DE102019004456B3 - Active charge, in particular penetrator, method for producing an active charge and method for providing an active charge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention creates an explosive charge, in particular a penetrator, with an explosive charge casing and an explosive charge accommodated in the active charge casing, the explosive charge being stored in a floating manner within the active charge casing. The present invention also provides a method for producing such an effective charge and a method for providing such an effective charge for use.

Description

The present invention relates to an effective charge, in particular a penetrator, a method for producing such an effective charge and a method for providing such an effective charge.

Occasionally, an explosive charge is usually prestressed on one side within an active charge envelope by means of a compression system, for example in the form of compressible plastic disks or other mechanical spring systems.

The U.S. 4,063,512 A describes a tandem charge, which has a pre-hollow charge and a main penetrator charge. An impact or buffer pad is provided at the tip between a penetrator shell and an explosive charge of the penetrator in order to protect the explosive charge from the impact when the penetrator nose hits it.

US 2019/0 086 185 A1 describes a modular cartridge for small arms.

The DE 34 01 513 C2 describes the storage of an electronic ignition circuit in a projectile.

Against this background, the present invention is based on the object of creating an improved active charge, in particular a penetrator, with an improved concept for storing the explosive charge in an active charge casing.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a charge with the features of claim 1, by a method for producing a charge with the features of claim 12 and / or a method for providing an active charge with the features of claim 13.

Accordingly, an active charge, in particular a penetrator, is provided. The active charge comprises an active charge casing and an explosive charge accommodated in the active charge casing, the explosive charge being stored in a floating manner within the active charge casing.

In addition, a method for producing an effective charge, in particular an effective charge according to the invention, is provided. The method comprises the steps of: introducing an explosive charge into an active charge casing; and complete filling of the explosive charge envelope with an, in particular incompressible, fluid for the floating storage of the explosive charge within the active charge envelope.

Furthermore, a method for providing an active charge, in particular an active charge according to the invention and / or produced with a method according to the invention, is provided, wherein a particularly incompressible fluid that floats an explosive charge in an active charge envelope is pressurized.

The idea on which the present invention is based is to store an explosive charge in a floating manner within an active charge casing. In this way, a change in the volume of the explosive charge, for example due to any compression on impact, due to the explosion of a possible pre-charge, due to the setting of an explosive charge, due to different thermal expansions of the explosive and shell over the operating temperature range or for other reasons, can be easily achieved by a Explosive charge stored fluid are balanced. Conventional compression systems are therefore no longer necessary according to the invention. Advantageously, no signs of aging can therefore occur in storage.

Overall, in this way an undesired formation of an air gap, in particular in the front area near the tip, but also in the rear area near the ignition system, is avoided in every operational situation. According to the invention, optimal transmission of shock waves between the explosive charge and the active charge envelope is therefore always guaranteed during use. The so-called “shock wave trapping” is thus avoided by the design of the casing and / or explosive charge according to the invention. This leads to an increase in the shock wave susceptibility of the explosive charge.

The solution according to the invention can be used, for example, both for so-called tandem penetrator systems, which mostly have a pre-charge, for example a pre-hollow charge, and a main penetrator charge, and, for example, for so-called mono-penetrators (without pre-charge). In addition, the present invention can also be used for other active systems which, for example, are not subject to any penetration requirement, in particular if there are compression requirements for the explosive charge contained. For example, there are also other types of active charges with compression systems for stabilizing the storage of the explosive charge, which can be replaced with the floating storage according to the invention.

The fluid is preferably provided as an incompressible fluid. In particular, it is a liquid. Depending on the expected change in volume, the floating bearing can be provided with an expansion tank.

Complete filling of the active charge envelope with an incompressible fluid is to be understood in particular to mean that after the active charge envelope has been closed there is no air in the interior of the active charge envelope which is closed by a closure. Depending on the design of the closure, it can therefore dip into the fluid during the closure and / or allow any air to escape.

The fluid which is floating, in particular incompressible, is preferably under a predetermined pressure. This can, for example, already be applied during the production of the active charge, so that the active charge is stored in the pressurized state until it is used. No readjustments, venting or the like are therefore necessary for deployment.

Alternatively or additionally, the fluid can only be pressurized when the active charge is ready for use, also referred to as “arming”. In this way, on the one hand, production steps for the application of pressure can be saved and, on the other hand, the requirements for tightness for storage can be reduced. Overall, a sealing system can therefore be designed more simply and, in particular, more specifically designed for the period of use.

A wide variety of pressure systems are conceivable for pressurizing the fluid. For example, one embodiment can be a low pressure system. This can, for example, have a pressure accumulator separated from an expansion tank by a membrane. Such low-pressure systems can be used in particular in active systems with comparatively slow or less dynamic processes, for example in the case of ammunition.

Another embodiment can be a high pressure system. Here, on the one hand, designs with a similar membrane are conceivable, but a fluid flow in particular is only provided in a preferred direction facing away from the membrane. Such systems are suitable, for example, for highly dynamic or very fast processes. Of course, less dynamic processes can also be implemented with it.

Alternatively, according to yet another embodiment, high pressure systems without a membrane are also conceivable. In this case, a preferred direction can be dispensed with, such systems being suitable, for example, for medium-speed processes. Of course, it can also be used to implement less dynamic processes.

All printing systems are suitable for both large and small active systems or active charges.

Advantageous refinements and developments emerge from the further subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

According to the invention, the active charge envelope is designed as a pressure vessel and the explosive charge is received in a pressurized fluid. In particular, it is an incompressible fluid, for example a hydraulic fluid. A conventional compression system can advantageously be completely replaced in this way. In particular, the explosive charge is completely surrounded by the fluid. In this way, changes in volume can be compensated for on all sides.

According to one development, the fluid contains a hydraulic fluid. In particular, it is a hydraulic oil, preferably silicone oil. Hydraulic fluids have a high resistance to aging and a high level of wetting and adhesive properties. Further properties include a high flash point, a low pour point, good compatibility with seals and freedom from resins and acids. In addition, hydraulic fluids have only a small temperature influence on the viscosity (both dynamic and kinematic viscosity), an (at least quasi) incompressibility and low shear stability and low foaming. In this way, the permanent functionality of the active charge is guaranteed, possibly even after a long storage period, in particular also for highly dynamic processes.

According to one embodiment, the fluid in the charge envelope is under high pressure. In particular, a pressure of> 100 bar is referred to as high pressure. In particular, the high pressure can be provided over the entire temperature range. The high pressure can for example be at least between 100 bar and 200 bar. Alternatively or additionally, high pressure is applied over an operating temperature range of up to 100 ° C as the upper limit. In a preferred embodiment, the application temperature range extends up to 85 ° C, particularly preferably up to 71 ° C. A lower limit of the operating temperature range can be, for example, minus 60 ° C., preferably minus 54 °. At the lower limit, the pressure is in particular still high enough to rule out cavitation of the fluid even with high dynamics. Preferably, the lower limit is also high pressure. Alternatively or additionally you can In the operating temperature range, especially at the highest temperatures in the operating range, maximum steady-state pressures of up to 1000 bar in the active charge envelope result in what this is designed for. Maximum steady-state pressures of up to 600 bar are preferred. Pressure peaks of up to 1.5 kbar can occur locally and transiently, especially during dynamic processes such as detonation of a pre-charge or pre-hollow charge or penetration of a hard target structure. Maximum pressure peaks of up to 1 kbar are preferred. Dynamic limit loads of the active charge envelope can for example be in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 kbar.

According to the invention, a pressure system is provided for regulating a predetermined pressure that is present within the active charge envelope. In this way, a predetermined pressure is advantageously maintained, in particular permanently or from the filling and / or venting of the pressure system.

According to one embodiment, the pressure system has a pressurized fluid reservoir which is fluidically connected to the active charge envelope. In particular, a predetermined channel is provided from the liquid reservoir into an interior of the active charge casing. In this way, comparatively large volume compensations can also advantageously be carried out.

According to one embodiment, the pressure system has a pressure accumulator which is operatively connected to the fluid reservoir. In this way, the active charge envelope is advantageously always supplied with pressurized fluid for volume compensation. In particular, the pressure accumulator is operatively connected to the fluid reservoir via a pressure membrane provided for operative connection. In this way, comparatively high pressures can advantageously be maintained permanently and applied to the fluid.

The pressure accumulator can in particular be filled independently of the fluid reservoir, for example with its own pressure valve. Readjustments of the pressure in the pressure accumulator and thus also of the fluid pressure are thus advantageously made possible.

According to one embodiment, the active charge envelope is designed as a penetrator envelope and the fluid reservoir is designed to compensate for rapid volume compressions of the explosive charge when a target structure is perforated. In this way, a change in volume when the penetrator nose strikes a target structure can be compensated for, and thus the formation of a gap can be effectively avoided.

According to one embodiment, the fluidic connection has a preferred direction from the liquid reservoir to the active charge envelope. In particular, a predetermined channel is provided from the liquid reservoir into an interior space of the charge envelope which is only permeable in one direction. In this way, an overstressing of a possible pressure accumulator, in particular a pressure membrane, is advantageously avoided. For example, the preferred direction can be defined with a check valve, which keeps a pressure wave kicking back after an impact away from the fluid reservoir.

Alternatively or additionally, the preferred direction can be defined with a Teslav valve. This has a low flow resistance in the preferred direction and a greatly increased flow resistance in the opposite direction, so that any pressure wave is prevented from kicking back or at least strongly damped. As an alternative or in addition, a flap that opens on one side can be provided to define the preferred direction. In particular, this can be arranged at an outlet opening of the fluidic connection of the fluid reservoir to the active charge envelope or an interior of the active charge envelope. Thus, an inlet is blocked, in particular completely, in a direction opposite to the preferred direction.

According to one embodiment, the pressure system is designed to be integrated into a detonator receptacle introduced into the active charge casing. The detonator receptacle can in particular be a rear closure of the charge envelope. This enables a compact design that does not go beyond conventional compression systems. In particular, in this way the tightness of the system can also be ensured in a comparatively simple manner, for example by means of an O-ring seal, preferably provided twice, between the active charge casing and the detonator receptacle. Furthermore, in this way all connections, in particular inlet and / or pressure filling and / or venting valves, can be integrated into the igniter receptacle or attached to it. The shape of the active charge envelope is therefore advantageously not influenced by the printing system, in particular in comparison to conventional active charges.

According to one embodiment, the fluid has an impedance that is similar or almost the same as that of the explosive charge, so that starting from the ignition system, in particular a booster charge of the ignition system (also referred to as a “booster”), the explosive charge is initiated only via a shock wave transmitted by the fluid is made possible. One is therefore advantageous Initiation made possible through the fluid without additional measures.

Alternatively or additionally, at least one volume section between an ignition system provided in the detonator receptacle and the explosive charge is provided with an element that keeps the volume section free from the fluid. In particular, the element that keeps the volume section free from the fluid can be arranged between a booster charge of the ignition system and the explosive charge. In particular, this also ensures reliable initiation in the event of high impedance differences between the fluid and the explosive charge. By displacing the liquid, the initiation spectrum for initiating the explosive charge is therefore advantageously expanded, in particular from the conventional shock wave initiation to an impact initiation that is now additionally possible. In this way, a direct or undamped impact of part of the ignition system, in particular the booster charge, preferably a bottom of a booster shell, in the explosive charge is made possible. Reliable initiation is thus guaranteed regardless of any impedance differences.

The element that keeps the volume section free of the liquid is preferably designed in such a way that it takes along or compensates for any volume changes in the volume section. According to one embodiment, the element is a gas-filled balloon. Alternatively or additionally, it can be a gas-filled cushion or a gas-filled bellows, in particular bellows.

According to one embodiment, a volume surrounded by the active charge casing is larger than a volume of the explosive charge, so that a fluid film between the active charge casing and the explosive charge has a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. Preferably the thickness of the film is in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Particularly preferred thicknesses are in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm. In this way it is ensured that the fluid film does not tear off and that volume compensation is possible. Correspondingly, in particular, an inside diameter of the active charge envelope is made locally larger by twice the amount of the fluid film than the associated local diameter of the explosive charge.

According to one embodiment of the method for producing the active charge, a step of pressurizing the fluid is also provided. In this way, the active charge can be stored in the pressurized state and thus made ready for use without further measures.

Alternatively, this step of pressure filling can also only be carried out during the preparation for use, which can be provided at a different point and at a different time than the production. In this way, the pressure tightness, in particular in the case of a high-pressure system, advantageously needs to be provided over significantly shorter periods of time, in particular only over maximum periods of use and not over maximum possible storage periods. In particular, seals, threads and the like can be designed accordingly less rigid. In this way, for example, design criteria relating to creep can advantageously take a back seat to strength.

According to one embodiment, a step of venting and / or pressure filling a pressure system for regulating a predetermined pressure present within the active charge envelope is also provided. Accordingly, the active charge envelope filled with fluid is initially closed during manufacture, for example with a closure designed as a detonator receptacle. The pressure system can then only be put into operation downstream by venting and / or pressure filling. This can also be done already for the production or only for the deployment of the active charge.

The above configurations and developments can be combined with one another as desired, provided that it makes sense. In particular, all of the features of the active charge can be transferred to the process for their production, and vice versa. Further possible configurations, developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations, not explicitly mentioned, of features of the invention described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.

• 1 eine beispielhafte Penetrator-Tandem-Ladung;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Transmission von Schockwellen in die Penetratorhülle bei Detonation der Vorladung;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Perforation eines Penetrators durch ein Strukturziel;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Wirkladung;
• 5 eine Schnittdarstellung einer als Penetrator ausgebildeten Wirkladung;
• 6 eine Detaildarstellung eines Drucksystems einer Wirkladung gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
• 7 eine Detaildarstellung einer Hochdruckvariante eines Drucksystems einer Wirkladung;
• 8 eine Detaildarstellung einer Hochdruckvariante eines Drucksystems einer Wirkladung mit Vorzugsrichtung;
• 9 eine Detaildarstellung einer Hochdruckvariante eines Drucksystems mit Vorzugsrichtung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform; und
• 10 eine Detaildarstellung einer weiteren Variante eines Drucksystems einer Wirkladung mit einem von Fluid freien Volumenabschnitt.

The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments specified in the schematic figures. It shows:

• 1 an exemplary penetrator tandem charge;
• 2 a schematic representation of the transmission of shock waves into the penetrator sheath upon detonation of the summons;
• 3 a schematic representation of the perforation of a penetrator by a structural target;
• 4th a schematic representation of an active charge according to the invention;
• 5 a sectional view of an active charge designed as a penetrator;
• 6th a detailed representation of a printing system of an active charge according to an embodiment;
• 7th a detailed representation of a high-pressure variant of a pressure system of an active charge;
• 8th a detailed representation of a high pressure variant of a pressure system of an active charge with a preferred direction;
• 9 a detailed representation of a high pressure variant of a printing system with preferred direction according to a further embodiment; and
• 10 a detailed representation of a further variant of a pressure system of an active charge with a volume section free of fluid.

The accompanying figures are intended to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention. They illustrate embodiments and, in conjunction with the description, serve to explain principles and concepts of the invention. Other embodiments and many of the advantages mentioned emerge with a view to the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale with one another.

In the figures of the drawing, identical, functionally identical and identically acting elements, features and components - unless otherwise stated - are each provided with the same reference symbols.

1 shows an exemplary penetrator tandem charge 100 .

This tandem penetrator charge is purely exemplary 100 the mechanism of action of shock waves when detonating a subpoena 102 explained.

The tandem penetrator charge 100 has a bulk charge 103 and an upstream subpoena 102 on. The main charge 103 is here as a penetrator charge and the subpoena 102 designed as a shaped charge.

A penetrator tip 105 is the summons 102 facing. It is designed to be comparatively blunt, as this is advantageous for optimal penetration performance. A penetrator sheath 104 extends from the top 105 up to a rear locking thread 106 in which a lock 109 with a safety device SE and an ignition system ZS is installed. Between the closure 109 and the explosive charge 111 the penetrator charge 103 is also a compression element 101 to compress the explosive charge 111 intended. The compression serves to avoid an air gap between the explosive charge 111 and penetrator sheath 104 .

The summons 102 in this example is conventionally as a pre-shaped charge with a shaped charge cone 110 and behind it arranged explosive charge 112 as well as ignition system 108 designed as it is known per se to the person skilled in the art and requires no further explanation.

2 shows a schematic representation of the transmission of shock waves 107 in the envelope 104 if the summons detonated 102 .

By detonating the summons 102 are shock waves as a side effect 107 through the air into the penetrator sleeve 104 coupled. The comparatively blunt shape of the tip thus results in an increased coupling of shock waves 107 in the envelope 104 . These shock waves 107 run in the penetrator sheath 104 further back, are reflected there and hit the thread several times 106 and the shutter 109 or the safety device SE and the ignition system ZS.

A certain proportion 107 ' the shock waves 107 continues from the shell into the explosive charge 111 transmitted, which dampens the shock waves 107 is desirable. The amount of this transmitted portion depends on several factors, in particular on whether there is continuous flush contact between the explosive charge 111 and the shell 104 present. Another factor is the geometry at the interface between the shell 104 and the explosive charge 111 especially in the tip area 105 . Furthermore, the degree of transmission also depends on the impedance difference present at the interface, ie on the difference in the shock wave impedance of the materials of the shell 104 and the explosive charge 111 .

$$\text{Us}=\text{c}+\text{up}$$

p = Materialdichte, Us = Schockwellengeschwindigkeit, c = Schallgeschwindigkeit,
up = PartikelgeschwindigkeitEvery material has an intrinsic shock wave impedance, which is derived as follows: $$\text{I.}=\mathrm{\rho }*\text{Us}$$

$$\text{Us}=\text{c}+\text{up}$$

p = material density, Us = shock wave speed, c = speed of sound,
up = particle velocity

This results in a shock wave pressure p: $$\text{p}=\text{I.}*\text{up}$$

At material transitions or seams of different materials there are density leaps and thus also impedance leaps, which leads to partial shock wave transmissions and reflections.

The ones in the explosive charge 111 transmitted shock waves 107 ' are distributed over the comparatively large volume of the explosive charge 111 and are also advantageously steamed in it. Thus results in the explosive charge 111 a slowed propagation of the shock waves 107 ' .

3 shows a schematic representation of the perforation of a penetrator 200 through a structural goal 204 .

By the blow of the tip impact 205 the penetrator sheath 201 becomes the explosive charge 203 inside the penetrator sheath 201 heavily compressed. This creates a change in volume 206 the explosive charge 203 in a rear area between the closure 202 and the explosive charge 203 .

Both when a pre-hollow charge detonates 102 as well as in the event of an impact with a penetrator sheath 201 and in all other operational situations, an air gap between the explosive charge and the penetrator casing should be avoided in order to always ensure an optimal transmission of shock waves between the explosive charge and the penetrator casing and also a reliable ignition or overfire on the explosive charge. Furthermore, vibrations back of the explosive charge should be reduced after its compression.

According to the invention, an explosive charge is used for this purpose 3 within a real charge envelope 2 floating. In this way, a change in volume of the explosive charge 3 in a simple way through the explosive charge 3 stored fluid 4th be balanced in any situation. A conventional compression system is no longer necessary. In addition to penetrators, this can in principle also be applied to other types of active charges.

4th shows a schematic representation of an active charge according to the invention 1 .

At the actual charge 1 it is, for example, a penetrator 10 . alternatively, however, it can also be a different active system.

The real charge 1 has an active charge envelope 2 on. The real charge envelope 2 preferably has a nose 11 and a clasp 12 on. In the real charge case 2 is an explosive charge 3 recorded, with the explosive charge 3 within the real charge envelope 2 is floating. A fluid is inside the active charge envelope for floating storage 4th provided, which is particularly incompressible and the explosive charge 3 , at least essentially, completely surrounds.

Preferably the fluid is 4th applied to a predetermined pressure. The real charge envelope 2 is accordingly as a pressure vessel and the closure 12 designed as a pressure lock or pressure-resistant lock.

To produce such an effective charge 1 In a first step, an explosive charge is made 3 in a real charge case 2 brought in. A second step consists in completely filling up the active charge envelope 2 with an incompressible fluid 4th for floating storage of the explosive charge 3 within the real charge envelope 2 . Complete filling is to be understood as meaning that after the active charge envelope has been closed there is no air in the interior of the active charge envelope which is closed off by the closure.

Optionally, there is also a step of pressurizing the fluid directly during production 4th intended. Alternatively or additionally, the explosive charge can be used 3 in the real charge case 2 floating incompressible fluid 4th can also only be pressurized for the deployment of the active charge.

5 shows a sectional view of a penetrator 10 trained real charge 1 .

The real charge envelope 2 is accordingly as a penetrator cover 11 formed and has a tip at its front end 15th and a clasp at its rear end 12 on. The summit 15th is designed as a blunt penetrator tip.

The closure 12 is has an external thread as a safety device 20th on, which has an internal thread 22nd the penetrator sheath 11 is engaged. Furthermore, the closure 12 designed as a fuse holder, in which an ignition system 16 is integrated.

In addition, there is a printing system 5 of the penetrator 10 for regulating a predetermined one within the penetrator sheath 11 applied pressure of the fluid 4th intended. The one through the printing system 5 applied fluid pressure is applied to the explosive charge 3 surrounding bold arrows symbolizes and acts on the explosive charge 3 fully. Any volume shifts within the charge envelope 2 or any changes in the volume of the explosive charge 3 will thus directly through the pressurized fluid 4th balanced.

The printing system 5 is here as an example in the fuse holder 12 integrated trained. The penetrator sheath 11 thus remains unchanged compared to a conventional penetrator. Various exemplary embodiments of such printing systems are described below 5 described in more detail. Of course, these pressure systems can also be applied to other active systems.

6th shows a detailed representation of a printing system 5 a real charge 1 according to one embodiment.

The printing system 5 here has a pressurized fluid reservoir 6th on which via a channel 17th with an interior of the charge envelope 2 in which the explosive charge 3 is received, is fluidically connected. Unless it is a penetrator 10 acts or the active charge envelope 2 as a penetrator sheath 11 is formed, the fluid reservoir can in this way 6th to compensate for rapid volume compression of the explosive charge 3 when a target structure is perforated 204 are provided.

To maintain the pressure, the pressure system 5 a pressure accumulator 7th on, which has a pressure membrane 8th with the fluid reservoir 6th is effectively connected. The fluid 4th can thus as needed and with a predetermined pressure from the fluid reservoir 6th across the canal 17th into the real charge envelope 2 and possibly also be funded back again.

The fluid 4th fills the entire space 9 between explosive charge 3 , Real charge cover 2 and fuse holder 12 out. The fluid preferably has 4th one compared to the explosive in the charge 3 similar or almost the same impedance, so that based on the ignition system 16 an initiation of the explosive charge 3 only one through the fluid 4th transmitted shock wave is made possible without additional measures.

The embodiment shown is a low-pressure variant, for example with a predetermined pressure of the fluid 4th in the range from 5 bar to 20 bar, which is applied by the pressure accumulator. In such low-pressure systems, the stability of the membrane is sufficient 8th to compensate for volume changes and it needs to be on the channel 17th no valve, non-return valve or the like are provided. Thus, in the event of an overpressure, it is within the active charge envelope 2 also a compensation by recirculation of fluid 4th into the fluid reservoir 6th enables. The pressure membrane becomes accordingly 8th in this case displaced by the overpressure.

The printing system 5 also has a pressure valve 18th and a vent valve 19th on. Via the pressure valve 18th the predetermined or operational pressure in the pressure accumulator 7th and the fluid chamber 6th regulate and adjust. The vent valve 19th can on the one hand for the first filling of the pressure system 5 and on the other hand to vent the pressure system 5 can be used.

To produce an effective charge with such a printing system 5 is thus a step of venting and / or pressure filling a pressure system 5 for regulating a predetermined one within the charge envelope 2 applied pressure provided.

With the fluid 4th it is in particular a fluid, preferably a hydraulic fluid such as silicone oil. The required fluid volume can be determined by adding up the volumes of all cavities as well as all potential changes in volume. Possible factors here are, for example, temperature changes over the area of application, processes that are dependent on time such as so-called explosives setting, dynamic processes such as explosives compression in the event of an impact, any manufacturing tolerances and the like. An absolute amount of the required fluid volume, including the named volume changes, therefore also depends largely on the size of the active system.

The thickness of the liquid film between the explosive charge and the shell should be in the millimeter range. For this purpose, a volume surrounded by the explosive charge casing is larger than a volume of the explosive charge, so that a fluid film between the explosive charge casing and the explosive charge has a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm. Film thicknesses in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm, are preferred. In slower processes, the film can be thinner within these areas, and thicker in faster processes.

The liquid reservoir 6th can in particular be designed in a ring-shaped circumferential manner. Alternatively, a single fluid reservoir arranged only locally on the circumference or a plurality of locally arranged fluid reservoirs would also be conceivable.

In particular, a multiplicity of channels, for example distributed over the circumference, can be used 17th for the fluidic connection of the liquid reservoir 6th with the real charge cover 2 be provided.

A diameter of the channel 17th can also be in the millimeter range, ie in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm. In particular, the diameter of the channel 17th to the intended speed of the volume and pressure variations of the pressure system 5 adapted trained.

7th shows a detailed representation of a high pressure variant of a printing system 5 a real charge 1 .

The high pressure variant differs from the low pressure variant according to 6th especially in that no pressure accumulator 7th with pressure membrane 8th is provided. Instead, is a volume of the fluid reservoir 6th both around the area of the pressure accumulator and in the area of the duct 17th enlarged and the fluid is under a significantly higher pressure. The fluid is preferably standing 4th in the real charge case 2 here under high pressure of> 100 bar, typically in a range from about 100 bar to 200 bar. With the real charge case 2 it is accordingly a high pressure container and the ignition receiver 12 around a high pressure cap.

With such a high-pressure system, much faster changes in volume can advantageously be compensated for without the risk of damaging a membrane. In particular, the inertia of the printing system 5 thus greatly reduced.

The high pressure remains within the pressure system 5 Maintained over the entire operating temperature range. In particular, the pressure also remains high enough at the lower end of the operating temperature range, which begins, for example, at down to -60 ° C., in particular at minus 54 °, to prevent cavitation of the fluid even when the volume changes 4th sure to avoid.

Due to different thermal expansion coefficients of the fluid 4th and the real charge envelope 2 the pressure can rise sharply up to the upper end of the operating temperature range, which ends, for example, at up to 100.degree. C., preferably at up to 85.degree. C., particularly preferably at 71.degree. Thus, the steady-state pressure in the operating temperature range can rise to up to 1000 bar, preferably up to 600 bar.

In the case of dynamic loads, for example the detonation of a pre-charge or the penetration of a hard target structure, pressure peaks above this can also occur, for example up to 1.5 kbar, preferably up to 1 kbar. The real charge envelope 2 and the shutter 12 are accordingly designed for suitable limit loads, for example from 1.5 kbar to 2 kbar. In particular, general design criteria for pressure vessels known to those skilled in the art can be used for this purpose. For example, such general design criteria are laid down in the EN 13445 standard.

8th shows a detailed representation of a high pressure variant of a printing system 5 a real charge 1 with preferred direction.

This embodiment is a high-pressure variant, which in contrast to 7th a pressure accumulator 7th which has a pressure membrane 8th the fluid reservoir 6th applied with high pressure. The fluid reservoir 6th is also with a so-called Teslav valve 14th provided, which is the preferred direction for the fluid from the fluid reservoir 6th to the real charge envelope 2 Are defined. In addition, there is also an outlet of the fluid reservoir 6th to an interior space of the charge envelope 2 a one-sided opening flap 15th intended.

In this embodiment, no separate fluid channel is provided in order to prevent larger fluid volumes under high pressure from flowing back during decompression of the explosive charge after detonation of a pre-charge or after the impact of the active charge, in particular penetrator. During the perforation process, a penetrator is strongly decelerated and the explosive charge is compressed accordingly. Since this volume reduction is compensated for by the liquid reservoir, the fluid swings back in a damped manner when the explosive charge is subsequently decompressed or is dynamically pressed back. The Teslav valve 14th however, points in the preferred direction from the fluid reservoir 6th into the real charge envelope 2 a low flow resistance and in the opposite direction a greatly increased flow resistance, so that a possible pressure wave is prevented from kicking back or at least strongly damped. This is how the pressure membrane becomes 8th Protected against excessive stress and also avoids cavitation in the interior of the active charge envelope. The flap that opens on one side also limits the maximum amplitude of a pressure wave returning to the Teslav valve.

9 shows a detailed representation of a high pressure variant of a printing system with a preferred direction according to a further embodiment.

Same as in relation to 8th described, here is also a pressure accumulator 7th including pressure membrane 8th intended. The embodiment shown differs, however, with regard to the implementation of the preferred direction, which is here by a check valve 13 is defined. This only allows a flow in the preferred direction from the fluid reservoir 6th to the real charge envelope 2 and prevents the fluid from flowing back 4th entirely.

10 shows a detailed representation of a further variant of a printing system 5 a real charge 1 with one of fluid 4th free volume section 23 .

Purely by way of example, the embodiment shown is essentially the low-pressure variant according to FIG 6th . The provision of a free volume section is similar 23 however, according to each of the high pressure variants 7th to 9 transferable.

The one from the fluid 4th free volume section 23 is between that in the detonator mount 12 intended ignition system 16 and the explosive charge 3 arranged and with a volume section 23 from the liquid-free element 24 provided, which is shown here only schematically. In particular, it is a gas-filled element, such as a balloon or bellows that is sufficiently stable for the pressures applied.

The element 24 holds the volume section 23 between a booster charge 25th the ignition system 16 , also known as a so-called "booster", and the explosive charge 3 of the fluid 4th free. In this way, reliable initiation is also achieved in the event of high impedance differences between the fluid 4th and the explosive charge 3 guaranteed. The displacement of the liquid results in a direct or undamped impact of part of the booster 25th , preferably the bottom of a booster case, in the explosive charge 3 allows for initiation. In particular, in the case of large impedance differences, this avoids a high proportion of shock waves at the boundary layer between the fluid 4th and the explosive charge 3 is reflected back.

Although the present invention has been fully described above on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not restricted thereto, but rather can be modified in a variety of ways.

In all of the configurations according to the invention, the fluid volume is sealed off from the outside world over the entire life cycle. Furthermore, according to the invention, reliable ignition and initiation of the explosive charge is provided.

A redundant seal can be provided on the inside of the envelope in front of the load-bearing thread in which the closure engages, both in the case of low pressure, but in particular also in the case of high pressure variants. For example, two O-rings can be provided for this purpose.

List of reference symbols

1

Real charge

2

Real charge cover

3

Explosive charge

4th

Fluid

5

Printing system

6

Fluid reservoir

7th

Pressure accumulator

8th

Pressure membrane

9

Space

10

Penetrator

11

Penetrator sheath

12

Closure or fuse holder

13

check valve

14th

Teslav valve

15th

flap

16

Ignition system

17th

channel

18th

Pressure valve

19th

Vent valve

20th

External thread

21st

top

22nd

inner thread

23

Volume section

24

element

25th

booster

100

Tandem penetrator charge

101

Compression element

102

Subpoena

103

Main charge

104

Penetrator sheath

105

Penetrator tip

106

Locking thread

107.107 '

Shock waves

108

Ignition system

109

Clasp

110

Shaped charge cone

111

Explosive charge

200

Penetrator

201

Penetrator sheath

202

Clasp

203

Explosive charge

204

Structural objective

205

top

206

Volume change

Claims (13)

Active charge (1), in particular penetrator (10), with: a charge envelope (2); and an explosive charge (3) accommodated in the active charge casing (2), the explosive charge (3) being floating within the active charge casing (2), the active charge casing (2) being designed as a pressure vessel and the explosive charge (3) in a pressurized one Fluid (4) is received, and wherein a pressure system (5) is provided for regulating a predetermined pressure within the active charge envelope (2). Actual charge after Claim 1 , wherein the explosive charge (3) is received in an incompressible fluid (4). Actual charge after Claim 1 or 2 , the explosive charge (3) being completely surrounded by the fluid (4). Active charge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid (4) in the active charge casing (2) is under high pressure, in particular under a high pressure of> 100 bar and / or over an operating temperature range of up to 100 ° C, preferably up to 85 ° C , particularly preferably up to 71 ° C., and / or at maximum stationary pressures in the operating temperature range of up to 1000 bar, preferably up to 600 bar. Active charge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure system (5) has a pressurized fluid reservoir (6) which is fluidically connected to the active charge envelope (2). Actual charge after Claim 5 wherein the pressure system (5) has a pressure accumulator (7) which is operatively connected to the fluid reservoir (6), in particular via a pressure membrane (8). Actual charge after Claim 5 or 6th wherein the active charge envelope (2) is designed as a penetrator envelope (11) and the fluid reservoir (6) is designed to compensate for rapid volume compressions of the explosive charge (3) when a target structure (214) is perforated. Real charge according to one of the Claims 5 to 7th , wherein the fluidic connection has a preferred direction from the liquid reservoir (6) to the charge envelope (2), in particular a preferred direction defined with a non-return valve and / or Teslav valve (13; 14) and / or with a flap (15) that opens on one side. Active charge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure system is designed to be integrated into a detonator receptacle (12) introduced into the active charge casing. Actual charge after Claim 9 , the fluid having an impedance that is similar or almost the same as that of the explosive charge and / or wherein at least one volume segment (23) between an ignition system (16) provided in the detonator receptacle (12) and the explosive charge (3) with a volume segment ( 23) is provided from the fluid (4) keeping element (24) free. Active charge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a volume surrounded by the active charge casing (2) is larger than a volume of the explosive charge (3), so that a fluid film between the active charge casing (2) and the explosive charge (3) has a thickness in the range of 0, 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm. A method for producing an active charge (1), in particular an active charge according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: Introducing an explosive charge (3) into an active charge casing (2); and complete filling of the active charge casing (2) with a fluid (4) for floating storage of the explosive charge (3) within the active charge casing (2), further comprising a step of pressurizing the fluid (4), and further comprising a step of venting and / or pressure filling of a pressure system (5) is provided for regulating a predetermined pressure present within the active charge envelope (2). A method for providing an active charge (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 and / or produced with a method according to Claim 12 wherein a fluid (4) which floats an explosive charge (3) in an active charge casing (2) is pressurized.

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