.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a packaging device for producing packaging units according to the features of the independent claims.

State of the art

There are different types of packaging for the processing, compilation, grouping and packaging of articles such as, for example, beverage containers, for example the combination of the articles or containers into portable, relatively manageable container units or packaging units. Here, too, there are various known ways of combining individual articles into larger containers. For example, beverage containers are usually combined and packaged using shrink films to form packs of four, six or more containers. The production of containers is usually unavoidable, as they represent the most common variant of sales units or packaging units for beverage containers or bottles made of PET plastic. The containers are partly combined again for transport and / or put together in layers and palletized.

In the production of known types of packaging, specific production steps are necessary in order to be able to process the shrink films that are usually used. These manufacturing steps require a relatively high amount of energy. In addition, the film used causes costs for production, provision, handling and later disposal, since it is no longer needed after it has been sold. The machine equipment for providing the so-called film wrapping modules and other handling stations also causes high investment costs. Finally, the provision of the so-called shrink tunnel, in which the film wrapped around the container is shrunk around the container by means of the application of hot air, requires a relatively high investment of capital.

One variant in which the use of shrink film can be dispensed with are so-called strapping containers. In this case, the containers are combined into a bundle by means of so-called strapping bands and connected to one another. Containers and articles, e.g. cans or bottles, are grouped into formations in strapping machines that work continuously or in cycles and then strapped with one or more straps using strapping units. Typical formations can be, for example, 1x2 arrangements (two containers in a row), 2x2 arrangements (four containers in a square or in a diamond formation), 3x2, 4x3 or in principle also variable nxm arrangements.

The use of so-called top cardboard packaging is also known, for example, in order to combine several bottles via their neck areas. A packaging machine for placing such top cardboard packaging is in the patent EP 1075419 B1 described. Here, the articles are arranged in a box and the cardboard packaging is placed from above onto the at least one article arranged in the box. In particular, a plurality of articles are arranged in the box, and sub-groups are formed by placing a smaller number of upper gripping cardboard packaging on top, each of which summarizes a part of the articles arranged in the box.

Furthermore, packaging units are known that combine different types of secondary packaging means and combine the majority of the articles with a first packaging means and a second packaging means, in particular with a first secondary packaging means in the form of an upper cardboard box and with a second secondary packaging means in the form of strapping and / or in the form at least one adhesive connection.

The patent specification DE 22 06 071 C2 discloses a container packaging with a carrier device for holding together and transporting the containers made of an elastic and deformable plastic material. The carrier device has the openings receiving the container and finger tabs for tearing open the carrier device.

The disclosure document DE 25 31 325 A1 describes a container packaging with a support means made of plastic film. An upper support member comprises first end portions of each container and a second sheet metal or foil support portion comprises interconnected parts and holds each group of containers.

The disclosure document DE 10 2006 028 661 A1 shows a packaging unit with bottles and a bottle carrier which can be safely stacked even with a large number of packaging units. The bottles are grouped together by a support body with a support bracket and at least one banderole.

The utility model DE 20 2012 103 324 U1 discloses a container template for joining packaging units, in particular beverage bottles, to form containers. The container template has recesses for receiving a part of a packaging unit and centrally arranged incisions for forming a handle, the incisions being symmetrically surrounded by the recesses

From the DE 1 457 489 A a container with several bottles is also known, which are held together in the form of a package by means of endless belts. A handle enables the package to be carried. Another container arrangement is in the US 57 75 486 A disclosed. Rows of three or six bottles or cans are each fixed with cardboard attachments on the top and combined to form larger containers using straps.

description

The object of the invention is to provide an optimized method and a packaging device with which packaging units can be produced in an advantageous manner in which a plurality of articles are combined with a first secondary packaging means designed as a packaging blank.

The above object is achieved by a method and a packaging device for producing packaging units, which include the features in the independent claims. Further advantageous refinements are described by the subclaims.

The packaging units to be produced by means of the packaging device and the method comprise at least two articles or containers which are combined by at least one first secondary packaging means in the form of a packaging blank. In particular, the first secondary packaging means is a packaging blank which is applied from above to an assembly of at least two articles or containers and is assigned in particular to a neck area of the container. The packaging blank is preferably placed on the previously grouped and arranged in a defined arrangement of containers or articles and pressed by an at least partially downward force, in particular a downward pressure, at least partially on the articles or containers of the container group and thereby on this fixed.

Such a packaging blank is preferably designed to be essentially flat and has at least two passage openings for the containers. The packaging blank is applied to the container from above in such a way that the containers each pass through a passage opening in certain areas. In particular, it is provided that after the packaging blank has been attached to the container group, the containers are located above and in some areas below the packaging blank.

After the packaging blank has been set, a defined upper area of the container is preferably located above the packaging blank, while a defined lower area of the container is arranged below the packaging blank. As a result, the packaging blank in the applied state and fixed on the containers is at least partially arranged and fixed between the containers.

In particular, the through openings of the packaging blank can have fixing devices. For example, fixing tabs are formed by incisions extending radially inward (relative to the opening) from the openings or by the tabs or the like arranged between the incisions.

After the packaging blank has been arranged and fastened to the containers, it is in engagement with the containers in such a way that the packaging blank is essentially fixed in place on the containers. Thus, the packaging blank can only be removed again from the containers of the container group with increased expenditure of force with an upward force component, the packaging blank being able to be at least partially destroyed. Such packaging blanks are also referred to as top cardboard packaging.

The packaging blank preferably consists of a cardboard material, a plastic material, a cardboard-plastic composite material or the like.

Containers designed as bottles can, for example, have a closure area with a screw cap and neck ring. It is provided here that the fixing tabs of the packaging blank snap into place below the so-called neck ring after being applied to the bottles. A relatively high force is usually necessary for the fixing devices to snap into place, so that there is a risk that the containers, in particular bottles, may be deformed when the packaging blank is pressed on if the containers do not have sufficient stability.

In particular, when they snap into place, the bottom of the container stands upright on a horizontal surface, in particular on a conveyor or conveyor belt.

The above-mentioned neck ring is also referred to as a support ring or transport ring.

It is possible, for example, for the fixing tabs to snap into place between a bulbous (main) body of the container and the neck ring or between a neck ring and a closure, which two rings can also have a smaller diameter area between them (possibly directly on the safety ring of the closure).

The articles or containers are preferably beverage containers, in particular PET bottles or another suitable plastic or cans made of plastic and / or aluminum, cardboard, a composite material or the like. However, the packaging device is also suitable for a corresponding packaging blank to arrange and define other suitable containers.

In particular, the containers consist essentially (e.g. closure, label and the like, if associated, can be made of a different material) of a thin-walled material that is elastic at room temperature.

According to a preferred embodiment, the containers are formed by thin-walled plastic bottles with a petaloid-shaped bottom area. The containers used are preferably bottles which have an average wall thickness between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, preferably a wall thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, particularly preferably a wall thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

In particular, areas in which a deformation of the bottles leads to less irreversible deformation, for example by buckling, for example because the areas are stabilized by labels additionally applied to the bottles or by molded-in shapes such as grooves, panels and the like, or the like Bottles be particularly thin-walled.

In particular, the wall thickness in these areas is just so thick that no permanent deformation of the bottles takes place when a packaging blank is applied.

In the method according to the invention, it is provided that the articles or containers are subjected to an increased internal pressure before the packaging blank is applied. According to one embodiment, the internal pressure of the containers is at least temporarily above atmospheric pressure, i.e. the containers are at least temporarily subjected to an internal overpressure.

The pressure in the interior of the container is in particular higher than 1013 mbar. It is particularly preferably provided that the internal pressure of the article or container is above atmospheric pressure at least at the time of application and definition of the packaging blank.

A packaging device for the production of packaging units, in particular a packaging device for production according to the method described above, comprises a feed device or first transport device for the at least two articles or containers or for assemblies of at least two articles or containers, furthermore at least one internal pressure module for at least temporarily increasing one Internal pressure of the at least two articles or containers, so that the internal pressure of the articles or containers at least at the time of application and definition of the packaging blank is above atmospheric pressure and a packaging module for applying and setting the at least one first secondary packaging means provided in the form of a packaging blank to the at least two Articles or containers.

According to one embodiment, the articles are formed by containers which are filled with a liquid, in particular a drink, and then closed.

The containers are particularly preferably filled with a non-carbonized liquid which, when the container is filled, has a temperature between 3 ° C. and 50 ° C., preferably approximately room temperature. In other words, after the container has been closed, there would be a pressure in the interior of the container that essentially corresponds to the external atmospheric pressure without any further measures.

In order to increase the stability of the containers (as a further measure), an increased internal pressure is generated in the containers at least temporarily. In particular, at least at the time of application and fixing of the packaging blank on the articles or containers, there is an internal pressure which, at room temperature, is higher than atmospheric pressure. The increased internal pressure is necessary in particular in order to securely apply the packaging blank to the articles or containers without them deforming or kinking due to the force applied from above.

According to a first embodiment it is provided that before the container is closed, a compressed inert gas is filled into the container filled with liquid. Inert gases are gases that are very inert, i.e. only take part in a few chemical reactions. Inert gases are odorless and non-toxic and for this reason are also suitable for use in the food industry. Inert gases include, for example, elementary gases such as nitrogen, noble gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and gaseous molecular compounds such as sulfur hexafluoride. In the present case, in particular liquid nitrogen or a liquid nitrogen can be used as the inert gas Find noble gas use. When the inert gas within the closed container changes from the liquid to the gaseous state of aggregation due to the heating to the temperature of the container contents, the volume of the inert gas increases. Since the available interior space in the closed container is limited, the desired overpressure is created inside the container.

A corresponding packaging device comprises in particular a filling module for filling the articles or containers with the respective liquid and a closing module for closing the articles or containers filled with liquid. A first embodiment can provide that the internal pressure module is designed as an addition module assigned to the sealer module, which is designed to add carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) or an inert gas, the addition of carbon dioxide or inert gas before the seal and in particular in relation to the time Closing the article or container takes place.

For example, such an addition module includes a so-called nitrogen droppler, via which liquid nitrogen is dripped, sprayed or injected into the container that has been filled with liquid (drink) ("droppler" is just the usual term and does not represent a restriction to a drop shape) . The container is immediately closed immediately afterwards. The evaporating nitrogen leads to an amount of nitrogen gas with a gas volume that has been significantly increased in comparison to the assigned liquid volume, as a result of which an overpressure is generated in the container.

The addition module, in particular the nitrogen dropper, can preferably have two or more pouring openings (e.g. nozzles) for the carbon dioxide or the inert gas.

The addition of carbon dioxide or inert gas can preferably be regulated individually via each pouring opening. For example, the amount of carbon dioxide or inert gas supplied can be controlled via the number of open pouring openings. For example, individual pouring openings can be closed here. Alternatively, the amount of carbon dioxide or inert gas to be supplied can be controlled via valves, with an individually controllable valve being assigned in particular to each pouring opening.

A different inert gas reservoir can also be assigned to each of the various pouring openings, so that the inert gas used can be changed in a simple manner.

One embodiment can provide that at least one pouring opening (possibly including further parts or the entire addition module) is designed to be movable and can be carried along at least partially synchronously with the respective article or container in the direction of the closer module.

Instead of inert gas or CO ₂ , air could also be used as the gas.

An alternative embodiment can provide that the internal pressure module comprises a pressure chamber arranged around a closer head of the closer module.

A defined internal pressure can be generated in the pressure chamber via suitable connection lines to a compressed air supply. In particular, by arranging a pressure space around the mouth area of the article or container in the interior of the article or container, in particular in the area of the interior of the article or container that is not filled with liquid, an internal pressure that deviates from the ambient pressure, in particular an overpressure, can be generated.

By arranging the closing head or the closing device in the pressure space, the article or container can be closed under excess pressure. In particular, a defined overpressure can be generated in the filled article or container when it is closed. _{For example, CO 2} or nitrogen or air can be used as the gas for this. This gas is in particular in the gaseous state during sealing.

The chamber has, in particular, seals in order to seal off the container or possibly only the container head and the rotatable and / or axially movable closure head from the environment.

An alternative embodiment of a packaging device can comprise an internal pressure module which is designed as a temperature control or heating module for heating the articles or containers before the application and setting of the packaging blank. In such a packaging device, article or container assemblies can be equipped with a packaging blank which do not have a corresponding internal overpressure. In the heating module, the articles or containers, in particular the containers filled and closed with liquid, are heated at least slightly to room temperature or ambient temperature before the packaging blank is applied. Due to the heating, the volume of the liquid in the container increases.

In particular, the temperature control in relation to the wall thickness of the container is selected in such a way that the increase in the liquid volume is greater than the expansion of the container at the respective temperature. Since the wall and the closure of the container limit the expansion of the liquid, the internal pressure inside the container increases so that the packaging blank can now be applied by means of the necessary downward force without fear of deformation of the container.

The temperature control or heating module can be designed as a tunnel through which the containers, standing on a conveyor belt, are passed. Alternatively, an immersion bath with heated liquid can be used, into which the containers are immersed after filling and sealing.

According to a further embodiment, the internal pressure module is assigned directly to the packaging module for applying the packaging blank and comprises pressure elements which, during or during the application of the packaging blank, at least partially laterally compress the article or container and thereby generate the necessary internal pressure in the container.

The pressure elements can touch the container at points at which a deformation does not lead to kinking of the container. A frequently possible location is a labeling area or at the level (viewed along a container axis) of the labeling area.

Alternatively or additionally, the pressure elements can only compress the container by means of a defined or limited pressure, so that no kinks or permanent deformations remain. The pressure required for this can be determined in tests.

The above-described different possibilities for at least temporarily increasing the internal pressure of the articles or containers can each be used alone and also in combination.

According to one embodiment, the articles can be formed by containers filled and closed with a liquid, the liquid being essentially room temperature or a slightly higher temperature when the container is being filled, which is particularly preferably below 40 degrees Celsius. Preferably the liquid is a non-carbonated beverage, i.e. a non-carbonated beverage or a non-carbon dioxide beverage.

According to an alternative embodiment, when the container is filled, the liquid has a temperature which is higher than room temperature, but is preferably below 50 degrees Celsius, more preferably below 40 ° C and even more preferably below 20 ° C.

The temperature of the liquid is known when it is filled. The internal pressure to be generated in the containers is preferably adapted to the known temperature of the liquid, for example by varying the amount of gas introduced, varying the pressure in the capping pressure chamber, varying the pressure of the pressure elements and / or varying the temperature or the transit time of the container of or through the heating module (s) between the closer and the packaging module.

In order to compensate for the volume shrinkage when the liquid cools, an overpressure is generated within the container, which must be higher, the higher the temperature of the liquid filled in. Alternatively, it can be provided that the temperature of the liquid is determined by sensors before the internal pressure is applied to the container and that the internal pressure to be applied is adapted to the determined temperature of the liquid.

Furthermore, it can be provided that, during or after the application and setting of the packaging blank, it is determined whether at least one article or container of the compilation has been deformed. If a deformation is detected, then it is provided that at least one process parameter (for example a radiator output of an oven during preform heating in a stretch blow molding machine, an amount of gas introduced, a pressure in the closer pressure chamber ...) is changed during the manufacture of the packaging units and sent to the detected deformation is adjusted.

According to this embodiment, a corresponding packaging device comprises at least one sensor for detecting deformations of the articles or containers during and / or following the application and / or fixing of the first secondary packaging means to the at least two articles or containers.

Additionally or alternatively, at least one sensor for monitoring the application and / or fixing the first secondary packaging means embodied as a packaging blank can be provided on the at least two articles or containers.

The packaging device can furthermore comprise a control device which is coupled to the at least one sensor. Machine components of the packaging device are controlled and / or regulated by the control device. It can preferably be provided that the control device activates and / or controls the machine components of the packaging device on the basis of the data determined by sensors. The packaging device can also be assigned a removal device which removes packaging units identified as defective from the product flow so that the defective packaging units are not processed further.

For example, a first sensor can be designed to detect deformed articles or containers within an assembly combined with a packaging blank. The sensor can be, for example, a camera with corresponding image recognition. Furthermore, a second sensor can be designed for monitoring the application and / or fixing the packaging blank in order to detect defective packaging units which, for example, have an incorrectly applied or defective, for example torn, packaging blank.

If a deformation of at least one article or a container or a defective or incorrectly arranged packaging blank is detected, a corresponding signal is forwarded to a control device, which then activates the removal device or other correction mechanisms, for example.

The correction mechanisms can provide, for example, that at least one process parameter is changed within the overall production system and adapted to the detected deformation and / or incorrect definition of the packaging blank. For example, upon detection of a faulty or deviating arrangement of the packaging blank on the articles or containers, the downward application force with which the packaging blank is attached to the articles or containers can be adjusted and / or regulated. In particular, the application force is reduced if the packaging blank is arranged too far down on the article or container because it has been pressed too hard on the assembly. If, on the other hand, the packaging blank is too high up on the articles or containers of the compilation, and in particular not below the neck ring of containers designed as bottles, the application force is increased accordingly. In the latter case, the internal pressure can also be increased at the same time.

According to one embodiment it can be provided that the degree of deformation of at least one article or container and / or the position of the deformation of at least one article or container is determined, in particular evaluated accordingly by the control device and taken into account when adapting the method parameters.

For example, according to one embodiment it can be provided that when a deformation is detected, the internal pressure to be applied to subsequently produced bottles is increased. This is brought about, for example, in that, during subsequent filling and closing processes, the amount of compressed inert gas to be added is adapted to a degree of deformation and / or a position of the detected deformation. In particular, when a deformation is detected, the amount of compressed inert gas to be added is increased, for example by increasing a pump output for the compressed inert gas or by enlarging a pouring opening for the inert gas.

According to a preferred embodiment, the articles are formed by plastic containers filled and closed with a liquid, the plastic containers being produced from preforms within the packaging device by stretch blow molding. When a deformation of the plastic containers is detected during or after the application of the packaging blank, the control device adjusts or changes at least one process parameter during the production and / or subsequent handling of plastic containers to be produced in a subsequent process step. For example, the oven for heating the preforms before the stretch blow molding is regulated by changing and / or adapting at least one temperature at which the preforms are heated at least in regions before the stretch blow molding. Furthermore, at least one temperature of a blow mold of a stretch blow molding module used for stretch blow molding can be changed and / or adapted at least in certain areas.

Another possibility of regulating the stretch blow-molding module is that at least one speed is changed and / or adapted when a stretching rod is introduced into the blow mold and / or that a coolant (e.g. air) is fed to the bottom of the blow mold via the stretching rod directly after the stretch blow molding process Plastic container is supplied. Additionally or alternatively, when the plastic containers are transferred from the stretch blow molding module to the filling module, at least some areas of the plastic containers can be cooled, in particular by slowing down the feeding of the plastic containers to the filling module or by feeding them a coolant from below to the bottom area of the plastic container. In this case, cooling can take place by means of cooling air, cooling water or the like. It can also be provided that preforms of thicker material are fed to the stretch blow molding module for subsequent method steps and / or that plastic containers of thicker material are fed to the filling module for subsequent method steps.

According to a preferred embodiment, the articles are formed by plastic containers filled and closed with a liquid, the plastic containers being produced within the packaging device by injection molding processes. When a deformation of the plastic containers is detected during or after the application of the packaging blank, the control device adjusts or changes at least one process parameter during the production and / or subsequent handling of plastic containers to be produced in a subsequent process step. For example, the supply of the injection molding material into the injection mold is regulated in such a way that the wall thickness distribution of the plastic containers produced is changed; in particular, the corresponding areas that correspond to the areas in which the deformation was detected are made stronger in subsequently produced plastic containers.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that when a deformation is detected, the internal pressure to be applied to subsequently produced containers is increased by lowering a temperature of the liquid to be filled into the container in subsequent process steps compared to room temperature. Before the packaging blank is applied, the temperature of the liquid in the container is adjusted to room temperature. This increases the volume of the filled liquid and thus the internal pressure in the containers.

Alternatively or additionally, the filled containers, which form the following packaging units, can be heated more intensely in the heating or temperature control module after filling and closing and before the application of the packaging blank in order to have a higher internal imprint than the container at the time of application of the packaging blank which the corresponding deformation was found. In the case of cans that are pasteurized, a final temperature of the pasteurizer can be adjusted (increased) in that the cans are no longer cooled down so much.

In the case of an internal pressure module with pressure elements assigned directly to the packaging module, the lateral pressure exerted by the pressure elements can be correspondingly reduced when a deformation of the container is detected.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that at least at the time of application and determination of the packaging blank inside the article or container at a room temperature of approximately 20 degrees Celsius and an ambient pressure of 1013 mbar, an internal pressure between 1020 mbar and 3000 mbar is formed, in particular an internal pressure, which is between 1030 mbar and 1500 mbar, particularly preferably an internal pressure that is between 1040 mbar and 1100 mbar. For other ambient conditions, the values must be converted accordingly.

The present method can also be used in the hot filling and / or pasteurization of beverages. In order to counteract the increased volume shrinkage when the filled container cools, so that there is still an increased internal pressure after cooling, the respective internal pressure module must be designed accordingly to generate a significantly higher overpressure in the container, in particular by pre-empting a larger amount of inert gas, for example is filled after closing. Additionally or alternatively, the production speed within the system can be reduced or production can be stopped briefly in order to allow at least partial cooling of the liquid before the container is closed.

According to a further embodiment, a packaging blank can be used which can be designed in a flat storage state or in a three-dimensional sales state. The state of sale differs from the state of storage in that the flat state of storage covers a first cross-sectional area that is larger than a second cross-sectional area that is covered by the packaging blank in the state of sale. When using such a deformable packaging blank, it can be provided according to a first embodiment that the packaging blank is first transferred from the storage state to the sales state, which is applied to a corresponding combination of containers or articles.

The containers or articles are preferably additionally combined by at least one second secondary packaging means which is attached to the containers or articles before the packaging blank is applied. Alternatively, the at least one second secondary packaging means can also be attached to the containers or articles in a temporal context or after the application of the packaging blank. According to an alternative embodiment, the packaging blank can also be used in Storage condition can be applied to a compilation of appropriately arranged, in particular at least partially spaced apart containers or articles. In this case, at least one second secondary packaging means is subsequently attached to the containers or articles, the articles or containers being attached to the containers or articles prior to the application of the at least one second secondary packaging means or in a temporal context with the application and / or fixing of the at least one second secondary packaging means are moved closer to each other, whereby the packaging blank is transferred from the storage state to the sale state.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that when the packaging blank is reshaped from the storage state to the sales state, a handle is formed which makes it possible to simply hold and / or carry the at least two articles combined with the packaging blank and subsequently with a second secondary packaging means to form packaging units. For example, the packaging blank has corresponding incisions which, in connection with appropriately positioned creases, cause the carrying handle to be formed when the packaging blank is folded out. In particular, when the packaging blank is reshaped, at least partial areas of the same are bent or curved upwards or downwards, as a result of which the three-dimensional shape and / or the handle is created. When the handle is pulled, for example when the packaging unit is lifted over the handle, the packaging blank in the sales state is bent or arched even more, bringing the articles even closer together, which further increases the stability of the packaging unit.

It should be expressly mentioned at this point that all aspects and design variants that have been explained in connection with the device according to the invention relate to or can be partial aspects of the method according to the invention in the same way. If, therefore, at one point in the description or in the definition of claims for the device according to the invention, certain aspects and / or interrelationships and / or effects are mentioned, this applies equally to the method according to the invention. Conversely, the same applies, so that all aspects and design variants that have been explained in connection with the method according to the invention relate to or can be partial aspects of the device according to the invention in the same way. If, therefore, at one point in the description or in the definition of claims for the method according to the invention, certain aspects and / or interrelationships and / or effects are mentioned, this applies equally to the device according to the invention.

Figure list

• 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Verpackungseinheit mit einem Verpackungszuschnitt gemäß 1.
• 2 und 3 zeigen eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 5 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Verpackungseinheit mit einem Verpackungszuschnitt gemäß 3 und 4.
• 6 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 7 zeigt einen ungeeigneten Artikel.
• 8 zeigt einen geeigneten Artikel.
• 9 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines Verpackungsmoduls zum Aufbringen eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 10 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Verpackungsmoduls zum Aufbringen eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 11 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung mit einem Verpackungsmodul zum Aufbringen eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 12 bis 14 zeigen unterschiedliche Anlagenkonfigurationen von Verpackungsvorrichtungen zum Aufbringen eines Verpackungszuschnitts.
• 15 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten gemäß 5 von oben.
• 16 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer in der Verpackungsvorrichtung gemäß 15 verwendeten Umformeinrichtung.
• 17 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten gemäß 5 von oben.
• 18 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten gemäß 5.
• 19 zeigt eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Verpackungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten gemäß 5.
• 20A bis 20D zeigen die Verfahrensschritte bei der Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten gemäß 5 mit einer Verpackungsvorrichtung gemäß 18 oder 19.

In the following, exemplary embodiments are intended to explain the invention and its advantages in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. The proportions of the individual elements to one another in the figures do not always correspond to the real proportions, since some forms are simplified and other forms are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for better illustration.

• 1 shows a first embodiment of a packaging blank.
• 2 shows an embodiment of a packaging unit with a packaging blank according to FIG 1 .
• 2 and 3 show a second embodiment of a packaging blank.
• 5 shows an embodiment of a packaging unit with a packaging blank according to FIG 3 and 4th .
• 6th shows a first embodiment of a packaging device for applying a packaging blank.
• 7th indicates an unsuitable article.
• 8th shows a suitable article.
• 9 shows a first embodiment of a packaging module for applying a packaging blank.
• 10 shows a second embodiment of a packaging module for applying a packaging blank.
• 11 shows a further embodiment of a packaging device with a packaging module for applying a packaging blank.
• 12th to 14th show different system configurations of packaging devices for applying a packaging blank.
• 15th shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a packaging device for producing packaging units according to FIG 5 from above.
• 16 FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of one in the packaging device according to FIG 15th used forming device.
• 17th shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a packaging device for producing packaging units according to FIG 5 from above.
• 18th shows a third embodiment of a packaging device for producing packaging units according to 5 .
• 19th shows a fourth embodiment of a packaging device for producing packaging units according to 5 .
• 20A to 20D show the method steps in the production of packaging units according to FIG 5 with a packaging device according to 18th or 19th .

Identical reference symbols are used for identical or identically acting elements of the invention. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures which are necessary for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments merely represent examples of how the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention can be designed and do not represent a final limitation.

The schematic view of the 1 shows a first embodiment of a first secondary packaging means 20th in the form of a packaging blank 21 which is suitable an article group 29 according to 2 summarize. The article group 29 is formed in the present example from three containers arranged in two parallel rows. In particular shows 2 an embodiment of a packaging unit 35 , at the article 30th with a packaging blank 21 according to 1 be summarized.

The article group 29 is made from beverage containers, preferably bottles 31 or cans, in the present case there is one by means of the packaging blank shown 21 Article group to be summarized 29 from a total of six bottles 31 . Preferably the bottles are 31 formed from a thin-walled, at least partially or partially elastically deformable thin-walled plastic material, in particular PET or another suitable material. They are preferably bottles 31 made of plastic, which are at least partially thin-walled and have a petaloid-shaped bottom area.

Preferably bottles 31 used, which have an average wall thickness between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, particularly preferably a wall thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, particularly preferred a wall thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm. In particular, areas in which a deformation of the bottles 31 less leads to a buckling, for example because the areas through additionally on the bottles 31 If the labels are stabilized or similar, the bottles can 31 be particularly thin-walled. The wall thickness in these areas is preferably only so thick that when a packaging blank is applied 21 no permanent deformation of the bottles 31 takes place.

The articles 30th can alternatively consist of aluminum cans or be made from cardboard packaging, in particular from a cardboard-plastic composite material. In particular, it concerns the articles 30th around appropriately designed containers that are filled with a liquid, in particular a drink. The article group 29 may alternatively comprise a plurality of cans or other (beverage) containers.

With the packaging cut 21 it is preferably an essentially flat cardboard blank 22nd that has a number of passage openings 23 having. The number of openings 23 preferably corresponds to the number of bottles 31 within the article group 29 and the arrangement of the passage openings 23 corresponds to the arrangement of the bottles 31 within the article group 29 . In particular, the passage openings 23 designed such that the packaging blank 21 from above onto the bottles 31 applied, in particular pressed on, can be. The one with a packaging blank 21 grouped bottles 31 are hereinafter also referred to as a packaging unit 35 or container 36 designated.

In particular, there is after the application of the packaging blank 21 on the article group 29 a first section of the bottles 31 above the packaging blank 21 , while a second section of the bottles 31 below the packaging blank 21 extends. In particular, it is provided that the packaging blank 21 in this position through the bottles 31 is held and vice versa.

Assign the bottles 4th for example a screw cap 32 on, so it is provided that the packaging blank 21 after being applied to the group of articles below the so-called neck ring 33 the closure area of the bottles 31 is located. That is to say, the first sub-area comprises the screw cap 32 and the neck ring 33 the bottle 31 . The passage openings 23 are preferably by means of suitable tabs in such a way with the underside of the respective neck ring 33 engaged that the packaging blank 21 firmly on the bottles 31 of the article group is fixed and cannot slip upwards.

The packaging cut 21 can furthermore have at least one essentially centrally arranged and / or designed holding or carrying element 27 exhibit. In the present embodiment are two holding or carrying elements 27 intended. This can be, for example, further suitable breakthroughs or openings in the packaging blank 21 act through which the user stick his fingers and thus those with the packaging blank 21 grouped bottles 31 can lift and carry together.

The 3 and 4th show a second embodiment of a first secondary packaging means 20th in the form of a packaging blank 21 and 5 shows an embodiment of a packaging unit 35 with a packaging blank 21 according to 3 and 4th . In particular shows 3 a packaging blank 21 in a storage condition LZ and 4th shows the packaging cut 21 in a sale state VZ in a top view while 5 a packaging unit 35 shows in side view.

With the first secondary packaging means 20th it is a packaging cut 21 , preferably one in storage condition LZ essentially flat cardboard blank 22nd . This has a number of passage openings 23 on. The number of openings 23 corresponds to the number of articles 30th that with the first secondary packaging means 20th are summarized and the arrangement of the passage openings 23 corresponds to the arrangement of the articles 30th within the respective article group. In particular, the passage openings 23 designed such that the packaging blank 21 from the top of the article 30th can be applied, in particular pressed on. One packaging unit 35 from two articles 30th , a first secondary packaging means 20th in the form of a packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ and a second secondary packaging means 40 in the form of a strip-shaped strapping 41 is particularly in 5 shown.

It is preferably the articles 30th around beverage containers in the form of bottles 31 or cans. These have a widened area in the upper area, where the packaging blank 21 is determined. Is it with the articles 30th for example around bottles 31 made of PET or another suitable plastic material with a screw cap 32 so indicates the bottle 31 a widening below the screw cap 32 in the form of the so-called neck ring 33 on (compare 5 ). In particular, it is provided that the packaging blank 21 after being applied to the collection of bottles 31 below the so-called neck ring 33 the closure area of the bottles 31 is fixed. This means that after the packaging blank has been applied 21 on the bottles 31 part of the bottles 31 above the packaging blank 21 while the remaining area of the bottles 31 below the packaging blank 21 extends. In particular, it is provided that the packaging blank 21 in this position through the bottles 31 is fixed and vice versa.

The passage openings 23 are preferably by means of suitable tabs in such a way with the underside of the respective neck ring 33 engaged that the packaging blank 21 firmly on the bottles 31 is fixed and cannot slip upwards. It can also be provided that the bottles 31 furthermore with a second secondary packaging means within the compilation 40 are summarized. For example, the bottles 31 with a strip-shaped strapping 41 , a band or by means of suitable adhesive connections (not shown) between the bottles 31 be fixed to each other. This has the particular advantage that the bottles 31 Can not move against each other within the composition and are therefore fixed in their position relative to each other. The one with a first secondary packaging means 20th in the state of sale VZ and additionally with a second secondary packaging means 40 summarized article 30th are hereinafter also referred to as a packaging unit 35 or container 36 designated.

During the packaging cut 21 in storage condition LZ is essentially flat, the packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ an at least regionally three-dimensional shape. For example, the packaging blank 21 prepared folds 24 on, so that through the packaging blank 21 by pushing together from the side in a simple manner from the flat storage condition LZ in the three-dimensional sale state VZ can be transferred. As a result of the pushing together, one side of the packaging blank is shortened, in particular when it is in storage LZ a first length L1 and when sold VZ a second length L2, the second length L2 being less than the first length L1, that is to say L1> L2. This results in the packaging blank 21 in storage condition LZ a first cross-sectional area F1 covers, which is larger than a second cross-sectional area F2, which is through the packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ is covered, that is, F1> F2 applies.

Furthermore, the packaging blank 21 at least when sold VZ a holding or carrying element 25th have so that with the packaging blank 21 summarized article 30th easy to hold and carry. According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the holding or carrying element 25th when transferring the packaging blank 21 from the storage condition LZ in the state of sale VZ trains. For example, there are corresponding cuts 26th on the packaging cut 21 provided in connection with appropriately positioned creases 24 the formation of the holding or carrying element 25th when forming the packaging blank 21 by folding it out.

The 6th shows a first embodiment of a packaging device 1 for applying a packaging blank 21 on a compilation of articles, in particular on at least two bottles 31 for the production of packaging units 35 comprising at least two containers surrounded by at least one first secondary packaging means 20th in the form of a packaging blank 21 , for example a packaging blank 21 according to 1 , can be summarized.

The bottles 31 are in a dividing module 2 in the desired number for article groups 29 compiled and in the transport direction TR via a suitable first transport device 3 , for example a first endless conveyor belt 4th , a mat chain conveyor, a roller chain or similar, an internal pressure module 5 fed. The internal pressure module 5 is for at least temporarily increasing an internal pressure I. of the bottles 31 the article group 29 educated. In particular, it is provided that the internal pressure I. inside the bottles 31 is increased at least temporarily, so that the internal pressure of the bottles 31 at least at the time of application and definition of the packaging cut 21 on the bottles 31 above atmospheric pressure, ie $$\text{I.}>1\text{atm or I.}>1013.25\text{mbar}.$$

The article group 29 with those with a corresponding internal pressure I. loaded bottles 31 becomes a packaging module 6th supplied, in which a suitable packaging blank 21 with an at least partially downward force on those with internal pressure I. loaded bottles 31 the article group 29 pressed on and a packaging unit 35 is trained. In particular, the packaging cut 21 like that on the bottles 31 applied and that the bottles 31 in each case by a passage opening in each area 23 of the packaging cut 21 pass through, so that the packaging blank 21 partly between the bottles 31 is arranged and fixed.

The method and the packaging device 1 can also be used to make unstable containers, for example particularly thin-walled bottles 31 , with a packaging blank 21 can be combined without the risk that when the packaging blank is pressed on 21 on the article group 29 one or more of the articles 30th damaged, for example crushed, kinked or the like.

The 7th shows an article unsuitable for the method described above 30u and 8th shows a suitable article 30g . This is one with a non-carbonated drink 42 filled bottle 31 which according to 7th an unsuitable internal pressure at room temperature I (u) of approximately one atmosphere, ie an unsuitable internal pressure I (u) of approximately 1013 mbar. In particular, it is provided that the article 30th at least when applying the packaging blank 21 a suitable internal pressure I (g) of more than one atmosphere, especially a suitable internal pressure I (g) of more than 1050 mbar.

The 9 shows a first embodiment of a packaging module 6th for applying a packaging blank 21 . The packaging cut 21 is by means of an application head 7th with an application force F. from above onto the bottles 31 pushed open and below the neck ring 33 to which the article group 29 forming bottles 31 set. The application force F. must be strong enough to hold the screw cap 32 and the neck ring 33 of the bottles 31 each through the associated passage opening 23 of the packaging cut 21 to push through. Is it the bottles 31 For example, due to a small wall thickness around relatively unstable containers, there is a risk that the bottles 31 due to the downward application force F. be deformed. In this case, faulty packaging units are created 35 with damaged bottles 31 , in addition, the packaging cut 21 not secure and tight to bottles 31 the article group 29 set.

In particular, the passage openings 23 of the packaging cut 21 a diameter d23 that is at least slightly less than a diameter d33 of the bottles 31 in the area of the neck ring 33 . From the passage openings 23 radial incisions extend out 28 . Between these radial incisions 28 are movable areas or tabs 43 formed when pressing the packaging blank 21 on the bottles 31 Can at least partially bend upwards to allow the neck ring to pass through 33 through the respective passage opening 23 to enable. After determining the packaging layout on the bottles 31 the article group 29 are the tabs 43 especially below the respective neck ring 33 and prevent the packaging blank 21 can be pulled upwards.

The 10 shows a second embodiment of a packaging module 6th for applying a packaging blank 21 . The packaging module 6th includes a tripod 8th , a suitable application head 7th has to the packaging blank 21 on an article group 29 from a defined arrangement and number of strapping 41 grouped bottles 31 to be determined. From a plurality of containers created in this way 36 are in a layering module 9 layers that can be palletized 37 put together and in a palletizing module 10 on a pallet 38 to transport and storage units 39 stacked.

The 11 shows a further embodiment with a packaging module 6th according to 10 for applying a packaging blank 21 . The packaging module 6th includes a tripod 8th , a suitable application head 7th has to the packaging blank 21 on an article group 29 from a defined arrangement and number of correspondingly compiled bottles 31 to be determined. The one with the packaging blank 21 grouped bottles 31 are also in a strapping module 11 with at least one strip-shaped strapping 41 summarized, the thereby formed container 36 additionally stabilized. From a plurality of containers created in this way 36 are in a layering module 9 layers that can be palletized 37 put together and in a palletizing module 10 on a pallet 38 to transport and storage units 39 stacked.

The 12th to 14th show different system configurations of packaging devices 1 for applying a packaging blank 21 according to the method according to the invention.

According to the in 12th In the illustrated embodiment, the articles are formed by bottles that are placed in a stretch blow molding module 13th can be made from PET preforms. Before stretch blow molding, the PET preforms are placed in an oven 12th preheated to a suitable processing temperature. The ones in the stretch blow molding module 13th bottles can be produced in a direct printing module 14th can be printed with desired information or content, the information or content, for example content information, being printed directly on the outer surface of the bottles. The direct print module 14th can be designed, for example, as a rotary machine to which a plurality of print heads are assigned, each print head being equipped, for example, with a different printing color.

The printed bottles can be filled with a suitable drink in a filling module before being filled 16 possibly in a rinser 15th be washed out and / or sterilized. Before closing the bottles in the closing module 17th the bottles are placed in an internal pressure module 5 applied to an internal pressure which, at room temperature, is above atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar. The filled, closed and internally pressurized articles, in particular bottles, are placed in a dividing module 2 compiled into article groups. The article groups are in the packaging module 6th a packaging blank applied, such as in connection with the 9 and 11 is described.

The article groups combined with a packaging blank can also be used in an optionally available strapping module 11 be additionally secured with at least one strapping. The bundles created in this way are then placed in a layer formation module 9 put together to palletizable layers and in a palletizing module 10 Arranged one above the other on a pallet.

With the internal pressure module 5 it is, for example, an addition module 60 for filling or injecting carbon dioxide or an inert gas. In particular, if the bottles have been filled with a non-carbonated beverage, the internal pressure in the bottles corresponds to the ambient pressure at room temperature. This means that the internal pressure in the bottles corresponds to approximately 1013 mbar. By filling the bottle filled with liquid with a compressed inert gas in connection with the closure of the bottle, the internal pressure in the bottle is increased. The inert gas supplied in the liquid state evaporates inside the closed bottle. When the inert gas changes from the liquid to the gaseous state of aggregation, the volume of the inert gas increases, as a result of which the internal pressure within the bottle is generated.

Inert gases are gases that are very inert, i.e. only take part in a few chemical reactions. Inert gases are odorless and non-toxic and for this reason are also suitable for use in the food industry. Inert gases include, for example, elementary gases such as nitrogen, noble gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and gaseous molecular compounds such as sulfur hexafluoride. In the present case, liquid nitrogen or liquid noble gases in particular are used as the inert gas. In particular, the addition module 60 for filling or injecting an inert gas, comprise two or more pouring openings for inert gas. It can be provided here that the amount of inert gas can be regulated by controlling the amount supplied, for example, by how many pouring openings inert gas is supplied through. Individual pouring openings can preferably be closed.

Alternatively, the amount of inert gas to be supplied can be controlled via valves, with an individually controllable valve being assigned in particular to each pouring opening. A different inert gas reservoir can also be assigned to each of the various pouring openings, so that the inert gas used can be changed in a simple manner. One embodiment can provide that at least one pouring opening is designed to be movable and, at least in certain areas, synchronously together with the respective bottle in the direction of the closer module 17th can be carried.

Alternatively, carbon dioxide can also be used to increase the internal pressure. Since this at least partially dissolves in the drink, it then has an at least low content of carbon dioxide.

According to the in 13th The illustrated embodiment, the bottles in a stretch blow molding module 13th out in an oven 12th preheated PET preforms produced. The bottles become a filling module via a transport device 19, which optionally has bottom cooling for the bottom of the bottle 16 fed. Optionally, the bottles can be placed in a rinser before being filled 15th washed and / or sterilized. After being filled with a drink, the bottles are placed in the capping module 17th closed and in this context in an assigned internal pressure module 5 applied with an overpressure. A labeling module is used to apply to the filled, closed and internally pressurized bottles 50 a label is applied, for example a corresponding label is glued to the outer surface of the bottles, or a label in the form of a shrink sleeve is applied to the bottles or the like.

The labeled bottles are put together into article groups in a divider module 18 and in a strapping module 11 summarized by means of at least one strip-shaped strapping. The strapped article groups are in the packaging module 6th In addition, a packaging blank is applied, for example in connection with 10 is described. The article groups combined with at least one strapping and one packaging blank form bundles that are in a layer formation module 9 put together to palletizable layers and in a palletizing module 10 be arranged one above the other on a pallet.

The internal pressure module 5 is in the closer module 17th integrated and includes a pressure room 63 , in which a defined overpressure can be generated. A pressure generating device is used within the pressure space 63 a defined internal pressure is generated. Due to the arrangement of the closing device of the closing module 17th in the pressure room 63 the article can be closed under overpressure.

Alternatively, an internal pressure module in the form of an addition module for filling in an inert gas can be used, as in connection with FIG 12th has been described. Alternatively or in addition, it can be provided that the bottles are in front of the packaging module 6th a temperature control module 39 run through, in particular a heating module in which the bottles are heated at least slightly compared to room temperature before the application of the packaging blank. Due to the warming, the volume of the drink increases. In particular, the temperature control in relation to the wall thickness of the bottles is selected in such a way that the increase in the volume of the beverage is greater than the expansion of the bottles at the respective temperature. Since the wall and the closure of the bottles limit the expansion of the beverage, the internal pressure inside the bottles increases so that the packaging blank is now using the necessary application force F. (compare 9 ) can be applied without fear of deformation of the bottles.

When it is filled into the bottles and when the bottles are closed, the beverage can have a temperature which is higher than room temperature. The temperature of the beverage is particularly preferably below 40 degrees Celsius, in particular in a temperature range between 20 and 39 degrees Celsius. When the filled bottles cool down to room temperature, the volume of the drink is reduced, which would create a vacuum. In particular, the higher the temperature of the beverage when filling and closing the bottles, the greater the negative pressure that occurs at room temperature. This means that the additional internal pressure that is necessary to counteract the volume shrinkage is higher. For this reason, the bottles filled in this way must be subjected to a suitable internal pressure before the packaging blank is applied to the bottles.

One embodiment can provide that the temperature of the beverage is determined by sensors and that this temperature is taken into account when the bottles are subjected to internal pressure. For example, the amount of inert gas to be filled is adapted to the temperature at which the beverage is at the time of filling.

Another embodiment, not shown, can provide that the internal pressure module 5 directly to the packaging module 6th is assigned and in particular comprises pressure elements which laterally compress the bottles forming a bundle when the packaging blank is applied and thereby generate the necessary internal pressure.

According to the in 14th In the illustrated embodiment, the bottles which are filled and have an increased internal pressure at room temperature are appropriately combined as an article group via a bottle transport device 51 the packaging module 6th fed and in the packaging module 6th combined with a suitable packaging blank and subsequently also in a strapping module 11 fixed by means of at least one strapping. A subsequent control module 52 comprises at least one detection means that detects the containers produced in this way and is designed, in particular, to detect faulty containers. Defective containers have, for example, an incorrectly applied or defective, for example torn, packaging blank.

The at least one strapping can also be incorrectly closed or incorrectly arranged on the bottles. Defects in the bottles themselves, for example a deformation of the bottles when the packaging blank is applied, can also be detected. The control module 52 at least one appropriately designed sensor 70 on. The control module 52 can be a removal device 75 be assigned to the container recognized as defective from the packaging device 1 removes. The correctly formed packs are transported via a pack transport device 53 layer formation and palletizing in the layer formation module 9 and palletizing module 10 fed. Pallets comprising a plurality of layers stacked one on top of the other are transported via a pallet transport device 54 to a stretch wrapper 55 transported. By wrapping the pallet with the layers arranged on it, these are appropriately fixed and protected for subsequent transport.

According to one embodiment, the control module 52 at least one first sensor 71 which is designed to recognize whether at least one bottle is deformed within the container. For example, is the first sensor 71 as a camera 72 formed with appropriate image recognition. The control module can also do this 52 at least one second sensor 73 which is designed to recognize containers with an incorrectly designed and / or incorrectly arranged packaging blank. For example, is the second sensor 73 as a camera 74 formed with appropriate image recognition. If a deformation of at least one bottle or a faulty packaging blank is detected, a corresponding signal is sent to a control device 80 the packaging device 1 forwarded. The control device 80 then activates the removal device, for example 75 .

Alternatively, the packaging module 6th at least a third sensor 76 , in particular an image recognition sensor designed to recognize deformed bottles 77 and / or a fourth sensor, in particular a packaging blanks for the detection of incorrectly designed and / or incorrectly arranged packaging blanks. The one from the third sensor 76 Determined data are also used to control process steps analogous to those in connection with the control module 52 described embodiments are used.

Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one process parameter is changed within the overall production system and adapted to the detected deformation of at least one bottle of a container and / or to the incorrect definition of the packaging blank. For example, the downward application force F. with which the packaging cut 21 on the bottles 31 is attached (compare 9 ), reduced or increased.

It can in particular be provided that the degree of deformation of the at least one bottle and / or the position of the deformation on the bottle is determined and by the control device 80 is evaluated accordingly and taken into account when adapting the process parameters.

According to one embodiment, it can be provided that when a deformation is detected, the internal pressure to be applied to subsequently produced bottles is increased. This is brought about, for example, in that, during subsequent filling and closing processes, the amount of compressed inert gas to be added is adapted to a degree of deformation and / or a position of the detected deformation.

If the bottles are plastic containers which are produced from preforms by stretch blow molding within the packaging device, then when a deformation of the plastic container is detected by the control device 80 at least one process parameter in the production and / or subsequent handling of plastic containers to be produced in a subsequent process step can be changed and / or adapted to the determined deformation. For example, the oven 12th to the Heating the preforms (compare 12th and 13th ) regulated by changing and / or adapting at least one temperature at which the preforms are heated, at least in some areas, before the stretch blow molding. Furthermore, at least one temperature of a blow mold of a stretch blow molding module used for stretch blow molding can be used 13th (compare 12th and 13th ) can be changed and / or adapted at least in certain areas.

Another way of regulating the stretch blow molding module 13th consists in that at least one speed is changed and / or adapted when introducing a stretching rod into the blow mold and / or that a coolant is supplied to the bottom of the plastic container via the stretching rod directly after the stretch blow molding process. Additionally or alternatively, when transferring the plastic container from the stretch blow molding module 13th to the filling module 16 an at least regional cooling of the plastic containers take place, in particular by slowing down the feed to the filling module 16 or by supplying a coolant from below to the bottom area of the plastic container. In this case, cooling can take place by means of cooling air, cooling water or the like. It can also be provided that the stretch blow molding module 13th for subsequent process steps, preforms of thicker material are fed and / or that the filling module 16 For subsequent process steps, thicker plastic containers are supplied.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that when a deformation is detected, the internal pressure to be applied to subsequently produced bottles is increased by lowering a temperature of the liquid to be filled into the container in subsequent process steps compared to room temperature. By adjusting the temperature of the liquid to room temperature, the volume of the filled liquid increases and thus the internal pressure in the bottles.

Alternatively or additionally, the filled bottles, which form the following packaging units, can be heated more strongly after filling and closing and before the packaging blank is applied, in order to have a higher internal imprint at the time of application of the packaging blank than the bottles on which the corresponding deformation was detected has been.

Depending on the data determined by the sensors, the winding tension of the stretch winder can also be used 55 be adjusted.

The 15th shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a packaging device 1 for the production of packaging units 35 according to 5 , for which at least two articles 30th by a first secondary packaging means 20th and by at least one second secondary packaging means 40 are summarized. The articles 30th , for example the bottles filled with beverages 31 or cans, are transported via an infeed conveyor 3 fed. In the present embodiment, the articles 30th in single rows in through alley sheets 83 separate alleys 82 fed. The articles 30th are out of the alleys 82 removed and placed in a rotary module 84 each on turntables 85 arranged. Through the turntable 85 can the article 30th be aligned on the basis of certain equipment features. For example, it is desirable in the trade if at least one of the articles 30th marking barcode and / or other information carrier within a packaging unit is directed outwards and is therefore clearly visible. The alignment of the articles 30th can in particular be monitored by sensors and controlled accordingly. On the alignment of the article 30th However, it is not relevant to the present invention, which therefore only represents an optional component of the packaging device 1 represent.

The articles 30th are then a first packaging module 6th for applying and setting the in the form of a flat packaging blank 21 according to 3 and 4th provided first secondary packaging means 20th on the at least two articles 30th fed. The first packaging module 6th is at least one magazine 86 assigned, in the flat packaging blanks 21 in storage condition LZ according to 3 be held up. A first removal tool (not shown) removes at least one packaging blank 21 from the magazine 86 and places it in a forming device 87 on. For example, the removal tool is a vacuum suction device that removes the flat packaging blank 21 in the magazine 86 suction, to the forming device 87 transported and deposited in this by releasing the vacuum. Alternatively, the packaging blank 21 be held by means of a clamp, suitable pneumatics, etc., which is released accordingly. After this or in connection with the time it is put down, the packaging is cut 21 into the forming tool 88 pressed. With the forming tool 88 it is, for example, a so-called folding die 89 . This is where the packaging cut 21 of the flat storage condition LZ with a first side length L1 and a first cross-sectional area F1 into the three-dimensional sales state VZ with a smaller second side length L2 and a smaller second cross-sectional area F2.

The in the state of sale VZ transferred packaging blank 21 is now for example by a second removal tool (not shown) from the folding die 89 taken and from above on a compilation of articles 30th pressed on and thereby fixed to this. The second removal tool thus simultaneously takes on the function of an application device. The articles 30th are within the composition according to the arrangement of the passage openings 23 des in the state of sale VZ the packaging blank 21 arranged. The second removal tool has in particular devices that ensure that the packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ remains.

The one with the one in the state of sale VZ located packaging blank 21 summarized article 30th are now on a conveyor belt 90 a second packaging module 91 supplied, in the at least one second secondary packaging means in addition to the articles 30th is applied and set. During transport to the second packaging module 91 must ensure that the arrangement of the article 30th is retained. In particular, suitable facilities are provided to ensure that the relative arrangement of the articles 30th to each other does not change, because then the packaging blank 21 on the packaging condition VZ back to storage condition LZ or would pass into another intermediate state.

With the second packaging module 91 it can be a strapping module, for example 11 act in which at least one strapping on the compilation of articles 30th is attached. In particular, at least one band-like or strip-like, closed strapping is stretched horizontally around an outside of the article. One on the outside of the item 30th adjacent inside of the strapping can, if necessary, at a contact point with at least one of the articles 30th be firmly fixed. Thus, the strapping can be fixed at the contact point in particular by means of a material connection in the form of at least one welded connection.

Alternatively, it can be the case with the second packaging module 91 for example, it can also be an adhesive module in which the articles 30th be fixed to one another by means of an adhesive connection, for example via suitably placed adhesive points at contact points between two articles 30th . Another alternative embodiment can provide that with a packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ summarized article 30th be arranged on a so-called tray or wrapped with a shrink film, the shrink film on the with a packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ summarized article 30th is shrunk.

By applying the second secondary packaging means, in particular, the relative arrangement of the articles 30th to each other in the packaging unit thus produced 35 (compare 5 ) mandatory. In the packaging unit created in this way 35 is also the state of sale VZ of the packaging cut 21 mandatory.

The 16 Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of one in the packaging device 1 according to 15th used forming device 87 with forming tool 88 . In particular, the forming tool 88 through a folding die 89 made of a beige-softened material. The folding die 89 can be used to transform one into the folding die 89 inserted packaging blank can be transferred from a first working state to a second working state. In particular, the folding die limits 89 in the first working state, a first cross-sectional area, that of the first cross-sectional area F1 of the packaging blank 21 in storage condition LZ according to 3 corresponds to.

In the second working state, the folding die limits 89 on the other hand, a second cross-sectional area, that of the second cross-sectional area F2 of the packaging blank 21 in the state of sale VZ according to 4th corresponds to. When transferring the folding die 89 from the first to the second working state, a deformation takes place within the folding die 89 arranged packaging blank 21 from the flat storage condition LZ in the three-dimensional sale state VZ instead of.

Around the folding die 89 to transfer from the first working state to the second working state and vice versa, for example, lateral infeed elements 92 be provided.

The 17th shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a packaging device 1 for the production of packaging units 35 according to 5 from above. In contrast to the embodiment according to 15th it is provided here that a second packaging module 91 in a production direction indicated by arrows in front of the first packaging module 6th is arranged. In particular, it is provided here that the article 30th first with a second secondary packaging means 40 , for example strapping 41 can be summarized and thus determined in their relative arrangement. This arrangement of articles 30th and second secondary packaging means 40 is hereinafter referred to as a pre-container 93 designated. Alternatively, adhesive connections or the arrangement of the articles can also be used in this case on a tray as a second secondary packaging material 40 Find use.

Especially when using strapping 41 or they can be arranged on a tray 30th still within the pre-container 93 are rotated against each other in order to adapt their alignment according to certain equipment features. When arranging the articles 30th on a tray instead of turntables 85 other suitable rotating devices are used, for example the articles 30th grab from above.

The pre-container 93 are via a transport device 94 either a rotary module 84 or directly to the first packaging module 6th fed. In the first packaging module 6th will be in storage condition LZ provided packaging blanks 21 in related to 15th as described in the three-dimensional packaging state VZ transferred and this is from above on the article 30th the pre-container 93 forming a packaging unit 35 / of a container 36 pressed on.

The 18th shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a packaging device 1 for the production of packaging units according to 5 . The articles and the secondary packaging are not shown here; instead, only the arrangement of the device components is shown. The articles are in a dividing module 2 put together in the desired number and arrangement, the arrangement and spacing of the articles corresponding to a first secondary packaging means to be applied subsequently 20th in storage condition LZ (compare 3 ) he follows.

The article compilations are delivered via a feed device, in particular a first transport device 3 in the form of an endless conveyor belt 4th , a mat chain conveyor, an aisle inlet or the like, a first packaging module 6th fed. In the first packaging module 6th becomes the first secondary packaging, which is in the form of a flat packaging blank 21 in storage condition LZ (compare 3 ) is provided at the compilation of the articles, applied to the articles.

Subsequently, the articles loaded with the packaging blank in the storage state are used as a strapping module 11 trained second packaging module 91 additionally combined with at least one strapping, the articles being moved relative to one another and, in particular, being moved together during the strapping process. This will cut the packaging 21 from the stock condition LZ in the state of sale VZ (compare 3 and 4th such as 5 ) and determined in this arrangement, since the strapping determines the relative arrangement of the articles and thus also the condition of the packaging blank 21 defines.

The 19th shows a fourth embodiment of a packaging device 1 for the production of packaging units 35 according to 5 . The articles and the secondary packaging are not shown here; instead, only the arrangement of the device components is shown.

The articles are in a dividing module 2 put together and in the first packaging module 6th a flat packaging blank is applied to the composition of the articles in the storage condition (cf. 3 ). In a subsequent spacing module 95 the articles combined with the packaging blank are brought closer to one another via suitable devices, the packaging blank transitioning from the flat storage state to the three-dimensional sales state.

Here, for example, a shuttle system is used in which the individual articles of the compilation are each arranged on individually controllable linear transport units. Then in a second packaging module 91 a second secondary packaging means is applied to the articles to which the packaging blank is applied in the sales state, and the arrangement of the articles and the state of the packaging blank are defined in a defined manner.

With the second packaging module 91 it is, for example, a strapping module 11 , in which at least one strapping is additionally attached to the articles; a shrink module in which a shrink film is shrunk around the articles combined with a packaging blank in the sales state, an insertion module in which the articles combined with a packaging blank in the sales state are inserted into a tray or an adhesive module in which adhesive connections are formed between the articles.

The 20A to 20D show the process steps in the production of packaging units 35 according to 5 with a packaging device 1 according to 18th or 19th . Six bottles 31 are in two parallel rows of three bottles each 31 compiled in a suitable arrangement and spacing. Between the adjacent bottles 31 is a first distance A1 formed, creating a first mean distance mA1 between the longitudinal axes L. of the neighboring bottles 31 consists of the first middle distance mA1 between the passage openings 23 each as the first secondary packaging means 20th used packaging blank 21 in storage condition LZ corresponds to (compare 3 ).

In a first process step VI is based on the compilation of bottles 31 a first secondary packaging means 20th on the bottles 31 applied and set. A suitable packaging blank is preferred 21 in storage condition LZ Pressed on from above in the manner described above and below the neck ring 33 of the bottles fixed ( 20B) .

Then in a second process step V-II the bottles 31 moved together so that between the bottles 31 there is no longer a gap and the outer surfaces of adjacent bottles 31 contact each other in areas. Alternatively, there is a second, smaller distance between the bottles 31 educated. This is where the packaging cut 21 from the storage condition LZ in the state of sale VZ convicted ( 20C ).

In particular, the packaging cut 21 of the two-dimensional, flat storage condition LZ in the three-dimensional sale state VZ convicted. Between adjacent openings 23 of the packaging cut 21 and between the longitudinal axes L. from neighboring bottles 31 becomes a second middle distance mA2 trained (compare 4th ), which is less than the first mean distance A1 between adjacent passage openings 23 of the packaging cut 21 in storage condition LZ . In a third process step V-III becomes a second secondary packaging means 40 , especially a strip-shaped strapping 41 , on the bottles 31 applied and set ( 20D ).

One embodiment of the method can provide that the second method step V-II and the third step V-III essentially coincide in time. In particular, the bottles 31 when applying the strapping 41 moved together by applying the necessary tension, so that the packaging blank 21 in temporal connection with the application of the strapping 41 from the stock condition LZ in the state of sale VZ is reshaped.

In the 15th and 17th to 20th described embodiments can be provided that the articles are subjected to an internal pressure in the temporal connection with the filling and closing, in particular that an overpressure is formed in the bottles by adding an inert gas or the like before the containers or bottles are filled.

Alternatively - as in 18th shown as an example - in front of the packaging module 6th (ie upstream in the conveying direction) or an internal pressure module assigned directly to it 5 in the form of a temperature control module 61 be provided in which the articles are heated at least slightly above room temperature before the application of the packaging blank, the internal pressure in the bottles increasing due to the increase in volume of the liquid in the bottles.

In 19th is also schematically an internal pressure module 5 shown that directly to the first packaging module 6th is assigned and in particular printing elements 62 which laterally compress the bottles forming a bundle when the packaging blank is applied and thereby generate the necessary internal pressure.

The embodiments, examples and variants of the preceding paragraphs, the claims or the following description and the figures, including their different views or respective individual features, can be used independently of one another or in any combination. Features that are described in connection with an embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, provided that the features are not incompatible.

Even if “schematic” representations and views are generally spoken of in connection with the figures, this in no way means that the representations of the figures and their description should be of subordinate importance with regard to the disclosure of the invention. The person skilled in the art is in a position to derive enough information from the schematically and abstractly drawn representations that facilitate his understanding of the invention without having to rely on the drawn and possibly not exactly to scale proportions of the articles, in particular bottles, and / or parts of the device or other drawn elements would be impaired in its understanding in any way. The figures enable the person skilled in the art as a reader to derive a better understanding of the inventive ideas formulated in the claims and in the general part of the description of general and / or more abstractly formulated ideas on the basis of the more specifically explained implementations of the method according to the invention and the more specifically explained functionality of the device according to the invention.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it is conceivable for a person skilled in the art that modifications or changes of the invention can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the following claims.

List of reference symbols

1

Packaging device

2

Divider module

3

first transport device

4th

first endless conveyor belt

5

Internal pressure module

6th

Packaging module

7th

Application head

8th

Tripod

9

Layer formation module

10

Palletizing module

11

Strapping module

12th

Oven for heating preforms

13th

Stretch blow molding module

14th

Direct print module

15th

Rinser (optional)

16

Filling module

17th

Closer module

20th

first secondary packaging material

21

Packaging cut

22nd

Cardboard cutting

23

Passage opening

24

Creases

25th

Holding or carrying element

26th

incision

27

Holding or carrying element

28

radial incision

29

Article group

30th

items

30g

suitable article

30u

unsuitable article

31

bottle

32

Screw cap

33

Neck ring

35

Packaging Unit

36

Container

37

palletable position

38

palette

39

Transport and storage unit

40

second secondary packaging means

41

strip-shaped strapping ^

42

non-carbonated drink

43

Tab

50

Labeling module

51

Bottle transport device

52

Control module

53

Container transport device

54

Pallet transport device

55

Stretch wrapper

60

Addition module for filling an inert gas

61

Temperature control module

62

Printing elements

63

Printing room

70

sensor

71

first sensor

72

Camera / image recognition sensor

73

second sensor

74

Camera / image recognition sensor

75

Extraction device

76

third sensor

77

Camera / image recognition sensor

78

fourth sensor

79

Camera / image recognition sensor

80

Control device

82

alley

83

Alley sheet

84

Rotary module

85

Turntable

86

magazine

87

Forming device

88

Forming tool

89

Folding die

90

Conveyor belt

91

second packaging module

92

lateral feed element

93

Pre-container

94

Transport device

95

Spacing module

A1

first distance

d23

Diameter of a passage opening

d33

Diameter of a bottle in the area of the neck ring

F.

Application force

I.

Internal pressure

I (g)

suitable internal pressure

I (u)

unsuitable internal pressure

L.

Longitudinal axis

LZ

Storage condition

mA1

first mean distance

mA2

second middle distance

V-I

first procedural step

V-II

second procedural step

V-III

third process step

VZ

State of sale

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 1075419 B1 [0005]
• DE 2206071 C2 [0007]
• DE 2531325 A1 [0008]
• DE 102006028661 A1 [0009]
• DE 202012103324 U1 [0010]
• DE 1457489 A [0011]
• US 5775486 A [0011]

Claims (18)

Process for the production of packaging units (35), the packaging units (35) comprising at least two articles (30) or containers (31), the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) being combined by at least one first secondary packaging means (20) in the form of a packaging blank (21), wherein the packaging blank (21) has at least two passage openings (23) for the articles (30) or containers (31), • wherein the packaging blank (21) is applied to the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) and fixed by the packaging blank (21) on an assembly (29) of at least two articles (30) or containers (31) of is applied at the top, so that the articles (30) or containers (31) in each case pass through a passage opening (23) in each case, so that the packaging blank (21) in the applied state and fixed to the articles (30) or containers (31) is at least partially arranged and fixed between the articles (30) or containers (31), • the articles (30) or containers (31) being subjected to an internal pressure (I) before application of the packaging blank (21), so that the internal pressure (I) of the article (30) or container (31) at least at the time of application and definition of the packaging blank (21) is above atmospheric pressure, and • wherein the articles (30) or containers (31) essentially consist or are made of a thin-walled material that is elastic at room temperature. Procedure according to Claim 1 , the articles (30) being formed by containers (31) which are filled with a liquid, in particular the containers (31) being formed by thin-walled plastic bottles with a petaloid-shaped bottom area, with a compressed Inert gas is filled into the container (31) filled with liquid, in particular with liquid nitrogen or a liquid noble gas being added before the container (31) is closed. Procedure according to Claim 2 , wherein the internal pressure (I) of the container (31) during the application and fixing of the packaging blank (21) is at room temperature above atmospheric pressure. Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , the articles (30) being formed by containers (31) filled with a liquid and closed, the containers (31) being heated at least slightly to room temperature immediately before the packaging blank (21) is applied. Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , the articles (30) being formed by containers (31) filled with a liquid and closed, the liquid being essentially room temperature or a slightly higher temperature when the container (31) is being filled, in particular the liquid being at a temperature when the container (31) is being filled. 31) has a temperature below 40 ° C., in particular where the liquid is a non-carbonized liquid, in particular a non-carbonized beverage. Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , the articles (30) being formed by containers (31) filled with a liquid and closed, the liquid having a temperature when filling the container (31) which is higher than room temperature, the temperature preferably below 40 ° C, the temperature of the liquid is determined by sensors before the container (31) is subjected to the internal pressure (I) and the internal pressure (I) to be applied is adapted to the determined temperature of the liquid. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during or after the application and setting of the packaging blank (21) it is determined whether at least one article (30) or container (31) is deformed, with at least one method parameter being changed when a deformation is detected and is adapted to the detected deformation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during or after the application and fixing of the packaging blank (21) it is determined whether the packaging blank (21) is fixed in a correct arrangement on the articles (30) or containers (31) and wherein if a deviating arrangement is detected, a downward application force (F) is adjusted and / or regulated. Procedure according to Claim 7 , wherein a degree of deformation of at least one of the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) and / or a position of the deformation on at least one of the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) is determined. Method according to one of the Claims 7 to 9 , wherein upon detection of a deformation the internal pressure (I) to be applied subsequently produced article (30) or container (31) is increased, in particular whereby a quantity of subsequent articles (30) or containers (31) to be added compressed inert gas to a degree of deformation and / or a position of the detected deformation is adjusted. Method according to one of the Claims 7 to 9 , the articles (30) being formed by plastic containers filled with a liquid and closed, the plastic containers being produced from preforms by stretch blow molding, with at least one process parameter in the production and / or subsequent handling of a subsequent one upon detection of a deformation of the plastic container Process step to be produced plastic container is changed and / or adapted to the determined deformation. Method according to one of the Claims 7 to 9 , wherein the articles (30) are formed by containers (31) filled with a liquid and closed, wherein, upon detection of a deformation, one of the containers (31) to be combined with the packaging blank (21) as a packaging unit (35) before the application and setting of the Packaging blank (21) on the at least two containers (31) in a subsequent process step • a temperature of the liquid to be filled into subsequent packaging units (35) is lower than room temperature and / or • the subsequent packaging units (35) forming container (31) are heated more strongly after filling and closing and before applying the packaging blank (21). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the articles (30) or containers (31) forming a packaging unit (35) are pressed together laterally when the packaging blank (21) is applied, in particular wherein, when a deformation of the container (31) is detected, a suitable pressure element (62) laterally applied pressure on container (31) of subsequent packaging units (35) is reduced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein articles (30) or containers (31) are used which have an average wall thickness between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, particularly preferred a wall thickness of approximately 0, 2mm to 0.3mm. Packaging device (1) for producing packaging units (35), the packaging units (35) comprising at least two articles (30) or containers (31) which are combined by at least one first secondary packaging means (20) in the form of a packaging blank (21), wherein the packaging blank (21) has at least two passage openings (23) for the articles (30) or containers (31), in particular packaging device (1) for producing packaging units (35) by a method according to one of the Claims 1 to 14th , the packaging device (1) comprising • a feed device (3) for the at least two articles (30) or containers (31) or for combinations of at least two articles (30) or containers (31); • At least one internal pressure module (5) for at least temporarily increasing an internal pressure (I) of the at least two articles (30) or containers, so that the internal pressure (I) of the articles (30) or containers (31) at least at the time of application and definition the packaging blank (21) is above atmospheric pressure; • a packaging module (6) for applying and fixing the at least one first secondary packaging means (20) provided in the form of a packaging blank (21) to the at least two articles (30) or containers (31). Packaging device (1) according to Claim 15 , wherein the internal pressure module (5) is a heating module (61) for heating the article (30) or container (31) before the application and fixing of the packaging blank (21) and / or wherein the internal pressure module (5) is lateral pressure elements (62) for includes at least regional application of a side print to the article (30) or container (31) and / or wherein the packaging device (1) further includes: a filling module (16) for filling the article (30) or container (31) with a liquid ; • a closing module (17) for closing the items (30) or containers (31) filled with liquid; • the internal pressure module (5) being an addition module (60) assigned to the sealing module (17) which, before sealing the articles (30) or containers (31), is used to add an inert gas to the articles (30) or containers (31) or • wherein the internal pressure module (5) comprises a pressure chamber arranged around a closer head of the closer module (17). Packaging device (1) according to Claim 15 or 16 The packaging device (1) comprising at least one sensor (71) for detecting deformations of the articles (30) or containers (31) during and / or following the application and / or fixing of the first secondary packaging means (20) to the assembly ( 29) comprising at least two articles (30) or containers (31) and / or the packaging device (1) comprising at least one sensor (73) for monitoring the application and / or fixing the first secondary packaging means (20) on the at least two articles (30 ) or containers (31), the packaging device (1) further comprising a control device (80) which is coupled to the at least one sensor (71, 73); wherein the control device (80) can control and / or regulate machine components of the packaging device (1), in particular wherein the control device (80) can control and regulate machine components of the packaging device (1) on the basis of data determined by the at least one sensor (71, 73) / or are adjustable. Packaging device (1) according to Claim 17 , wherein the addition module (60) comprises two or more pouring openings for inert gas, in particular wherein the addition of inert gas can be regulated individually via each pouring opening or wherein the adding module (60) comprises at least one movable pouring opening for inert gas, which is at least temporarily synchronous with the articles (30) or containers (31) is moved.

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