DE102018122412B3 - Process for the preparation of a component having a polymeric binder matrix - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of making a component comprising a polymeric binder matrix, wherein a sheet of a polymeric binder matrix made of acrylic resin having at least one particulate filler incorporated therein is machined on a surface by mechanical machining such that the surface is formed by the processed binder matrix and planer filler particles after which the plate is heated above the softening temperature of the binder, so that the binder matrix is relaxed and the superficial filler particles are tilted and a structured surface is formed, after which the component is cooled below the softening temperature.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component having a polymeric binder matrix.

In many private and public areas, such as in private or public baths, in small or large kitchens, in industrial premises or other areas where people move and the walk-in area is sometimes wet, are corresponding requirements for high wear resistance combined with good slip resistance to prevent a person from slipping. In order to meet these requirements, corresponding floor coverings with a sufficiently stable material structure and a surface having a corresponding roughness or structuring are used as floor covering. As an example, ceramic tiles are mentioned in which the increased slip resistance is achieved by sprinkling non-melting sand grains in the tile glaze, the sand grains protrude after melting the glaze from the smooth surface, but are firmly integrated into the glaze.

For very high demands on aesthetics as well as ease of cleaning, however, floor surfaces with a flat ground and polished surface are popular, which usually consist of mineral materials, such as natural stone, porcelain stoneware or also "engineered stone" material (= artificial stone consisting mainly of quartz particles, which in bound to an organic binder matrix). The slip resistance is naturally given insufficiently on polished surfaces.

Not only in flooring are appropriate strength and slip resistance requirements, but also for example in bath or shower trays or shower trays. Such trays or cups are made in addition to embodiments made of ceramic, enamelled steel sheet or thermoformed acrylic sheets, which are usually made due to the production also smooth or shiny on the surface and are therefore not too slip resistant.

An improvement in the slip resistance of these materials is usually achieved only by subsequently introduced mats or glued sticky strips.

Other now popular solutions for the production of shower trays are made of a block consisting of natural stone or engineered stone, polished, polished on the surface and polished shower trays which are very high quality, but also very high priced offered.

The formation of an improved in terms of skid resistance surface can be achieved in these products by a subsequent mechanical processing of the surface of the component, by z. B. for introducing corresponding grooves or grooves. Although these macroscopic, mechanically introduced recesses improve the skid resistance, however, when the flatness of the component increased demands are made, such as in showers or bathtubs or the like, disadvantageous, as well as the cleanability deteriorates, as in the grooves or Riefen dirt particles can be stored.

Out DE 699 10 054 T2 For example, a floor coating material and a corresponding manufacturing method are known. This floor coating material has a PVC layer and an aggregate embedded in the material that provides surface roughness.

Out DE 30 41 794 A1 is a method for the production of dessinierten moldings of a curable composition based on thermosetting plastics known. The invention provides a polymeric binder matrix with a particulate filler introduced therein, the mass being hardened to form a base body during the production of the shaped body and then the base body removed from the mold, after which the hardening of the base body can take place by heating it ,

The invention is therefore based on the problem to provide an improved method for producing a component having a polymeric binder matrix.

To solve this problem, the invention provides a process for producing a component comprising a polymeric binder matrix, which is characterized in that a sheet of a polymeric binder matrix made of acrylic resin with at least one particulate introduced therein Filler is machined on a surface by machining so that the surface is formed by the processed binder matrix and planer filler particles, after which the plate is heated above the softening temperature of the binder so that the binder matrix relaxes and the superficial filler particles are tilted forming a textured surface, after which the component is cooled below the softening temperature.

Surprisingly, the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a component which has a relief-like structured surface having a good slip resistance, this structured surface not having been produced by mechanical removal for the formation of grooves or grooves, etc., but by a mechanical treatment of the surface for leveling same and a downstream thermal treatment or tempering.

The starting material for the process according to the invention is a plate consisting of a polymeric binder matrix prepared from an acrylic resin, that is to say a resin matrix of, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or a mixture of PMMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA). In this resin matrix filler particles are introduced, which spread over the cross section and the thickness of the plate largely evenly. This plate is now worked mechanically plan, that is, it is worked through a mechanical processing method as flat as possible. This can be done by grinding the plate surface with a very fine abrasive, possibly additional brushing or polishing. The planar surface or plane surface produced is formed by the plane-worked binder matrix as well as by the superficially exposed filler particles, which are likewise planar or planar. Optically, therefore, the surface shows both areas formed by the planar surface respectively planar machined binder and areas formed by the plane respectively planar filler particles which are enclosed by the binder matrix.

In a next step, this plan worked plate is heated above the softening temperature of the binder, that is, the already hardened or polymerized in the context of plate-making thermoplastic binder is re-softened. This causes the binder matrix to relax. It has surprisingly been found that in the already polymerized binder matrix from the casting and polymerization process resulting intrinsic stresses are given. If the plate is then heated above the softening temperature, ie if the binder matrix changes from a cured to a slightly softened state, the stresses within the binder matrix are reduced. The binder relaxes or shrinks which causes the surface structure to change due to this stress relaxation or relaxation process. The previously planar surface of the binder changes its flatness locally, ie it decreases slightly locally as a result of the stress reduction. This, coupled with the given softness of the binder matrix, at the same time results in the surface planer filler particles being partially entrained by the relaxing or contracting binder matrix and slightly tilting out of their plane, that is, the flat plano-fill particulate surfaces are not run more parallel to each other in a common plane, but tilt relative to each other and thus to the plane of the component surface. Due to the relaxation or sinking processes within the binder matrix in conjunction with the tilting of the filler particles, a structured surface is then formed, that is to say that the surface which has previously been machined is structurally structured in a clearly perceptible three-dimensional manner as a result of these processes.

After a corresponding holding time, which is dependent on the actual temperature of the plate during the er- respectively by heating and is the shorter, the higher the actual temperature, the plate is cooled again below the softening temperature, so that the binder matrix again solidified and the surface structure and thus the tilted filler particles are fixed. The cooled component or the cooled plate then still has the corresponding initial shape, it should not, as will be discussed below, be transformed simultaneously during the temperature treatment three-dimensional. In any case, however, the component has a corresponding relief-like or structured surface, which results solely from the relaxation process of the binder matrix and consequent tilting of the filler particles, without having to perform mechanical operations to form grooves and the like to obtain the roughness.

Preferably, a plate with a filler content of at least 65 wt.% And at most 95%, preferably between 75-90 wt.% Is used, that is, to work with a correspondingly high filler content to ensure that a sufficiently high particle content of the given to be processed surface.

Furthermore, a plate is preferably used in which at least 10% by weight, preferably more than 30% by weight and in particular more than 50% by weight of the filler particles have a particle size ≥ 0.4 mm. Preferably, therefore, larger filler particles are used for a preferably high proportion; particle sizes of up to one millimeter and more can also be used.

The filler particles themselves should have a Mohs hardness of more than 5, preferably more than 6 and preferably about 7. Preferably, quartz sand is used as a filler, for example, in a fine fraction having a particle size less than 0.4 mm and a coarser fraction, the proportion of which is preferably greater than that of the fine fraction, with a particle size of, for example, 0.4 - 2.5 mm is used.

Preferably, a plate is used in which the polymeric binder matrix is made from a mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Thus, a monomer and a polymer are used to prepare the matrix mixture. The ratio of the weight proportions of the polymer, ie the PMMA to the monomer, ie the MMA, should be between 1: 1.75 and 1: 6, in particular between 1: 2 and 1: 5 and preferably about 1: 4. This means that there is a monomer surplus.

The proportion of the polymerizable mass of monomer and polymer, ie methyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate, in the total mass of the binder matrix should be between 10 and 40% by weight, in particular between 15 and 30% by weight, and preferably about 20% by weight.

In addition to the polymer constituents, the binder matrix contains the additives normally added and required, such as a crosslinker, one or more optional additives or initiators / peroxides.

It is also conceivable that a plate is used with embedded in the binder matrix color pigments. This means that a colored plate is used, and therefore also the finished component has a correspondingly colored surface.

As described, the surface of the plate is preferably machined by grinding or brushing to make it planar, with an extremely fine abrasive or brushing agent being used during grinding or brushing to work the surface as flat as possible. If necessary, it is also conceivable to subsequently polish the surface again with an even finer means in order to process it as evenly as possible.

As already described above, it is conceivable merely to heat the plate which forms the starting component and then to cool it again, that is to say that the plate shape does not change. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, provides for the mechanical deformation of the plate during heating to form a three-dimensional object. It is therefore intended that the plate, if it is heated above the softening temperature, in addition also mechanically deform by a corresponding shaping tool such as a thermoforming device or the like, thus therefore to deform the quasi two-dimensional plate into a three-dimensional object. Preferably, the plate for forming a tub, in particular a shower tray is converted accordingly.

In addition to the process itself, the invention further relates to a component consisting of a polymeric binder matrix consisting of acrylic resin with at least one particulate filler incorporated therein, prepared by the method described above.

The component itself should have a filler content of at least 65% by weight and at most 95% by weight, preferably between 75-90% by weight. At least 10% by weight, preferably more than 30% by weight and in particular more than 50% by weight of the filler particles should have a particle size ≥ 0.4 mm, preferably also a Mohs hardness of more than 5, preferably more than 6, and especially preferably of about 7.

The polymeric binder matrix is preferably prepared from a mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), preferably in a proportion of between 10 and 40% by weight, in particular between 15 and 30% by weight, and preferably of about 20% by weight PMMA. The ratio of the weight proportions of the polymer to the monomer, ie of PMMA to MMA, should be between 1: 1.75 and 1: 6, in particular between 1: 2 and 1: 5 and preferably about 1: 4.

In the binder matrix, color pigments may be incorporated in addition to the filler particles which may already have an inherent color. This makes it possible to give the component a desired color.

The component itself may be a plate, for example a wall cladding or floor slab.

Alternatively, the component may also be a tub, preferably a shower tray or shower tray.

• 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung eines Schnitts durch eine Platte vor der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlung zur Erzeugung der strukturierten Oberfläche,
• 2 die Prinzipdarstellung der Platte aus 1 nach Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Temperaturbehandlung und Abkühlung, und
• 3 eine Prinzipdarstellung zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

Further advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and with reference to the drawings:

• 1 a schematic representation of a section through a plate before the heat treatment according to the invention to produce the structured surface,
• 2 the schematic diagram of the plate 1 after carrying out the temperature treatment and cooling according to the invention, and
• 3 a schematic diagram for explaining the method according to the invention.

1 shows a sectional view through a plate 1 used as a starting component for the manufacture of a component according to the invention 2 as it is in 2 shown serves. The plate 1 comprises a polymeric binder matrix 3 made of an acrylic resin, preferably using a mixture of an acrylic monomer, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and an acrylic polymer, namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In addition to conventional crosslinkers, additives, and initiators respectively peroxides and optionally color pigments contains the plate 1 in the binder matrix 3 embedded filler particles 4 , which are, for example, quartz sand particles of different sizes. The grain size can consist of a small grain fraction with a size <0.4 mm and a coarser grain fraction with sizes of ≥ 0.4 mm up to particle sizes of 2 or more millimeters. The filler content of the filler particles 4 should be at least 65% by weight, but at most 95% by weight, and should preferably be in the range of 75-90% by weight.

Quartz sand as filler is only mentioned as an example. There are also other filler particles usable, which have a sufficiently high Mohs hardness of more than 5, preferably more than 6, z. As corundum or the like.

The plate 1 is cured, that is, the binder matrix 3 is polymerized through, the filler particles 4 are firmly bound in the binder matrix.

The one surface 5 , the visible side of the plate 1 respectively of the subsequently manufactured component 2 , is already mechanically processed in this plate or presentation, preferably ground, for which a corresponding tool and a very fine abrasive is used. This causes the surface 5 plan or flat, apart from the smallest microstructures, which arise due to processing. The surface 5 can also be polished so that it is even more level and planner than after, for example, the grinding.

The surface 5 is therefore apparent from flat areas or areas 6 caused by the binder or the binder matrix 3 are formed, as well as by lying on the surface Füllstoffpartikelbereiche or surfaces 7, which are also described as planar and flat. Overall, this results in a sufficiently large plate plane or plate surface, formed from the binder surfaces 6 and the filler particle surfaces 7 ,

Inside the binder matrix 3 are further filler particles 4 stored, starting from the schematic representation according to 1 a corresponding distance a to the superficial filler particles 4 exhibit.

According to the invention will now, as will be discussed below, this plan worked plate 1 at least heated for the production of the component. The heating takes place via a softening temperature Tg of the binder, that is to say that, as a result of the heating, the binder matrix 3 becomes soft. From the manufacturing process of the plate 1 , in the context of which a polymerizable composition consisting of the binder with the stirred filler particles, color pigments, etc. is poured into a casting mold, and there polymerized, that are cured in the plate 1 according to 1 intrinsic stresses present. Will now the cured binder matrix 3 heated, it comes so that the binder matrix 3 Relaxed, so the intrinsic stresses degraded. This leads, see 3 , to that the binder surfaces 6 your level, lose planar shape, these areas sink more or less strongly or take on a wavy, relief-like structure. With the sinking and the relaxation or the slight shrinkage is accompanied by a tilting of the near-surface respectively the surface 5 forming filler particles 4 , as 2 clearly shows. As a result, the flat, planar filler particle surfaces tilt 7 , So they are tilted out of their former horizontal or surface parallel position, so that the Füllstoffpartikelflächen 7 tilting then at an angle α, of course, of filler particles 4 to filler particles 4 varies depending on how large the tilt is to the former plan level. Since after heating and the voltage reduction respectively the relaxation and waiting for a sufficient holding time at the elevated temperature, the plate 1 respectively the almost finished component 2 is again cooled to a temperature below the softening temperature Tg, usually to room temperature, are consequently the tilted filler particles 4 again firmly in the cured binder matrix 3 integrated, as well as the relief-like, roughened structure of the binder surfaces 6 is virtually frozen.

On the one hand, this results from the relief-like sunken or roughened or structured binder surfaces 6 on the other hand, by the tilted, so inclined Füllstoffpartikelflächen 7 a three-dimensional, roughened surface texture, as in 2 shown. This surface structure can be felt haptically.

3 shows a diagram illustrating the sequence of the method according to the invention. In step a) becomes a plate to be processed 1 then selected in step b) by means of a suitable tool 8th mechanically superficially worked, using different tools 8th can be used, for example, a grinding tool and then a polishing tool. In step b) the surface becomes 5 the plate 1 mechanically leveled, so that it is as flat as possible and has only a minimum possible microstructure.

The finished plate 1 is then, see step c), a heater 9 fed, for example, a convection oven or an infrared heater. There is the plate 1 over the softening temperature Tg of the binder matrix 3 heated, that is, T is greater than Tg. As the binder matrix 3 consists of an acrylic resin, preferably a mixture of MMA and PMMA, the softening temperature is about 100 ° C, that is, the plate is heated to a temperature greater than about 100 ° C. The heating temperature may preferably be in the range between 120 ° C - 170 ° C, wherein, the higher the heating temperature, ultimately the faster the stress relief and the formation of the three-dimensionally structured surface 5 he follows.

In step c), only the heating of the plate 1 done, that is, the plate 1 maintains its plate shape and is not reshaped. In step d), the heated plate 1 after the holding time of the heater 9 taken. The temperature is lowered to a temperature below the softening temperature Tg, that is, that a cooling is finally carried out to room temperature. The plate 1 then shows a, as in step d) is indicated in principle, relief-like or three-dimensionally structured surface 5 , which has a corresponding roughness and thus skid resistance.

In step c), however, dashed, optionally represents the possibility of the plate 1 also mechanically deform during heating, for example to produce a shower tray or shower tray. This is the plate 1 mechanically formed, for example, thermoformed over a corresponding mold or the like, which is possible after the binder matrix 3 softened. After performing this mechanical deformation and expiration of the holding time to perform the stress relaxation and formation of the three-dimensionally structured surface 5 then becomes the formed component 2 the heater 9 taken again. There is also a cooling to a temperature T below the softening temperature Tg, preferably, of course, to room temperature, so that then the finished, designed as a shower tray component 2 with a relief-like, non-slip surface 5 is completed.

To demonstrate the formation of the rough, sufficiently non-slip surface, three different plates were made which vary in the amount of binder used and the amount of filler particle used or size used. The compositions were as follows:

Example 1:

MMA 13.6 PMMA 3.4 crosslinkers 0.35 additives 0.3 Initiators / peroxides 0.35 color pigments 2 Quartz flour <0.05 mm 12 Quartz sand fine <0.4 mm 20 Quartz sand coarse 0.4 - 1.2 mm 48 Total (grav.) 100

Example 2:

MMA 19.25 PMMA 4.8 crosslinkers 0.3 additives 0.3 Initiators / peroxides 0.35 color pigments 2 Quartz flour <0.05 mm 11 Quartz sand fine <0.4 mm 30 Quartz sand coarse 0.4 - 0.6 mm 32 Total (grav.) 100

Example 3:

MMA 13.25 PMMA 3.2 crosslinkers 0.3 additives 0.3 Initiators / peroxides 0.35 color pigments 2 silica flour 9 Quartz sand fine <0.4 mm 20 Quartz sand coarse 0.4 - 2.5 mm 51.6 Total (grav.) 100

All quantities are given in grams, which means that a gravimetric quantity is given.

From the corresponding additions, a corresponding polymerizable mass was prepared by appropriate mixing, from which then in each case a plate with an edge length of 500 x 1000 mm and a thickness of 8 mm was poured into a corresponding mold. The three different test panels were then machined by grinding and then polished so that each panel had a planar surface.

Subsequently, each machined plate was measured for various roughness characteristics, that is, the surface profiles of each plate prior to the invention Temperature treatment were measured. The surface profiles were recorded using a HOMMEL Etamic W5 measuring instrument, each with a test section of 1.5 cm in total.

In each case Rmax [my], Rt [my], Rz [my] and the slip-resistance angle [°] were measured.

Rmax is according to the standard DIN 4768 the maximum height difference between a mountain and an adjacent valley.

Rt is according to the standard DIN 4762/1 the height difference between the deepest valley and the highest mountain of the reference route.

Rz is the arithmetic mean of the individual roughness depths Rzi of successive individual measurement paths according to Standard DIN EN ISO 4287

To determine the slip resistance or the slip resistance angle, the tests were carried out according to the standard DIN 51097. Accordingly, water is applied to an inclined plane whose angle relative to the horizontal is adjustable. This inclined plane is formed by the surface of the plate to be tested. Subsequently, a test person barefoot commits the inclined plane and it is determined the angle at which the subject still has a secure state. High values for the slip resistance angle therefore correspond to a high skid resistance.

Then, each plate was subjected to a temperature treatment.

The plate according to Example 1 was heated to a temperature of 160 ° C and held at this temperature for 30 minutes.

The plate according to Example 2 was heated to a temperature of 160 ° C and held at this temperature also for 30 minutes.

Likewise, the plate was heated according to Example 3 to a temperature of 160 ° C and held for 30 minutes at the temperature.

After the holding time, the plates, which were placed in a convection oven for heating, were removed from the oven and cooled to room temperature.

Subsequently, each plate was again measured for the parameters described above with the HOMMEL measuring device or the slip resistance angle test was carried out.

The results of the individual measurements are given in the following three tables. In addition to the parameters mentioned, there are also details of a visual visual inspection and a haptic test. Indicated are in each case the measured values of the respective plate without tempering according to the invention (column "o. Temerpatur") and after the tempering according to the invention (column "° C / min").

Example 1:

exam o. temperature 160 ° C / 30 min Haptic / Visual smooth / shiny rough, glittering Rmax [my] 8.14 12.0 Rt [my] 8.4 13.12 Rz [my] 4.35 9.19 Slip resistance angle 11.7 13.6 [Angle degree]

Example 2:

exam sample o. temperature 160 ° C / 30 min Haptic / Visual smooth / shiny slightly rough, dull Rmax [my] 4.3 14.5 Rt [my] 4.56 15.3 March [my] 3.55 10.2 Slip resistance angle [angular degree] 11.1 13.7

Example 3:

exam sample o. temperature 160 ° C / 30 min Haptic / Visual smooth / shiny very rough, glittering Rmax [my] 8.48 16.53 Rt [my] 8.5 17.9 March [my] 4.75 12.2 Slip resistance angle [angular degree] 13.5 16.2

The plate according to Example 1 with a proportion of coarser quartz sand of 0.4 to 1.2 mm of 48 wt.% Shows in the context of visual / haptic examination a shiny, smooth surface after grinding. It shows relatively low roughness parameters resulting from the flat grinding and polishing. Without prior heat treatment even a low slip angle of 11.7 is given.

After carrying out the thermal treatment, ie annealing at 160 ° C for 30 minutes, the parameters change significantly. The haptic / visual examination shows that there is a rough, that is to say haptically more experienced surface structure, that the surface-forming, ground filler particle surfaces lead to a glittering appearance.

The roughness parameters have increased significantly as far as Rmax, Rt and Rz are concerned.

Of particular note, however, in particular the slip resistance angle, which has increased in the example shown to 13.6 °.

Similarly, the result of the plate according to Example 2. There was a significantly smaller amount of coarser quartz sand, which had only a grain size between 0.4 - 0.6 mm added, namely 32 wt.%, While the fine quartz sand fraction with a grain size of 0.4 mm with 30 wt.% Comparable size was present.

A visual inspection of the ground but not annealed plate shows that this plate is glossy, the haptic test gives a very smooth surface. The roughness parameters are slightly lower than in the case of the plate according to Example 1, resulting from the much smaller quartz sand particles. The slip resistance angle is also 11.1 °.

Again, the plate was then annealed, at a temperature of 160 ° C for 30 minutes.

The visual or haptic test shows that the plate shows a dull appearance, it is again a haptic experience roughness determined. Also, the corresponding parameters Rmax, Rt and Rz increase. Likewise, the slip resistance angle increases to 13.7 °.

This means that here too a corresponding three-dimensional structured and rough surface can be produced and this despite the much finer quartz sand additions, with an approximately identically pronounced roughness as in the plate according to Example 1.

The conditions in the plate according to Example 3 are somewhat different. There, a high proportion of 51.6% by weight of coarse quartz sand having a particle size of 0.4-2.5 mm was added, that is to say comparable in amount to the example 1, but with much coarser quartz sand.

The visual or haptic test shows that the ground, but not annealed plate shows a shiny appearance, the surface feels very smooth. The roughness parameters correspond largely to those of Example 1. Here, however, the slip resistance angle is already 13.5 °.

This plate 1 from example recipe 3 was then annealed at 160 ° C for 30 minutes, which in this example also resulted in a significant change in the visual or haptic rating as well as in the parameters measured.

The plate shows a glittering appearance, but feels very rough in the haptic review.

This is also reflected in the corresponding measured values. These measured values Rmax, Rt and Rz are higher than the values according to Example 1, as far as Rmax, Rz and Rt are concerned.

Particularly noteworthy is the increase in the skid resistance angle, which is 16.2 ° here.

This means that the plate according to Example 3 after carrying out the annealing according to the invention shows the greatest roughness or slip resistance, starting from a ground and polished starting plate. This is due to the use of a sufficiently large amount of coarse-grained quartz sand.

The described embodiments contained quartz sand as a filler. It is conceivable, of course, other mineral fillers such as silicon carbide, alumina (corundum) or the like may be added.

In summary, it should be noted that can be produced by the inventive method, namely the planar leveling and the subsequent annealing of plastic moldings or plastic components, in addition to the component-specific high strength, also have very good slip resistance properties, the slip resistance with increasing proportion increases in coarse-grained filler.

Claims (19)

A process for producing a component comprising a polymeric binder matrix, characterized in that a plate made of a polymeric binder matrix made of acrylic resin having at least one particulate filler incorporated therein is machined on a surface by mechanical working so that the surface of the processed binder matrix and planar worked filler particles is formed, after which the plate is heated above the softening temperature of the binder, so that the binder matrix is relaxed and the superficial filler particles are tilted and forms a textured surface, after which the component is cooled below the softening temperature. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a plate having a filler content of at least 65% by weight and at most 95% by weight, preferably between 75-90% by weight is used. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a plate is used, wherein at least 10 wt.%, Preferably more than 30 wt.% And in particular more than 50 wt.% Of the filler particles have a particle size ≥ 0.4 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plate is used whose filler particles have a Mohs hardness of more than 5, preferably of more than 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plate is used in which the polymeric binder matrix is made from a mixture of methyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plate is used with embedded in the binder matrix color pigments. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the plate is mechanically processed by grinding or brushing or polishing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate is mechanically deformed during heating to form a three-dimensional object. Method according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the plate for forming a tub, in particular a shower tray is transformed. Component consisting of a polymeric binder matrix (3) made of acrylic resin with at least one particulate filler (4) incorporated therein, prepared by the process according to any one of the preceding claims. Component after Claim 10 , characterized in that it has a filler content of at least 65% by weight and at most 95% by weight, preferably between 75-90% by weight. Component after Claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that at least 10 wt.%, Preferably more than 30 wt.% And in particular more than 50 wt.% Of the filler particles (4) have a particle size ≥ 0.4 mm. Component according to one of Claims 10 to 12 , characterized in that the filler particles (4) have a Mohs hardness of more than 5, preferably of more than 6. Component according to one of Claims 10 to 13 , characterized in that the polymeric binder matrix (3) is a mixture of methyl methacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate. Component according to one of Claims 10 to 14 , characterized in that in the binder matrix (3) color pigments are incorporated. Component according to one of Claims 10 to 15 , characterized in that it is a plate. Component after Claim 16 , characterized in that it is a Wandverkleidungs- or bottom plate. Component according to one of Claims 10 to 14 , characterized in that it is a tub. Component after Claim 18 , characterized in that it is a shower tray.

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