DE102018221281A1 - Refrigeration system for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a refrigeration system (1) for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit (2) that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation, and comprises an evaporator branch (3.1) with an evaporator (3) used to condition a supply air flow (L) supplied to the vehicle interior. and an expansion element (AE1) assigned to the evaporator (3), a refrigerant compressor (5), an external air-refrigerant heat exchanger (6) as a refrigerant condenser or gas cooler, a heating branch (2.2) with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4), with which the supply air flow (L) supplied to the vehicle interior can be heated in heat pump operation, at least one heat source (5, 6, 9) whose heat in heat pump operation can be transferred to the supply air flow (L) by means of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4), and one Storage heat exchanger (7) with at least one heat-storing fluid-absorbing and closed chamber, wherein for the transfer of W arms from the heating branch (2.2) on the storage heat exchanger (7) which is thermally coupled to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2). It is further provided according to the invention that instead of the heat storage exchanger (7.1), a heat storage register (8) arranged in a coolant circuit (8.0) is provided.

Description

The invention relates to a refrigeration system for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation.

It is known that vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, are equipped with an air conditioning system which can be operated in a cooling mode as well as in a heating or heat pump mode. In cooling mode, the refrigerant circuit is designed so that a refrigerant compressor, an external condenser or gas cooler that is operatively connected to a cooling fan, an expansion valve and an interior evaporator are flowed through in the direction of flow of the refrigerant, the interior evaporator being part of an air conditioning unit of the Vehicle, which has a heating register for heat pump operation in addition to the interior evaporator. A supply air flow led through the air conditioning unit is conditioned for the vehicle interior by means of the interior evaporator and the heating register. Instead of the heating register, an air-water heat exchanger can also be arranged in the air conditioning device, which is thermally coupled via a water circuit, for example, to an internal combustion engine for transferring its waste heat to the supply air flow.

In addition to at least one interior evaporator, electrified vehicles require a separate coolant circuit for conditioning and temperature control of the energy store, which is generally implemented as a high-voltage battery. Such a coolant circuit is coupled to the refrigerant circuit by means of a heat exchanger, such a heat exchanger in turn also being designed as an evaporator for cooling an air stream or as a so-called chiller for cooling water. In addition to the external condenser or gas cooler, such a heat exchanger is also used as a heat source for realizing a heat pump function.

Furthermore, it is known that, depending on the heating requirement in an air conditioning system, an electrical auxiliary heater based on a low-voltage on-board voltage of, for example, 12V or 48V or on the basis of a high-voltage voltage of 200V to 1kV is used.

If a heating register supplied with heat by means of a heat pump is operated without an active electrical auxiliary heater, there is a risk that if the heat pump and thus the heating register are briefly switched off, for example 3 or more seconds, the temperature of the supply air flow led into the vehicle interior will drop quickly can occur, which leads to loss of comfort.

From the EP 2 161 514 A1 an electrical auxiliary heater for a vehicle is known. This auxiliary heater has a plurality of heating registers, each with a heating element, which are arranged in a frame with a front side and a rear side, a heating register on the front side and a further heating register on the rear side of the frame being arranged offset to one another.

The DE 10 2012 024 080 A1 describes an air conditioning device for a hybrid or electric vehicle, in which a refrigerant circuit for air conditioning a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior is coupled via a coupling circuit to a low-temperature cooling circuit for cooling a battery arrangement provided for the power supply of an electric motor of the vehicle. This enables indirect heat transfer from the low-temperature cooling circuit to the refrigerant circuit and thus to the supply air flow. Furthermore, an electrical auxiliary heater is provided both in the low-temperature cooling circuit and in the refrigerant circuit. This makes it possible to heat the battery arrangement to a desired operating temperature, in particular during a stationary charging process, using an external power source. Since the battery arrangement has a comparatively large thermal mass, the battery arrangement can also be used as a heat store.

The DE 102 07 344 A1 describes a method and an apparatus for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine for heating the interior of the vehicle. A coolant circuit of the internal combustion engine has an air-coolant heat exchanger for conditioning a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior. An electrical auxiliary heater is arranged downstream both in the coolant circuit and on the air side of the air / coolant heat exchanger. The internal combustion engine serves as a heat buffer for the electrical auxiliary heater arranged in the coolant circuit, in particular when the internal combustion engine is cold started.

The object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration system for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation, with which a brief drop in the temperature of a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior is prevented, but at least is damped.

This object is achieved by a refrigeration system with the features of claim 1 and the features of claim 9.

• - einen Verdampferzweig mit einem zur Konditionierung eines dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Zuluftstroms eingesetzten Verdampfer und ein dem Verdampfer zugeordnetes Expansionsorgan,
• - einen Kältemittelverdichter,
• - einen äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager als Kältemittelkondensator oder Gaskühler,
• - einen Heizzweig mit einem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager, mit welchem der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführte Zuluftstrom im Wärmepumpenbetrieb erwärmbar ist,
• - wenigstens eine Wärmequelle, deren Wärme im Wärmepumpenbetrieb mittels des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers auf den Zuluftstrom übertragbar ist, und
• -einen Speicherwärmeübertragermit wenigstens einer ein wärmespeicherndes Fluid aufnehmenden und geschlossenen Kammer, wobei zur Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Heizzweig auf den Speicherwärmeübertrager derselbe mit dem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager des Heizzweiges thermisch gekoppelt ist.

Such a refrigeration system for a vehicle with one for a refrigeration system operation and one According to the first-mentioned solution, the refrigerant circuit that can be operated in heat pump operation comprises:

• an evaporator branch with an evaporator used to condition a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior and an expansion element assigned to the evaporator,
• - a refrigerant compressor,
• - an external air-refrigerant heat exchanger as a refrigerant condenser or gas cooler,
• a heating branch with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, with which the supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior can be heated in the heat pump mode,
• - At least one heat source, the heat of which can be transferred to the supply air flow in the heat pump mode by means of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger, and
• a storage heat exchanger with at least one chamber which receives and stores a heat-storing fluid, the same being thermally coupled to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heating branch for the transfer of heat from the heating branch to the storage heat exchanger.

For heat buffering, in this refrigeration system according to the invention, a storage medium which is hermetically enclosed in a storage heat exchanger is used and which is thermally coupled to the air / refrigerant heat exchanger as the heating register of the heating branch. According to a further development, it is provided that the storage heat exchanger is arranged in the supply air flow downstream of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger. This means that when the heat pump or reheat mode is active, the supply air flow heated by the heating register is routed via the storage heat exchanger and thus "charged" with heat. When the heat pump is switched off and thus the volume flow is reduced due to or the flow of refrigerant through the heating register, the temperature of the supply air flow drops, as a result of which the heat-charged storage medium of the storage heat exchanger is discharged due to continued heating of the supply air flow. A short-term lowering of the temperature of the supply air flow can thus be compensated for, or at least dampened, and a loss of comfort for vehicle occupants can thereby be kept low or avoided.

The storage heat exchanger can also be constructed with several closed chambers, which are designed, for example, as flat tubes. With a serial arrangement of the storage heat exchanger in the supply air flow downstream of the heating register, for example, the flat tubes of the heat storage exchanger are aligned with the flat tubes of the heating register. Ideally, corrugated fins are provided between the flat tubes of the heat storage exchanger and the heating register.

The thermal coupling between the storage heat exchanger and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger as a heating register by means of the supply air flow can also be realized in that the storage heat exchanger is not spatially separated from the heating register, but is integrated in the heating register without spatial separation and thus an assembly part is created, in which the thermal coupling takes place in addition to the air-side heat coupling as a component-side heat coupling via the mechanical contact of the storage heat exchanger with the heating register.

• - der Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager des Heizzweiges mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten ausgebildet ist, und
• - der Speicherwärmeübertrager mit wenigstens zwei Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitten vorgesehen ist, wobei jeweils ein Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitt im Zuluftstrom stromabwärts eines Heizregister-Abschnittes angeordnet ist.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that

• - The air-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heating branch is formed with at least two heating register sections, and
• - The storage heat exchanger is provided with at least two storage heat exchanger sections, wherein a storage heat exchanger section is arranged in the supply air flow downstream of a heating register section.

In such a segmented heating register with at least two heating register sections, a storage heat exchanger section is arranged downstream with respect to the supply air flow, the individual components - as explained above - being spatially separated or constructed in an assembly part without spatial separation. The thermal coupling takes place either only by means of the supply air flow as an air-side heat coupling or both by means of the air-side heat coupling and by means of the mechanical contact as a component-side heat coupling between the individual components. It is preferably provided that two heating register sections of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger are arranged between two storage heat exchanger sections arranged one behind the other in the supply air flow. This offers the advantage that the heat transfers between the sections of the heating register and the storage heat exchanger can be improved due to the enlarged contact areas and the storage heat exchanger can be charged more quickly.

• - der Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager des Heizzweiges mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten ausgebildet ist,
• - die Heizregister-Abschnitte im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung angeordnet sind, und
• - ein Speicherwärmeübertrager mit wenigstens zwei Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitten ausgebildet ist, die im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit den Heizregister-Abschnitten in wenigstens einer Reihe angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils ein Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitt und ein Heizregister-Abschnitt als Zusammenbauteil ohne räumliche Trennung verbunden sind.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that

• - the air-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heating branch is designed with at least two heating register sections,
• - The heating register sections are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction, and
• - A storage heat exchanger is formed with at least two storage heat exchanger sections, which are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its direction of flow and in an alternating order with the heating register sections in at least one row, each with a storage heat exchanger section and a heating register section as an assembly part without spatial Separation are connected.

In this parallel arrangement of heating register sections and storage heat exchanger sections, the thermal coupling takes place via the mechanical contact as component-side heat coupling of a heating register section with a storage heat exchanger section, which are produced as an assembly part.

In a further embodiment, the at least two heating register and storage heat exchanger sections which are connected to one another in pairs can be designed to be mechanically separated or also mechanically coupled to one another in order to implement heat coupling on the component side.

In this parallel arrangement of heating register sections and storage heat exchanger sections with the assembly of a storage heat exchanger section and a heating register section, a further heating register section is combined in such a way that the storage heat exchanger section lies between the two heating register sections. These three components are thus heat-coupled on the component side. This offers the advantage of a quicker and more dynamic charging of the storage medium with heat, since this constructive measure increases the contact area and thus the heat transfer area from the refrigerant to the storage medium.

Another development of this parallel arrangement of heating register sections and storage heat exchanger sections provides that with the assembly part comprising a storage heat exchanger section and a heating register section, a further storage heat exchanger section is combined such that the heating register section is between the two storage heat exchangers. Sections. These three components are thus heat-coupled on the component side. This offers the advantage that, in addition to a large-scale and prioritized charging of the storage heat exchanger sections, the duration of the heat transfer to the air flow can also be increased during the shutdown times of a heat pump system.

• - eine erste Reihe aus wenigstens zwei Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitten im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers angeordnet sind,
• - eine zweite Reihe aus wenigstens zwei Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitten im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers angeordnet sind, und
• - die beiden Reihen in Strömungsrichtung des Zuluftstroms hintereinander und derart versetzt angeordnet sind, dass ein Heizregister-Abschnitt der ersten Reihe mit einem Wärmespeichertauscher der zweiten Reihe in Strömungsrichtung des Zuluftstroms fluchtet.

Another further development of this parallel arrangement of heating register sections and storage heat exchanger sections provides that

• a first row of at least two storage heat exchanger sections are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger,
• - A second row of at least two storage heat exchanger sections are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger, and
• - The two rows are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the supply air flow and offset such that a heating register section of the first row is aligned with a heat storage exchanger of the second row in the flow direction of the supply air flow.

Such an at least two-row arrangement of storage heat exchanger sections and heating register sections, in which all components are heat-coupled on the component side and partially also heat-coupled on the air side, offers the advantage that, in addition to rapid charging of the storage medium with heat, the cabin supply air flow can also be rapidly heated.

If the air / refrigerant heat exchanger designed as a heating register consists of several heating register sections, refrigerant can flow through them in different ways. For example, on the refrigerant side, these can be fluidly connected in series. Furthermore, it is also possible to apply refrigerant to them at the same time and thus to allow a parallel flow through the individual sections.

• - einen Verdampferzweig mit einem zur Konditionierung eines dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführten Zuluftstroms eingesetzten Verdampfer und einem dem Verdampfer zugeordneten Expansionsorgan,
• - einen Kältemittelverdichter,
• - einen äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager als Kältemittelkondensator oder Gaskühler,
• - einen Heizzweig mit einem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager, mit welchem der dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugeführte Zuluftstrom im Wärmepumpenbetrieb erwärmbar ist,
• - wenigstens eine Wärmequelle, deren Wärme im Wärmepumpenbetrieb mittels des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers auf den Zuluftstrom übertragbar ist, und
• - einen Kühlmittelkreislauf mit einem als Luft-Kühlmittel-Wärmeübertrager ausgebildeten Wärmespeicherregister , wobei zur Übertragung von Wärme aus dem Heizzweig auf das Wärmespeicherregister dasselbe mit dem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager thermisch gekoppelt ist.

According to the second solution, the refrigeration system for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation comprises:

• an evaporator branch with an evaporator used to condition a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior and an expansion element assigned to the evaporator,
• - a refrigerant compressor,
• - an external air-refrigerant heat exchanger as a refrigerant condenser or gas cooler,
• a heating branch with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, with which the supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior can be heated in the heat pump mode,
• - At least one heat source, the heat of which can be transferred to the supply air flow in the heat pump mode by means of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger, and
• - A coolant circuit with a heat storage register designed as an air-coolant heat exchanger, the same being thermally coupled to the air-coolant heat exchanger for transferring heat from the heating branch to the heat storage register.

In this second-mentioned solution according to the invention, a heat storage register of a coolant circuit is used for heat buffering in this refrigeration system according to the invention, which is thermally coupled to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger as the heating register of the heating branch. According to a further development, it is provided that the heat storage register is arranged in the supply air flow downstream of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger. Thus, when the heat pump or reheat mode is active, the supply air flow heated by the heating register is conducted via the heat storage register and is thus “charged” with heat, the heat storage register arranged in the coolant circuit being able to be used either with standing fluid, for example water or with flowing fluid . The circulation of the fluid in the coolant circuit is generated by means of a pump. When the heat pump is switched off and thus the volume flow is reduced due to or the flow of refrigerant through the heating register, the temperature of the supply air flow drops, as a result of which the heat-charged storage medium of the storage heat exchanger is discharged due to continued heating of the supply air flow. A short-term lowering of the temperature of the supply air flow can thus be compensated for, or at least dampened, and a loss of comfort for vehicle occupants can thereby be kept low or avoided.

This heat storage register can not only be “loaded” with heat via the supply air flow, but also according to a further development by means of an electrical auxiliary heater arranged in the coolant circuit. There is thus a thermal coupling between the heating register and the heat storage register and the coolant circuit, in which the heat storage register is in turn integrated.

The thermal coupling between the heat storage register and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger as the heating register takes place on the one hand only by means of the supply air flow as air-side heat coupling or both by means of the air-side heat coupling and also in that the heat storage register is not spatially separated from the heating register but in the heating register without spatial separation is connected or integrated and thus an assembly part is formed, in which the thermal coupling takes place as on-site heat coupling via the mechanical contact of the heat storage register with the heating register.

With this refrigeration system according to the invention, a reduction in the temperature of the supply air flow led into the vehicle interior, for example by a brief shutdown of the heat pump, can be compensated or damped by discharging the heat storage register, the heat used for this either originating from a charge previously carried out by means of the supply air flow or additionally, if the amount of heat supplied via the supply air flow is insufficient, is generated by means of the electrical auxiliary heater.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heating branch is designed with at least two heating register sections, the heat storage register having at least two heat storage register sections being arranged in the coolant circuit, so that in each case one heat storage register section in the supply air flow downstream of one Heating register section is arranged. This offers the advantage that the increased surface contact enables effective heat transfer from the refrigerant side to the coolant side.

• - der Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager des Heizzweiges mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten ausgebildet ist,
• - die Heizregister-Abschnitte im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung angeordnet sind, und
• - das Wärmespeicherregister mit wenigstens zwei Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitten im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit den Heizregister-Abschnitten in wenigstens einer Reihe angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils ein Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitt und ein Heizregister-Abschnitt als Zusammenbauteil ohne räumliche Trennung verbunden sind.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that

• the air-refrigerant heat exchanger of the heating branch is designed with at least two heating register sections,
• - The heating register sections are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction, and
• - The heat storage register with at least two heat storage register sections are arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction and in an alternating sequence with the heating register sections in at least one row, wherein a heat storage register section and a heating register section are connected as an assembly part without spatial separation.

With this parallel arrangement of heating register sections and heat storage register Sections are thermally coupled as component-side heat coupling via the mechanical contact of a heating register section with a heat storage register, which are produced as an assembly part.

• - eine erste Reihe aus wenigstens zwei Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitten im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers angeordnet,
• - eine zweite Reihe aus wenigstens zwei Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitten im Zuluftstrom senkrecht zu dessen Strömungsrichtung und in abwechselnder Reihenfolge mit wenigstens zwei Heizregister-Abschnitten des Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertragers angeordnet, und
• - die beiden Reihen in Strömungsrichtung des Zuluftstroms hintereinander und derart versetzt angeordnet, dass ein Heizregister-Abschnitt der ersten Reihe mit einem Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitt der zweiten Reihe in Strömungsrichtung des Zuluftstroms fluchtet.

According to an advantageous development of the last-mentioned embodiment

• a first row of at least two heat storage register sections is arranged in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger,
• - A second row of at least two heat storage register sections in the supply air flow perpendicular to its flow direction and arranged in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger, and
• - The two rows in the flow direction of the supply air flow one behind the other and arranged such that a heating register section of the first row is aligned with a heat storage register section of the second row in the flow direction of the supply air flow.

This offers the advantage that, due to the changing arrangement of the heating register to the heat storage register sections, there is an optimized heat transfer into the coolant as the storage medium and this can compensate and bridge short-term shutdown processes of a heat pump system in an optimized manner, based on a temperature drop in which the entire component flows Cabin airflow. In this arrangement, all components are heat-coupled on the component side and additionally some of the components are heat-coupled on the air side, in which a heat storage register section is arranged downstream of a heating register section in the flow direction of the supply air flow.

If the air / refrigerant heat exchanger designed as a heating register consists of several heating register sections, refrigerant can flow through them in different ways. For example, they can be serially fluid-connected on the refrigerant side. Furthermore, it is also possible to apply refrigerant to them at the same time and thus to allow a parallel flow through the individual sections.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a heat pump-coolant-coolant-heat exchanger arranged in the heating branch thermally couples the heating branch to the coolant circuit. This ensures that, regardless of complex and sometimes large-volume combination components or assemblies for realizing a component-side in heat coupling, simple standard components without component-side heat coupling can be provided and installed, which in turn can implement comparable heat storage effects through advantageous interconnection and commissioning.

Furthermore, the refrigeration system preferably has a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger used for cooling an electrical component of the vehicle with an associated expansion element.

The external air / refrigerant heat exchanger used as a heat pump evaporator is a heat source for realizing an air heat pump. Furthermore, the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger used as a chiller for conditioning an energy store is also a heat source. Finally, it is also possible to use the refrigerant compressor as a heat source by using its waste heat to implement a heat pump in the form of a triangular process.

• 1 eine Kälteanlage mit einem einen Speicherwärmeübertrager aufweisenden Kältemittelkreislauf mit Wärmepumpenfunktion,
• 2 schematische Darstellungen von Anordnungen aus einem Speicherwärmeübertrager oder einem Speicherwärmeübertrager mit mehreren Speicherwärmeübertrager-Abschnitten und einem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmetauscher als Heizregister,
• 3 eine Kälteanlage mit einem Kühlmittelkreis mit einem als Luft-Kühlmittel-Wärmeübertrager ausgeführten Wärmespeicherregister in Kombination mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf mit Wärmepumpenfunktion,
• 4 schematische Darstellungen von Anordnungen aus einem Wärmespeicherregister oder einem Wärmespeicherregister mit mehreren Wärmespeicherregister-Abschnitten und einem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmetauscher als Heizregister, und
• 5 eine Kälteanlage mit einem Heizregister und einen Wärmespeicherregister aufweisenden Kühlmittelkreislauf mit einem in einen Heizkreis angeordneten Wärmepumpen-Kältemittel-Kühlmittel-Wärmeübertrager, der den Kältemittelkreislauf mit dem Kühlmittelkreislauf direkt koppelt.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the claims, the following description of preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Show:

• 1 a refrigeration system with a refrigerant circuit with a heat pump function and a heat pump function,
• 2nd schematic representations of arrangements of a storage heat exchanger or a storage heat exchanger with several storage heat exchanger sections and an air-refrigerant heat exchanger as a heating register,
• 3rd a refrigeration system with a coolant circuit with a heat storage register designed as an air-coolant heat exchanger in combination with a refrigerant circuit with a heat pump function,
• 4th schematic representations of arrangements of a heat storage register or a heat storage register with several heat storage register sections and an air-refrigerant heat exchanger as a heating register, and
• 5 a refrigeration system with a heating register and a heat storage register having coolant circuit with a heat pump-refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger arranged in a heating circuit, which directly couples the refrigerant circuit to the coolant circuit.

The 1 , 3rd and 5 each show a refrigeration system 1 a vehicle with a for a refrigeration system operation (abbreviated to AC operation) and a heating operation operated refrigerant circuit 2nd , wherein the heating operation is carried out by means of a heat pump function and for this purpose in a heating branch 2.2 an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is arranged as a heating register. This air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is together with an evaporator 3rd an air conditioner 1.1 installed, with the conditioning of a supply air flow led into a vehicle interior L this first via the evaporator 3rd and then via the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is led.

Furthermore, in the air conditioner 1.1 according to 1 in the supply air flow L downstream of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th a storage heat exchanger 7 arranged, which can be loaded with heat from the heat pump function. For this purpose, this is a storage heat exchanger 7 a heat-storing fluid hermetically enclosed. The storage heat exchanger 7 is with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th thermally coupled and is identified by the reference symbol K in 1 displayed.

Instead of the storage heat exchanger 7 is in the air conditioner 1.1 the refrigeration system 1 according to the 3rd and 5 a heat storage register 8th arranged with which heat can also be stored. Also this heat storage register 8th is according to the 3rd and 5 with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th thermally coupled and is identified by the reference symbol K displayed.

First, the structure of the refrigerant circuit 2nd of the refrigeration systems 1 according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 explains, as far as they have the same basic structure and only then in detail the structure and different arrangements of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and the storage heat exchanger 7 or the heat storage register 8th in the air conditioner 1.1 described.

Every refrigerant circuit 2nd according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 can be operated in a refrigeration system as well as in a heat pump mode and shows next to the air conditioner 1.1 a chiller 9 on which with a coolant circuit 9.0 for cooling, for example a high-voltage battery is thermally connected.

• - dem Klimagerät 1.1 mit einem Verdampfer 3, bspw. ein Front-Verdampfer und einem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 4 als Heizregister, wobei der Verdampfer 3 in einem Verdampferzweig 3.1 und der Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 4 in einem Heizregisterzweig 4.1 angeordnet ist,
• - einem Kältemittelverdichter 5,
• - einem als Kondensator oder Gaskühler ausgebildeten äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 6 mit einem demselben in seiner Funktion als Wärmepumpenverdampfer für den Heizbetrieb zugeordneten Expansionsorgan AE3,
• - einem inneren Wärmeübertrager 11,
• - einem niederdruckseitigen Akkumulator 10,
• - einem in dem Verdampferzweig 3.1 angeordneten und dem Verdampfer 3 stromaufwärtsseitig vorgeschalteten Expansionsorgan AE1,
• - einem dem Verdampferzweig 3.1 nachgeschalteten Rückschlagventil R1, welches über den Akkumulator 10 und den niederdruckseitigen Abschnitt des inneren Wärmeübertragers 11 mit der Eintrittsseite des Kältemittelverdichters 5 fluidverbunden ist,
• - einem Chiller-Zweig 9.1 mit dem Chiller 9, einem diesem vorgeschalteten Expansionsorgan AE2, wobei der Chiller 9 neben der Kühlung bspw. einer elektrischen Komponente des Fahrzeugs auch zur Realisierung einer Wasser-Wärmepumpenfunktion unter Nutzung der Abwärme mindestens einer elektrischen Komponente eingesetzt wird,
• - einem AC- und Wärmepumpenzweig 2.1 mit dem äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 6 und dem Expansionsorgan AE3, wobei im Heizbetrieb der AC- und Wärmepumpenzweig 2.1 stromaufwärts über das Expansionsorgan AE3 mit dem Verdampferzweig 3.1 unter Bildung eines Abzweigpunktes Ab1 fluidverbindbar ist und stromabwärts über ein Absperrorgan A2 mit dem Niederdruckeingang des Kältemittelverdichters 5 fluidverbindbar ist, während im AC-Betrieb der AC- und Wärmepumpenzweig 2.1 stromaufwärts über ein Absperrorgan A4 mit dem Hochdruckausgang des Kältemittelverdichters 5 fluidverbindbar ist,
• - einem Heizzweig 2.2 mit dem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 4, wobei der Heizzweig 2.2 stromaufwärts über ein Absperrorgan A3 mit dem Hochdruckausgang des Kältemittelverdichters 5 fluidverbindbar ist und stromabwärts über ein Absperrorgan A1 mit dem Abzweigpunkt Ab1 und damit mit dem Verdampferzweig 3.1 und dem Chillerzweig 9.1 fluidverbindbar ist,
• - einem Reheat-Zweig 2.3 mit einem als Expansionsventil ausgebildeten Nachheiz- oder Zwischendruck-Expansionsorgan AE4, wobei der Reheat-Zweig 2.3 stromabwärts mit dem äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 6 unter Bildung eines Abzweigpunktes Ab2 und stromaufwärts mit dem Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 4 fluidverbunden ist,
• - einem Wärmepumpenrückführzweig 2.4 mit dem Absperrorgan A2 und einem Rückschlagventil R2, wobei der Wärmepumpenrückführzweig 2.4 stromaufwärts über den Abzweigpunkt Ab2 mit dem äußeren Luft-Kältemittel-Wärmeübertrager 6 und stromabwärts mit dem Akkumulator 10 fluidverbindbar ist,
• - einem Absaugzweig 2.5 mit einem Absperrventil A5, wobei der Absaugzweig 2.5 stromabwärts über einen Abzweigpunkt Ab3 mit dem Absperrventil A2 und dem Rückschlagventil R2 des Wärmepumpenrückführzweiges 2.4 fluidverbunden ist.

The refrigerant circuit 2nd according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 consists:

• - the air conditioner 1.1 with an evaporator 3rd , for example a front evaporator and an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th as a heating register, the evaporator 3rd in an evaporator branch 3.1 and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th in a heating register branch 4.1 is arranged
• - a refrigerant compressor 5 ,
• - An external air-refrigerant heat exchanger designed as a condenser or gas cooler 6 with an expansion element assigned to it in its function as a heat pump evaporator for heating operation AE3 ,
• - an internal heat exchanger 11 ,
• - a low-pressure side accumulator 10th ,
• - one in the evaporator branch 3.1 arranged and the evaporator 3rd Upstream expansion element AE1 ,
• - one the evaporator branch 3.1 downstream check valve R1 which over the accumulator 10th and the low-pressure side section of the inner heat exchanger 11 with the inlet side of the refrigerant compressor 5 is fluid connected,
• - a chiller branch 9.1 with the chiller 9 , an expansion organ upstream of this AE2 , the chiller 9 in addition to cooling, for example an electrical component of the vehicle, is also used to implement a water heat pump function using the waste heat of at least one electrical component,
• - an AC and heat pump branch 2.1 with the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 and the expansion organ AE3 , with the AC and heat pump branch in heating mode 2.1 upstream via the expansion organ AE3 with the evaporator branch 3.1 forming a branch point From1 is fluid connectable and downstream via a shut-off device A2 with the low pressure inlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 is fluid connectable, while in AC operation the AC and heat pump branch 2.1 upstream via a shut-off device A4 with the high pressure outlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 is fluid connectable,
• - a heating branch 2.2 with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th , the heating branch 2.2 upstream via a shut-off device A3 with the high pressure outlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 is fluid connectable and downstream via a shut-off device A1 with the branch point From1 and thus with the evaporator branch 3.1 and the chiller branch 9.1 is fluid connectable,
• - a reheat branch 2.3 with a post-heating or intermediate pressure expansion element designed as an expansion valve AE4 , the reheat branch 2.3 downstream with the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 forming a branch point Starting at 2 and upstream with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is fluid connected,
• - a heat pump return branch 2.4 with the shut-off device A2 and a check valve R2 , with the heat pump return branch 2.4 upstream via the branch point Starting at 2 with the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 and downstream with the accumulator 10th is fluid connectable,
• - a suction branch 2.5 with a shut-off valve A5 , the suction branch 2.5 downstream via a branch point From 3 with the shut-off valve A2 and the check valve R2 of the heat pump return branch 2.4 is fluid-connected.

The sensors are in the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 Several pressure / temperature sensors are provided to control and regulate the system.

So is the refrigerant compressor 5 a first pressure-temperature sensor pT1 assigned at the high pressure outlet, further a second pressure-temperature sensor pT2 at the output of the accumulator 10th , a third pressure-temperature sensor pT3 at the outlet of the external air / refrigerant heat exchanger 6 , a fourth pressure-temperature sensor pT4 at the outlet of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and a fifth pressure-temperature sensor pT5 at the low pressure side outlet of the chiller 8th arranged.

Below is the AC operation and the heating operation of the refrigeration system 1 according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 explained.

With the two shut-off devices A3 and A4 is the refrigerant flow starting from the high pressure side of the refrigerant compressor 5 depending on the condition of these two shut-off devices A3 and A4 either with the shut-off device open A4 and blocked shut-off device A3 in the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 conducted for AC operation or flows with the shut-off device open A3 and closed shut-off device A4 to carry out a heating operation by means of a heat pump function in the heating branch 2.2 .

In AC operation of the refrigerant circuit 1 the high-pressure refrigerant flows from the refrigerant compressor 5 with open shut-off device A4 in the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 , the high pressure section of the inner heat exchanger 11 , via the fully open expansion organ AE3 by means of the expansion organ AE1 in the evaporator 3rd and / or by means of the expansion element AE2 in the chiller 9 . From the chiller branch 9.1 the refrigerant flows over the accumulator 10th and the low pressure section of the inner heat exchanger 11 back to the refrigerant compressor 5 while the refrigerant from the evaporator branch 3.1 via the check valve R1 flows and then over the accumulator 10th and the low pressure section of the inner heat exchanger 11 also back to the refrigerant compressor 5 can flow.

The heating branch is in this AC mode 2.2 by means of the shut-off device A3 cordoned off. To retrieve refrigerant from the inactive heating branch 2.2 becomes the shut-off device A5 opened and the refrigerant can be shut off A5 and the check valve R2 , with the shut-off device closed at the same time A2 towards the accumulator 10th stream.

In the following, the heating operation of the refrigerant circuit 2nd the refrigeration system 1 according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 to be discribed. For this purpose, heat pump operation is carried out by means of at least one heat source. The heat pump function using these heat sources is explained below.

In the heat pump operation of the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to 1 becomes a supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior L by means of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th warmed up and then via the storage heat exchanger 7 led before the supply air flow L can flow into the vehicle interior. This storage heat exchanger 7 contains - as already described above - a heat-storing fluid in at least one closed chamber, which is designed, for example, as a flat tube. This storage heat exchanger 7 can be constructed with several such flat tubes, which are spaced apart in a plane and connected by fins. The flat tubes of the storage heat exchanger 7 can with flat tubes of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th in the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L swear. This means that heat can be stored in this heat-storing fluid.

This loading the storage heat exchanger 7 with heat takes place through an air-side heat coupling as a thermal coupling of the same with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th . This thermal coupling takes place by means of the supply air flow L with which the storage heat exchanger 7 and thus its heat-storing fluid is also heated. This thermal coupling can also be realized in that the storage heat exchanger 7 and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th are produced as a one-piece, integral assembly part and thus a component-side heat coupling of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th about the material of these two components in the heat-storing fluid of the storage heat exchanger 7 can take place.

So shows 2a) an arrangement of these two components in the air conditioner 1.1 the refrigeration system 1 to 1 , in which the storage heat exchanger 7 spaced, that is spatially separated from the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is arranged. The thermal coupling is therefore essentially only via the supply air flow L as an air-side coupling.

An arrangement of these two components without spatial separation is shown schematically in 2 B) shown. With this air conditioner 1.1 is either the storage heat exchanger 7 in the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th or vice versa the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th in the heat storage exchanger 7 integrated. With this arrangement, in addition to the air-side heat coupling, there is also a component-side heat coupling.

The advantage of using such a storage heat exchanger 7 is that if the heat pump is switched off for a short time, for example 3 seconds or more than 3 seconds, the air temperature of the supply air flow is reduced L is prevented or at least damped, because due to the shutdown of the heat pump, less heat, and this for a very short time, on the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th for transfer to the supply air flow L and / or for heat conduction in the direction of the storage heat exchanger 7 is available and the compensation by emitting heat from the charged heat storage exchanger 7.1 he follows.

Further configurations of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and the storage heat exchanger 7 and the arrangement of these components in the air conditioner 1.1 are in the 2c ) to 2h).

According to 2c ) includes the air / refrigerant heat exchanger used as the heating register 4th two heating register sections, namely a heating register section 4.10 and a heating register section 4.20 that in the heating register branch 4.1 are connected in series. There is also a storage heat exchanger 7 with two storage heat exchanger sections 7.1 and 7.2 provided, the storage heat exchanger section 7.1 in the supply air flow L downstream of the heating register section 4.10 and the further storage heat exchanger section 7.2 also in the supply air flow L and downstream of the further heating register section 4.20 is arranged. Thus, by means of the supply air flow L first the heating register section 4.10 , the storage heat exchanger section 7.1 , the heating register section 4.20 and finally the storage heat exchanger section 7.2 acted on in the order listed. The two storage heat exchanger sections 7.1 and 7.2 are thus with the two heating register sections 4.10 and 4.20 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th via the supply air flow L thermally coupled.

Are these components not spatially separated in the air conditioner? 1.1 arranged, but according to the representation 2c ) realized as an assembly part, there is also a component-side thermal coupling via the direct contact of these components 4.10 , 7.1 , 4.20 and 7.2 .

This alternating arrangement of a heating register section and a storage heat exchanger section can also be carried out with more than two components each of a heating register section and a storage heat exchanger section.

A further development of the arrangement according to several heating register sections and several storage heat exchanger sections 2c ) show the 2d ).

According to this 2d ) are in the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L a storage heat exchanger 7 with three storage heat exchanger sections 7.1 , 7.2 and 7.3 arranged, the storage heat exchanger section 7.1 and the storage heat exchanger section 7.2 one heating register section each 4.10 respectively. 4.20 upstream and one heating register section each 4.11 respectively. 4.21 downstream. This represents the storage heat exchanger section 7.1 together with the heating register sections 4.10 and 4.11 and the storage heat exchanger section 7.2 with the heating register sections 4.20 and 4.21 one assembly part each E1 respectively. E2 The storage heat exchanger section 7.3 is just a heating register section 4.30 upstream. Through the supply air flow L is the assembly part E1 , the assembly part E2 , the heating register section 4.30 and the heat storage exchanger 7.3 acted on in the order listed. This arrangement according to 2d ) can also be used with other assembly parts E2 be built, in which, in addition to the air-side heat coupling, there is also a component-side heat coupling. The heating register sections 4.10 , 4.11 , 4.20 , 4.21 and 4.30 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th can in different ways in the heating register branch 4.1 be fluid connected. For example, a serial fluid connection is possible. Furthermore, these heating register sections can also be acted upon with refrigerant in parallel and flowed through. Another variant regarding 2d is the reverse arrangement of the heating register and the storage heat exchanger sections, that is to say that two storage heat exchanger sections are in contact with one heating register section, in contrast to that described above Design variant with two heating register sections adjacent to a storage heat exchanger section.

The 2e) to 2h) show arrangements of heating register sections of an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and storage heat exchanger sections of a storage heat exchanger 7 where these components are not serial with respect to the supply air flow L , but in parallel with regard to the supply air flow L in an air conditioner 1.1 are arranged. In this case, thermal coupling essentially only takes place via the component-side heat coupling.

So includes according to 2e) the air-refrigerant heat exchanger used as a heating register 4th in an exemplary embodiment with six heating register sections 4.10 , 4.20 , 4.30 ... 4.60 that in the heating register branch 4.1 For example, are fluidly connected in series. There are also six storage heat exchanger sections 7.1 to 7.6 a storage heat exchanger 7 provided, each with a storage heat exchanger section 7.1 to 7.6 and a heating register section 4.10 to 4.60 alternating across the flow direction R of the supply air flow L are arranged.

According to this arrangement 2e) each form a heating register section 4.10 to 4.60 and the storage heat exchanger section directly adjacent to this 7.1 to 7.6 an assembly part E1 , in which a component-side heat coupling is realized as a thermal coupling directly via the materials of the two components. These assembly parts E1 are according to 2e) transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L spatially separated in a row Z1 arranged. An arrangement of these assembly parts E1 It is also possible without spatial separation, for example by bridging the gaps with slats. This arrangement according to 2e) can also be used with other such assemblies E1 being constructed.

According to 2f) are transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L exemplary three storage heat exchanger sections of a storage heat exchanger 7 7.1 , 7.2 and 7.3 arranged, each between a heating register section 4.10 and 4.11 , 4.20 and 4.21 such as 4.30 and 4.31 an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th are arranged and together with these heating register sections each an assembly part E2 form and thereby a component-side heat coupling is realized. These assembly parts E2 are according to 2f) transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L spatially separated. An arrangement of these assembly parts E2 It is also possible without spatial separation, for example by bridging the gaps with slats. Furthermore, this arrangement can according to 2f) also with other such assembly parts E2 being constructed. The heating register sections 4.10 , 4.11 , 4.20 , 4.21 and 4.30 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th can in different ways in the heating register branch 4.1 be fluid connected. For example, a serial fluid connection is possible, and at least two heating register sections can also be acted upon and flowed through simultaneously and thus in parallel.

According to 2g) are transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L three heating register sections 4.10 , 4.20 and 4.30 an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th arranged, each between a storage heat exchanger section 7.1 and 7.11 , 7.2 and 7.21 such as 7.3 and 7.31 a storage heat exchanger 7 are arranged and together with these storage heat exchanger sections each have an assembly part E3 form and thereby a component-side heat coupling is realized. These assembly parts E3 are according to 2g) transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L spatially separated. An arrangement of these assembly parts E3 without spatial separation is also possible. Furthermore, this arrangement can according to 2g) also with other such assembly parts E3 being constructed. The heating register sections 4.10 , 4.20 and 4.30 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th can in different ways in the heating register branch 4.1 be fluid connected. For example, a serial fluid connection is possible, and at least two heating register sections can also be acted upon and flowed through simultaneously and thus in parallel.

The 2h) shows an arrangement of two in the flow direction R of the supply air flow L rows in a row Z1 and Z2 from alternately arranged heating register sections and storage heat exchanger sections of a storage heat exchanger 7 . With this arrangement, all components are heat-coupled on the component side, while some of the components are also heat-coupled on the air side.

The series Z1 consists of heating register sections 4.10 to 4.16 an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th as well as storage heat exchanger sections 7.10 to 7.16 a storage heat exchanger 7 . The series Z2 consists of heating register sections 4.20 to 4.25 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th as well as storage heat exchanger sections 7.20 to 7.26 of the storage heat exchanger 7 . The components of the series Z1 and Z2 are primarily heat-coupled on the component side

These two rows Z1 and Z2 are arranged to each other in such a way that in the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L a heating register section with a storage heat exchanger section is aligned, alternating either a storage heat exchanger section of the series Z2 a heating register section of the series Z1 downstream or a heater register section of the series Z2 a storage heat exchanger section of the series Z1 is subordinate. In this way, at least in the storage heat exchanger sections arranged downstream of a heating register section, an air-side heat coupling is used as a thermal coupling by means of the supply air flow L realized.

In these two at least two rows Z1 and Z2 are the heating register sections 4.10 to 4.16 and 4.20 to 4.25 as well as the storage heat exchanger sections 7.10 to 7.16 and 7.20 and 7.26 arranged without spatial separation, so that in addition to heat coupling via the supply air flow Z, there is also a thermal coupling by heat conduction by means of the materials.

The arrangement of the heating register sections to the storage heat exchanger sections can be continued in any manner and embodiments. In analogy to the 2nd A heating register section can have two adjacent storage heat exchanger sections, but the reverse case is also possible. At least two levels Z1 and Z2 Always make sure that the sections of the level Z1 with the sections of the plane Z2 ff. are always designed to be congruent or in alignment with one another, in particular to avoid air-side flow losses.

In the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to 1 can optionally in the supply air flow L downstream of the heat storage exchanger 7.1 an electric auxiliary heater (in 1 not shown) can be arranged.

Below is the heat pump operation of the refrigeration system 1 according to the 3rd and 5 explained.

For this purpose, the refrigerant circuit 2nd the refrigeration system 1 compared to that according to 1 instead of the storage heat exchanger 7 a heat storage register 8th on which is also in the air conditioner 1.1 is arranged in such a way that a supply air flow provided for conditioning the vehicle interior L first via the evaporator 3rd , then via the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and finally via this heat storage register 8th to be led. Also with this air conditioner 1.1 is the heat storage register 8th with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th thermally coupled on the air side, which is identified by the reference symbol K is shown.

This heat storage register 8th is in a coolant circuit 8.0 arranged with an electric auxiliary heater ZH and a pump P. By means of this pump P, the coolant, for example water, is stored as a heat-storing fluid in the coolant circuit 8.0 circulated.

The refrigerant heat exchanger can thus 4th its heat via the air flow or heat output when there is contact with the heat storage register 8th to the the heat storage register 8th coolant flowing through or the coolant contained in it. Alternatively, if necessary, the coolant can be heated by means of the electric auxiliary heater ZH and thus heat can be generated via the heat storage register 8th on the supply air flow L be transmitted.

In the coolant circuit 8.0 can also use other system components of the refrigerant circuit 2nd the refrigeration system 2nd according to 3rd and 5 or other system components of the coolant circuit 8.0 are arranged with the reference symbol S are indicated.

The refrigerant circuit 2nd according to 5 proves to that 3rd a heat pump-refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 12 on which one in the heating branch 2.2 is involved, so that this upstream via the shut-off device A3 with the high pressure outlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 fluid connectable and downstream with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is fluid-connected.

In the heat pump operation of the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to 3rd and 5 becomes the supply air flow supplied to the vehicle interior L by means of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th warmed and then via the heat storage register 8th led before the supply air flow L can flow into the vehicle interior. This heat storage register 8th is constructed in a known manner, for example in analogy to a heating heat exchanger with a plurality of flat tubes, one flat tube each having a flat tube of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger 4th in the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L flees. Thus, the heat storage register is in heat pump operation 8th with the air heat exchanger 4th via the supply air flow L thermally coupled, ie thermally coupled on the air side, which means the heat of the supply air flow L on the coolant of the coolant circuit 8.0 transferred and thus heat in the coolant circuit 8.0 is saved. Here, the coolant circuit 8.0 with from the pump P circulated coolant or with standing coolant without active pump P operate.

In a further step, the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th escaping airflow L Heat from the heat storage register also in heating mode 8th withdraw and thus further heat up the air flow in a second auxiliary heating stage, in particular when the electrical auxiliary heater ZH is activated, or ultimately short shutdown phases the heat pump by giving off heat to the air flow L bridge and compensate.

The thermal coupling between the heat storage register 8th and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th can in addition to the heat coupling by means of the supply air flow L as a heat coupling on the air side also by heat conduction via the material of the mechanically connected components as a heat coupling on the component side, if the heat storage register 8th and the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th are made in one piece as an assembly part.

So shows 4a) an arrangement of these two components in the air conditioner 1.1 the refrigeration system 1 to 3rd and 5 , in which the heat storage register 8th spaced, that is spatially separated and as a separate component from the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th is arranged. The thermal coupling is therefore essentially only via the supply air flow L as air-side heat coupling.

An arrangement of these two components without spatial separation is shown schematically in 4b) shown. With this air conditioner 1.1 is either the heat storage register 8th in the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th or vice versa the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th in the heat storage register 8th integrated. In this case, the thermal coupling is also realized by heat conduction via the material of the two components as on-site heat coupling.

The advantage of using such a heat storage register 8th consists in the fact that if the heat pump is switched off for a short time, for example 3 seconds or more than 3 seconds, the air temperature of the supply air flow is reduced L is prevented or at least damped, because due to the shutdown of the heat pump less heat at the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th for transfer to the supply air flow L and / or for heat conduction in the direction of the heat storage register 8th is available and the compensation by emitting heat from the by means of the previously via the supply air flow L and / or via the direct heat conduction charged heat storage register 8th he follows.

Further configurations of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and the heat storage register 8th and the arrangement of these components in the air conditioner 1.1 are in the 4c ) to 4e).

According to 4c ) includes the air / refrigerant heat exchanger used as the heating register 4th two heating register sections, namely a heating register section 4.10 and a heating register section 4.20 that in the heating register branch 4.1 are connected in series. There is also a heat storage register 8th with two heat storage registers 8.1 and 8.2 provided, the heat storage register section 8.1 in the supply air flow L downstream of the heating register section 4.10 and the further heat storage register section 8.2 also in the supply air flow L and downstream of the further heating register section 4.20 is arranged. Thus, by means of the supply air flow L first the heating register section 4.10 , the heat storage register section 8.1 , the heating register section 4.20 and finally the heat storage register section 8.2 acted on in the order listed. The two heat storage register sections 8.1 and 8.2 are thus with the two heating register sections 4.10 and 4.20 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th via the supply air flow L thermally coupled. The two heat storage register sections 8.1 and 8.2 are in the cooling circuit 8.0 serially fluid connected.

Are these components not spatially separated in the air conditioner? 1.1 arranged, but according to the representation 4c ) realized as an assembly part, there is also a thermal coupling via the direct contact of these components 4.10 , 8.1 , 4.20 and 8.2 as on-site heat coupling.

This alternating arrangement of a heating register section and a heat storage register section can also be carried out with more than two heating register sections and two heat storage register sections.

The 4d ) and 4e) show arrangements of heating register sections of an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th and from heat storage register sections of a heat storage register 8th , in which these components are not serial but parallel with regard to the supply air flow L in an air conditioner 1.1 are arranged. The thermal coupling of these components thus takes place only via component-side heat coupling.

So includes according to 4d ) the air-refrigerant heat exchanger used as a heating register 4th six heating register sections 4.10 , 4.20 , 4.30 ... 4.60 that in the heating register branch 4.1 For example, are fluidly connected in series. There are also six heat storage register sections 8.1 to 8.6 a heat storage register 8th provided, each with a heat storage register section 8.1 to 8.6 and a heating register section 4.10 to 4.60 alternating across the flow direction R of the supply air flow L are arranged.

According to this arrangement 4d ) each form a heating register section 4.10 to 4.60 and the one directly adjacent to it Heat storage register section 8.1 to 8.6 an assembly part E1 , in which a thermal coupling in the sense of a component-side thermal coupling as heat conduction is realized directly via the materials of the two components. These assembly parts E1 are according to 4d ) transverse to the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L spatially separated in a row Z1 arranged. An arrangement of these assembly parts E1 Without spatial separation, it is also possible, for example, by bridging the interspaces with lamellae and, in addition to air-side heat coupling, also component-side heat coupling. This arrangement according to 4d ) can also be used with other such assembly parts E1 being constructed.

Further embodiments that are not shown can be designed as follows: A heating register section has two separate or connected adjacent heat storage register sections or, conversely, two heating register sections adjoin a heat storage register section. The 4e) shows an arrangement of two in the flow direction R of the supply air flow L rows in a row Z1 and Z2 from alternately arranged heating register sections and heat storage register sections.

The series Z1 consists of heating register sections 4.10 to 4.16 an air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th as well as from heat storage register sections 8.10 to 8.16 a heat storage register 8th . The series Z2 consists of heating register 4.20 to 4.25 of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 4th as well as from heat storage register sections 8.20 to 8.26 of the heat storage register 8th . Here are the components of the series Z1 and Z2 each heat-coupled on the component side.

These two rows Z1 and Z2 are arranged to each other in such a way that in the direction of flow R of the supply air flow L a heating register section is aligned with a heat storage register section, wherein either a heat storage register section is arranged downstream of a heating register section downstream or a heating register section is arranged downstream of a heat storage register section. Thus, at least in the heat storage register sections downstream of a heating register section, an air-side heat coupling is used as a thermal coupling by means of the supply air flow L realized.

In these two rows Z1 and Z2 are the heating register sections 4.10 to 4.16 and 4.20 to 4.25 as well as the heat storage register sections 8.10 to 8.16 and 8.20 and 8.26 arranged without spatial separation, so that in addition to heat coupling via the supply air flow Z, there is also a thermal coupling as component-side heat coupling by heat conduction by means of the materials.

When designing a combination and arrangement of heating register sections and heat storage register sections, it must be ensured that these ensure an unimpeded and low pressure loss-causing air flow, so that the air mass flows corresponding to a respective fan control stage can flow via the heat exchanger arrangement.

In the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to the 3rd and 5 can optionally in the supply air flow L downstream of the heat storage register 8th an electric heater (in the 3rd and 5 not shown) can be arranged in order to compensate for potential heating deficits.

In the heating mode of the refrigerant circuit 2nd according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 using the chiller 9 to implement a water heat pump or using the external air / refrigerant heat exchanger 6 The shut-off device is a heat pump evaporator for the realization of an air heat pump A4 closed and the shut-off device A3 opened so that hot refrigerant, such as R744 in the heating branch 2.2 can flow.

To carry out the heating function using the chiller 9 flows through the refrigerant compressor 5 compressed refrigerant via the heating branch 2.2 in the refrigerant-air heat exchanger 4th for delivering heat to the supply air flow L and is then over the open shut-off device A1 by means of the expansion organ AE2 in the chiller 9 to absorb waste heat in the coolant circuit 9.0 arranged electrical and / or electronic components relaxed. With this heating function are the expansion organs AE3 and AE4 closed, the shut-off device A5 is closed and the shut-off device A2 is open, using the shut-off device A5 Refrigerant outsourced from the pipeline in water-heat pump operation 2.1 sucks and via the check valve R2 the accumulator 10th is fed.

To perform the heating function using the external air / refrigerant heat exchanger 6 as a heat pump evaporator, the refrigerant flows out of the refrigerant-air heat exchanger 4th via the open shut-off device A1 in the AC and heat pump branch 2.1 and is by means of the expansion organ AE3 in the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 relaxes to absorb heat from the ambient air and then flows over the heat pump return branch 2.4 back to the refrigerant compressor 5 . The expansion organs AE1 , AE2 and AE4 remain closed, as does the shut-off device A5 .

If a combination operation of water and air heat pumps is realized, then there is next to the expansion element AE4 also the expansion organ AE3 Actively integrated via a control unit and both are controlled accordingly for setting and for reaching the target values.

An indirect delta process connection is realized by opening the shut-off device A1 that of the refrigerant compressor 5 compressed refrigerant by means of the expansion device AE2 in the chiller 9 is relaxed, at the same time on the coolant side, ie in the coolant circuit 9.0 no mass flow is generated, so the water used as the coolant on the coolant side of the chiller 9 stops or the chiller 9 coolant is not actively flowing through. The expansion organs AE1 , AE4 and AE3 remain closed with this switching variant.

In a reheat mode, the supply air flow fed into the vehicle interior is reduced L by means of the evaporator 3rd first cooled and thus dehumidified, then with the supply air flow L extracted heat and that of the refrigerant via the refrigerant compressor 5 supplied heat by means of the refrigerant-air heat exchanger 4th the supply air flow L to at least partially reheat.

The in the refrigerant circuit 2nd the refrigeration system 1 according to the 1 , 3rd and 5 arranged pressure-temperature sensors pT1 to pT5 have the following functions.

The first pressure-temperature sensor pT1 of the refrigerant circuit 1 is used to determine the refrigerant temperature and the high pressure of the compressed medium at the outlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 . The monitoring of these two variables serves to determine the maximum permissible mechanical and thermal loads on the refrigeration system, especially at the outlet of the refrigerant compressor 5 to be monitored and, if necessary, to limit system operation by means of control measures, requested by a control unit, for example an air conditioning control unit, in order not to exceed the permissible maximum values.

The second pressure-temperature sensor pT2 of the refrigerant circuit 1 is used for underfill detection, but also for setting and monitoring a required low pressure.

The one on the outlet side of the external air / refrigerant heat exchanger 6 provided third pressure-temperature sensor pT3 of the refrigerant circuit 1 is primarily used for setting or monitoring the system operating parameters "optimal high pressure" in supercritical system operation or "subcooling after the external air / refrigerant heat exchanger 6 “With subcritical system operation.

The downstream of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger 4th arranged fourth pressure-temperature sensor pT4 is used to control but also to monitor the different operating modes of the refrigerant circuit 2nd , especially in heat pump mode with actively flowing air / refrigerant heat exchangers 4th by a control unit, for example an air conditioning control unit.

The fifth pressure-temperature sensor pT5 of the refrigerant circuit 1 is used to monitor and control the degree of overheating at the outlet of the chiller 3rd .

Reference symbol list

1

Refrigeration system

1.1

Air conditioner

2nd

Refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration system 1

2.1

AC and heat pump branch of the refrigerant circuit 2nd

2.2

Heating branch

2.3

Reheat branch

2.4

Heat pump return branch

2.5

Suction branch

3rd

Evaporator

3.1

Evaporator branch

4th

Air / refrigerant heat exchanger, heating register

4.1

Heating register branch

4.10

Heating register section

4.11

Heating register section

4.15

Heating register section

4.16

Heating register section

4.20

Heating register section

4.21

Heating register section

4.25

Heating register section

4.30

Heating register section

4.40

Heating register section

4.50

Heating register section

4.60

Heating register section

5

Refrigerant compressors

6

external air-refrigerant heat exchanger

7

Storage heat exchangers

7.1

Storage heat exchanger section

7.11

Storage heat exchanger section

7.15

Storage heat exchanger section

7.2

Storage heat exchanger section

7.20

Storage heat exchanger section

7.21

Storage heat exchanger section

7.25

Storage heat exchanger section

7.26

Storage heat exchanger section

7.3

Storage heat exchanger section

7.31

Storage heat exchanger section

7.4

Storage heat exchanger section

7.5

Storage heat exchanger section

8th

Heat storage register

8.1

Heat storage register section

8.10

Heat storage register section

8.11

Heat storage register section

8.15

Heat storage register section

8.2

Heat storage register section

8.20

Heat storage register section

8.21

Heat storage register section

8.25

Heat storage register section

8.26

Heat storage register section

8.3

Heat storage register section

8.4

Heat storage register section

8.5

Heat storage register section

8.6

Heat storage register section

9

Chiller

9.0

Coolant circuit of the chiller 8th

9.1

Chiller branch

10th

accumulator

11

internal heat exchanger

12

Heat pumps-refrigerants-coolants-heat exchangers

A1

first shut-off device

A2

second shut-off device

A3

third shut-off device

A4

Shut-off device

A5

Shut-off device

From1

Branch point

Starting at 2

Branch point

From 3

Branch point

AE1

lockable first expansion organ

AE2

lockable second expansion organ

AE3

lockable expansion device

AE4

lockable expansion device

E1

Assembly part

E2

Assembly part

E3

Assembly part

K

Heat coupling

L

Supply air flow

R1

first check valve

R2

second check valve

S

System component

PT1

first pressure-temperature sensor

PT2

second pressure-temperature sensor

PT3

third pressure-temperature sensor

PT4

fourth pressure-temperature sensor

Z1

first row

Z2

second row

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 2161514 A1 [0006]
• DE 102012024080 A1 [0007]
• DE 10207344 A1 [0008]

Claims (19)

A refrigeration system (1) for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit (2) that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation, comprising: - an evaporator branch (3.1) with an evaporator (3) used for conditioning an inlet air flow (L) supplied to the vehicle interior and an expansion element (AE1) assigned to the evaporator (3), - a refrigerant compressor (5), - an external air-refrigerant heat exchanger (6) as a refrigerant condenser or gas cooler, a heating branch (2.2) with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4), by means of which the supply air flow (L) supplied to the vehicle interior can be heated in heat pump operation, - At least one heat source (5, 6, 9) whose heat can be transferred to the supply air flow (L) in the heat pump mode by means of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger (4), and - A storage heat exchanger (7) with at least one heat-storing fluid-receiving and closed chamber, whereby for the transfer of heat from the heating branch (2.2) to the storage heat exchanger (7) the same with the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2) thermally is coupled. Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 1 , in which the storage heat exchanger (7) is arranged in the supply air flow (L) downstream of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 1 , in which - the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2) is designed with at least two heating register sections (4.10, 4.20), and - the storage heat exchanger (7) with at least two storage heat exchanger sections (7.1, 7.2) is formed, each with a storage heat exchanger section (7.1, 7.2) in the supply air flow (L) downstream of a heating register section (4.10, 4.20). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 3 , in which two heating register sections (4.11, 4.20) of the air / refrigerant heat exchanger (4) are arranged between two storage heat exchanger sections (7.1, 7.2) arranged one behind the other in the supply air flow (L). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 1 , in which - the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2) is formed with at least two heating register sections (4.10, 4.20), - the heating register sections (4.10, 4.20) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to it Flow direction (R) are arranged, and - the storage heat exchanger (7) is formed with at least two storage heat exchanger sections (7.1, 7.2) which are perpendicular to the flow direction (R) in the supply air flow (L) and in an alternating sequence with the heating register sections (4.10, 4.20) are arranged in at least one row (Z1), with a storage heat exchanger section (7.1, 7.2) and a heating register section (4.10, 4.20) being connected as an assembly part without spatial separation. Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 5 , in which with the assembly part of a storage heat exchanger section (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) and a heating register section (4.10, 4.20, 4.30) a further heating register section (4.11, 4.21, 4.31) is combined in such a way that the storage heat exchanger Section (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) lies between the two heating register sections (4.10, 4.11; 4.20, 4.21; 4.30, 4.31). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 5 , in which with the assembly part of a storage heat exchanger section (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) and a heating register section 4.10, 24, 34) another storage heat exchanger section (7.11, 7.21, 7.31) is combined such that the heating register section (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) lies between the two storage heat exchanger sections (7.1, 7.11; 7.2, 7.21; 7.3, 7.31). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 5 , in which - a first row (Z1) of at least two storage heat exchanger sections (7.10, 7.11) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to its flow direction (R) and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections (4.10, 4.11) of the air - Refrigerant heat exchanger (4) are arranged, - a second row (Z2) of at least two storage heat exchanger sections (7.20, 7.21) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to its flow direction (R) and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections (4.20, 4.21) of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) are arranged, and - the two rows (Z1, Z2) in the flow direction (R) of the supply air flow (L) are arranged one behind the other and offset such that a heating register section ( 4.10, 4.11) of the first row (Z1) with a heat storage exchanger (7.20, 7.21) of the second row (Z2) in the flow direction (R) of the supply air flow (L). Refrigeration system (1) for a vehicle with a refrigerant circuit (2) that can be operated for a refrigeration system operation and a heat pump operation, comprising: - an evaporator branch (3.1) with one for conditioning the vehicle interior supplied evaporator (3) and an expansion element (AE1) assigned to the evaporator (3), - a refrigerant compressor (5), - an external air-refrigerant heat exchanger (6) as a refrigerant condenser or gas cooler, - a heating branch ( 2.2) with an air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) with which the supply air flow (L) supplied to the vehicle interior can be heated in heat pump operation, - at least one heat source (5, 6, 9) whose heat in heat pump operation by means of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) can be transferred to the supply air flow (L), and - a coolant circuit (8.0) with a heat storage register (8) designed as an air-coolant heat exchanger, with the transfer of heat from the heating branch (2.2) to the heat storage register (8) the same is thermally coupled to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 9 , in which the heat storage register (8) is arranged in the supply air flow (L) downstream of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 9 , in which - the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2) is designed with at least two heating register sections (4.10, 4.20), and - the heat storage register (8) with at least two heat storage register sections (8.1, 8.2) are arranged in the coolant circuit (8.0), a heat storage register section (8.1, 8.2) being arranged in the supply air flow (L) downstream of a heating register section (4.10, 4.20). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 9 , in which - the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) of the heating branch (2.2) is formed with at least two heating register sections (4.10, 4.20), - the heating register sections (4.10, 4.20) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to it Flow direction (R) are arranged, and - the heat storage register (8) with at least two heat storage register sections (8.1, 8.2) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to its flow direction (R) and in an alternating sequence with the heating register sections (4.10, 4.20 ) are arranged in at least one row (Z1). Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 12 , in which - a first row (Z1) of at least two heat storage register sections (8.10, 8.11) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to its flow direction (R) and in alternating order with at least two heating register sections (4.11, 4.12) of the air - Refrigerant heat exchanger (4) are arranged, - a second row (Z2) of at least two heat storage register sections (8.20, 8.21) in the supply air flow (L) perpendicular to its flow direction (R) and in an alternating sequence with at least two heating register sections (4.20, 4.21) of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) are arranged, and - the two rows (Z1, Z2) in the flow direction (R) of the supply air flow (L) are arranged one behind the other and offset such that a heating register section ( 4.10, 4.11) which (Z1) is aligned with a heat storage register section (8.20, 8.21) in the flow direction (R) of the supply air flow (L). Refrigeration system (1) according to one of the Claims 9 to 13 , in which a heat pump-coolant-coolant heat exchanger (12) arranged in the heating branch (2.2) thermally couples the heating branch (2.2) to the coolant circuit (8.0). Refrigeration system (1) according to one of the Claims 9 to 14 , in which an electrical auxiliary heater (ZH) is arranged in the coolant circuit (8.0). Refrigeration system (1) according to one of the preceding claims with a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger (9) used for cooling an electrical component of the vehicle with an associated expansion element (AE2). Refrigeration system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the external air-refrigerant heat exchanger (6) used as a heat pump evaporator is a heat source. Refrigeration system (1) after Claim 15 or 16 , in which the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger (4) is a heat source. Refrigeration system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the refrigerant compressor (5) is a heat source.

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