DE102019117666A1 - Legwear - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to create an item of legwear, comprising at least one leg part, which comprises a knitted area, which is almost invisible when worn, but conceals small flaws in the skin of the wearer of the legwear and thus creates a desired look for the leg of the wearer of the legwear, it is proposed that the quotient Qtt from the weighted normal-normal light transmittance TV, n-n of the knitted area and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, n-diff of the knitted area is at least 4.0.

Description

The present invention relates to an item of legwear which comprises at least one leg part which comprises a knitted area.

The present invention is based on the object of creating such a piece of leg clothing which is almost invisible when worn, but conceals small flaws in the skin of the person wearing the leg clothing and thus creates a desired look for the leg of the person wearing the leg clothing.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a legwear item with the features of the preamble of claim 1 in that the quotient Qtt from the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn of} the knitted area and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area Range is at least 4.0.

• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-normalen Lichttransmissionsgrad T_n-n;
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-diffusen Lichttransmissionsgrad Tn-diff;
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-hemisphärischen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-h; und
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-hemisphärischen Lichtreflexionsgrad ρ_n-h.

The present invention is based on the knowledge that the optical effect of the knitted area of the legwear is determined by its photometric behavior, which in turn is defined by various measured variables characterizing the light transmission and light reflection behavior of the knitted area, in particular by

• - the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance T _nn ;
• - the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance Tn-diff;
• - the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh ; and
• - the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh .

These measurands are determined as in the article by Kathrin Haigis, Marielle Stephan, Christoph Riethmüller, Holger Illg and Götz T. Gresser: "New measuring method for determining the photometric parameters of tights", published in melliand textile reports 2/2019 on pages 88 to 90.

From the wavelength-dependent light transmittance and light reflectance explained above, weighted light transmittance or light reflectance are obtained by averaging the measured values obtained for the respective wavelength-dependent light transmittance or light reflectance over the entire wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm and weighting with the V (λ) distribution. which represents the spectral brightness sensitivity of the human eye for daytime vision at the relevant wavelength λ.

The V (λ) distribution for daytime vision is defined in the DIN 5031 Part 3 standard and its course is specified as a function of the wavelength λ.

The weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance T _{V, n-diff} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal hemispherical light transmittance Tv, nh results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-hemispheric light transmittance τ _nh , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal hemispheric light reflectance ρ _nh , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

Since the desired optical effect of the knitted area of the piece of legwear results in particular from the fact that the normal-normal light transmission and the normal-diffuse light transmission are matched to one another, the quotient Qtt represents the weighted normal-normal Light transmittance T _{V, nn} and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance T _V , _{n-diff are} a particularly important parameter of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 represent.

It applies ${\text{Q}}_{\text{dd}}={\text{T}}_{\text{V}\text{, nn}}/{\text{T}}_{\text{V}\text{, n-diff}}\text{.}$

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the quotient Qtt of the knitted area of the legwear is at least 4.1.

Since the coordination between the reflection behavior and the transmission behavior of the knitted area is important for the desired appearance of the knitted area of the legwear, another important photometric parameter is the quotient Q _tr from the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh} and the weighted normal hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh} .

It applies ${\text{Q}}_{\text{tr}}={\text{T}}_{\text{V}\text{, nh}}{\text{/ R}}_{\text{V}\text{, nh}\text{.}}$

It is particularly favorable if the quotient Q _tr from the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted area and the weighted normal-hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh of} the knitted area is at least 25, preferably at least 30, in particular at least 35 .

Furthermore, it has proven to be beneficial if the quotient Q _tr from the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted area and the weighted normal-hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh of} the knitted area is not more than 50, especially not more than 45, particularly preferred is at most 40.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous if the quotient Qtt from the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn of} the knitted area and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area is at most 6.0, in particular at most 5, 0, particularly preferably at most 4.5.

A special adaptation to the color of the skin of a wearer of the legwear item can be achieved in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area at the wavelength 440 nm is at most 0.175 and / or at least 0.165.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area at the wavelength 540 nm is preferably at most 0.185 and / or preferably at least 0.175.

It is also advantageous if the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area at the wavelength 720 nm is preferably at most 0.215 and / or preferably at least 0.205.

For the most neutral optical impression of the legwear item, it is also advantageous if the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area at the wavelength 440 nm is preferably at most 0.025 and / or preferably at least 0.020.

It is also advantageous if the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area at the wavelength 540 nm is preferably at most 0.028 and / or preferably at least 0.023.

It is also favorable if the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area at the wavelength 720 nm is preferably at most 0.040 and / or preferably at least 0.035.

When worn, the legwear item according to the invention preferably lies directly on the wearer's skin.

The leg clothing item according to the invention is preferably a pair of tights, in particular a fine pair of tights, or a stocking, in particular a fine stocking, for example a knee sock or a thigh sock.

With regard to the yarn used to produce the knitted area, it is favorable if the knitted area comprises a leg part yarn whose total fineness is at most dtex 16, in particular at most dtex 14, particularly preferably at most dtex 12.

For sufficient mechanical strength, in particular tear resistance, of the knitted area of the legwear item, it is also advantageous if the leg part yarn has a total fineness of at least 6 dtex, in particular at least 8 dtex, particularly preferably at least 10 dtex.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the knitted area comprises a leg part yarn which is designed as a bi-component yarn.

In particular, it can be provided that the knitted area comprises a leg part yarn which comprises a polyamide material and / or a polyurethane material.

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the knitted area comprises a leg part yarn which is designed as a bi-component yarn, in which each filament comprises both a polyamide material and a polyurethane material.

• 40 Gewichtsprozent und/oder vorzugsweise höchstens ungefähr
• 60 Gewichtsprozent betragen.

The proportion of the polyamide material can preferably be at least

• 40 percent by weight and / or preferably at most approximately
• 60 percent by weight.

• 1 eine schematische Vorderansicht eines Bekleidungsstücks, das als eine Strumpfhose ausgebildet ist und einen oberen Bund, einen Nachrandbereich, ein Hosenteil, zwei Beinteile und zwei Fußspitzenbereiche umfasst;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung der direkten Transmission von Licht an einem Gestrick;
• 3 ein Schaubild, welches die Messwerte für den normal-normalen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-n in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge für vier verschiedene Gestricke darstellt;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung der diffusen Transmission an einem Gestrick;
• 5 ein Schaubild, welches Messwerte für den normal-diffusen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-n in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge für vier verschiedene Gestricke darstellt;
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung der hemisphärischen Transmission von Licht an einem Gestrick;
• 7 ein Schaubild, welches Messwerte für den normal-hemisphärischen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-h in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge für vier verschiedene Gestricke darstellt;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung der gerichteten Reflexion und der diffusen Reflexion an einem Gestrick;
• 9 ein Schaubild, welches Messwerte für den normal-hemisphärischen Lichtreflexionsgrad in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge für vier verschiedene Gestricke darstellt;
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung einer Messanordnung zur Bestimmung der winkelabhängigen Transmission von Licht an einem Gestrick;
• 11 ein Maschenbild eines glatten R/L(Rechts/Links)-Gestricks;
• 12 ein Maschenbild eines Gestricks, das in der Stricktechnik 1:1 hinterlegt gestrickt ist, wobei die Hinterlegungen in jeder Maschenreihe in Bezug auf die Hinterlegungen in der vorangegangenen Maschenreihe um eine Masche versetzt sind;
• 13 ein Maschenbild eines Gestricks, das aus einem ersten Garn in glatter Stricktechnik und einem zweiten Garn in der Stricktechnik 1:1 Fang gestrickt ist; und
• 14 ein Schaubild, welches Messwerte für den gewichteten winkelabhängigen Lichttransmissionsgrad T_{V, Θ} in Abhängigkeit vom Zenitwinkel Θ für vier verschiedene Gestricke darstellt.

In the drawings show:

• 1 a schematic front view of an item of clothing which is designed as a pair of tights and comprises an upper waistband, a trailing edge area, a pants part, two leg parts and two toe areas;
• 2 a schematic representation of the direct transmission of light on a knitted fabric;
• 3 a diagram showing the measured values for the normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn as a function of the wavelength for four different knitted fabrics;
• 4th a schematic representation of the diffuse transmission on a knitted fabric;
• 5 a diagram showing measured values for the normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _nn as a function of the wavelength for four different knitted fabrics;
• 6th a schematic representation of the hemispherical transmission of light on a knitted fabric;
• 7th a diagram showing measured values for the normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh as a function of the wavelength for four different knitted fabrics;
• 8th a schematic representation of the directional reflection and the diffuse reflection on a knitted fabric;
• 9 a diagram showing measured values for the normal hemispherical light reflectance as a function of the wavelength for four different knitted fabrics;
• 10 a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement for determining the angle-dependent transmission of light on a knitted fabric;
• 11 a stitch pattern of a smooth R / L (right / left) knit;
• 12th a stitch pattern of a knitted fabric that is knitted with the knitting technique 1: 1 backed, the backings in each row of stitches being offset by one stitch with respect to the backings in the previous row;
• 13th a stitch pattern of a knitted fabric that is knitted from a first yarn in the plain knitting technique and a second yarn in the knitting technique 1: 1 catch; and
• 14th a diagram showing measured values for the weighted angle-dependent light transmittance T _{V, Θ} as a function of the zenith angle Θ for four different knitted fabrics.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are denoted by the same reference symbols in all figures.

An in 1 Legwear shown as a whole 100 is exemplary as a pair of tights 102 formed and includes an upper collar 104 down to the upper waistband 104 subsequent margin area 106 , one to the trailing edge area 106 pants part connected to the bottom 108 , two down on the trouser part 108 subsequent leg parts 110 and two each on one of the leg parts 110 toe areas connected to the bottom 112 .

The upper waistband 104 , the trailing edge area 106 , the trouser part 108 who have favourited Leg Parts 110 and the toe areas 112 together form a basic body 114 , which is preferably designed continuously as a knitted fabric.

One leg part each 110 and a toe area 112 as well as half of the trousers part 108 , the trailing edge area 106 and the upper covenant 104 are first produced on a circular knitting machine in the form of a knitted tube. The two knitted tubes are in the area of the trousers part 108 , the trailing edge area 106 and the upper covenant 104 cut open and joined along a seam, in particular by sewing.

The circular knitting machine, which is used to manufacture the legwear 100 is used, has a cylinder with preferably more than 400 needles, in particular with more than 420 needles, particularly preferably with more than 430 needles, and / or with preferably fewer than 460 needles, in particular with less than 450 needles, particularly preferably with less than 440 needles.

In particular, it can be provided that the circular knitting machine has a cylinder with 432 needles.

The diameter of the cylinder is preferably about 4 inches.

The pitch of the cylinder, i.e. the number of needles per inch of the circumference of the cylinder, is preferably approximately 34 (pitch E 34).

By using such a circular knitting machine, a knitted fabric is created that runs along the circumference of each leg part 110 preferably more than 400 meshes, in particular more than 420 meshes, particularly preferably more than 430 meshes, and / or preferably less than 460 meshes, in particular less than 450 meshes, particularly preferably less than 440 meshes.

By choosing the number of stitches along the perimeter of the leg parts 110 an optimal fit of the legwear item is in the above-mentioned areas 100 given on the body of the wearer of the garment.

The upper waistband 104 of the legwear 100 is preferably knitted from a first bundle yarn and a second bundle yarn, with one or more further bundle yarns optionally being knitted in.

The first bunch yarn preferably comprises a synthetic polymer material, in particular a polyamide material.

For example, a polyamide yarn made of seven filaments with a total fineness of 22 dtex can be used as the first bunch yarn.

The second waistband yarn is preferably an elastic yarn.

The second waistband can in particular comprise an elastane material.

For example, an elastane yarn with a fineness of 195 dtex can be used as the second waistband.

• Jede erste Maschenreihe wird aus zwei Fäden des ersten Bundgarns und einem Faden des zweiten Bundgarns in der Strickbindung 3:1 hinterlegt gebildet.

The upper waistband 104 can be knitted, for example, in the manner described below, with the knitting of the upper waistband 104 repeat the following sequence of four courses:

• Each first row of stitches is formed from two threads of the first waistband yarn and one thread of the second waistband yarn in a 3: 1 knitted weave.

This creates floats that each extend over three wales of the R / L (right / left) knit and are delimited on both sides by a stitch.

Such a float is formed by the fact that a needle of the circular knitting machine does not grasp the threads of the bundle yarn placed in front and therefore cannot form them into a loop.

The principle of floating or deposit is in 12th shown, which shows the stitch pattern of a knitted fabric made from a yarn 116 in the knit weave 1: 1 is knitted backed, with a float in each stitch row following a stitch, which extends over a wale.

Every second, third and fourth course is knitted in stocking stitches from two threads of the first waistband in the knit weave.

In the plain knit weave, all stitches in the row concerned are designed as R / L (right / left) stitches, as in 11 for a smooth R / L (right / left) knit from one yarn 116 shown.

The trailing edge area 106 of the legwear 100 can, for example, be knitted from a first post-edge yarn and a second post-edge yarn, with one or more further post-edge yarns optionally being knitted in.

The first trailing edge yarn is preferably a bi-component yarn made from two different synthetic polymer materials. In particular, it can be provided that the first trailing edge yarn is a bi-component yarn made of the components polyamide and polyurethane.

For example, a bi-component yarn made of polyamide and polyurethane with a total fineness of dtex 19, which has two filaments, can be used as the first post-edge yarn.

The second trailing edge yarn preferably comprises a synthetic polymer material, in particular a polyamide material.

In particular, it can be provided that a polyamide yarn with the total fineness dtex 17, which comprises seven filaments, is used as the second trailing edge yarn.

The second trailing edge yarn is preferably twisted and in particular has the direction of rotation S.

The third trailing edge yarn preferably comprises a synthetic polymer material, in particular a polyamide material.

For example, a polyamide yarn with a total fineness of 17 dtex, which has seven filaments, can be used as the third trailing edge yarn.

The third trailing edge yarn is preferably twisted, in particular with the direction of rotation Z.

• Jede erste Maschenreihe wird in der Strickbindung glatt aus dem ersten Nachrandgarn gebildet.

The trailing edge area 106 can, for example, be knitted in the manner described below, whereby when knitting the trailing edge area 106 repeat the following sequence of four courses:

• In the knitted weave, every first course is smoothly formed from the first post-edge yarn.

Every second row of stitches is in the knit weave 3 : 1 deposited from the first post-marginal yarn and the second post-marginal yarn.

Every third row of stitches in the knitted weave is formed smoothly from the first trailing edge yarn.

Every fourth row of stitches in a 3: 1 knit weave is formed from the first trailing edge yarn and the third trailing edge yarn, the floats of the fourth row of stitches being offset from the floats of the second row of stitches in the course direction.

The trouser part 108 of the legwear 100 is preferably knitted from a first trouser part yarn, into which one or more other yarns can optionally be knitted.

The first trouser part yarn is preferably a bi-component yarn, which can in particular comprise a polyamide material and a polyurethane material.

For example, a bi-component yarn made of polyamide and polyurethane with a total fineness of dtex 19, which has two filaments, can be used as the first trouser part yarn.

The first trouser part yarn can be identical to the first secondary edge yarn.

• Die ersten bis vierten Maschenreihen werden jeweils aus dem ersten Hosenteilgarn in der Strickbindung glatt gestrickt.

The trouser part 108 of the legwear 100 can for example be knitted in the manner described below, with the following sequence of four courses being repeated:

• The first to fourth courses are knitted smoothly from the first trouser part yarn in the knit weave.

Each of the leg parts 110 of the legwear 100 is preferably knitted from a leg part yarn into which one or more other yarns can optionally be knitted.

The leg part yarn can in particular comprise a synthetic polymer material.

It is preferably provided that the leg part yarn is a bi-component yarn.

The two components of the bi-component yarn can in particular be a polyamide material and a polyurethane material.

The number of filaments of the bi-component yarn is at least one, preferably at least two.

The number of filaments of the bi-component yarn is preferably at most four, in particular at most three, particularly preferably at most two.

The total fineness of the leg part yarn is preferably at least 6 dtex, in particular at least 10 dtex, particularly preferably at least 12 dtex.

Furthermore, the total fineness of the leg part yarn is preferably at most dtex 18, in particular at most dtex 14, particularly preferably at most dtex 12.

For example, it can be provided that a bi-component yarn made of polyamide and polyurethane with the total fineness dtex 12, which comprises two filaments, is used as the leg part yarn.

• Jede der vier Maschenreihen wird aus dem Beinteilgarn in der Strickbindung glatt gestrickt.

For example, each leg part can be knitted in the manner described below, with the following sequence of four courses being repeated:

• Each of the four rows of stitches is knitted in stockinette from the leg part yarn in the knit weave.

The toe areas 112 of the legwear 100 are preferably knitted from a toe yarn into which one or more other yarns can optionally be knitted.

The toe yarn is preferably a bi-component yarn, in particular made of polyamide and polyurethane.

For example, a bi-component yarn made of polyamide and polyurethane with a total fineness of dtex 19, which has two filaments, can be used.

The toe yarn can be identical to the first trailing edge yarn and / or to the trouser part yarn.

• Die erste Maschenreihe wird aus dem Fußspitzengarn in der Strickbindung 3:1 Fang gestrickt.

Any toe area 112 of the legwear 100 can be knitted, for example, in the manner described below, whereby when knitting the respective toe area 112 repeat the following sequence of four courses:

• The first row of stitches is knitted from the toe yarn in a 3: 1 catch.

The second row of stitches is knitted smoothly from the toe yarn in the knit weave.

The third course is knitted from the toe yarn in a 3: 1 tuck knit, with the tuck stitches of the third course being offset in the course direction with respect to the tuck stitches in the first course.

The fourth row of stitches is knitted in plain weave from the toe yarn in the knit weave.

The knitting technique of the catch binding is shown schematically in 13th shown. 13th shows the stitch pattern of an R / L knit made from a first yarn 118 into which a second yarn 120 knitted in the knitting technique 1: 1 catch.

The designation n: m catch means that n normal stitches and then m catch stitches are formed one after the other in the stitch course direction, whereupon this arrangement of ordinary stitches and catch stitches is repeated.

• - Waschen mit Tensiden in basischem Milieu (beispielsweise bei einem pH-Wert von 8);
• - Neutralisieren mit Essigsäure in saurem Milieu (beispielsweise bei einem pH-Wert von 6);
• - Spülen mit Wasser;
• - Färbung mit einem Säurefarbstoff in wässriger Lösung, wobei die Konzentration des Säurefarbstoffs in der wässrigen Lösung vorzugsweise mindestens 0,5 Gewichtsprozent und vorzugsweise höchstens 1 Gewichtsprozent beträgt;
• - Behandlung mit einem Weichmacher.

To the knitted fabric of the leg parts 110 To give the desired transmission and reflection properties, the finished knitted legwear item 100 subjected to a dyeing and finishing process with the following steps:

• Washing with surfactants in a basic environment (for example at a pH of 8);
• - Neutralization with acetic acid in an acidic medium (for example at a pH value of 6);
• - rinsing with water;
• Dyeing with an acid dye in aqueous solution, the concentration of the acid dye in the aqueous solution preferably being at least 0.5 percent by weight and preferably at most 1 percent by weight;
• - Treatment with a plasticizer.

In the ready-knitted and dyed legwear 100 includes each of the leg parts 110 of the legwear 100 a knitted area 122 , which is formed in the manner described above and in the worn state of the legwear 100 is almost invisible, but conceals small flaws in the skin due to its fine mesh structure, which fits closely to the wearer's body and thus creates the desired look of the wearer's leg, whereby due to the light-technical properties of the knitted area 122 only whose cosmetic effect is perceived.

• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-normalen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-n;
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-diffusen Lichttransmissionsgrad Tn-diff;
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-hemisphärischen Lichttransmissionsgrad τ_n-h; und
• - den wellenlängenabhängigen normal-hemisphärischen Lichtreflexionsgrad ρ_n-h.

The lighting behavior of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 is due to different, the light transmission and light reflection behavior of the knitted area 122 characterizing measured variables determined, in particular by

• - the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn ;
• - the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance Tn-diff;
• - the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh ; and
• - the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh .

These measurands are determined as in the article by Kathrin Haigis, Marielle Stephan, Christoph Riethmüller, Holger Illg and Götz T. Gresser: "New measuring method for determining the photometric parameters of tights", published in melliand textile reports 2/2019 on pages 88 to 90.

This is what the legwear is for 100 at which the knitted area to be examined 122 is arranged, stretched and stretched in a defined two-dimensional manner via a device that is matched to the size of the clothing, in particular a leg model of the respective clothing size.

With a prefabricated tenter frame, a square sample is taken from one point of the knitted area, preferably on the front of the lower leg, which has a length of for example 65 mm and a width of for example 65 mm. The clamping frame is aligned in such a way that the mutually opposite parallel longitudinal sides of the specimen are oriented parallel to the central alignment of the leg. The orientation of the specimen on the legwear stretched onto the leg model 100 is indicated by an orientation marker.

Due to the stretching of the legwear 100 on a leg model of the clothing size for which the legwear item 100 provided by the manufacturer, the stretch state of the meshes of the sample corresponds to the stretch when worn on the leg of the wearer when using the appropriate clothing size according to the manufacturer.

A measuring point on the front of the lower leg is selected as a reference value for the stretch state of the mesh, since this point is particularly relevant for the optical impression of the legwear and plays an important role in assessing optical effects.

In the described embodiment of an item of legwear 100 in clothing size 40 the sample is about 13 to 14 stitches in the wale direction and about 20 stitches in the wale direction.

The wavelength-resolved reflection and transmission behavior of this sample in the wavelength range of visible light from 380 nm to 780 nm is determined in an analogous application to that in FIG DIN EN 14500 as described in the version of August 2008. This standard describes measuring methods for the investigation of sun protection textiles, which can, however, be transferred to the determination of the photometric properties of knitted areas of legwear.

The wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn is the ratio of the area knitted 122 directly transmitted luminous flux 124 directed incident luminous flux 126 (please refer 2 ), where the angle of incidence or zenith angle θ which is defined as the angle between the normal direction of the knitted area 122 and the direction of the incident radiation, is zero.

This wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nh is determined according to the in section 7.5 of the standard DIN EN 14500 in the version of August 2008.

The results of the measurement of the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm are shown in the graph of FIG 3 for a sample from the knitted area 122 the embodiment of a legwear item described above 100 (Curve AF ) and for samples from the knitted areas of three comparison products V1 , V2 and V3 shown (curves V1 , V2 and V3 in 3 ). These comparison products are pantyhose from competitors of the applicant, which have similar mesh counts and colors as the embodiment AF .

It can be clearly seen that the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _{nn of} the embodiment of a piece of legwear described here 100 in the entire wavelength range well above the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _{nn of} the comparison products V1 to V3 lies.

The wavelength-dependent normal diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff is the ratio of the area knitted 122 diffusely transmitted luminous flux 128 to the directed incident luminous flux 126 (please refer 4th ).

The wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh is the ratio of the total of the knitted area 122 transmitted luminous flux, which is the directly transmitted luminous flux 124 and the diffusely transmitted luminous flux 128 includes, to the directional incident luminous flux 126 (please refer 6th ).

The wavelength-dependent normal-hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh is thus the sum of the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn and the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff .

The wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh is determined according to section 7.4 the DIN EN 14500 standard in the version of August 2008 according to the method defined for the measurement of the direct hemispherical transmittance, which is specified in Section 7.2.3 of DIN EN 14500 standard in the version of August 2008, the light beam having an angle of incidence or zenith angle of θ = 0 ° when measuring the transmittance.

The values measured in this way for the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh are shown in the diagram of 7th in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm for the knitted area 122 the embodiment of a legwear item described above 100 (Curve AF ) and for the samples of the knitted areas of the three comparison products V1 to V3 shown.

It can be clearly seen that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh for the knitted area 122 the embodiment described above in the entire wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm clearly above the values of the wavelength-dependent normal-hemispherical light transmittance τ _{nh of} the comparison products V1 to V3 lies.

The wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff is obtained by subtracting the respective associated wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn from the respective wavelength-dependent normal-hemispherical light transmittance τ _nh .

The values for the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff are shown in the diagram of 5 in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm for the knitted area 122 of the embodiment described above (curve AF ) and for the samples of the three comparison products V1 to V3 shown.

Out 5 it can be seen that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff for the knitted area 122 of the embodiment described above AF in the wavelength range from 420 nm to 780 nm is always smaller than the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted areas of the comparison products V1 to V3 .

A special adaptation to the color of the skin of a wearer of the legwear 100 is achieved in the embodiment described here, in particular, that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff at a wavelength of 440 nm is preferably at most 0.175 and / or preferably at least 0.165, at a wavelength of 540 nm preferably at most 0.185 and / or is preferably at least 0.175 and at a wavelength of 720 nm is preferably at most 0.215 and / or preferably at least 0.205.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that in the embodiment of an item of legwear described here 100 the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff increases} from a wavelength of 440 nm towards larger wavelengths, preferably continuously.

The wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh is the ratio of the total of the knitted area 122 reflected luminous flux, which is the directly reflected luminous flux 130 and the diffuse reflected luminous flux 132 includes (see 8th ), to the incident luminous flux 126 .

The measurement of the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh is carried out in accordance with Section 7.4 of DIN EN 14500 standard in the version of August 2008 according to the measurement method defined for the measurement of the direct / hemispherical reflectance, which is described in Section 7.2.4 of the standard DIN EN 14500 in the version of August 2008 is described.

Measured values for the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh for the knitted area 122 the embodiment of a legwear item described above 100 for the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm (curve AF ) and for the samples of the three comparison products V1 to V3 are in the diagram of 9 shown.

The normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area is in the wavelength range from 410 nm to 780 nm 122 the embodiment of a legwear item described above 100 everywhere below the normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted areas of the comparative products V1 to V3 .

For the desired optical effect and to match the color of the skin of the wearer of the legwear 122 it is particularly favorable that the normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _nh at the wavelength 440 nm is preferably at most 0.025 and / or preferably at least 0.020, at the wavelength 540 nm preferably at most 0.028 and / or preferably at least 0.023 and at the wavelength 720 nm is preferably at most 0.040 and / or preferably at least 0.035.

From the wavelength-dependent light transmittance and light reflectance explained above, weighted light transmittance or light reflectance are obtained by averaging the measured values obtained for the respective wavelength-dependent light transmittance or light reflectance over the entire wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm and weighting with the V (λ) distribution. which represents the spectral brightness sensitivity of the human eye for daytime vision at the relevant wavelength λ.

The V (λ) distribution for daytime vision is defined in standard DIN 5031 Part 3 and its course is specified as a function of the wavelength λ.

The weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-normal light transmittance τ _nn , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance T _{V, n-diff} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _n-diff , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal hemispherical light transmittance Tv, nh results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal-hemispheric light transmittance τ _nh , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The weighted normal hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh} results from the averaging of the wavelength-dependent normal hemispheric light reflectance ρ _nh , weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision.

The values of the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn} , the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance T _{V, n-diff} , the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh} and the weighted normal-hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh} for the samples from the knitted areas 122 of the above-described embodiment of a piece of legwear 100 and Comparative Products 1 to 3 are given in the table below. T _{V, nn} T _{V, n-diff} T _{V, nh} R _{V, nh} Comparative product 1 0.73 0.19 0.92 0.0415 Comparative product 2 0.67 0.22 0.90 0.0424 Comparative product 3 0.69 0.21 0.91 0.0334 Embodiment 0.758 0.181 0.938 0.0264

Preferably the knitted area has 122 of the legwear described above 100 a weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn} of at least 0.74, in particular of at least 0.75.

The table shows that the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn of} the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment is greater than the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _V , _{nn of} the knitted area of all comparative products 1 to 3.

Furthermore, it can be seen from the table above that the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment is smaller than the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area of all comparison products 1 to 3 .

The weighted normal diffuse light transmittance T _V , _{n-diff of} the knitted area is preferably 122 of the exemplary embodiment at most 0.18.

Furthermore, it can be seen from the above table that the weighted normal hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment is greater than the weighted normal hemispherical degree of transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted areas of all comparative products 1 to 3.

The weighted normal hemispherical light transmittance is preferably T _{V, nh of} the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment at least 0.93, in particular at least 0.94.

The weighted normal hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh of} the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment is preferably at most 0.03.

As the desired visual effect of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 especially because the normal-normal light transmission and the normal-diffuse light transmission are matched to one another, the quotient Qtt of the weighted normal-normal light transmission T _{V, nn} and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmission Tv, _{n-diff is} a particularly important one Parameters of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 represent.

It applies ${\text{Q}}_{\text{dd}}={\text{t}}_{\text{V}\text{, nn}}{\text{/ T}}_{\text{V}\text{, n-diff}}\text{.}$

The values of Qtt for the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment and for comparative products 1 to 3 are shown in the table below. Q _dd Q _tr Comparative product 1 3.8 22.2 Comparative product 2 3.0 21.2 Comparative product 3 3.3 27.2 Embodiment 4.2 35.5

This table shows that the quotient Qtt in the knitted area 122 of the above-described embodiment of a piece of legwear 100 is significantly larger than the comparison products 1 to 3.

The quotient Qtt of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 is preferably at least 4.0, in particular at least 4.1, and / or preferably at most 6.0, in particular at most 5.0, particularly preferably at most 4.5.

As for the desired look of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 the coordination between the reflection behavior and the transmission behavior of the knitted area is also important, another important photometric parameter is the quotient Q _tr from the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh} and the weighted normal-hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh} .

It applies ${\text{Q}}_{\text{tr}}={\text{T}}_{\text{V}\text{, nh}}/{\text{R.}}_{\text{V}\text{, nh}}.$

The values of the quotient Q _tr for the knitted area 122 of the above-described embodiment of a piece of legwear 100 and for comparative products 1 to 3 are also given in the table above.

The table shows that the quotient Q _tr in the knitted area 122 of the exemplary embodiment is greater than that of all comparative products 1 to 3.

The quotient Q _tr is preferably at least 25, in particular at least 30, particularly preferably at least 35.

Furthermore, the quotient Q _{tr of} the knitted area is 122 of the exemplary embodiment preferably at most 50, in particular at most 45, particularly preferably at most 40.

Another for assessing the transmission behavior of the knitted area 122 of the legwear 100 An important measured variable is the wavelength-dependent and angle-dependent light transmittance τ _θ , which is the ratio of the area knitted by the knitted fabric 122 of the legwear 100 at a given zenith angle Θ is the luminous flux transmitted to the directionally incident luminous flux. The zenith angle Θ is the angle between the respective direction of incidence of the incident light and the normal direction of the knitted area 122 .

A measuring arrangement for determining the wavelength-dependent and angle-dependent light transmittance τ _θ is shown in 10 shown schematically.

That from a light source 134 Light emitted is made by means of a spectrometer 136 detected. Between the light source 134 and the spectrometer 136 is a sample 138 of the knitted area 122 on a rotatable sample holder 140 held so rotatable that a desired zenith angle Θ can be set.

Here is the sample 138 preferably placed taking into account the orientation markings.

How out 10 can be seen, includes the measuring arrangement 142 furthermore a collimation lens 144 and a light guide 146 .

The measuring arrangement 142 is in a dark case 148 arranged with a reflectance of less than 0.1.

The distance between a diffuser through which the light from the light source 134 in the dark case 148 enters, and the collimating lens 144 r = D _D / tan 3 °, where D _D denotes the diameter of the diffuser.

The diameter of the diffuser D _D can be 50 mm, for example.

From the means of the measuring arrangement 142 Measured wavelength-dependent and angle-dependent light transmittance τ _θ is obtained by an averaging weighted with the V (λ) distribution for daytime vision over the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm for each zenith angle Θ a weighted angle-dependent light transmittance T _Θ .

Measured values for the weighted angle-dependent transmittance T _Θ for the knitted area 122 of the above-described embodiment of a piece of legwear 100 (Curve AF ) and for the knitted areas of comparative products 1 to 3 (curves V1 , V2 and V3 ) are in the diagram of 14th shown for zenith angles from 0 ° to 80 °.

The further the sample 138 is rotated, that is, the larger the zenith angle Θ, the lower the weighted angle-dependent light transmittance Te. This is due to the fact that by increasing the zenith angle Θ there is more textile material in the knitted area 122 interacts with the incident light beam, reducing the transmission.

Transferred to the wearing state of an item of legwear, for example fine tights, these areas of higher zenith angles Θ describe the lateral leg areas, seen from a frontal observer. In these areas, the legwear has a greater influence on the perception of the observer.

Out 14th it can be seen that the weighted angle-dependent light transmittance T _Θ for the knitted area 122 of the above-described embodiment of a piece of legwear 100 at all zenith angles Θ is higher than the weighted angle-dependent light transmittance T _Θ in the knitted areas of the comparison products 1 to 3.

This confirms the coordination of normal light transmission and diffuse light transmission on the one hand and of hemispherical light transmission and hemispherical reflection of the knitted area 122 on the other hand achieved a special look of the above-described embodiment of a legwear item 100 .

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN EN 14500 [0104, 0121]
• Standard DIN EN 14500 [0112, 0121]

Claims (19)

Legwear, comprising at least one leg part (110) which comprises a knitted area (122), characterized in that the quotient Qtt of the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn of} the knitted area (122) and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) is at least 4.0. Legwear according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the quotient Q _tr of the weighted normal-hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted area (122) and the weighted normal-hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh of} the knitted area (122) is at least 25. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the quotient Q _tr of the weighted normal hemispherical light transmittance T _{V, nh of} the knitted area (122) and the weighted normal hemispherical light reflectance R _{V, nh of} the knitted area (122) is at most 50. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the quotient Qtt from the weighted normal-normal light transmittance T _{V, nn of} the knitted area (122) and the weighted normal-diffuse light transmittance Tv, _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) is at most 6.0. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 440 nm is at most 0.175. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 440 nm is at least 0.165. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 540 nm is at most 0.185. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 540 nm is at least 0.175. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 720 nm is at most 0.215. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-diffuse light transmittance τ _{n-diff of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 720 nm is at least 0.205. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 440 nm is at most 0.025. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 440 nm is at least 0.020. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 12th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 540 nm is at most 0.028. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 13th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal-hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 540 nm is at least 0.023. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 14th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 720 nm is at most 0.040. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 15th , characterized in that the wavelength-dependent normal hemispherical light reflectance ρ _{nh of} the knitted area (122) at the wavelength 720 nm is at least 0.035. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 16 , characterized in that the knitted area (122) comprises a leg part yarn, the total fineness of which is at most 16 dtex. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 17th , characterized in that the knitted area (122) comprises a leg part yarn which is designed as a bi-component yarn. Legwear according to one of the Claims 1 to 18th , characterized in that the knitted area (122) comprises a leg part yarn which comprises a polyamide material and / or a polyurethane material.

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