DE102018001776A1 - Water column machine with two-sided circular piston - Google Patents

Abstract

A water column machine with a two-cornered circular piston (ZKK), in which a disc-shaped ZKK rotates in its point of symmetry about an eccentric axis, which is simultaneously in a circular motion about a fixed axis. The circular movement of the eccentric axis is generated by means of an eccentric shaft, which is mounted in the housing. The ZKK forms within the housing two separate sealed chambers whose volume oscillates alternately between a minimum and maximum value during rotation of the ZKK. The two separate chambers are alternately filled with pressurized water through the openings in the housing or emptied into a sewer line. With the advantage of a reciprocating water column machine, the ZKK always rotates in the same direction so that a higher water flow and thus a higher performance can be achieved.

Description

Hydropower is the conversion of potential or kinetic energy of water into mechanical work by means of a hydroelectric power plant, often with subsequent conversion into electrical energy. Since time immemorial, the waterwheel has been used as a water engine. In the mountainous regions, where only small amounts of impact water were present, but a sufficiently high drop height, the water column machine was developed, which is essentially a reciprocating engine driven by water pressure. There are single-acting and double-acting water column machines; at the last time, the water pressure acts alternately on the two sides of the piston. A water column machine takes up considerably less space than the previously used water wheel cascades and at the same time has better efficiency. The first water column machine was built by the engineer Ensign Winterschmidt in the 1740s in a mine in Clausthal, which moved a piston pump with which the mine water had been pumped out. In the 1880s, Gottlieb Lambach linked a double-acting water column machine with a reciprocating pump, which pumped the water into a water tower. The last of these Lambach pumps was built in 1961.

In 1842, the French engineer Benoit Fourneyron developed the forerunner of a Francis water turbine, which today is the most common turbine type. This technique has helped to exploit larger volumes of water and higher gradients compared to water wheels. The power of a hydroelectric power plant (in kW) - in particular a turbine - is calculated from the product of gravity acceleration (9.81 m / s ² ) with the height of fall of the water (in m), the water flow rate (in m ³ / s) and the efficiency. In order to achieve optimum efficiency, the turbine must be adapted to the different head heights and water flow rates. After the height of the fall, the area of application of the Francis turbine overlaps upwards with that of the Pelton turbine and downwards with that of the Kaplan turbine. A water column machine is suitable for all fall heights.

In a turbine, the water is directed by a fixed tail (also called "stator") with adjustable blades on the counter-curved blades of the impeller. The potential energy of the water is first converted in the tail unit into the kinetic energy of the water flow, which is then converted in the impeller into mechanical energy. This two-stage energy conversion causes friction losses in the water flow and on the blades of the water turbine. A water column machine converts the potential energy of the water directly into mechanical energy.

For the stability of the electrical network water storage power plants are of importance, which serve primarily to cover peak power. At the pumped storage power plant, the water from the lower reservoir is pumped into the upper reservoir by means of pumps. A water turbine works irreversibly; A water column machine is reversible: it is allowed to run backwards to pump the water into upper basins. The hydroelectric power plants are used in the presence of various types of water turbines. Given the advantages of the water column machine and using modern technologies, it could fill its share in the energy market. This briefly describes the state of the art.

Water column machines are so-called slow runners, they only have a clock speed of four to eight cycles per minute. A low number of cycles means a low water flow and consequently a low performance (see paragraph [0002]). This disadvantage of the water column machine can be eliminated. For this purpose, instead of the reciprocating piston engine, it is proposed to use a water-pressure-driven rotary piston engine. The water column machine with a two-sided rotary piston is based on the German patent DE 10 2014 010 704 designed. In contrast to a reciprocating piston, the rotary piston always moves in the same direction, which increases the water flow and accordingly increases the power.

On the to is the water column machine with a two-cornered rotary piston (ZKK) in an angular step of the eccentric shaft about its axis of rotation (O)
α = 2π / 3 = 120 °. The following terms are introduced:
K - rotary piston whose direction of rotation is selected counterclockwise and shown by an arrow;
K ₁ , K ₂ - two corners of the rotary piston (K);
O - rotation axis of the eccentric shaft;
O _K - eccentric axis, or axis of rotation of the rotary piston (K);
e - eccentricity, or distance of the eccentric axis (O _K ) to the axis of rotation (O);
α - angle of rotation of the eccentric axis (O _K ) about the axis of rotation (O);
φ - rotation angle of the rotary piston (K);
r - radius of the pitch of gear (pinion) fixed to the front wall of the housing;
R _H - radius of the pitch of gear (ring gear) installed in the front surface of the disk-shaped rotary piston (K); for ZKK it is clear: R _H = 2r, hence e = R _H - r = r; from the gear ratio (R _H : r) = (2: 1), α = 2φ;
E - inlet opening in the rear wall of the housing for the pressurized water hatched with dotted arcuate lines;
F - outlet opening in the back wall of the wastewater housing hatched with dotted arcuate lines;
M ₁ . M ₂ two troughs on the back surface of the rotary piston ( K ) shown with dotted lines;
A _K1 (φ) Cross-sectional area of the rotary piston ( K ) formed within the housing chamber in the direction of rotation of the corner ( K ₁ ) spreads;
A _K2 (φ) Cross-sectional area of the chamber formed by the rotary piston (K) inside the housing, which is in the direction of rotation from the corner ( K ₂ ) spreads;
Bottom dead center - a point on the circumferential profile of the housing, which is named in imitation of reciprocating engines, in which the cross-sectional area A _K1 (φ) , or. A _K2 (φ) is the greatest; the UT is selected as the zero point for the angle of rotation (φ), or as the start point for the corner ( K ₁ ) certainly;
OT - top dead center - a point on the circumferential profile of the housing, which is named in imitation of reciprocating engines, where the cross-sectional area A _K2 (φ) , or. A _K1 (φ) is the smallest.

The eccentric axis ( O _K ) is guided by means of an eccentric shaft in circular motion about the fixed axis ( O ) brought. The eccentric shaft is mounted in the housing. The rotation of the rotary piston (K) about the eccentric axis ( O _K ) effected by means of two gears ( R _H , r) the rotation of the eccentric shaft about the fixed axis ( O ) in the same direction at twice the angular velocity. The ring gear built into the rotary piston (K) ( R _H ) rolls on the pinion (r), which is attached to the housing. For the ZKK (R _H : r) = (2: 1), or R _H = 2r, the eccentricity (e) of the eccentric shaft is determined at the same time e = R _H - r = r.

The ZKK represents a disc-shaped body whose cross section (perpendicular to the eccentric axis ( O _K )) has a point-symmetrical figure bounded by two arcuate lines whose intersections are two corners ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ) of the ZKK. In the front surface of the ZKK is the ring gear ( R _H ) used; in the back of the ZKK are two hollows ( M ₁ ) M ₂ ), which are designed for a better water flow.

During the rotation of the rotary piston ( K ) about the eccentric axis ( O _K ) move his two vertices ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ) on a closed track, whereby the circumferential profile of the housing is determined. The circumferential profile of the housing has the same distance to the track of the vertices in each of its points ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ), so that the gap obtained during the rotation of the rotary piston ( K ) is sealed by means of the attached in both corners of the ZKK sealing strips.

wo a, b - konstante Größen sind; somit entspricht die Differenz (a - b) der kleinsten und die Summe (a + b) der größten Querschnittfläche A_K1(φ). Das Volumen der Kammer A_K1(φ) ist ihr Querschnittfläche proportional und während der Rotation des ZKK zwischen einem minimalen und maximalen Wert harmonisch oszilliert. Folglich bei einer konstanten Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Kreiskolbens (K) (dφ/dt = const) ist der Wasserdurchfluss den Schwingungen der Querschnittfläche A_K1(φ) proportional: $$\left|d{\text{A}}_{\text{K1}}\left(\mathrm{\phi }\right)/d\mathrm{\phi }\right|=\text{b}*\left|sin\mathrm{\phi }\right|,$$

somit für einen konstanten Wasserdurchfluss und dementsprechend eine konstante Leistung an der Drehachse (O) müssen mehrere Kreiskolben (K) eingesetzt werden, die mit einer Phasenverschiebung zueinander rotieren. In Anlehnung an den 3-Phasen elektrischen Wechselstrom wären 3 Kreiskolben (K) ausreichend, die beispielsweise eine Exzenterwelle antreiben (analog einer Kurbelwelle), bzw. mittels eines Getriebes miteinander verknüpft sind.On the are the corners ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ) accordingly in UT and OT ; the angle of rotation (φ) is 0 °. The inlet opening (E) and the outlet opening (F) are about to open. The chamber A _K2 (φ) has her smallest and the chamber A _K1 (φ) reached their largest volume. For the cross-sectional area A _K1 (φ): $${\text{A}}_{\text{K1}}\left(\mathrm{\phi }\right)=\text{a}+\text{b}*cOs\mathrm{\phi }\left(m^2\right).$$

where a, b are constant quantities; Thus, the difference (a - b) corresponds to the smallest and the sum (a + b) of the largest cross-sectional area A _K1 (φ) , The volume of the chamber A _K1 (φ) its cross sectional area is proportional and oscillates harmonically between a minimum and maximum value during rotation of the ZKK. Consequently, at a constant angular velocity of the rotary piston (K) (dφ / dt = const), the water flow is the vibrations of the cross-sectional area A _K1 (φ) proportional: $$\left|d{\text{A}}_{\text{K1}}\left(\mathrm{\phi }\right)/d\mathrm{\phi }\right|=\text{b}*\left|sin\mathrm{\phi }\right|.$$

thus for a constant flow of water and consequently a constant power at the axis of rotation ( O ), several rotary pistons ( K ) are used, which rotate with a phase shift to each other. Based on the 3-phase alternating electric current 3 rotary pistons ( K ) sufficient, for example, drive an eccentric shaft (analogous to a crankshaft), or are linked together by means of a transmission.

Die maximale Querschnittfläche der Kammer im Gehäuse beträgt: A_K1(0) = 1,184 m2; die minimale Querschnittfläche: A_K2(0) = A_K1(π)=0,068 m2;
die Differenz beträgt: A_K1(0) - A_K2(0) = 1,116 m².
Für einen Kreiskolben (K) mit einer Scheibenhöhe 0,5 m und einer Umdrehung pro Sekunde der Exzenterwelle (O), bei einer Fallhöhe 10 m und einem Wirkungsgrad 90% ergibt sich die Leistung: 9,81*1,116*0,5*10*0,9 = 49,266 kW.The to are drawn to scale. In cross section, the length of the ZKK is between vertices ( K ₁ ), (K ₂ ) = 1.8 m, the maximum width = 1.2 m. Under these assumptions, equation (1) yields: $${\text{A}}_{\text{K1}}\left(\mathrm{\phi }\right)=0.626+0.558*cOs\mathrm{\phi }\left(m^2\right),$$

The maximum cross-sectional area of the chamber in the enclosure is: A _K1 (0) = 1.184 m2; the minimum cross-sectional area: A _K2 (0) = A _K1 (π) = 0.068 m2;
the difference is: A _K1 (0) - A _K2 (0) = 1,116 m ² .
For a rotary piston ( K ) with a disk height of 0.5 m and one revolution per second of the eccentric shaft ( O ), with a drop height of 10 m and an efficiency of 90%, the output is 9.81 * 1.116 * 0.5 * 10 * 0.9 = 49.266 kW.

On the has the rotary piston (K) around the eccentric axis ( O _K ) is rotated by an angle φ = 60 °; the angle of rotation (α) of the eccentric shaft is: α = 2φ = 120 °. In the chamber A _K2 (φ) the pressurized water flows through the inlet opening (E). From the chamber A _K1 (φ) the wastewater is discharged through the outlet opening ( F ) drained.

On the has the rotary piston ( K ) about the eccentric axis ( O _K ) is rotated by an angle φ = 120 °; the angle of rotation ( α ) of the eccentric shaft is: α = 2φ = 240 °. The pressurized water continues to flow through the inlet port (E) into the chamber A _K2 (φ) , the sewage gets out of the chamber A _K1 (φ) through the outlet opening ( F ) drained.

On the has the rotary piston ( K ) about the eccentric axis ( O _K ) rotated through an angle φ = 180 °; the angle of rotation ( α ) of the eccentric shaft is: α = 2φ = 360 °. The eccentric shaft has one revolution about its axis ( O ) completed. The inlet opening ( e ) as well as the outlet opening ( F ) are closed. The rotary piston ( K ) has come to the starting position on the is shown; only its corners ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ) have exchanged their positions, which is of no importance because of the symmetry of the ZKK: the corners ( K ₁ ) K ₂ ) are indistinguishable.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102014010704 [0005]

Claims (1)

A water column machine with a two-cornered circular piston, characterized in that - a disc-shaped two-cornered rotary piston (CCS) rotates in its point of symmetry about an eccentric axis, which is simultaneously in a circular motion about a fixed axis; - The circular motion of the eccentric axis about the fixed axis is generated by means of an eccentric shaft which is mounted in a housing; - The rotation of the ZKK about the eccentric axis causes by means of a gearbox, the rotation of the eccentric shaft in the same direction at twice the angular velocity; - The cross section of the ZKK (perpendicular to the eccentric axis) has a point-symmetrical figure, which is bounded by two arcuate lines whose intersections form two corners of the ZKK; during the rotation of the ZKK, its two corner points move on a closed track, which determines the circumferential profile of the housing; - The circumferential profile of the housing has in each of its points the same distance from the track of the corner points, so that during the rotation of the ZKK the constantly obtained gap, by means of the sealing strips contained in both corners, sealed; - The ZKK forms within the housing two separate sealed chambers whose volume oscillates alternately between the minimum and maximum value during rotation of the ZKK; - The two separate chambers are alternately filled by the openings in the housing with pressurized water or emptied into a sewer pipe; - The oscillating water flow is compensated by several ZKK are used, which rotate with a phase shift to each other.

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