DE102018217042A1 - Heavy duty scaffolding tower in an optimized modular scaffolding design - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) with four multi-part scaffolding stand bundles (16), each arranged in a corner region (14a) of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10), each in the circumferential direction of the scaffolding tower (16) via first horizontal bars (20) and vertical diagonals (22) are chained together. The scaffold stand bundles (16) each comprise four scaffold post units (24) arranged in its corner regions (14b), which are each arranged parallel to the vertical axis (12) of the scaffold tower (10) and which each have a plurality of intermeshed scaffold posts (28) with scaffold rosettes (30) include. A plurality of spacer plates (46) are arranged between the scaffold arm units (24), by means of which the scaffold arm units (24) are kept at a distance from one another. The multi-part scaffold stand bundles (16) have a plurality of second horizontal bars (64) which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction, the second horizontal bars (64) each being arranged on and strictly along the longitudinal axis of one of the first horizontal bars (20) and in each case engage in a scaffold rosette (30) of two scaffold stem units (24) arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal center axis (26) of the scaffold stem unit (24) and connect them detachably and invariably with each other. The second horizontal bars (64) are arranged at least partially crosswise in the axial direction relative to one another.

Description

The invention relates to a heavy-duty scaffolding tower in an optimized modular scaffolding design. Heavy-duty scaffolding towers are used as a scaffolding in the construction sector and are mainly used for projects in which large loads have to be diverted. The heavy-duty scaffolding towers are used in practice especially in industrial and bridge construction and can be assembled and used either as a single tower, as a yoke plate or in the form of a space scaffold. As a rule, the heavy-duty scaffolding towers must have a vertical height between 10 meters and 50 meters.

In construction practice, heavy-duty scaffolding towers are often built in modular scaffolding from a large number of standard system components from a manufacturer-specific scaffolding system. The large number of standard system components required for the assembly of the heavy-duty scaffolding towers inevitably results in high deployment, assembly and disassembly costs.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a heavy-duty scaffolding tower which, in comparison to conventional heavy-duty scaffolding towers, can be realized with fewer standard system components while maintaining the load-bearing capacity and which is overall easier and quicker to assemble and disassemble.

This object is achieved by a heavy-duty scaffold tower according to claim 1. Preferred developments of the inventions are specified in the subclaims and in the description.

The heavy-duty scaffold tower according to the invention has, in a manner known per se, four multi-part scaffold stand bundles which are each arranged in a corner region of the scaffold tower and are linked to one another in the circumferential direction of the scaffold tower via first horizontal bars and vertical diagonals. Each individual scaffold stand bundle comprises four scaffold post units arranged in its corner areas, each of which is arranged parallel to the vertical axis of the scaffold tower and which each comprise a plurality of nested scaffold posts with scaffold rosettes.

According to the invention, the heavy-duty scaffold tower has a plurality of spacer plates, which are each arranged between the scaffold post units of each multi-part scaffold stand bundle and via which the scaffold post units are kept at a distance from one another. The spacer plates are each provided with indentations on the edge. Each scaffold arm unit of the relevant multi-part scaffold stand bundle engages in one of the indentations of each spacer plate.

The heavy-duty scaffold tower according to the invention further comprises a plurality of second horizontal bars which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction. These second horizontal bars are each on and in the direction of the longitudinal axis L one of the first horizontal bars arranged to extend and each engage in a scaffold rosette of two scaffold arm units arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the multi-part scaffold stand bundle, in order to connect them detachably and invariably at a distance or to mechanically couple them to one another. Every second horizontal bar of each (multi-part) scaffold stand bundle and a first horizontal bar of the heavy-duty scaffold tower are thus strictly or substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first horizontal bar.

The second horizontal bars are according to the invention in the axial direction, i. H. in the direction of the longitudinal central axis, at least partially arranged crosswise relative to each other. The heavy-duty scaffolding tower according to the invention can be constructed from manufacturer-specific system components in a manner corresponding to the multi-part scaffolding column bundles usually used in construction, but can be implemented with a smaller total number of individual system components.

The multi-part scaffold stand bundles have a different assembly of their parts.

Because only two of the four scaffold post units of each scaffold stand bundle are fastened to each other via a respective second horizontal bar on each connecting or node level of the multi-part scaffold stand bundle, the number of these second horizontal bars, which are shorter than the first horizontal bars, can be halved or essentially halved . The spacer plates contribute on the one hand to a simplified structure and on the other hand to a - in the transverse direction of the vertical axis of the scaffolding tower - biaxial position stabilization of each scaffold post unit of the respective scaffold post bundle relative to the other scaffold post units.

It should be noted that regardless of the reduced number of standard system components required for its assembly, the heavy-duty scaffolding tower can be provided with sufficient bending and shear rigidity and at the same time with a sufficiently large load-bearing capacity.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the second horizontal bars of each (multi-part) scaffold stand bundle are arranged at least partially crosswise relative to one another in the axial direction. In a particularly preferred manner, second horizontal bars of each bundle of scaffolding stands arranged one after the other in the axial direction are arranged crosswise relative to one another. As a result, the respective scaffold stand bundle can be provided over its entire longitudinal extent or essentially over its entire longitudinal extent with a uniformly high resistance to bending, shear and torsion. The second horizontal bars of each scaffold stand bundle are therefore fastened alternately in the axial direction in the scaffold rosettes of different scaffold post units.

According to the invention, the vertical diagonals of the scaffold tower are preferably detachably attached at both ends to one of the first horizontal bars of the scaffold tower. A connection of the vertical diagonals to the individual rosettes of the scaffold stem units is therefore unnecessary. If the horizontal ledgers each have several connection positions for such vertical diagonals, depending on the forces acting on them, the vertical diagonals can also be doubled if necessary. For example, two vertical diagonals, each arranged parallel to one another, can engage at least part of the horizontal bars. As a result, the load bearing capacity of the heavy-duty support tower can be stiffened in accordance with the requirements.

According to a particularly preferred development, each spacer plate lies loosely on one of the second horizontal bars. This eliminates the need for complex fastening measures. The spacer plate is already sufficiently secured against undesired dislocation relative to the scaffold stand bundle for most applications by engagement of the four scaffold arm units.

At least some of the spacer plates or possibly all spacer plates of the heavy-duty scaffold tower can each be detachably fastened to the scaffold rosette of two scaffold posts by one of the second horizontal bolts, the horizontal bolt preferably reaching through the respective spacer plate in sections. As a result, the spacer plate can, if necessary, be releasably attached to two scaffolding units of the respective scaffold stand bundle or fixed immovably in the axial direction.

From a manufacturing point of view, the spacer plates according to the invention preferably each have plane-parallel top and bottom sides. As a result, the spacer plates can be economically cut or punched out of a sheet metal at low cost. From a cost point of view, the spacer plates are preferably all identical in construction. This minimizes the manufacturing, storage and transport costs and simplifies the assembly of the heavy-duty scaffold tower.

The second horizontal bars of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower, the scaffolding posts and / or the first horizontal bars can each be constructed identically. As a result, the advantages of using standard system scaffolding components of a manufacturer-specific scaffolding system can be fully exploited.

According to the invention, the first horizontal bars can each be arranged offset from one another in the axial direction on adjacent sides of the scaffolding tower. On the one hand, this enables a simplified assembly of the scaffold tower. On the other hand, a particularly uniform load distribution can be achieved in this way, in particular when the scaffolding tower is subjected to bending stress.

The scaffolding tower particularly preferably has a square or rectangular cross-sectional shape. As a result, the scaffolding tower can be provided and assembled with a particularly large number of identical parts and thus at particularly low cost.

The scaffold stand bundles of the heavy-duty scaffold tower preferably each have a rectangular, in particular square or diamond-shaped cross-sectional shape.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the drawing. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for the description of the invention.

• 1 einen Schwerlast-Gerüstturm mit vier in seinen Eckbereichen angeordneten Gerüstständerbündeln, die jeweils 4 Gerüststieleinheiten mit ineinandergesteckten Gerüststielen aufweisen, wobei die Gerüstständerbündel mittels erster Horizontalriegel über jeweils nur zwei Gerüststieleinheiten untereinander verkettet sind;
• 2 den Schwerlast-Gerüstturm gemäß 1 in einer Draufsicht;
• 3 den Schwerlast-Gerüstturm gemäß 1 in einer Schnittdarstellung gemäß der in 2 mit A-A bezeichneten Schnittebene;
• 4 eine Distanzplatte eines mehrteilig aufgebauten Gerüstständerbündels des Schwerlast-Gerüstturms gemäß 1 in einer freigestellten perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 5 einen Detailausschnitt des Schwerlast-Gerüstturms gemäß 1, in einer Draufsicht;
• 6 einen Detailausschnitt des Schwerlast-Gerüstturms gemäß 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 7 ein Gerüstständerbündel des Schwerlast-Gerüstturms gemäß 1 während dessen Montage, in einer ausschnittsweisen perspektivischen Ansicht; und

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:

• 1 a heavy-duty scaffold tower with four scaffold stand bundles arranged in its corner areas, each of which has 4 scaffold post units with nested scaffold posts, the scaffold post bundles being linked to one another by means of first horizontal bars via only two scaffold post units;
• 2nd the heavy duty scaffolding tower 1 in a top view;
• 3rd the heavy duty scaffolding tower 1 in a sectional view according to the in 2nd With AA designated cutting plane;
• 4th a spacer plate of a multi-part scaffold stand bundle according to the heavy-duty scaffold tower 1 in an isolated perspective view;
• 5 a detailed section of the heavy-duty scaffold tower according 1 , in a top view;
• 6 a detailed section of the heavy-duty scaffold tower according 1 in a perspective view;
• 7 a scaffold stand bundle according to the heavy-duty scaffold tower 1 during its assembly, in a partial perspective view; and

1 shows a heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th , which is essentially made up of standard system components from a manufacturer-specific modular scaffolding system. The heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th has a rectangular, here square, cross-sectional shape. The vertical axis of the heavy-duty scaffold tower is included 12th designated. In every corner area 14 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th is a multi-part scaffold stand bundle 16 arranged. The scaffold stand bundle 16 are in the circumferential direction of the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th , ie in the area of all four sides 18th of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th , each via the first horizontal ledger 20th chained together. Vertical diagonals 22 serve to stiffen the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th . The first horizontal bars 18th are all identical in construction and also the vertical diagonals 22 are all identical in construction.

The individual multi-part scaffold stand bundles 16 each have a diamond-shaped or preferably a square cross-sectional shape. Every scaffold stand bundle 16 comprises four scaffolding stands or scaffold post units arranged in its corner areas 24th . The scaffold units 24th extend along the longitudinal central axis 26 of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 . Any longitudinal central axis 26 is to the vertical axis 12th of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th arranged in parallel.

Each scaffold unit 24th includes several scaffolding stems 28 with connection or scaffold rosettes 30th . These scaffolding rosettes 30th are also known as perforated disks. The scaffold rosettes 30th are along the scaffolding stems 28 , hence in the direction of the longitudinal central axis 26 of the relevant scaffold stand bundle 16 , from each other, especially with a uniform grid dimension 32 , for example 50 cm, on the respective scaffold stem 28 arranged. The individual scaffolding stems 28 of each scaffold unit 24th are in a manner known per se via in 1 Push bolts or the like, not shown, inserted into one another.

The heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th has a vertical height 34 based primarily on the number and length 36 the nested scaffolding stems 28 the scaffold units 24th is determined. Through the scaffolding stems 28 shows the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th thus stacked height modules or height segments 38 on. It is understood that the heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th in operation at its height 34 is or is adapted to actual needs. The length 36 the scaffolding posts of a height segment 38 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th can be, for example, 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 4m.

It should be noted that the first horizontal bars which follow one another in the vertical direction immediately 20th on each side of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th across vertical diagonals 22 are striving against each other. The vertical diagonals 22 are at both ends directly on one of the horizontal bars 20th attached. A respective joint or connection level (in 1 not shown) between directly adjacent height segments 38 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th is preferably on each side of the heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th through at least one of the vertical diagonals 22 spanned. The connection level intersects the joint areas of the scaffold posts 28 two directly adjacent height segments 38 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th .

The first horizontal bars 20th are according to 1 at both ends on a scaffold rosette 30th of a scaffold stick 28 two scaffold arm units 24th releasably attached. The scaffold units 24th can have so-called short or base stems on the foot side 40 , especially those with a threaded spindle 42 and footplate 44 , each with the lowest scaffold stems 28 coupled, in particular inserted into them.

2nd shows the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th in a top view. The square cross-sectional shape of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th is easy to recognize. The scaffold stand bundle 16 in turn also have a square cross-sectional shape.

It should be noted that the scaffold stand bundle 16 several spacer plates each 46 exhibit. The spacer plates 46 are between the scaffolding units 24th of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 arranged and serve all scaffold post units 24th of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 to keep relative to each other at a distance, ie to support each other in a radial direction with respect to the longitudinal center axis. About that the spacer plates also serve as the scaffold post units 24th on both sides transverse to their local radius with respect to the longitudinal central axis 26 of the relevant scaffold stand bundle 16 to fix or support. On the spacer plates 46 will be discussed below in connection with the 4th to 7 discussed in more detail.

According to 2nd are the scaffold stand bundles 16 with its corner areas relative to the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th about their respective longitudinal central axis 26 arranged rotated by 45 °. The vertical diagonals 22 are with respect to the vertical axis 12th of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th all in a radial direction outside the horizontal bars 20th arranged to maximally stiffen the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th as well as simplified assembly and disassembly of the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th to ensure.

According to the in 3rd shown sectional view of the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th grab the vertical diagonals 22 in each case at an end region of the respectively assigned horizontal bar 20th on. The vertical diagonals 22 one side 18th of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower are all arranged parallel to each other. The butt or connection levels T between individual height segments 38 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower are in 3rd clearly visible.

4th shows a single spacer plate 46 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th in an isolated perspective view. The spacer plate 46 has a top 48 and a bottom 50 on, which are executed plane-parallel to each other. This allows the spacer plate 46 can be cut out or punched out inexpensively from a sheet. The spacer plate 46 are preferably made of steel or aluminum in order to ensure sufficient flexural strength and durability for the construction sector. Other materials are also conceivable, for example fiber composite materials, such as those used in lightweight construction.

The spacer plate 46 has four indentations on the edge 52 on. When the heavy-duty scaffold tower is assembled 10th ( 1 ) grips every single scaffold arm unit 24th the one with the spacer plate 46 provided scaffold stand bundle 16 in one of these indentations 52 the spacer plate 46 in one to the central axis 54 the spacer plate 46 radial direction. The dents 52 are on the outside diameter of the scaffold posts 28 or the scaffold stem units formed therefrom 24th Voted. This allows the scaffolding posts 28 or the scaffold arm units 24th from the spacer plate 46 can be gripped or clasped laterally with as little play as possible. The spacer plate 46 can according to in 4th Embodiment shown shown to be cross-shaped and accordingly four arms 56 have at their free end with one of the indentations 52 are provided.

The spacer plate 46 is with additional first and second through recesses 58 , 60 Mistake. The first through recesses 58 are in the radial direction further out on the spacer plate 46 arranged as the second through recesses 60 . About the first passage recesses 58 can the spacer plate 46 for example by means of a horizontal bolt on the scaffold rosette 30th two scaffold arm units 24th of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 ( 1 ) are releasably attached. The second passage recesses 60 correspond in shape and size to the hook openings or through recesses of the perforated disks or scaffolding rosettes 30th the one at the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th used scaffolding stems 28 ( 1 ). This allows the connection of further scaffolding components from the manufacturer-specific standard modular system to the spacer plate 46 to the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th to be able to detachably couple to one side of other scaffolding components or to a building (not shown in the drawing).

In 5 is a detailed section of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th according to 1 with two scaffold stand bundles 16 shown in a top view. In this view there are two spacer plates 46 of the two scaffold stand bundles shown 16 clearly visible. The spacer plates 46 are in the longitudinal direction of the heavy-duty scaffold tower ( 1 ) each at the same height and between those with the spacer plate 46 to stabilize scaffold post units 24th of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 arranged. Any spacer plate 46 encompasses each of the scaffold arm units 24th of the relevant scaffold stand bundle 16 on the outside at least over a circumferential angle α of at least 180 °. According to 5 grab the first horizontal bars 20th at every connection or node level 62 the scaffold stand bundle 16 each in a scaffold rosette 30th different scaffold arm units 24th on. The scaffold stand bundle 16 each have several second horizontal bars 64 on. The second horizontal bars 64 are each shorter than the first horizontal bars 20th . It should be noted that the second horizontal bar 64 each on the longitudinal axis L one of the first horizontal bars 20th of the heavy-duty scaffold tower are arranged and strictly in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of this first horizontal bar 20th extend. Every second horizontal bar 64 thus extends together with a first horizontal bar arranged on the same connection level 20th on and along a common axis (= longitudinal axis L ). The second horizontal bar 64 reaches into a scaffold rosette 30th two with respect to the longitudinal central axis 26 of the scaffold stand bundle 16 or the central axis 54 the spacer plate 46 scaffold shaft units arranged diametrically opposite one another 24th and connects them detachably and invariably with each other.

The second horizontal bars 64 of every bundle of scaffolding stands 16 are according to 6 in the axial direction with respect to the vertical axis of the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th at least partially arranged crosswise. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the second horizontal bars which follow one another directly in the axial direction are 64 arranged crosswise relative to each other. Due to the pairwise coupling of two different scaffold arm units, which alternate in the axial direction 24th can each bundle of scaffolding stands 16 of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th with a reduced number of horizontal bars 20th , 64 will be realized. This shortens the construction and dismantling times of the heavy-duty scaffold tower 10th and enables cost savings. The bending and shear rigidity of the scaffold stand bundle 16 as well as the entire heavy-duty scaffolding tower 10th is not least due to the use of the spacer plates 46 maintained.

The first horizontal bars 20th indicate according to 6 at each end, several lateral through recesses or bores 66 for the detachable connection of the vertical diagonals 22 on. This allows multiple vertical diagonals 22 on the relevant first horizontal bar 20th be connected. If necessary, two horizontal bars can be used 20th on the same side of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower 18th over two vertical diagonals running parallel to each other 22 are or can be releasably coupled to one another.

In 7 is the heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th shown during its assembly. The aforementioned trunnion 68 the scaffolding stems 28 on the other scaffolding stems 28 can be easily plugged on. The spacer plates 46 are loosened from above between the scaffolding stems 28 or scaffold units 24th of the respective scaffold stand bundle 16 inserted. The spacer plates 46 following gravity, slide to the nearest second horizontal bar 64 of the scaffolding bundle 16 and lie loosely on it when assembled. An additional securing of the spacer plates 46 on the scaffold arm units 24th is not mandatory.

The first horizontal bars 20th , the second horizontal ledger 64 and the spacer plates 46 are each of identical construction in the embodiment shown in the drawing and each have the same dimensions.

The heavy duty scaffolding tower 10th ( 1 ) can therefore only because of the spacer plates 46 be constructed in a different construction from known manufacturer-specific system scaffold components. The use of the heavy load scaffolding tower according to the invention 10th allowed with a sufficiently large load capacity of the scaffold tower 10th considerable time and cost savings on construction.

Claims (14)

Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) with four scaffold stand bundles (16) each arranged in a corner region (14) of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10), each bundled together in the circumferential direction of the scaffolding tower (16) via first horizontal bars (20) and vertical diagonals (22) , with each scaffold stand bundle (16) comprising: four scaffold stem units (24) arranged in its corner areas, each arranged parallel to the vertical axis (12) of the scaffold tower (10) and each comprising a plurality of nested scaffold posts (28) with scaffold rosettes (30), - A plurality of spacer plates (46), which are each arranged between the scaffold stem units (24) and via which the scaffold stem units (24) are kept at a distance from one another, the spacer plates (46) being provided with indentations (52) on the edges, and each Scaffold stem unit (24) engages in one of the indentations (52) of each spacer plate (46); - A plurality of second horizontal bars (64) which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction, the second horizontal bars (64) each being arranged on and in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of one of the first horizontal bars (20) and each in a scaffold rosette (30) of two scaffold arm units (24) arranged diametrically opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal central axis (26) of the scaffold arm unit (24), in order to connect them releasably and invariably at a distance, and wherein the second horizontal bars (64) in the direction of the vertical axis (12) are at least partially relative to one another are arranged crosswise. Heavy duty scaffolding tower (10) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that second horizontal bars (64) of each bundle of scaffolding stands (16) arranged directly one after the other in the axial direction are arranged crosswise relative to each other. Heavy duty scaffold tower (10) according to Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that the vertical diagonals (22) of the heavy-duty scaffold tower (10) are detachably fastened at each end to one of the first horizontal bars (20). Heavy duty scaffolding tower (10) according to Claim 3 , characterized in that on at least part of the first horizontal bars (20) at one end each attack two vertical diagonals (22) which are arranged parallel to each other. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the spacer plates (46) lie loosely on one of the second horizontal bars (64). Heavy duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that at least some of the spacer plates (46) or all spacer plates (46) are detachably fastened to the scaffold rosettes (30) of two scaffold posts (28) by one of the second horizontal bars (64), the second horizontal bar (64) the spacer plate (46) in question preferably extends through in sections. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer plates (46) each have plane-parallel top and bottom sides (48, 50). Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer plates (46) are all constructed identically and / or consist of metal. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second horizontal bars (64) are all of identical construction. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scaffolding posts (28) are all of identical construction. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second horizontal bars (64) on mutually adjacent sides of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) are arranged offset to one another in the direction of the vertical axis (12). Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scaffolding tower (10) has a rectangular or preferably square cross-sectional shape. Heavy-duty scaffold tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scaffold stand bundles (16) each have a rectangular, in particular square or diamond-shaped, cross-sectional shape. Heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two directly adjacent height segments (38) of the heavy-duty scaffolding tower (10) on each side (18) of the scaffolding tower (10) each by at least one vertical diagonal (22) are coupled, which spans a connecting plane T between the two height segments (38).

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