DE102019118024B4 - aircraft - Google Patents
aircraft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102019118024B4 DE102019118024B4 DE102019118024.4A DE102019118024A DE102019118024B4 DE 102019118024 B4 DE102019118024 B4 DE 102019118024B4 DE 102019118024 A DE102019118024 A DE 102019118024A DE 102019118024 B4 DE102019118024 B4 DE 102019118024B4
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- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- following feature
- ducted propeller
- until
- ducted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/001—Shrouded propellers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
- B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C7/00—Structures or fairings not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
- B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant using steam, electricity, or spring force
Abstract
Luftfahrzeug, mit folgenden Merkmalen:- das Luftfahrzeug weist einen Mantelpropeller (10) auf und- der Mantelpropeller (10) umfasst einen beweglichen Aufnahmering (12) mit Lamellen (11), gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:- die Lamellen (11) sind innerhalb des Aufnahmeringes drehbar gelagert und- die Lamellen (11) sind federnd in eine Schließstellung vorgespannt.Aircraft, with the following features: - the aircraft has a ducted propeller (10) and - the ducted propeller (10) comprises a movable receiving ring (12) with lamellae (11), characterized by the following features: - the lamellae (11) are inside the Receiving ring rotatably mounted and the slats (11) are resiliently biased into a closed position.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein vollelektrisches, senkrecht start- und landefähiges (vertical take-off and landing, VTOL) Luftfahrzeug.The present invention relates to an aircraft, in particular an all-electric, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Als VTOL wird in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik sprachübergreifend jedwede Art von Flugzeug, Drohne oder Rakete bezeichnet, welche die Fähigkeit besitzt, im Wesentlichen senkrecht und ohne Start- und Landebahn abzuheben und wieder aufzusetzen. Dieser Sammelbegriff wird nachfolgend in einem weiten Sinne verwendet, der nicht nur Starrflügelflugzeuge mit Tragflächen, sondern ebenso Drehflügler wie Hub-, Trag-, Flugschrauber und Hybride wie Verbundhub- oder Kombinationsschrauber sowie Wandelflugzeuge einschließt. Erfasst seien des Weiteren Luftfahrzeuge mit der Fähigkeit, auf besonders kurzen Strecken zu starten und zu landen (short take-off and landing, STOL), auf kurzen Strecken zu starten, aber senkrecht zu landen (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) oder senkrecht zu starten, aber horizontal zu landen (vertical take-off and horizontal landing, VTHL).In aerospace engineering, a VTOL is a cross-linguistic term for any type of aircraft, drone or rocket that has the ability to take off and touch down essentially vertically and without a runway. This collective term is used in the following in a broad sense, which includes not only fixed wing aircraft with wings, but also rotorcraft such as helicopters, autogyros, helicopters and hybrids such as compound helicopters or combination helicopters and convertible aircraft. Also included are aircraft with the ability to take off and land over particularly short distances (short take-off and landing, STOL), to take off over short distances but to land vertically (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) or vertical take-off and horizontal landing (VTHL).
Auch aus
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of Invention
Dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Effizienz eines Mantelpropellers (ducted fan) durch eine optimale Gestaltung der Einströmverhältnisse in den Kanal zu steigern.The approach according to the invention is based on the object of increasing the efficiency of a ducted fan by optimally designing the inflow conditions into the duct.
Die Erfindung stellt ein Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein vollelektrisches, im obigen Sinne senkrecht start- und landefähiges Luftfahrzeug gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 bereit.The invention provides an aircraft, in particular an all-electric aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing in the above sense, according to independent claim 1.
Der Vorzug eines erfindungsgemäßen Luftfahrzeuges liegt dementsprechend darin, dass die Einströmverhältnisse in den Luftkanal seines Mantelpropellers im Vergleich besonders günstig sind.The advantage of an aircraft according to the invention is accordingly that the inflow conditions in the air duct of its ducted propeller are particularly favorable in comparison.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben. So kann das Luftfahrzeug etwa mit abgeknickten oder gar wahlweise abknickbaren Tragflächen ausgestattet sein. Eine entsprechende Variante vergrößert die im Horizontalflug wirksame Flügelfläche, ohne aber die Standfläche des Luftfahrzeuges auszudehnen.Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims. For example, the aircraft can be equipped with angled or even optionally foldable wings. A corresponding variant increases the effective wing area in level flight, but without expanding the footprint of the aircraft.
Ferner mag das Luftfahrzeug über ein schnell ladbares Batteriesystem verfügen, welches die Antriebsenergie für Senkrechtstart und -landung sowie Horizontalflug bereitstellt und eine kurzfristige Aufladung des Luftfahrzeuges im Stand ermöglicht.Furthermore, the aircraft may have a fast-charging battery system, which provides the drive energy for vertical take-off and landing as well as level flight and allows the aircraft to be charged for a short time while stationary.
Zum Antrieb des Luftfahrzeuges können hierbei anstelle freifahrender Rotoren mehrere der erwähnten Mantelpropeller auch unterschiedlicher Größe zum Einsatz kommen, wie sie abseits der Luftfahrttechnik etwa von Luftkissenfahrzeugen oder Sumpfbooten bekannt sind. Das den Propeller umgebende zylindrische Gehäuse vermag in einer derartigen Ausführungsform die Schubverluste infolge von Verwirbelungen an den Blattspitzen beträchtlich zu reduzieren. Geeignete Mantelpropeller mögen horizontal oder vertikal ausgerichtet, zwischen beiden Stellungen schwenkbar ausgeführt oder aus aerodynamischen Gründen im Horizontalflug durch die Lamellen abgedeckt sein. Zudem ist eine reine Horizontalschuberzeugung mittels feststehender Mantelpropeller denkbar.Instead of free-moving rotors, several of the above-mentioned jacketed propellers of different sizes can also be used to drive the aircraft, as they are known outside of aviation technology, for example from hovercraft or sump boats. In such an embodiment, the cylindrical housing surrounding the propeller is capable of considerably reducing the thrust losses as a result of turbulence at the blade tips. Suitable ducted propellers may be aligned horizontally or vertically, designed to be pivotable between the two positions, or covered by the fins for aerodynamic reasons in level flight. In addition, a purely horizontal thrust generation by means of fixed ducted propellers is conceivable.
Schließlich kommt - neben einem vorzugsweise vollautonomen Betrieb des Luftfahrzeuges - bei hinreichender Qualifikation auch die Einräumung einer manuellen Kontrolle an den menschlichen Piloten in Betracht, was der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine größtmögliche Flexibilität in der Handhabung verleiht.Finally, in addition to a preferably fully autonomous operation of the aircraft, the granting of manual control to the human pilot with sufficient qualification also comes into consideration, which gives the device according to the invention the greatest possible flexibility in handling.
Figurenlistecharacter list
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben.
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1 zeigt einen Mantelpropeller während des Horizontalflugs. -
2 zeigt denselben Mantelpropeller während Start oder Landung.
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1 shows a ducted propeller during level flight. -
2 shows the same ducted propeller during takeoff or landing.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Der Mantelpropeller (10) weist einen einstufigen Mechanismus auf, um das Öffnen und Verschließen seines Luftkanals bei minimaler Beeinflussung der Strömungsverhältnisse zu gewährleisten. Beim in
Die im Übrigen freie Drehbewegung der Lamellen (11) wird durch eine - zeichnerisch nicht dargestellte - Drehfeder gedämpft, um eine Geräuschentwicklung in der Endlage zu vermeiden (Startvorgang Vertikalflug).The otherwise free rotational movement of the slats (11) is dampened by a torsion spring (not shown in the drawing) in order to avoid noise in the end position (starting process in vertical flight).
Durch die Bewegungsfreiheit der Lamellen (11) richten diese sich immer strömungsoptimal aus.Due to the freedom of movement of the slats (11), they always align themselves to optimize the flow.
In geschlossener Position ist die Betätigung selbsthemmend ausgeführt. Ein Aufziehen durch aerodynamische Kräfte im Horizontalflug ist ausgeschlossen, die Dichtflächen sind verpresst. Dies erweist sich deswegen als vorteilhaft, weil sich der mit den Lamellen (11) ausgestattete Mantelpropeller (10) in einer Tragfläche befindet, deren aerodynamisches Profil auf diese Weise nicht beeinträchtigt wird.In the closed position, the actuation is self-locking. Lifting by aerodynamic forces in level flight is impossible, the sealing surfaces are pressed. This proves to be advantageous because the ducted propeller (10) equipped with the lamellae (11) is located in an airfoil whose aerodynamic profile is not impaired in this way.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019118024.4A DE102019118024B4 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2019-07-04 | aircraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019118024.4A DE102019118024B4 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2019-07-04 | aircraft |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102019118024A1 DE102019118024A1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
DE102019118024B4 true DE102019118024B4 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
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DE102019118024.4A Active DE102019118024B4 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2019-07-04 | aircraft |
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Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3636456A1 (en) | 1985-11-06 | 1987-07-02 | Dornier Gmbh | Circulation-controlled rotor system for aircraft |
JPS62168793A (en) | 1985-11-06 | 1987-07-25 | ドルニエ、ゲゼルシヤフト、ミツト、ベシユレンクテル、ハフツング | Helicopter having high advanced speed |
DE202010016892U1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-26 | Walter Pahling | Amphibious ultralight aircraft of recent design |
US8020804B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2011-09-20 | Urban Aeronautics, Ltd. | Ground effect vanes arrangement |
DE102011105880A1 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-20 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Electric drive device for an aircraft |
DE112012003115T5 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2014-08-14 | Lightening Energy | Fast charging electric vehicle and method and apparatus for fast charging |
WO2014144001A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Terrafugia, Inc. | Combined flying/driving vehicle with vertical takeoff and fixed-wing cruise capabilities |
DE202015003815U1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2015-07-22 | Maximilian Salbaum | Vertical launching and landing aircraft with electric ducted propellers |
DE202015007089U1 (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-11-12 | Maximilian Salbaum | Launching and landing vertically blended wing body aircraft with electric ducted propellers |
US9856018B2 (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2018-01-02 | The Boeing Company | Ducted fan doors for aircraft |
DE202018000856U1 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2018-03-06 | Christian Danz | Protection system for flight systems |
EP3290334A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-07 | Sunlight Photonics Inc. | Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing |
GB2555440A (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-02 | Mono Aerospace Ip Ltd | Vertical take off and landing aircraft |
-
2019
- 2019-07-04 DE DE102019118024.4A patent/DE102019118024B4/en active Active
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3636456A1 (en) | 1985-11-06 | 1987-07-02 | Dornier Gmbh | Circulation-controlled rotor system for aircraft |
JPS62168793A (en) | 1985-11-06 | 1987-07-25 | ドルニエ、ゲゼルシヤフト、ミツト、ベシユレンクテル、ハフツング | Helicopter having high advanced speed |
US8020804B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 | 2011-09-20 | Urban Aeronautics, Ltd. | Ground effect vanes arrangement |
DE202010016892U1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-26 | Walter Pahling | Amphibious ultralight aircraft of recent design |
DE102011105880A1 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-20 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Electric drive device for an aircraft |
DE112012003115T5 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2014-08-14 | Lightening Energy | Fast charging electric vehicle and method and apparatus for fast charging |
WO2014144001A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Terrafugia, Inc. | Combined flying/driving vehicle with vertical takeoff and fixed-wing cruise capabilities |
CN105121188A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-02 | 特力飞车股份有限公司 | Combined flying/driving vehicle with vertical takeoff and fixed-wing cruise capabilities |
DE202015003815U1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2015-07-22 | Maximilian Salbaum | Vertical launching and landing aircraft with electric ducted propellers |
DE202015007089U1 (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-11-12 | Maximilian Salbaum | Launching and landing vertically blended wing body aircraft with electric ducted propellers |
US9856018B2 (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2018-01-02 | The Boeing Company | Ducted fan doors for aircraft |
EP3290334A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-07 | Sunlight Photonics Inc. | Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing |
GB2555440A (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-02 | Mono Aerospace Ip Ltd | Vertical take off and landing aircraft |
DE202018000856U1 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2018-03-06 | Christian Danz | Protection system for flight systems |
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DE102019118024A1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
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