DE102015200334A1 - HEATING SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR AIR-CONDITIONING SUCH A VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating system (2) for an electric or hybrid vehicle that can be operated in a plurality of air-conditioning modes, with a cooling circuit (4) and with a cooling circuit (6) in which a condenser (10) and an evaporator (12) are arranged are, which are designed for heat exchange with the cooling circuit (4). The heating system (2) is characterized in that a HVS heat exchanger (16) is arranged for heat exchange with a high-voltage accumulator (18) of the vehicle in the refrigeration circuit (6) and that the condenser (10) and the evaporator (12) are set for setting the air conditioning modes ) are each switched on and off and the HVS heat exchanger (16) is switchable between at least two operating states, selected from a set of operating states comprising: evaporator operation, condenser operation and neutral operation. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for air conditioning of an electric or hybrid vehicle with such a heating system (2).

Description

The invention relates to a heating system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, which is operable in several air conditioning modes, with a cooling circuit and a refrigerant circuit in which a condenser and an evaporator are arranged, which are designed for heat exchange with the cooling circuit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for air conditioning of a hybrid or electric vehicle by means of such a heating system.

An electric or hybrid vehicle, referred to below as a vehicle for short, usually comprises a so-called high-voltage accumulator, also referred to as an electric accumulator or battery, for supplying an electric drive machine of the vehicle. The lifetime, performance and efficiency of this high-voltage battery typically depend on its temperature. In order to keep the high-voltage storage in a predetermined, in particular optimal temperature range, for example between 20 and 40 ° C, air conditioning of the high-voltage storage is often made. Depending on the ambient conditions, in particular the outside temperature, and the amount of waste heat, which is generated by the high-voltage storage itself, then carried out a cooling or heating of the high-voltage storage.

For air conditioning, the high-voltage storage is connected, for example by means of a suitable heat exchanger to a cooling circuit of the heating system of the vehicle. Especially in one of the embodiments shown there, it is possible, then, if necessary, to either cool or heat the high-voltage accumulator via the cooling circuit. For the latter, waste heat from other components of the vehicle connected to the cooling circuit is used in particular. In general, it is alternatively known to heat the high-voltage storage by means of additional heating wires. Cooling is conventionally still carried out via a cooling circuit.

Against this background, it is an object of the invention to provide a heating system that is improved in terms of its production cost, space required in the vehicle and efficiency. In addition to be possible by means of the heat system improved air conditioning of the vehicle, in particular its high-voltage storage and also be carried out. For this purpose, in particular, a suitable for air conditioning of the vehicle method should be specified.

The object is achieved by a heating system with the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 12. Advantageous embodiments, developments and variants are the subject of the dependent claims. The advantages and developments mentioned in connection with the heating system also apply mutatis mutandis to the method and vice versa.

The heating system is adapted for use in an electric or hybrid vehicle and operable in multiple air conditioning modes. The heating system comprises a cooling circuit and a cooling circuit, wherein a condenser and an evaporator are arranged in the refrigerant circuit, which are designed for heat exchange with the cooling circuit. Accordingly, the condenser and the evaporator are also arranged in the cooling circuit. In this case, it is understood in particular to mean that the respective component is designed to exchange heat with a medium circulating in the respective circuit. In the case of the refrigerant circuit then takes place a heat exchange with a cold medium, for example R744; in the case of the cooling circuit with a cooling medium, for example water or a water / glycol mixture.

For heat exchange with a high-voltage accumulator of the vehicle, an HVS heat exchanger is additionally arranged in the refrigerant circuit. For setting the air conditioning modes, this HVS heat exchanger is switchable between at least two operating states, which in turn are selected from a set of operating states, comprising: an evaporator operation, a condenser operation and a neutral operation. In addition, for adjusting the air conditioning modes of the condenser and the evaporator respectively switched on and off, that is switchable between at least two operating states, namely a condenser or evaporator operation, briefly turned on, and a neutral mode, briefly off. A respective air-conditioning mode is therefore defined in particular at least by the combination of the operating states of the three components and in particular set by suitably switching over the operating states.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that the refrigerant circuit is structurally particularly simple and by switching the operating conditions of the three components condenser, evaporator and HVS heat exchanger of the high-voltage tank of the vehicle is either heated or cooled, without reversing the flow direction in the refrigerant circuit have to. Instead, the condenser and the evaporator are switched on and off, in particular as a function of the operating state of the HVS heat exchanger, so that an evaporator and a condenser are always active in the refrigeration cycle. As a result, the heating system is advantageously particularly compact, so takes up very little space, is particularly light and, in addition, particularly cost-effective and easy to maintain due to the particularly low number of components. In particular, it is also possible, for example, for one condenser and two evaporators to be active. In particular, an additional electric heater is dispensed with, as a result of which the heat system is also significantly more efficient in terms of its energy consumption than a system with such a heater.

The condenser and the evaporator are preferably each designed as a so-called chiller and each allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant. In this case, the capacitor is in the on state, that is, in the condenser mode, the heat output from the refrigerant circuit and the evaporator is in the on state, that is in the evaporator mode for heat absorption in the refrigerant circuit. To form a heat pump, a compressor and an expansion element are furthermore arranged in the refrigeration circuit, the compressor being arranged downstream of the evaporator and upstream of the condenser, and the expansion device corresponding upstream of the evaporator and downstream of the condenser.

Neutral operation is understood in particular to mean that no heat exchange takes place on the heat exchanger operated in neutral operation, that is to say here in particular the condenser, the evaporator or the HVS heat exchanger. This can be realized, for example, in such a way that, in neutral operation, the coolant flow through the relevant heat exchanger is interrupted by closing a shut-off valve. This is especially referred to as switched off. Also, at least in the heat exchangers operable in the evaporator operation, it is possible to adjust the respective associated expansion element such that the temperature level achieved in the heat exchanger corresponds to the temperature level of the coolant or the component to be cooled. A flow through the heat exchanger with coolant is then given especially in the neutral mode. With switched off then only meant in particular the absence of heat exchange due to a lack of temperature gradient.

In a suitable embodiment, the condenser, the evaporator and the HVS heat exchanger are connected in series in a HVS branch of the refrigeration circuit, wherein the condenser is arranged upstream of the HVS heat exchanger and this in turn upstream of the evaporator. The three components thus form a series connection, wherein the HVS heat exchanger is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator. As a result, a particularly space-saving and simple design of the refrigerant circuit and thus the heat system is realized. Depending on which air conditioning requirement, ie heating, cooling or no air conditioning, is present at the high-voltage storage, the operating states of the three components are switched over. By arranging the evaporator downstream of the HVS heat exchanger, it is then possible in a first air conditioning mode to operate the HVS heat exchanger as a condenser; by the corresponding upstream arrangement of the condenser with respect to the HVS heat exchange, it is also possible to operate the same in another air conditioning mode as an evaporator. The flow direction of the refrigerant is advantageously the same in both cases. In particular, it is also possible to completely shut off the refrigerant flow by appropriately setting one of the expansion valves arranged in the HVS branch.

In particular for use in evaporator operation, the HVS heat exchanger is preferably associated with an additional expansion element. The expansion element assigned to the evaporator is then arranged in particular downstream of the HVS heat exchanger. The expansion elements are designed, for example, as expansion valves whose expansion effect is based in particular on a reduction of the flow cross-section in the cooling circuit. In order to then switch the HVS heat exchanger either in the condenser or the neutral mode, the associated expansion device is suitably acknowledged. In particular, for switching to neutral operation, the expansion element is expediently set such that a pressure level is set in the HVS heat exchanger and a corresponding temperature level which corresponds to the temperature level of the high-voltage accumulator and thus no heat exchange between the high-voltage accumulator and the refrigeration circuit. The same applies to the evaporator associated with the expansion device when turning off the evaporator. In other words, the expansion effect of the respective expansion element is expediently switched off; in an embodiment as an expansion valve, for example, by completely opening this expansion valve.

In a suitable variant of the HVS heat exchanger is connected to a separate cooling circuit from the cooling circuit, for indirect heat exchange with the high-voltage storage. In other words, the heat exchange between the refrigeration circuit and the high-voltage accumulator does not take place directly via the HVS heat exchanger but indirectly, ie indirectly via the additional auxiliary cooling circuit. For this purpose, the HVS heat exchanger is connected in accordance with the secondary cooling circuit, for example similar to the evaporator and the condenser with respect to the cooling circuit.

The auxiliary cooling circuit is preferably fluidically separated from the cooling circuit and serves in particular only the air conditioning of the high-voltage accumulator and no other component. In addition, a suitable heat exchanger for heat exchange with the high-voltage accumulator is arranged in the secondary cooling circuit. Alternatively, a heat exchange with the high-voltage storage takes place both by means of the HVS heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit and by means of the heat exchanger in the secondary cooling circuit. By means of the auxiliary cooling circuit is a spatially particularly homogeneous air conditioning of the high-voltage storage. This results in particular from the fact that the coolant guided in the secondary cooling circuit, for example water or a water / glycol mixture, has a more homogeneous temperature distribution than the refrigerant present in the HVS heat exchanger, which is frequently present both in a liquid phase and in a gaseous phase and This leads to locally very different temperatures. In view of a possibly large area of the high-voltage accumulator, therefore, a more homogeneous temperature distribution with regard to spatially more uniform air conditioning is advantageous.

The heating system is switchable according to the air conditioning requirements in the vehicle between various air conditioning modes, which serve the air conditioning of the vehicle in different situations and with different requirements and environmental conditions.

Preferably, an air conditioning mode is an HVS heating mode in which the HVS heat exchanger is switched to the condenser mode, for heating the high-voltage accumulator, and in which the evaporator is switched on, for absorbing heat from the refrigeration circuit. By this circuit of the HVS heat exchanger and the evaporator in the HVS heating mode, a heat pump for transferring heat from the cooling circuit to the high-voltage storage is created in a particularly simple manner.

To the cooling circuit in particular those components of the vehicle are connected, which generate heat as heat sources and bring heat into the cooling circuit, which is then advantageously used to heat the high-voltage storage. Such heat sources are, for example, electronics that heat up during operation, an internal combustion engine in the case of a hybrid vehicle, a rear-vent heat exchanger or a radiator that extracts heat from the surroundings of the vehicle. By using heat transferred into the refrigeration circuit by means of the evaporator from the refrigeration cycle, a particularly efficient heating of the high-voltage accumulator takes place to the effect that, in particular, no additional electrical heater is required.

In a suitable embodiment, an air conditioning mode is an HVS cooling mode, in which the condenser is switched on, for heat emission to the cooling circuit, and in which the HVS heat exchanger is switched to the evaporator mode, for cooling the high-voltage accumulator. By this circuit of the HVS heat exchanger and the condenser in HVS cooling mode, a heat pump for dissipating heat from the high-voltage accumulator is created in the cooling circuit in a particularly simple manner. In the cooling circuit, the heat is then released, for example via a radiator to the environment. Since in the HVS cooling mode, the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is the same as in the above-described HVS heating mode, these two embodiments are advantageously combined, whereby a heating system is realized with very little design effort, in a particularly simple manner between the HVS heating mode and the HVS cooling mode for the high-voltage storage is switchable. For this purpose, for example, only the two expansion elements associated with the evaporator and the HVS heat exchanger must be suitably adjusted.

In another suitable embodiment, an air conditioning mode is a HVS neutral mode in which the condenser and the evaporator are on for heat exchange with the refrigeration cycle and in which the HVS heat exchanger is switched to neutral. In neutral operation of the HVS heat exchanger in particular no active heat exchange takes place with the high-voltage accumulator. In the case of indirect air conditioning by means of a secondary cooling circuit, for example, a pump arranged in the secondary cooling circuit for conveying the coolant there is switched off for this purpose.

The HVS heat exchanger is operated in neutral mode, in particular, when the temperature of the high-voltage accumulator is within the optimum temperature range. In the HVS neutral mode then only a heat transfer from the evaporator to the condenser, ie in particular a heat exchange between different sections of the cooling circuit. For example, by means of the cooling circuit, a heat source is cooled, the waste heat from the evaporator is transferred to the refrigerant circuit, from there to the condenser and passes through this again in the cooling circuit, in particular bypassing other components connected to the cooling circuit, which advantageously does not affect in this way become.

Additionally or alternatively, in a preferred development, in at least one air conditioning mode, another component, that is to say here in particular not the high-voltage storage, of the vehicle is heated or cooled. Such a further component is for example the interior of the Vehicle or even in the case of a hybrid vehicle whose internal combustion engine. In the case of a plurality of components to be heated, cooled or to be air-conditioned, a respective air-conditioning mode then serves in particular for air-conditioning in a specific overall situation with specific individual requirements of each of the components, that is to say for optimal air-conditioning of each of the components connected to the heating system for air-conditioning.

Therefore, the embodiments described above are preferably combined with a heating concept for the interior. In an advantageous embodiment, the cooling circuit of the heating system then comprises a switchable heating circuit, in which the condenser is arranged and additionally a heating heat exchanger for heating the interior. In this embodiment, the heat, for example, from the high-voltage accumulator into the cooling circuit, is then advantageously usable by means of the heating heat exchanger for heating the interior and in particular must not be discharged unused via a radiator. In this case, the heating heat exchanger is formed, for example, as an air / coolant heat exchanger, which is overflowed to the interior heating of air, which then absorbs heat from the coolant. The heated air is then flowed into the interior.

The heating circuit is part of the cooling circuit. A switching on or off of the heating circuit is effected in particular by means of a heating circuit pump and / or by means of a suitable valve, for example a shut-off or control valve, which is arranged in particular in the heating circuit. To form the heating circuit of the heating heat exchanger, the valve and the heating circuit pump are in particular arranged together in a heating bypass of the cooling circuit of the same two branching points such that the capacitor is arranged in the heating circuit. However, the capacitor is not arranged in particular in the heating bypass and therefore advantageously also independently of this operable.

In an expedient refinement, an air-conditioning mode is an interior heating mode in which the heating circuit is switched on and the condenser is switched on to emit heat to the heating heat exchanger. This results in a particularly efficient heating of the interior in such a way that heat is generated directly from the cooling circuit for heating is used as well as additionally or alternatively heat, which is removed via the condenser from the refrigerant circuit. By suitable connection of the heating circuit, it is also possible to use the available heat only partially for indoor heating and dissipate the remaining heat, for example via a parallel to the heating bypass cooler.

In a preferred embodiment, the heating system comprises an air conditioner, by means of which in particular both a heating and a cooling of the interior space is required, if necessary. The air conditioner has an air conditioner evaporator connected to the refrigeration cycle for indoor cooling in an air conditioning mode that is an indoor cooling mode. The air-conditioning evaporator then transfers heat from the interior to the cooling circuit during operation. In particular, the same applies to the air-conditioner evaporator already mentioned above in connection with the HVS heat exchanger and the evaporator. Thus, in particular, the air conditioning evaporator corresponding operating conditions. Preferably, the heating heat exchanger is part of the air conditioner. By a combined operation is then advantageously a dehumidification of the interior feasible. Preferably, therefore, an air conditioning mode is a dehumidification mode in which the air conditioning evaporator is activated and the heating circuit is switched on. The air which has flowed into the interior is then first cooled down on the air-conditioning evaporator, whereby water contained in the air condenses out. Subsequently, the air is then heated again by the heating heat exchanger.

The air-conditioning evaporator is arranged in the refrigeration circuit, in particular in a climate branch parallel to the HVS branch. Here, by "parallel" is meant, in particular, that a branch is arranged downstream of the condenser or in which a branch is formed and a first refrigerant flow flows in the direction of the HVS heat exchanger and of the evaporator and a second refrigerant flow in the direction of the air-conditioning evaporator. In this way two parallel branches are formed. In this case, the climate evaporator is preceded in particular by a separate expansion element, by means of which the second refrigerant flow is adjusted as required. In particular, the air conditioning branch can then be switched on independently of the HVS branch, that is to say the interior cooling is possible if necessary and takes place, in particular, independently of the heat absorption in the cooling circuit via the evaporator and the HVS heat exchanger.

Often, the vehicle has a dependent component that operates only as a function of a major component. For example, in a hybrid vehicle, a generator connected to the engine as a main component is operated as a dependent component only when the engine is on. Also, power electronics associated with the high-voltage memory are usually operated only when the high-voltage memory is used. A Air conditioning of the dependent component is then expediently carried out as a function of the air conditioning of the main component.

For this purpose, in a preferred development of the heating system, a dependent component is connected to the cooling circuit by being connected in parallel with the capacitor. The dependent component and the capacitor are then switched on or off in particular by means of a common valve in the cooling circuit. In particular, by a common shutdown results in a particularly efficient operation of the heating system characterized in that the required to promote the coolant in the cooling circuit flow rate of a corresponding cooling circuit pump is significantly reduced and energy is saved in this way. For example, the main component of the high-voltage storage and the dependent component is a power electronics, which only needs to be cooled, although the high-voltage storage must be cooled. However, if the high-voltage accumulator requires no cooling, then heat exchange via the condenser is not required and this is correspondingly switched off, that is to say operated in neutral operation and not in condenser operation. Since then but also on the power electronics as a dependent component no heat dissipation is necessary, the coolant flow is advantageously switched off by the power electronics together with the coolant flow through the condenser, in particular by means of a common valve. There is thus in particular a demand-based cooling of the dependent component, which is here in particular a heat source.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of the thermal system, in particular its special interconnection, the air conditioning concepts described above in connection with the various air conditioning modes are advantageously also combined. A particular advantage of the invention therefore results from the fact that due to appropriate combinations an optimal and needs-based air conditioning of individual components in the entire heating system is possible.

In particular, it is advantageously possible in the HVS heating mode to selectively heat, cool or dehumidify the interior. For example, the air conditioning system for heating both the high-voltage storage and the interior is operated simultaneously in the HVS heating mode and in the indoor heating mode. For this purpose, then both the condenser and the evaporator are turned on and the HVS heat exchanger is operated in the condenser mode. Heat then passes from connected to the cooling circuit heat sources in the cooling circuit, from there via the evaporator in the refrigerant circuit, is then divided on the condenser and the HVS heat exchanger, on the one hand for heating the high-voltage accumulator and the other to the interior heating via the heating heat exchanger heating circuit. By additional connection of the air-evaporator is then alternatively or additionally a dehumidification of the interior air supplied to the interior. Alternatively, by switching off the capacitor, the heating circuit and the air conditioner evaporator, only a heating of the high-voltage accumulator. Overall, in the air conditioning modes mentioned here, the evaporator is in each case switched on, a condensation of the refrigerant takes place either in the condenser, in the HVS heat exchanger or in both.

In contrast, in HVS neutral mode and HVS cooling mode, the condenser is always on, and vaporization of the refrigerant to absorb heat into the refrigeration circuit is advantageously done either via the HVS heat exchanger in evaporator operation or via the corresponding on evaporator or both. Especially in the latter case, the refrigerant in the HVS heat exchanger initially absorbs heat and is then further heated in the evaporator, possibly even superheated. By the operation of the condenser, the heat system can then also be operated simultaneously in the interior heating mode, in particular both in the HVS neutral mode and in the HVS cooling mode.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:

1 a heating system in HVS heating mode,

2 the heating system in HVS cooling mode, and

3 the heating system in HVS neutral mode.

The 1 to 3 show an embodiment of a thermal system 2 This is shown in the figures in different air conditioning modes. In the variant shown here, the heating system is used 2 the thermal management in an electric vehicle, not shown, which is also referred to as a vehicle in the following. This includes the heating system 2 a cooling circuit 4 and a cooling circuit 6 , where the lines of the refrigeration circuit 6 are shown as dashed lines; the solid lines represent the lines of the cooling circuit 4 In addition, the flow directions of the refrigerant and the refrigerant in the 1 to 3 illustrated by arrows.

The refrigeration circuit 6 is designed as a heat pump and initially includes a compressor 8th . a capacitor 10 , an evaporator 12 and an upstream expansion element 14 , Upstream of the evaporator 12 and downstream of the condenser 10 is a HVS heat exchanger 16 connected to the refrigeration circuit, which is its own organ of expansion 14 assigned. The HVS heat exchanger 16 serves the air conditioning of a high-voltage storage 18 of the vehicle, which here indirectly via a secondary cooling circuit 20 is air conditioned. This is here from the cooling circuit 4 fluidically separated, that is, there is no exchange of coolant between the two circuits. An air conditioning of high-voltage storage 18 then takes place accordingly by heat exchange with the auxiliary cooling circuit 20 in turn, via the HVS heat exchanger 16 with the refrigerant circuit 6 Exchanges heat. in an alternative not shown here, however, is on the auxiliary cooling circuit 20 dispensed and air conditioning of high-voltage storage 18 takes place directly by means of the HVS heat exchanger 16 by heat exchange with the refrigerant circuit 4 , The cooling circuit 4 is with the refrigerant circuit 6 by means of the capacitor 10 and the evaporator 12 thermally connected, to exchange heat. Consequently, then in operation by means of the evaporator 12 the cooling circuit 4 Heat removable and the refrigerant circuit 6 fed and by means of the capacitor 10 Heat from the refrigeration circuit 6 in the cooling circuit 4 transferable. The heating system shown here 2 However, it also allows as needed control of the heat exchange between the cooling circuit 4 and cooling circuit 6 such that different air conditioning modes of the capacitor 10 or the evaporator 12 be turned off and instead the HVS heat exchanger 16 the corresponding function takes over. This is the HVS heat exchanger 16 here switchable between three operating states, namely an evaporator operation, for heat absorption, a condenser operation, for heat dissipation and a neutral operation, in which no active heat exchange with the auxiliary cooling circuit 20 he follows. Depending on the respective operating state of the HVS heat exchanger 16 then, if appropriate, the capacitor 10 or the evaporator 12 switched off, that is put into a neutral mode, in which no heat exchange takes place.

To clarify the heat exchange between the cooling circuit 4 and the refrigerant circuit 6 are in the 1 to 3 the respective directions of heat transfer through arrows on the capacitor 10 , at the HVS heat exchanger 16 and at the evaporator 12 shown. It shows 1 the heating system in a HVS heating mode where the HVS heat exchanger 16 In condenser mode, heat to the secondary cooling circuit 20 gives off and the evaporator 12 Heat from the cooling circuit 4 receives. The capacitor 10 is turned off. In a variant, not shown, however, this is turned on and transfers heat from the refrigerant circuit 6 in the cooling circuit 4 ,

2 shows the heating system 2 in a HVS cooling mode, where the high-voltage storage 18 by heat exchange from the secondary cooling circuit 20 in the refrigeration circuit 6 is cooled. This is the HVS heat exchanger 16 switched to an evaporator operation. For heat removal from the refrigerant circuit is the capacitor 10 activated accordingly; the evaporator 12 is initially not needed and is therefore in 2 switched off. In an alternative, not shown, the evaporator 12 however, it also operates in the HVS cooling mode and takes extra heat into the refrigerant circuit 6 ,

In 3 is finally the heating system 2 in a HVS neutral mode, where the HVS heat exchanger 16 operated in neutral mode and no heat exchange between the auxiliary cooling circuit 20 and the refrigerant circuit 6 he follows. In contrast, the capacitor 10 and the evaporator 12 both turned on.

The compressor 8th , the capacitor 10 , the HVS heat exchanger 16 and the evaporator 12 are consecutive in a HVS branch 22 of the refrigeration circuit 6 arranged. This also points parallel to the HVS branch 22 a climate branch 24 in which another expansion organ 14 is arranged as well as a climate evaporator 26 , which is used here for cooling air in the interior of the vehicle not shown in detail, that is, for the interior cooling by absorbing heat in the refrigerant circuit 6 , The climate evaporator 26 is also part of an air conditioner here 28 , which continues to have a heating heat exchanger 30 for interior heating. This is to the cooling circuit 4 connected, in a heating circuit 32 by means of a heating bypass 34 as part of the cooling circuit 4 is formed. Also the capacitor 10 is in the heating circuit 32 arranged and thus allows a supply of heat from the refrigerant circuit 6 in the heating circuit 32 , for interior heating by means of the heating heat exchanger 30 in an indoor heating mode. Alternatively, the interior is in an indoor cooling mode by means of the air-conditioner evaporator 26 also coolable. By a combination can be in a dehumidifying mode and a dehumidification of the air supplied to the interior by means of the air conditioner 28 achieve.

In the cooling circuit 4 are again other components 36 . 38 arranged the vehicle to be cooled and / or heated and represent a heat source or a heat sink or possibly completely disabled. In the embodiment shown here is in the cooling circuit 4 first a cooler 40 arranged to exchange heat with the ambient air, that is the air in the environment outside the vehicle. To convey the coolant is downstream of the radiator 40 a cooling circuit pump 42 arranged. Downstream of this is the capacitor 10 arranged and in the variant shown here parallel to the here acting as a heat source components 36 . 38 of the vehicle. These components 36 . 38 For example, a charging electronics, an electric drive machine or a generator of the vehicle. Is one of the components 36 . 38 switched on, this generates heat, which by means of the cooling circuit 4 is dissipated. This is the appropriate component 36 . 38 in a suitable manner, for example by means of a suitable heat exchanger to the cooling circuit 4 connected. In general, "connected to the cooling circuit" means that the corresponding component is suitably connected to the heat exchange with the coolant of the cooling circuit, for example by means of a coolant flowing through or around the heat exchanger.

The component 38 is here in particular a dependent component 38 leading to the capacitor 10 is connected in parallel and their air conditioning in the embodiment shown here of the air conditioning of the high-voltage memory 20 is dependent. If this is not cooled, so also requires the dependent component 38 no cooling, so that on this as well as on the capacitor 10 no coolant flow is needed and accordingly the pumping power of the cooling circuit pump 42 is reduced.

The air conditioning modes for air conditioning the interior are in the heat system shown here 2 In particular, regardless of the air conditioning modes for air conditioning of the high-voltage storage 18 adjustable and executable. For example, in HVS heating mode, it is the 1 possible, in addition to the capacitor 10 to activate the heating circuit 32 to switch on interior heating. For this purpose, in the heating bypass 34 a corresponding heating circuit pump 44 activated and a valve 46 open. Like from the 2 and 3 this is also possible in the HVS cooling mode and in the HVS neutral mode, in the latter case the capacitor 10 already turned on and only the heating bypass 34 must be activated.

In particular, for switching on and off of the coolant flow through the condenser 10 is here in front of the radiator 40 a corresponding control valve 48 arranged in the case of a switched-off capacitor 10 its return to the radiator 40 shuts off. In this way it is possible to use the cooling circuit pump 42 operate at reduced power and save energy accordingly. With the capacitor switched on 10 , becomes the control valve 48 switched accordingly. In particular, in the indoor heating mode, the heating heat exchanger 30 only part of the capacitor 10 in the heating circuit 32 introduced heat to use for indoor heating, allows the control valve 48 a corresponding mixing state such that a part of the heat from the heating circuit 32 over the radiator 40 is discharged, rather than in the heating bypass 34 to get.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

heating system

4

cooling circuit

6

cooling circuit

8th

compressor

10

capacitor

12

Evaporator

14

expansion element

16

HVS heat exchanger

18

High-voltage battery

20

Secondary cooling circuit

22

HVS-branch

24

Air-branch

26

Air-evaporator

28

air conditioning

30

Heating heat exchanger

32

heating circuit

34

Heating bypass

36

component

38

Component (dependent)

40

cooler

42

Cooling circuit pump

44

Heating circuit pump

46

Valve

48

control valve

Claims (12)

Heating system ( 2 ) for an electric or hybrid vehicle that is operable in multiple air conditioning modes, with a refrigeration cycle ( 4 ) as well as with a cooling circuit ( 6 ), in which a capacitor ( 10 ) and an evaporator ( 12 ) arranged for heat exchange with the cooling circuit ( 4 ) are formed, characterized in that for heat exchange with a high-voltage storage ( 18 ) of the vehicle in the refrigeration circuit ( 6 ) an HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) and that for adjusting the air conditioning modes, the capacitor ( 10 ) and the evaporator ( 12 ) are switched on and off and the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) is switchable between at least two operating states, selected from a set of operating states comprising: evaporator operation, condenser operation and neutral operation. Heating system ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the capacitor ( 10 ), the evaporator ( 12 ) and the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) together in an HVS branch ( 22 ) of the refrigeration circuit ( 6 ) are connected in series, the capacitor ( 10 ) upstream of the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) and this in turn upstream of the evaporator ( 12 ). Heating system ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) with one from the cooling circuit ( 4 ) separate secondary cooling circuit ( 20 ), for indirect heat exchange with the high-voltage accumulator ( 18 ). Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air-conditioning mode is an HVS heating mode in which the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) is switched to the condenser mode, for heating the high-voltage memory ( 18 ), and in which the evaporator ( 12 ) is switched on, for absorbing heat from the cooling circuit ( 4 ). Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air conditioning mode is an HVS cooling mode in which the condenser ( 10 ) is switched on, for heat transfer to the cooling circuit ( 4 ), and in which the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) is switched to the evaporator mode, for cooling the high-voltage memory ( 18 ). Heating system ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an air conditioning mode is a HVS neutral mode in which the condenser ( 10 ) and the evaporator ( 12 ) are switched on, for heat exchange with the cooling circuit ( 4 ), and that the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) is switched to neutral mode. Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to the cooling circuit ( 4 ) a dependent component ( 38 ) by connecting them to the capacitor ( 10 ) is connected in parallel, and that an air conditioning of the dependent component ( 38 ) depending on air conditioning of a main component ( 18 . 26 ) he follows. Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this an air conditioner ( 28 ), with a to the refrigerant circuit ( 6 ) connected air conditioning evaporator ( 26 ), for indoor cooling in an air conditioning mode, which is an indoor cooling mode. Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling circuit ( 4 ) a switchable heating circuit ( 32 ), in which the capacitor ( 10 ) and a heating heat exchanger ( 30 ) for interior heating. Heating system ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that an air conditioning mode is an indoor heating mode in which the heating circuit ( 32 ) is switched on and the capacitor ( 10 ), for heat transfer to the heating heat exchanger ( 30 ). Heating system ( 2 ) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that in the refrigeration circuit ( 6 ) a switchable climate evaporator ( 26 ) is arranged for interior cooling, and an air conditioning mode is a dehumidifying mode in which the air-conditioning evaporator ( 26 ) is activated and the heating circuit ( 32 ) is switched on. Method for the air conditioning of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a heating system ( 2 ), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, which can be operated in a plurality of air-conditioning modes, with a cooling circuit ( 4 ) as well as with a cooling circuit ( 6 ), in which a capacitor ( 10 ) and an evaporator ( 12 ) arranged for heat exchange with the cooling circuit ( 4 ) and with a HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ), for heat exchange with a high-voltage accumulator ( 18 ) of the vehicle, wherein a respective air conditioning mode is set by the capacitor ( 10 ) and the evaporator ( 12 ) are switched on or off and by the HVS heat exchanger ( 16 ) is switched between at least two operating states, selected from a set of operating states comprising: evaporator operation, condenser operation and neutral operation.

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