DE102018116149B4 - Ducted propeller and aircraft - Google Patents
Ducted propeller and aircraft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102018116149B4 DE102018116149B4 DE102018116149.2A DE102018116149A DE102018116149B4 DE 102018116149 B4 DE102018116149 B4 DE 102018116149B4 DE 102018116149 A DE102018116149 A DE 102018116149A DE 102018116149 B4 DE102018116149 B4 DE 102018116149B4
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- Germany
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- aircraft
- rotor
- ducted propeller
- ducted
- electric motor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000985905 Candidatus Phytoplasma solani Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
- B64D33/08—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of power plant cooling systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/20—Rotorcraft characterised by having shrouded rotors, e.g. flying platforms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
- B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant using steam, electricity, or spring force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/20—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
- B64U30/26—Ducted or shrouded rotors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
- B64U50/10—Propulsion
- B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Abstract
Mantelpropeller (10) für ein Luftfahrzeug, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:- der Mantelpropeller (10) umfasst einen Elektromotor (12) mit einem Ständer (11) und einem Läufer,- der Elektromotor (12) weist einen Luftdurchlass zum Kühlen auf,- der Elektromotor (12) umfasst einen von Außenluft unabhängigen Kühlkreislauf,- der Mantelpropeller (10) umfasst einen drehstarr mit dem Läufer verbundenen Rotor (13) und- der Ständer (11) lagert den Rotor (13).Ducted propeller (10) for an aircraft, characterized by the following features: - the ducted propeller (10) comprises an electric motor (12) with a stator (11) and a rotor, - the electric motor (12) has an air passage for cooling, - the The electric motor (12) includes a cooling circuit that is independent of outside air, - the ducted propeller (10) includes a rotor (13) connected to the rotor in a torsionally rigid manner, and - the stator (11) supports the rotor (13).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen ein Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein vollelektrisches, senkrecht start- und landefähiges (vertical take-off and landing, VTOL) Luftfahrzeug.The present invention relates to an aircraft, in particular an all-electric, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft.
Als VTOL wird in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik sprachübergreifend jedwede Art von Flugzeug, Drohne oder Rakete bezeichnet, welche die Fähigkeit besitzt, im Wesentlichen senkrecht und ohne Start- und Landebahn abzuheben und wieder aufzusetzen. Dieser Sammelbegriff wird nachfolgend in einem weiten Sinne verwendet, der nicht nur Starrflügelflugzeuge mit Tragflächen, sondern ebenso Drehflügler wie Hub-, Trag-, Flugschrauber und Hybride wie Verbundhub- oder Kombinationsschrauber sowie Wandelflugzeuge einschließt. Erfasst seien des Weiteren Luftfahrzeuge mit der Fähigkeit, auf besonders kurzen Strecken zu starten und zu landen (short take-off and landing, STOL), auf kurzen Strecken zu starten, aber senkrecht zu landen (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) oder senkrecht zu starten, aber horizontal zu landen (vertical take-off and horizontal landing, VTHL). Bekannte VTOL-Luftfahrzeuge bedienen sich unterschiedlichster Antriebsarten.In aerospace engineering, a VTOL is a cross-linguistic term for any type of aircraft, drone or rocket that has the ability to take off and touch down essentially vertically and without a runway. This collective term is used in the following in a broad sense, which includes not only fixed wing aircraft with wings, but also rotorcraft such as helicopters, autogyros, helicopters and hybrids such as compound helicopters or combination helicopters and convertible aircraft. Also included are aircraft with the ability to take off and land over particularly short distances (short take-off and landing, STOL), to take off over short distances but to land vertically (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) or vertical take-off and horizontal landing (VTHL). Known VTOL aircraft use a wide variety of drive types.
Ein Hochgeschwindigkeits-Zentrifugalkompressor zum Komprimieren von Fluiden gemäß US 2007 / 0 269 323 A1 enthält einen Permanentmagnet-Synchronmotor (PMSM) mit Hohlwelle, der an seinen Enden durch Kugellager abgestützt wird. Der Permanentmagnetkern ist in der Welle eingebettet. Ein Stator mit einer Wicklung ist radial außerhalb der Welle angeordnet. Der PMSM umfasst einen Rotor hoher Steifigkeit mit einem Laufrad, das an der Welle befestigt oder einstückig mit dieser verbunden ist.A high-speed centrifugal compressor for compressing fluids according to US 2007/0 269 323 A1 includes a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a hollow shaft supported at its ends by ball bearings. The permanent magnet core is embedded in the shaft. A stator with a winding is arranged radially outside the shaft. The PMSM includes a high-stiffness rotor with an impeller attached to or integral with the shaft.
Die Erfindung stellt einen Mantelpropeller (ducted fan) sowie ein - insbesondere vollelektrisches, im obigen Sinne senkrecht start- und landefähiges - Luftfahrzeug gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen bereit.The invention provides a ducted fan and an aircraft, in particular an all-electric aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing in the above sense, according to the independent claims.
Ein Vorzug dieser Lösung liegt in der gegenüber herkömmlichen Mantelpropellern erzielbaren Gewichts- und Kostenreduktion. Für die Umsetzung wird dabei ein besonders kurzer Bauraum benötigt.An advantage of this solution is the weight and cost reduction that can be achieved compared to conventional ducted propellers. A particularly short installation space is required for the implementation.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben. So kann das Luftfahrzeug etwa mit abgeknickten oder gar wahlweise abknickbaren Tragflächen ausgestattet sein. Eine entsprechende Variante vergrößert die im Horizontalflug wirksame Flügelfläche, ohne aber die Standfläche des Luftfahrzeuges auszudehnen.Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims. For example, the aircraft can be equipped with angled or even optionally foldable wings. A corresponding variant increases the effective wing area in level flight, but without expanding the footprint of the aircraft.
Ferner mag das Luftfahrzeug über ein schnell ladbares Batteriesystem verfügen, welches die Antriebsenergie für Senkrechtstart und -landung sowie Horizontalflug bereitstellt und eine kurzfristige Aufladung des Luftfahrzeuges im Stand ermöglicht.Furthermore, the aircraft may have a fast-charging battery system, which provides the drive energy for vertical take-off and landing as well as level flight and allows the aircraft to be charged for a short time while stationary.
Zum Antrieb des Luftfahrzeuges können hierbei mehrere Mantelpropeller auch unterschiedlicher Größe zum Einsatz kommen, wie sie abseits der Luftfahrttechnik etwa von Luftkissenfahrzeugen oder Sumpfbooten bekannt sind. Das den Propeller umgebende zylindrische Gehäuse vermag in einer derartigen Ausführungsform die Schubverluste infolge von Verwirbelungen an den Blattspitzen beträchtlich zu reduzieren. Several ducted propellers, also of different sizes, can be used to drive the aircraft, such as are known outside of aviation technology, for example from hovercraft or airboats. In such an embodiment, the cylindrical housing surrounding the propeller is capable of considerably reducing the thrust losses as a result of turbulence at the blade tips.
Geeignete Mantelpropeller mögen horizontal oder vertikal ausgerichtet, zwischen beiden Stellungen schwenkbar ausgeführt oder aus aerodynamischen Gründen im Horizontalflug durch Lamellen (louvers) abgedeckt sein. Zudem ist eine reine Horizontalschuberzeugung mittels feststehender Mantelpropeller denkbar.Suitable ducted propellers may be aligned horizontally or vertically, designed to be pivotable between the two positions, or covered by louvers for aerodynamic reasons in level flight. In addition, a purely horizontal thrust generation by means of fixed ducted propellers is conceivable.
Schließlich kommt - neben einem vorzugsweise vollautonomen Betrieb des Luftfahrzeuges - bei hinreichender Qualifikation auch die Einräumung einer manuellen Kontrolle an den menschlichen Piloten in Betracht, was der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine größtmögliche Flexibilität in der Handhabung verleiht.Finally, in addition to a preferably fully autonomous operation of the aircraft, the granting of manual control to the human pilot with sufficient qualification also comes into consideration, which gives the device according to the invention the greatest possible flexibility in handling.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below.
Die Figur zeigt einen Längsschnitt des Mantelpropellers eines Luftfahrzeuges.The figure shows a longitudinal section of the ducted propeller of an aircraft.
Die einzige Figur illustriert die konstruktiven Merkmale einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Mantelpropellers (10), dessen Motorlager zugleich als Rotorlager dient.The only figure illustrates the structural features of a preferred embodiment of the ducted propeller (10) according to the invention, the motor bearing of which also serves as a rotor bearing.
Der abgebildete Mantelpropeller (10) umfasst einen als Außenläufer (outrunner) ausgeführten Elektromotor (12) sowie einen drehstarr mit dessen Läufer verbundenen aerodynamisch wirkenden Rotor (13), der vom Ständer (11) des Elektromotors (12) gelagert wird.The illustrated ducted propeller (10) comprises an electric motor (12) designed as an outrunner and an aerodynamically acting rotor (13) connected to its rotor in a torsionally rigid manner and supported by the stator (11) of the electric motor (12).
Wie der Zeichnung unschwer zu entnehmen ist, erfordert diese bauliche Integration des Antriebsmotors und des Schubrotors nur wenige Bauteile. Eine Motorkühlung wird hierbei durch einen ausreichenden Luftdurchlass und anderweitige Kühlmedien gewährleistet.As can easily be seen from the drawing, this structural integration of the drive motor and the thrust rotor requires only a few components. Engine cooling is ensured by sufficient air passage and other cooling media.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018116149.2A DE102018116149B4 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | Ducted propeller and aircraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018116149.2A DE102018116149B4 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | Ducted propeller and aircraft |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102018116149A1 DE102018116149A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
DE102018116149B4 true DE102018116149B4 (en) | 2023-05-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
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DE102018116149.2A Active DE102018116149B4 (en) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | Ducted propeller and aircraft |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20210237888A1 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-05 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Airframe of a volitant body |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019123726A1 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-04 | Flynow Aviation Gmbh | Buoyancy unit for an aircraft and an aircraft |
DE102020127041B3 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2021-09-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Aircraft ducted propellers and aircraft |
DE102020127029B3 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2021-09-30 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Aircraft ducted propellers and aircraft |
DE102020127034A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-14 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ducted propeller of an aircraft, aircraft and component thereof |
DE102020133449B3 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-12-30 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Ducted propeller of an aircraft, aircraft and component thereof |
CN114194403B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-06-02 | 广东汇天航空航天科技有限公司 | Heat radiation structure of driving device and aircraft |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070269323A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-22 | Lei Zhou | Miniature high speed compressor having embedded permanent magnet motor |
US7385303B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2008-06-10 | Roos Paul W | Integrated fluid power conversion system |
DE102011054159A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Denso Corporation | Electric rotating multi-slot machine |
WO2015005776A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Eco-Logical Enterprises B.V. | Rotary device, for instance an air mover such as a fan, a propeller or a lifting rotor, a water turbine or a wind turbine |
EP3290334A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-07 | Sunlight Photonics Inc. | Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing |
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2018
- 2018-07-04 DE DE102018116149.2A patent/DE102018116149B4/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7385303B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2008-06-10 | Roos Paul W | Integrated fluid power conversion system |
US20070269323A1 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-22 | Lei Zhou | Miniature high speed compressor having embedded permanent magnet motor |
DE102011054159A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Denso Corporation | Electric rotating multi-slot machine |
WO2015005776A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Eco-Logical Enterprises B.V. | Rotary device, for instance an air mover such as a fan, a propeller or a lifting rotor, a water turbine or a wind turbine |
EP3290334A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-07 | Sunlight Photonics Inc. | Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20210237888A1 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-05 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Airframe of a volitant body |
US11899470B2 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2024-02-13 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Airframe of a volitant body |
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DE102018116149A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
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