DE102018122937A1 - Hydrodynamic retarder with synchronization - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydrodynamic machine, in particular a retarder for attachment to a transmission, is proposed with a lubricating oil area and a working area area in a housing, a rotatably mounted shaft leading through both areas, and a synchronization device and a gearwheel being arranged on the shaft in the lubricating oil area and A rotor is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner in the work area. The reliability and the reduction of the power loss is achieved according to the invention in that the shaft in the lubricating oil area has a central channel through which oil can be conveyed into the lubricating oil space, and in the lubricating oil area a guide device is arranged by means of which at least one Partial oil flow can be deflected.

Description

The invention relates to a hydrodynamic machine, in particular a hydrodynamic retarder, for generating a braking torque by means of a working fluid, the retarder comprising a synchronization device, by means of which the rotor of the retarder can be coupled to a drive device of a drive motor. The retarder is designed for mounting on a gearbox.

In particular, the invention relates to hydrodynamic retarders which are used as wear-free permanent brakes in drive trains, in particular motor vehicle drive trains, for example in trucks and buses.

Such a retarder comprises a rotor and a stator, which together form a toroidal working space. For a first operating state, braking, the working space can be filled with working medium via at least one provided working medium inlet. During braking, a circulating flow forms in the work area, the working medium hydrodynamically transmitting torque from the rotor to the stator. For a second operating state, non-braking operation, the working medium is pumped out of the retarder's working space in order to avoid torque and / or drive power transmission.

An oil from an oil circuit or cooling water from a cooling water circuit can be used as the working medium for a retarder. Both technologies are well known from the StdT.

The DE 10 2013 224 095 A1 discloses a water retarder with a synchronization device which is arranged in the retarder housing. In the case of water retarders in particular, it is necessary for the working medium area and the area with the components to be lubricated, such as the bearings and the synchronization, to be separated from one another. Lubrication is usually carried out using gear oil from the gear oil circuit. A sealing system with a drain through the retarder shaft is provided to separate the cooling water circuit. The performance data expected from the synchronization with regard to sliding speed, mass moment of inertia, drag torque and switching frequency require a targeted oil supply to the synchronizing elements.

The object of the invention is to propose an alternative structure for a retarder, by means of which the reliability is improved and the power loss is reduced.

The object is achieved by an embodiment according to claim 1. Further advantageous features of the embodiment according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.

A hydrodynamic machine, in particular a retarder for attachment to a transmission, is proposed with a lubricating oil area and a working area area in a housing, a rotatably mounted shaft leading through both areas, and a synchronization device and a gearwheel being arranged on the shaft in the lubricating oil area and a rotor is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner in the work area.

The reliability and the reduction of the power loss is achieved according to the invention in that the shaft in the lubricating oil area has a central channel through which oil can be conveyed into the lubricating oil space, and in the lubricating oil area a guide device is arranged by means of which at least a partial oil flow can be deflected.

The fact that a partial oil flow can be supplied and deflected through the retarder shaft means that the oil supply in braking mode and in non-braking mode is adapted to the different conditions or the different movement of the components relative to one another. The function of the guide device according to the invention is different in the two operating states, so that the deflecting effect of the partial oil flow is different in the operating states.

Several transverse channels can branch off from the central channel, via which the oil flow is divided into several partial flows, with each bearing or each lubrication or cooling point being supplied with oil via a separate partial oil flow. The flow can be adjusted by designing the cross-sections, whereby the total cross-section can also be composed of several individual cross-sections, e.g. 3 to 4 cross holes to a bearing.

In a first embodiment, the guide device can consist of a channel in the retarder shaft and a bearing for supporting the retarder shaft. The channel is preferably oriented such that the partial oil flow is directed in the direction of synchronization. The bearing is preferably a tapered roller bearing which, during operation, exerts a pumping action on the oil flowing through it. If the bearing and channel are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow, oil is pumped into or through the channel by means of the pumping action of the bearing.

In this embodiment, the central channel can comprise an oil connection that is connected to the oil circuit a transmission is connected. Since all oil flows end in the oil chamber and collect or converge in the lower region of the bearing housing, a return channel from the oil chamber into the transmission oil circuit is provided in the lower region of the bearing housing.

In a second embodiment, the guiding device can comprise a slot channel through which oil can be guided or conveyed from the oil space into a collecting space. The solution is used in a closed oil circuit within the bearing housing to create a circuit flow. Replacing the oil via the gear oil circuit is advantageous in order to keep the oil temperature constant.

The collecting space can be connected to the central channel in the retarder shaft.

Furthermore, at least one transverse channel can be arranged between the needle bearing and the synchronization such that the oil flow through the transverse channel is divided into a partial oil flow through the bearing and an oil flow through the synchronization. In the second version in particular, the arrangement is decisive for how large the oil volume flow that is promoted by the synchronization. The path through the bearing towards synchronization should preferably be shorter or offer the lower flow resistance.

• 1 Schmierölverteilsystem für einen Wasserretarder, zur Verteilung von Öl aus dem Getriebeölkreislauf im Schmierölbereich
• 2 ein zweites Schmierölsystem für einen Wasserretarder, zur Verteilung von Schmieröl innerhalb des Schmierölbereichs
• 3a-c Details zur Funktionsbeschreibung des zweiten Schm ierölsystem

On the basis of exemplary embodiments, further advantageous features of the invention are explained with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned can not only be advantageously implemented in the combination shown, but can also be combined individually with one another. The figures show in detail:

• 1 Lubricating oil distribution system for a water retarder, for distributing oil from the gear oil circuit in the lubricating oil area
• 2nd a second lubricating oil system for a water retarder, for the distribution of lubricating oil within the lubricating oil area
• 3a-c Details on the functional description of the second lubricating oil system

1 shows an inventive lubricating oil distribution system for a water retarder, for the distribution of oil from the transmission oil circuit in the lubricating oil area 1 of the water tarders.

In the lubricating oil area 1 of the water retarder is the retarder shaft 2nd about the camp 11 and 12th compared to the retarder housing, comprising the bearing housing part shown here 8th and the rotor housing part 7 , rotatably mounted. In the retarder shaft 2nd is a central channel 3rd arranged, of which several cross holes 4a , b , once to the needle bearing 10th and once to the camp 12th , dissipate. The oil supply comes from the transmission, with the oil flow coming from the transmission oil circuit 16 into several partial oil flows 19th , 27a , b , c is divided. The partial oil flow 19th is an oil flow that is directed through the synchronization and the partial oil flows 27a , b , c are oil flows over the cross hole 4a , b and the gap 26 through the camp 10th , 11 and 12th be directed.

The synchronization is used for braking operation of the retarder 5 , by moving the synchronizer ring 6 in the position shown, closed. This will make the retarder shaft 2nd with the gear 20th coupled and driven. Due to the rotation, the bearings have tapered roller bearings 11 and 12th , a certain pumping effect on flowing oil. The pumping effect through the bearing 12th is used to create an oil flow 19th through the channel 14 on the synchronization 5 , especially the cone elements 13 to steer so that the friction surfaces are lubricated and / or cooled.

The bearings are in non-braking mode 11 and 12th and the retarder shaft 2nd . The needle bearing 10th is in use, however, so an oil flow 27a via the central channel 3rd who have favourited Cross Bores 4a and the needle bearing 10th also in the direction of synchronization 5 is directed. By eliminating the pumping effect of the bearing 12th the volume of the oil flow decreases 19th so that the oiling of the open synchronizer 5 is less and between the friction surfaces of the synchronization 5 less power loss occurs.

All partial oil flows are in the lower part of the bearing housing 8th collected and via the return channel 22 headed back into the gearbox.

In the 2nd and 3a to 3c is a second lubricating oil distribution system for a water retarder, for the distribution of oil within the lubricating oil area 1 of the water retarder. This system differs in particular from the first embodiment in that it is a closed system in which the oil in the lubricating oil area 1 of the retarder remains and is promoted in a circle.

As in the first version or variant, the gear 20th from the drive gear 21 driven and is via the needle bearing 10th on the retarder shaft 2nd rotatably mounted. The drive gear 21 and the gear 20th are always driven regardless of the retarder operation.

The bearing housing part 8th or the bearing bell in this version has no return channel through which the oil can flow back into the gearbox, but the collecting space is designed in such a way that Oil or an oil-air mixture along the bearing housing wall by means of the rotating gear 20th to the slot channel 25th is promoted.

The slot channel 25th is designed so that it is a tap of the gear 20th pumped air-oil mixture in the upper area of the bearing housing. The collection room is for air separation 23 connected to the ventilation system of the retarder, not shown.

From the upper part of the collecting room 23 the trapped oil is led into the lower part of the collecting space, which with the central channel 3rd through the retarder shaft 2nd connected is. In the collecting room 23 the oil collects when through the central channel 3rd the flow is minimal enough so that an oil level is formed.

3a to c show details of the second lubricating oil system. So is in 3a for example the lower collecting area 23 shown in which the oil can collect so that ventilation takes place. In 3b is the connection to the central channel 3rd in the retarder shaft 2nd to recognize.

From the collecting room 23 the oil passes through several partial oil flows 27a , b , c to the camps 10th , 11 , 12th and for synchronization 5 . The partial oil flow 27b the through the camp 11 , a tapered roller bearing, is conveyed via the sealing gap 26 between retarder shaft 2nd and bearing housing part 8th .

Further partial oil flows 27 a, b are starting from the central hole 3rd via cross holes 4th forwarded. The partial oil flow 27a is through the needle bearing 10th promoted and designed so that it divides and an essential oil flow 19th to the cone element 13 and thus to the friction linings of the synchronization 5 reached. Through the appropriate positioning and dimensioning of the cross channel 4a between needle bearing and synchronization 5 is achieved that the oil flow is particularly in braking mode 19th larger than in non-braking mode.

The warehouse 12th , a tapered roller bearing, is over the further cross hole 4th supplied with oil behind the bearing.

In that the drive of the gear 20th is carried out directly from the transmission, it is ensured that the synchronization is continuously supplied with oil during vehicle operation. The pumping action of the bearings and the centrifugal forces when the gear rotates 20th ensure the constant circulation of the oil. The only requirement is that the oil in the lower collecting space has a certain geodetic height.

The flow rate metering can be controlled, for example, by selecting the flow cross sections. 3c shows again in detail the flow through the slot channel 25th in the collecting room 23 .

Reference list

1

Lubricating oil range

2nd

Retarder shaft

3rd

Central channel

4a, b, c

Distribution hole

5

Synchronization

6

Sliding sleeve

7

Rotor housing part

8th

Bearing housing part

9

Shaft seal

10th

Needle bearing

11

camp

12th

camp

13

Cone element (synchronizer ring)

14

channel

15

Torque arm

16

Oil connection

17th

Oil room

18th

Workspace area

19th

Oil flow through synchronization

20th

gear

21

Drive gear

22

Return channel

23

Gathering room

24th

poetry

25th

Slot channel

26

Sealing gap

27a, b, c

Partial oil flows through bearings

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102013224095 A1 [0005]

Claims (9)

Hydrodynamic machine, in particular retarder for mounting on a gearbox, with a lubricating oil area (1) and a work area (18) in a housing (7, 8), a rotatably mounted shaft (2) leading through both areas (1, 18), and a synchronization device (5) and a gearwheel (20) are arranged on the shaft (2) in the lubricating oil area and a rotor is non-rotatably coupled in the working area (18), characterized in that the shaft (2) in the lubricating oil area (1) has a central channel (3), through which oil can be conveyed into the lubricating oil chamber (1), and in the lubricating oil area (1) a guide device (12, 14, 23, 25) is arranged, by means of which at least one partial oil flow (19, 27a, b, c ) can be deflected. Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that a plurality of transverse channels (4a, b, c) branch off from the central channel (3), via which the oil flow is divided into a plurality of partial flows (19, 27a, b, c), each bearing (10, 11, 12) via oil is applied to a separate partial oil flow (27a, b, c). Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that the guide device consists of a channel (14) in the retarder shaft (2) and a bearing (12) for mounting the retarder shaft (2). Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 2 , characterized in that the channel (14) is oriented such that the partial oil flow (27c) is directed through the bearing (12) in the direction of synchronization (5), so that at least one oil flow 19 flows through the synchronization. Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 2 , characterized in that the bearing 12 is a tapered roller bearing which exerts a pumping action on flowing oil during operation by the rotary movement. Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that the central channel (3) comprises an oil connection (16) which is connected to the oil circuit of a transmission. Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that the guiding device comprises a slot channel (25) through which oil can be guided from the oil space (17) into a collecting space (23). Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 7 , characterized in that the collecting space (23) is connected to the central channel (3) in the retarder shaft (2). Hydrodynamic machine after Claim 2 , characterized in that at least one transverse channel (4a) is arranged between the needle bearing (10) and synchronization (5) such that the oil flow through the transverse channel (4) into a partial oil flow (27a) through the bearing (10) and an oil flow (19) divided by the synchronization (5).

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